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Ectothermic animals are particularly sensitive to thermal changes, as their body temperature follows external temperatures (Angilletta et al., 2002). Hence, the changes in ambient temperature projected with climate change may dramatically impact these organisms. For instance, future temperatures may exceed the temperatures ectotherms can tolerate (Sunday et al., 2014) or fall outside their preferred temperature range (Clusella-Trullas et al., 2011). Yet, plastic responses, such as thermal acclimation, might provide physiological adjustments to buffer effects of environmental changes (Morley et al., 2019). Thermal acclimation refers to a reversible plastic adjustment of thermal performance in response to chronic exposure to different temperatures. For instance, animals maintained at warm temperatures may display higher thermal limits (Gunderson & Stillman, 2015) and thermal preference (Crickenberger et al., 2020) than animals acclimated to low temperatures. This form of thermal plasticity may buffer environmental changes, and/or afford species added time for genetic adaptation (Morley et al. 2019). Comprehensively understanding the factors that modulate ectotherms’ acclimation capacity is crucial for modelling the biological responses of these animals to climate change. Although males and females differ in a range of physiological, behavioural, and developmental traits (Millington & Rideout, 2018; Stillwell et al., 2010; Tarka et al., 2018), to our knowledge, there exists no systematic review that aimed to quantify differences in thermal plasticity between sexes. This knowledge is of prime interest, as differences in plasticity between sexes could result in survival and selection disparity between males and females, impacting sex ratio and population dynamics in a changing world. Our primary research question (1.) is to determine whether males and females differ in their thermal acclimation capacity. We will also test for the influence of a number of variables (moderators) that could modulate the sex-specificity of thermal acclimation response: 2. The type of measured response (outcome) variable:  lower thermal limit (LTL)  upper thermal limit (UTL)  preferred body temperature (PBT) 3. The species habitat:  aquatic  terrestrial 4. The species taxonomic group:  vertebrate  invertebrate 5. The origin of studied animals:  wild (recently collected from the wild)  lab (born in the laboratory) 6. The latitude at which animals were collected from the wild 7. The extent of sexual size dimorphism between females and males 8. The duration of thermal acclimation 9. The heating/cooling rate (i.e. ramping rate) during thermal tolerance assessment By performing analyses with each outcome variable (LTL, UTL, PBT), we will also determine (10.) whether the above moderators (3-9) differently affect lower thermal limits, upper thermal limits, and preferred body temperatures.

Ectothermic animals represent most of the animal diversity on the planet and yet, are the most challenged by climate change. The body temperature of these animals closely tracks environmental temperatures and the forecasted changes in climate may subject them to overheating. Fortunately, plastic shifts in heat tolerance may provide buffer against climate change. The capacity for adult ectotherms to adjust their heat tolerance is now recognized. However, little emphasis has been given to earlier life stages. Contrary to adults who can behaviourally thermoregulate, some life stages have no alternative but to cope with the temperatures of the microhabitat in which they settle. In this context, early adjustments in thermal tolerance are crucial for ensuring survival in a changing world. Moreover, because the conditions experienced during development often persistently influence later phenotypes, developmental plasticity may program the heat tolerance of adults – and potentially bias current forecasting of climate change impacts based on thermal tolerance. To address this knowledge gap, we systematically reviewed studies quantifying the heat tolerance of ectotherms raised at different developmental temperatures. We will meta-analyse the state of the experimental evidence to determine the extent to which developmental temperature influence heat tolerance. Then, we will determine whether these effects are persistent, vary between taxonomic groups and habitats, and identify further sources of heterogeneity between studies.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-ine-10.1177_15910199221117921 for Treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms using the novel generation of flow-diverters with surface modification: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Andre Monteiro1, Asham Khan, Brianna M Donnelly, Cathleen C Kuo, Samantha M Burke, Muhammad Waqas, Steven B Housley, Justin M Cappuzzo, Jason M Davies, Kenneth V Snyder, Elad I Levy and Adnan H Siddiqui in Interventional Neuroradiology

Anthropogenic sources of chloride in a lake catchment, including road salt, fertilizer, and wastewater, can elevate the chloride concentration in freshwater lakes above background levels. Rising chloride concentrations can impact lake ecology and ecosystem services such as fisheries and the use of lakes as drinking water sources. To analyze the spatial extent and magnitude of increasing chloride concentrations in freshwater lakes, we amassed a database of 529 lakes in Europe and North America that had greater than or equal to ten years of chloride data. For each lake, we calculated climate statistics of mean annual total precipitation and mean monthly air temperatures from gridded global datasets. We also quantified land cover metrics, including road density and impervious surface, in buffer zones of 100 to 1,500m surrounding the perimeter of each lake. This database represents the largest global collection of lake chloride data. We hope that long-term water quality measurements in areas outside Europe and North America can be added to the database as they become available in the future.