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2. Defense industry can profit despite downturn

Author

Macgregor, Douglas and Burke, Stephen N.

Subjects
DEFENSE INDUSTRY AND TRADE - United States - Lessons Learned, INDUSTRY AND DEFENSE - Costs
Abstract

illus

Published
2013

13. US CDC Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR Panel for Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Author

Lu, Xiaoyan, Wang, Lijuan, Sakthivel, Senthilkumar K., Whitaker, Brett, Murray, Janna, Kamili, Shifaq, Lynch, Brian, Malapati, Lakshmi, Burke, Stephen A., Harcourt, Jennifer, Tamin, Azaibi, Thornburg, Natalie J., Villanueva, Julie M., and Lindstrom, Stephen

Subjects
Polymerase chain reaction -- Genetic aspects -- Health aspects, Coronaviruses -- Genetic aspects -- Health aspects, Transcription (Genetics) -- Genetic aspects -- Health aspects, COVID-19 -- Genetic aspects, RNA -- Genetic aspects -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

On December 31, 2019, an outbreak of an unexplained acute respiratory disease, later designated coronavirus disease (COVID-19), was reported in Wuhan, China (1). On January 7, 2020, a novel coronavirus, [...]

Published
2020
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15. Diagnostic accuracy of whole-body MRI versus standard imaging pathways for metastatic disease in newly diagnosed colorectal cancer: the prospective Streamline C trial

Author

Evans, Ruth, Ball, Simon, Jannapureddy, Revanth, Mills-Baldock, Tina, Barhate, Kishor, Nagy, Zoltan, Raouf, Sherif, Aboagye, Akosa, Anand, Girija, Butawan, Rommel, Hadley, Elizabeth, Onajobi, Adesewa, Tarver, Kathryn, Nawaz, Tanjil, Norman, Catherine, Rich, Nathalie, Tulmuntaha, Sidra, Ahmed, Shafi, Lim, Louise, McKirdy, Fiona, Couture, Jenna, Ferdous, Shahanara, Julka, Payal, Mohammed, Ali, O'Shaughnessy, Terry, Ricketts, William, Jackson, Marie, Kay, Clive, Lowe, Andy, McGowan, Janet, Mohammed, Amjad, Robinson, Jon, Curry, Lara, Maheswaran, Sasithar, Ramesh, Subramanian, Riddle, Pippa, Balogun, Shaki, Campbell, Yvonne, Jeyadevan, Nelesh, Kavidasan, Aji, Locke, Imogen, Loke, Tuck-Kay, Olaleye, Ibiyemi, Collins, Clare, Green, Elizabeth, Prendergast, Colm, Win, Thida, Davis, Amy, Blakeway, Lyn, Gourtsoyianni, Sofia, Green, Adrian, Kelly-Morland, Christian, Naaseri, Sahar, Prezzi, Davide, Snell, David, Boisfer, Dorothee, Desai, Keyury, Hans, Balinder, Hans, Sophia, Ntala, Eleni, Alam, Adnam, Burke, Stephen, Bhowmik, Angshu, Bharwani, Nishat, Hanid, Gule, Honeyfield, Lesley, Stoycheva, Tina, Strickland, Nicola, Bazari, Farid, Beedham, Helen, De Los, Jane, Lauigan, Reyes, Limbu, Priya, Lucas, Nicola, O'Connor, Sally, Rhodes, Anita, Agoramoorthy, Laletha, Handousa, Martha, Jalloh, Abel, Stegner, Stefania, Wilson, Shanna, Birch, David, Chukundah, Suzanne, Phiri, Priscilla, Srirajaskanthan, Raj, Karapanagiotou, Eleni, Smith, Daniel, Syeed, Ferrial, van Someren, Chloe, Borgstein, Rudi, Roehrig, Jamila, Chao, David, Hurl, Lorraine, Gogbashian, Andrew, Nunes, Andre, Simcock, Ian, Stirling, James, Beable, Richard, Furneaux, Maureen, Gibbons, Nicola, Higginson, Antony, Curtis, Howard, Perry, Kitrick, Amadi, Anita, Hughes, Heather, Patel, Prital, Atkin, Gary, Elton, Colin, Karp, Stephen, Woodrow, Lisa, Yu, Dominic, Khan, Sajid, Rienhardt, Alistair, Datt, Pooja, Ilangovan, Rajapandian, Jenkins, Ian, Mahmud, Saba, Light, Teresa, Kellaway, Joanne, O'Callaghan, Ann, Partridge, William, Daniel, Amelia, Ekeowa, Ugo, Long, Michael, Russell, Peter, Scurr, Erica, Morgan, Veronica, Tunariu, Nina, Chang, Elizabeth, Hughes, Laura, Marwood, Ellice, Prior, Katie, Reddi, Meena, Sargus, Kara, Sharp, Abby, Beeston, Teresita, Isaac, Elizabeth, Jayme, Adoracion, Kalasthry, Jagadish, Piga, Wivijin, Rahman, Farzana, Weir, Shraddha, Austria, Aileen, Crosbie, James, Engledow, Alec, McCullogh, Jonathan, Obichere, Austen, Shiu, Kai-Keen, Wanstall, Christopher, Simeon, Celia, Smith, Amy, Bateman, Andrew, Breen, David, Davis, Liane, Everitt, Chris, Johnson, Alice, Nichols, Paul, Shepherd, Beth, Gilbert, Kayleigh, Verjee, Azmina, Saull, Michelle, Wilson, Jonathan, Adeniba, Rashidat, Conteh, Veronica, Howling, Sarah, Lock, Sara, Taylor, Stuart A, Mallett, Sue, Beare, Sandy, Bhatnagar, Gauraang, Blunt, Dominic, Boavida, Peter, Bridgewater, John, Clarke, Caroline S, Duggan, Marian, Ellis, Steve, Glynne-Jones, Robert, Goh, Vicky, Groves, Ashley M, Hameeduddin, Ayshea, Janes, Sam M, Johnston, Edward W, Koh, Dow-Mu, Miles, Anne, Morris, Stephen, Morton, Alison, Navani, Neal, O'Donohue, John, Oliver, Alfred, Padhani, Anwar R, Pardoe, Helen, Patel, Uday, Punwani, Shonit, Quinn, Laura, Rafiee, Hameed, Reczko, Krystyna, Rockall, Andrea G, Shahabuddin, Khawaja, Sidhu, Harbir S, Teague, Jonathan, Thaha, Mohamed A, Train, Matthew, van Ree, Katherine, Wijeyekoon, Sanjaya, and Halligan, Steve

Published
2019
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16. Diagnostic accuracy of whole-body MRI versus standard imaging pathways for metastatic disease in newly diagnosed non-small-cell lung cancer: the prospective Streamline L trial

Author

Evans, Ruth, Shahabuddin, Khawaja, Jannapureddy, Revanth, Mills-Baldock, Tina, Barhate, Kishor, Nagy, Zoltan, Raouf, Sherif, Aboagye, Akosa, Anand, Girija, Butawan, Rommel, Hadley, Elizabeth, Onajobi, Adesewa, Thaha, Mohamed A, Nawaz, Tanjil, Norman, Catherine, Rich, Nathalie, Tulmuntaha, Sidra, Ahmed, Shafi, Lim, Louise, McKirdy, Fiona, Couture, Jenna, Ferdous, Shahanara, Julka, Payal, Mohammed, Ali, Pardoe, Helen, Wijeyekoon, Sanjaya, Van Ree, Katherine, Blunt, Dominic, Ricketts, William, Jackson, Marie, Kay, Clive, Lowe, Andy, McGowan, Janet, Mohammed, Amjad, Robinson, Jon, Curry, Lara, Maheswaran, Sasithar, Ramesh, Subramanian, Riddle, Pippa, Balogun, Shaki, Campbell, Yvonne, Jeyadevan, Nelesh, Kavidasan, Aji, Locke, Imogen, Loke, Tuck-Kay, Olaleye, Ibiyemi, Collins, Clare, Green, Elizabeth, Prendergast, Colm, Win, Thida, Davis, Amy, Blakeway, Lyn, Gourtsoyianni, Sofia, Green, Adrian, Kelly-Morland, Christian, Naaseri, Sahar, O'Donohue, John, Snell, David, Boisfer, Dorothee, Desai, Keyury, Hans, Balinder, Hans, Sophia, Ntala, Eleni, Alam, Adnam, Burke, Stephen, Train, Matthew, Bharwani, Nishat, Hanid, Gule, Honeyfield, Lesley, Stoycheva, Tina, Patel, Uday, Bazari, Farid, Beedham, Helen, De Los, Jane, Lauigan, Reyes, Limbu, Priya, Lucas, Nicola, O'Connor, Sally, Rhodes, Anita, Agoramoorthy, Laletha, Handousa, Martha, Jalloh, Abel, Stegner, Stefania, Wilson, Shanna, Birch, David, Chukundah, Suzanne, Phiri, Priscilla, Srirajaskanthan, Raj, Karapanagiotou, Eleni, Smith, Daniel, Syeed, Ferrial, van Someren, Chloe, Borgstein, Rudi, Roehrig, Jamila, Chao, David, Hurl, Lorraine, Gogbashian, Andrew, Nunes, Andre, Simcock, Ian, Stirling, James, Beable, Richard, Furneaux, Maureen, Gibbons, Nicola, Higginson, Antony, Curtis, Howard, Perry, Kitrick, Amadi, Anita, Hughes, Heather, Patel, Prital, Atkin, Gary, Elton, Colin, Karp, Stephen, Woodrow, Lisa, Yu, Dominic, Khan, Sajid, Rienhardt, Alistair, Datt, Pooja, Ilangovan, Rajapandian, Jenkins, Ian, Mahmud, Saba, Light, Teresa, Kellaway, Joanne, O'Callaghan, Ann, Partridge, William, Daniel, Amelia, Ekeowa, Ugo, Long, Michael, Scurr, Erica, Morgan, Veronica, Tunariu, Nina, Chang, Elizabeth, Hughes, Laura, Marwood, Ellice, Prior, Katie, Reddi, Meena, Sargus, Kara, Sharp, Abby, Beeston, Teresita, Isaac, Elizabeth, Jayme, Adoracion, Kalasthry, Jagadish, Piga, Wivijin, Rahman, Farzana, Weir, Shraddha, Austria, Aileen, Crosbie, James, Engledow, Alec, McCullogh, Jonathan, Obichere, Austen, Shiu, Kai-Keen, Wanstall, Christopher, Simeon, Celia, Smith, Amy, Bateman, Andrew, Breen, David, Davis, Liane, Everitt, Chris, Johnson, Alice, Nichols, Paul, Shepherd, Beth, Gilbert, Kayleigh, Verjee, Azmina, Saull, Michelle, Wilson, Jonathan, Adeniba, Rashidat, Conteh, Veronica, Howling, Sarah, Taylor, Stuart A, Mallett, Sue, Ball, Simon, Beare, Sandy, Bhatnagar, Gauraang, Bhowmik, Angshu, Boavida, Peter, Bridgewater, John, Clarke, Caroline S, Duggan, Marian, Ellis, Steve, Glynne-Jones, Robert, Goh, Vicky, Groves, Ashley M, Hameeduddin, Ayshea, Janes, Sam M, Johnston, Edward W, Koh, Dow-Mu, Lock, Sara, Miles, Anne, Morris, Stephen, Morton, Alison, Navani, Neal, Oliver, Alfred, O'Shaughnessy, Terry, Padhani, Anwar R, Prezzi, David, Punwani, Shonit, Quinn, Laura, Rafiee, Hameed, Reczko, Krystyna, Rockall, Andrea G, Russell, Peter, Sidhu, Harbir S, Strickland, Nicola, Tarver, Kathryn, Teague, Jonathan, and Halligan, Steve

Published
2019
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18. Improving pandemic influenza risk assessment.

Author

Russell, Colin A, Kasson, Peter M, Donis, Ruben O, Riley, Steven, Dunbar, John, Rambaut, Andrew, Asher, Jason, Burke, Stephen, Davis, C Todd, Garten, Rebecca J, Gnanakaran, Sandrasegaram, Hay, Simon I, Herfst, Sander, Lewis, Nicola S, Lloyd-Smith, James O, Macken, Catherine A, Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian, Neuhaus, Elizabeth, Parrish, Colin R, Pepin, Kim M, Shepard, Samuel S, Smith, David L, Suarez, David L, Trock, Susan C, Widdowson, Marc-Alain, George, Dylan B, Lipsitch, Marc, and Bloom, Jesse D

Subjects
Humans, Influenza A virus, Risk Assessment, Public Health, Base Sequence, Geography, Models, Biological, Influenza, Human, Biological Evolution, Pandemics, Epidemiological Monitoring, emergence, evolutionary biology, genomics, human, infectious disease, influenza, microbiology, pandemic, viruses, Models, Biological, Influenza, Human, Biochemistry and Cell Biology
Abstract

Assessing the pandemic risk posed by specific non-human influenza A viruses is an important goal in public health research. As influenza virus genome sequencing becomes cheaper, faster, and more readily available, the ability to predict pandemic potential from sequence data could transform pandemic influenza risk assessment capabilities. However, the complexities of the relationships between virus genotype and phenotype make such predictions extremely difficult. The integration of experimental work, computational tool development, and analysis of evolutionary pathways, together with refinements to influenza surveillance, has the potential to transform our ability to assess the risks posed to humans by non-human influenza viruses and lead to improved pandemic preparedness and response.

Published
2014

23. Use of Influenza Risk Assessment Tool for Prepandemic Preparedness

Author

Burke, Stephen A. and Trock, Susan C.

Subjects
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Vaccines -- Health aspects, Epidemics -- Development and progression -- China -- Health aspects, Avian influenza -- Development and progression -- Health aspects, Public health -- Health aspects, Medical research -- Health aspects, Infection -- Development and progression -- Health aspects, Avian influenza viruses -- Health aspects, Risk assessment -- Health aspects, Health, World Health Organization
Abstract

Planning and preparation for influenza pandemics are major challenges to public health authorities for many reasons, not the least of which is the inherent variability and unpredictability of the influenza [...]

Published
2018

26. Supplementary Tables 1-2 from Fc Optimization of Therapeutic Antibodies Enhances Their Ability to Kill Tumor Cells In vitro and Controls Tumor Expansion In vivo via Low-Affinity Activating Fcγ Receptors

Author

Stavenhagen, Jeffrey B., primary, Gorlatov, Sergey, primary, Tuaillon, Nadine, primary, Rankin, Christopher T., primary, Li, Hua, primary, Burke, Stephen, primary, Huang, Ling, primary, Johnson, Syd, primary, Bonvini, Ezio, primary, and Koenig, Scott, primary

Published
2023
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27. Supplementary Methods from Fc Optimization of Therapeutic Antibodies Enhances Their Ability to Kill Tumor Cells In vitro and Controls Tumor Expansion In vivo via Low-Affinity Activating Fcγ Receptors

Author

Stavenhagen, Jeffrey B., primary, Gorlatov, Sergey, primary, Tuaillon, Nadine, primary, Rankin, Christopher T., primary, Li, Hua, primary, Burke, Stephen, primary, Huang, Ling, primary, Johnson, Syd, primary, Bonvini, Ezio, primary, and Koenig, Scott, primary

Published
2023
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30. Comparative analytical evaluation of the respiratory TaqMan Array Card with real-time PCR and commercial multi-pathogen assays

Author

Harvey, John J., Chester, Stephanie, Burke, Stephen A., Ansbro, Marisela, Aden, Tricia, Gose, Remedios, Sciulli, Rebecca, Bai, Jing, DesJardin, Lucy, Benfer, Jeffrey L., Hall, Joshua, Smole, Sandra, Doan, Kimberly, Popowich, Michael D., St. George, Kirsten, Quinlan, Tammy, Halse, Tanya A., Li, Zhen, Pérez-Osorio, Ailyn C., Glover, William A., Russell, Denny, Reisdorf, Erik, Whyte, Thomas, Jr., Whitaker, Brett, Hatcher, Cynthia, Srinivasan, Velusamy, Tatti, Kathleen, Tondella, Maria Lucia, Wang, Xin, Winchell, Jonas M., Mayer, Leonard W., Jernigan, Daniel, and Mawle, Alison C.

Published
2016
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31. Pandemic Preparedness and the Influenza Risk Assessment Tool (IRAT)

Author

Cox, Nancy J., Trock, Susan C., Burke, Stephen A., Compans, Richard W, Series editor, Cooper, Max D., Series editor, Gleba, Yuri Y., Series editor, Honjo, Tasuku, Series editor, Oldstone, Michael B. A., Series editor, Vogt, Peter K., Series editor, Malissen, Bernard, Series editor, Aktories, Klaus, Series editor, Kawaoka, Yoshihiro, Series editor, Rappuoli, Rino, Series editor, Galan, Jorge E., Series editor, Ahmed, Rafi, Series editor, and Compans, Richard W., editor

Published
2014
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35. Proposed Method for Probabilistic Energy Simulations for Multi-Family Dwellings

Author

Burke Stephen, Carling Pär, Davidsson Henrik, Davidsson Kristin, Ekström Tomas, Harderup Lars-Erik, Kronvall Johnny, Sahlin Per, Sundling Rikard, and Wiktorsson Magnus

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

As regulations regarding energy use and emissions of CO2 equivalents in buildings become more stringent, the need for more accurate tools and improved methods for predicting these parameters in building performance simulations increases. In the first part of this project, a probabilistic method was developed and applied to the transient energy calculations and evaluated using a single-family dwelling case study. The method was used to successfully predict the variation of the energy use in 26 houses built in the same residential area and with identical building characteristics and services. This project continues the development and testing of the probabilistic method for energy calculations by applying it to a multi-family building. The complexity of the building model increases as the multi-family model consists of 52 zones, compared to the single-zone model used for the single-family dwelling. The multi-family model also includes additional parameters that are evaluated, such as the domestic hot water circulation losses. This paper presents the probabilistic method applied to the building performance simulations used to predict the energy use for the multi-family building and discusses the differences between the previous and new method used in this study.

Published
2020
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36. Proposed method for probabilistic risk analysis using building performance simulations and stochastic parameters

Author

Ekström Tomas, Burke Stephen, Harderup Lars-Erik, and Arfvidsson Jesper

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

As parts of the world continue the work of mitigating the impact of climate change, many countries strive for continued reductions in energy demand from buildings by implementing more stringent building regulations. Consequently, the importance of accurate and efficient building performance simulations to predict the energy use of a building design increases. As observed in earlier studies, there are performance gaps between the predicted annual energy demand from building energy performance simulations based on deterministic methods compared to the monitored annual energy use of a building. This paper presents a preliminary method developed using probabilistic methods for risk analysis and building performance simulations to predict the energy performance of buildings using stochastic parameters. The method is used to calculate the probability for the energy performance of a building design to fulfil the energy requirements. The consequences are quantified using an example of energy performance contracting to evaluate the inherent risk of a building’s design. The method was demonstrated in a case study and validated by comparing the results in energy performance and probability of failure against measured data from 26 single-family houses.

Published
2020
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37. Mapping of Domestic Hot Water Circulation Losses in Buildings – Preliminary Results from 134 Measurements

Author

Burke Stephen, von Seth Jonatan, Ekström Tomas, Maljanovski Christoffer, and Wiktorsson Magnus

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

The hot water circulation system in a building is a system which helps prevent Legionella problems whilst ensuring that tenants have access to hot water quickly. Poorly designed or implemented systems not only increase the risk to people’s health and thermal comfort, but even result in an increase in the energy needed for this system to function properly. Results from previous studies showed that the total hot water circulation system loss can be as high as 25 kWh/m2 heated floor area per year. The purpose of this project is to measure the total energy use per year of the hot water circulation system in about 200 multifamily dwellings of different ages to verify that a system loss of 4 kWh/m2, year is a realistic assumption for both newer and older/retrofitted buildings. The preliminary results from the first 134 measurements showed that the assumption of 4 kWh/m2, year is rarely fulfilled. An average energy use of more than three times this is more common, even in newer buildings. Whilst some of the total energy lost is used to heat the buildings, it is not desirable because it is an uncontrolled energy flow.

Published
2020
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39. EXPLORATION NOW

Author

Munro, Scott and Burke, Stephen

Published
2014

43. Development of framework for assessing Influenza Virus Pandemic Risk

Author

Trock, Susan C., Burke, Stephen A., and Cox, Nancy J.

Subjects
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Epidemics, Swine influenza, Risk assessment -- Comparative analysis -- Health aspects, Infection, Health
Abstract

Pandemic influenza remains a formidable threat to human health. Advances in national pandemic preparedness have been made during recent decades; however, the frequent infection of humans with novel influenza viruses [...]

Published
2015
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45. Initial Public Health Response and Interim Clinical Guidance for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak — United States, December 31, 2019–February 4, 2020

Author

Patel, Anita, Jernigan, Daniel B., Abdirizak, Fatuma, Abedi, Glen, Aggarwal, Sharad, Albina, Denise, Allen, Elizabeth, Andersen, Lauren, Anderson, Jade, Anderson, Megan, Anderson, Tara, Anderson, Kayla, Bardossy, Ana Cecilia, Barry, Vaughn, Beer, Karlyn, Bell, Michael, Berger, Sherri, Bertulfo, Joseph, Biggs, Holly, Bornemann, Jennifer, Bornstein, Josh, Bower, Willie, Bresee, Joseph, Brown, Clive, Budd, Alicia, Buigut, Jennifer, Burke, Stephen, Burke, Rachel, Burns, Erin, Butler, Jay, Cantrell, Russell, Cardemil, Cristina, Cates, Jordan, Cetron, Marty, Chatham-Stephens, Kevin, Chatham-Stevens, Kevin, Chea, Nora, Christensen, Bryan, Chu, Victoria, Clarke, Kevin, Cleveland, Angela, Cohen, Nicole, Cohen, Max, Cohn, Amanda, Collins, Jennifer, Dahl, Rebecca, Daley, Walter, Dasari, Vishal, Davlantes, Elizabeth, Dawson, Patrick, Delaney, Lisa, Donahue, Matthew, Dowell, Chad, Dyal, Jonathan, Edens, William, Eidex, Rachel, Epstein, Lauren, Evans, Mary, Fagan, Ryan, Farris, Kevin, Feldstein, Leora, Fox, LeAnne, Frank, Mark, Freeman, Brandi, Fry, Alicia, Fuller, James, Galang, Romeo, Gerber, Sue, Gokhale, Runa, Goldstein, Sue, Gorman, Sue, Gregg, William, Greim, William, Grube, Steven, Hall, Aron, Haynes, Amber, Hill, Sherrasa, Hornsby-Myers, Jennifer, Hunter, Jennifer, Ionta, Christopher, Isenhour, Cheryl, Jacobs, Max, Slifka, Kara Jacobs, Jernigan, Daniel, Jhung, Michael, Jones-Wormley, Jamie, Kambhampati, Anita, Kamili, Shifaq, Kennedy, Pamela, Kent, Charlotte, Killerby, Marie, Kim, Lindsay, Kirking, Hannah, Koonin, Lisa, Koppaka, Ram, Kosmos, Christine, Kuhar, David, Kuhnert-Tallman, Wendi, Kujawski, Stephanie, Kumar, Archana, Landon, Alexander, Lee, Leslie, Leung, Jessica, Lindstrom, Stephen, Link-Gelles, Ruth, Lively, Joana, Lu, Xiaoyan, Lynch, Brian, Malapati, Lakshmi, Mandel, Samantha, Manns, Brian, Marano, Nina, Marlow, Mariel, Marston, Barbara, McClung, Nancy, McClure, Liz, McDonald, Emily, McGovern, Oliva, Messonnier, Nancy, Midgley, Claire, Moulia, Danielle, Murray, Janna, Noelte, Kate, Noonan-Smith, Michelle, Nordlund, Kristen, Norton, Emily, Oliver, Sara, Pallansch, Mark, Parashar, Umesh, Patel, Manisha, Pettrone, Kristen, Pierce, Taran, Pietz, Harald, Pillai, Satish, Radonovich, Lewis, Reagan-Steiner, Sarah, Reel, Amy, Reese, Heather, Rha, Brian, Ricks, Philip, Rolfes, Melissa, Roohi, Shahrokh, Roper, Lauren, Rotz, Lisa, Routh, Janell, Sakthivel, Senthil Kumar, Sarmiento, Luisa, Schindelar, Jessica, Schneider, Eileen, Schuchat, Anne, Scott, Sarah, Shetty, Varun, Shockey, Caitlin, Shugart, Jill, Stenger, Mark, Stuckey, Matthew, Sunshine, Brittany, Sykes, Tamara, Trapp, Jonathan, Uyeki, Timothy, Vahey, Grace, Valderrama, Amy, Villanueva, Julie, Walker, Tunicia, Wallace, Megan, Wang, Lijuan, Watson, John, Weber, Angie, Weinbaum, Cindy, Weldon, William, Westnedge, Caroline, Whitaker, Brett, Whitaker, Michael, Williams, Alcia, Williams, Holly, Willams, Ian, Wong, Karen, Xie, Amy, and Yousef, Anna

Subjects
Health (social science), Epidemiology, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Immigration, 030230 surgery, 01 natural sciences, Disease Outbreaks, 0302 clinical medicine, State (polity), Health Information Management, Interim, Health care, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Infection control, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Full Report, media_common, Transmission (medicine), Health Policy, General Medicine, ComputingMilieux_GENERAL, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Public Health, Medical emergency, Epidemiological Monitoring, Coronavirus Infections, Mainland China, medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, Pneumonia, Viral, Disease cluster, Health(social science), Betacoronavirus, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, 0101 mathematics, China, Pandemics, Health policy, Infection Control, Transplantation, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Public health, 010102 general mathematics, COVID-19, Outbreak, medicine.disease, United States, Family medicine, Reports from the Cdc: MMWR, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S, business
Abstract

On December 31, 2019, Chinese health officials reported a cluster of cases of acute respiratory illness in persons associated with the Hunan seafood and animal market in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, in central China. On January 7, 2020, Chinese health officials confirmed that a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was associated with this initial cluster (1). As of February 4, 2020, a total of 20,471 confirmed cases, including 2,788 (13.6%) with severe illness,* and 425 deaths (2.1%) had been reported by the National Health Commission of China (2). Cases have also been reported in 26 locations outside of mainland China, including documentation of some person-to-person transmission and one death (2). As of February 4, 11 cases had been reported in the United States. On January 30, the World Health Organization (WHO) Director-General declared that the 2019-nCoV outbreak constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.† On January 31, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary declared a U.S. public health emergency to respond to 2019-nCoV.§ Also on January 31, the president of the United States signed a "Proclamation on Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Nonimmigrants of Persons who Pose a Risk of Transmitting 2019 Novel Coronavirus," which limits entry into the United States of persons who traveled to mainland China to U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents and their families (3). CDC, multiple other federal agencies, state and local health departments, and other partners are implementing aggressive measures to slow transmission of 2019-nCoV in the United States (4,5). These measures require the identification of cases and their contacts in the United States and the appropriate assessment and care of travelers arriving from mainland China to the United States. These measures are being implemented in anticipation of additional 2019-nCoV cases in the United States. Although these measures might not prevent the eventual establishment of ongoing, widespread transmission of the virus in the United States, they are being implemented to 1) slow the spread of illness; 2) provide time to better prepare health care systems and the general public to be ready if widespread transmission with substantial associated illness occurs; and 3) better characterize 2019-nCoV infection to guide public health recommendations and the development of medical countermeasures including diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. Public health authorities are monitoring the situation closely. As more is learned about this novel virus and this outbreak, CDC will rapidly incorporate new knowledge into guidance for action by CDC and state and local health departments.

Published
2020

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