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14. Tracing veterinary antibiotics in the subsurface e A long-term field experiment with spiked manure*

Author

Mehrtens, A., Licha, T., Broers, H.P., and Burke, V.

Subjects
Unsaturated zone, Geological Survey Netherlands, Long-term field experiment, Veterinary antibiotics, Environmental relevance, 2015 Energy, Groundwater, Spiked manure
Abstract

The purpose of this long-term experiment was on gaining more insights into the environmental behaviour of veterinary antibiotics in the subsurface after application with manure. Therefore, manure spiked with a bromide tracer and eight antibiotics (enrofloxacin, lincomycin, sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, tetracycline, tiamulin, tilmicosin and tylosin) in concentrations of milligrams per litre were applied at an experimental field site. Their pathway was tracked by continuous extraction of soil pore water at different depths and systematic sampling of groundwater for a period of two years. Seven target compounds were detected in soil pore water of which four leached into groundwater. Concentrations of the detected target compounds were, with few exceptions, in the range of nanograms per litre. It was concluded that a large fraction of the investigated antibiotics sorbed or degraded already within the first meter of the soil. Further, it was inferred from the data that long and warm dry periods cause attenuation of the target compounds through increased degradation or sorption occurring in the soil. In addition, the comprehensive data-set allowed to estimate a retardation factor between 1.1 and 2.0 for sulfamethazine in a Plaggic Anthrosol soil, and to classify the individual compounds by environmental relevance based on transport behaviour and persistence. According to the distribution of resistant genes in the environment, sulfamethazine was found to be the most mobile and persistent substance.

Published
2020

27. Influence of gender and socio-economic status on dietary patterns and nutrient intakes in 18-year-old Australians

Author

Milligan, R.A.K., Burke, V., Beilin, L.J., Dunbar, D.L., Spencer, M.J., Balde, E., and Gracey, M.P.

Subjects
Australia -- Health aspects, Youth -- Food and nutrition, Health
Abstract

A study was conducted to investigate dietary behaviors of 504 18-year olds in Australia in relations to sex, socio-economic status, and national dietary guidelines. The results revealed that men ate more cereals, meat, and sugary foods and less vegetables, fruit, and low-fat-foods compared to women. The major food groups contributing to fat intake were convenience foods.

Published
1998

43. The effects of deer antler velvet extract or powder supplementation on aerobic power, erythropoiesis, and muscular strength and endurance characteristics.

Author

Sleivert G, Burke V, Palmer C, Walmsley A, Gerrard D, Haines S, and Littlejohn R

Abstract

To determine the effects of deer antler velvet on maximal aerobic performance and the trainability of muscular strength and endurance, 38 active males were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to either deer antler velvet extract (n = 12), powder (n = 13), or placebo groups (n = 13). Subjects were tested prior to beginning supplementation and a 10-week strength program, and immediately post-training. All subjects were measured for circulating levels of testosterone, insulin-like growth factor, erythropoietin, red cell mass, plasma volume, and total blood volume. Additionally, muscular strength, endurance, and VO2max were determined. All groups improved 6 RM strength equivalently (41 +/- 26%, p < .001), but there was a greater increase in isokinetic knee extensor strength (30 +/- 21% vs. 13 +/- 15%, p = .04) and endurance (21 +/- 19% vs. 7 +/- 12%, p = .02) in the powder compared to placebo group. There were no endocrine, red cell mass or VO2max changes in any group. These findings do not support an erythropoetic or aerobic ergogenic effect of deer antler velvet. Further, the inconsistent findings regarding the effects of deer antler velvet powder supplementation on the development of strength suggests that further work is required to test the robustness of the observation that this supplement enhances the strength training response and to ensure this observation is not a type I error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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