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The effects of 1% biofilm (ParkaTM) treatment regimes, initiated three (biofilm-3), two (biofilm-2), and one week (biofilm-1) prior to the commercial harvest, on fruit quality traits during the postharvest storage stage were investigated in this study. The treated fruit were stored at 0 ± 0.5°C and 90 ± 5% RH for 21 days. The application of biofilm treatments had no discernible effect on weight loss. In fact, biofilm-1 was found to have the opposite effect, resulting in increased weight loss. Respiration rates of biofilm-treated fruit were generally higher than those of control. Firmness of the biofilm treatments was higher than that of the control, both at harvest and during storage. Red coloration of the fruit was delayed by the biofilm treatments. Biofilm treatments caused a significant increase in the SSC of the fruit. The acidity of the control was lower than that of the biofilm treatments from the time of harvest until the 14th d. At the end of 21 d, there was no significant difference in acidity between the treatments. The effects of the treatments on vitamin C differed according to the date of measurement. At the end of storage, vitamin C was higher in fruit treated with biofilm-1 and biofilm-2. All biofilm treatments caused a significant increase in total phenolics, total flavonoids, anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity of the fruit, which was more evident in the biofilm-1 treatment. The results showed that biofilm treatments were more effective in maintaining fruit firmness and bioactive compounds during storage.

Abstract Background The changes in the physical structures of the products are the first things that consumers pay attention to. Therefore, it is essential and significant importance to take measures to improve the storage conditions of products and to minimize quality losses. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of agro-ecological conditions on bioactive compounds and fruit quality of kiwifruit during cold storage. The ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit cultivar grown in Ordu, Giresun, Samsun, Rize, and Yalova provinces of Türkiye were kept at 0 ± 0.5 °C and relative humidity of 90 ± 5% for 150 d. Results The kiwifruit obtained from the provinces of Yalova, Ordu, and Giresun experienced the least weight loss during cold storage. Kiwifruit from Samsun and Yalova provinces had the lowest fruit firmness, while those from Giresun had the highest on 150th d. The changes were observed in the skin and flesh colors of the kiwifruit belonging to all cultivation areas. The amount of vitamin C increased throughout the study in all ecological conditions, but the Yalova province’s kiwifruit was found to have the highest levels. Additionally, in all ecologies, kiwifruit showed an increase in antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and total flavonoids, all known to have beneficial effects on human health. The total antioxidant activity and total phenolics were highest in the kiwifruit of Yalova province, but the total flavonoids were found in the kiwifruit of Rize and Ordu provinces. Conclusion The study’s results revealed that kiwifruit’s bioactive compounds and quality parameters may vary depending on the cultivation area. Additionally, it can be stated that Yalova province kiwifruit experiences the least amount of postharvest quality losses.

Abstract Background Fruit cracking impacts the quality of sweet cherry, significantly affecting its marketability due to increased susceptibility to injury, aesthetic flaws, and susceptibility to pathogens. The effect of 1% biofilm (Parka™) application regimes on fruit cracking and other quality parameters in the ‘0900 Ziraat’ cherry cultivar was investigated in this study. Fruit sprayed with water were served as control (U1). Fruit treated only once with biofilm three, two and one week before the commercial harvest were considered as U2, U3 and U4, respectively. Fruit treated with biofilm three, two, and one week before harvest were considered as U5; three and two week before harvest as U6; two and one week before harvest as U7; and fruit treated three and one week before harvest as U8. Results In both measurement periods, the lower cracking index was obtained in biofilm-treated sweet cherry fruit. However, the firmness of biofilm-treated fruit was higher than that of the control fruit. The lowest respiration rate was observed in U7, while the highest weight was recorded in U4 and U5 than the control. The biofilm application decreased fruit coloration. The biofilm application also increased the soluble solids content of the fruit. The U2, U3 and U4 applications at harvest showed higher titratable acidity than the control. In both measurement periods, the vitamin C content of the U2, U5, U6, U7 and U8 applications was found to be higher than that of the control. The total monomeric anthocyanin of the U3 and U8 applications was higher than that of the control. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the U2, U3 and U5 in the DPPH, and the U7 and U8 in FRAP were measured higher thanthat of the control. Conclusions The application of biofilms has the potential to mitigate fruit cracking, prolong postharvest life of sweet cherries, and enhance fruit firmness.

Due to an aging population, advances in multiple medical fields, and shifts among indications for surgery, liver and kidney transplantation is increasingly pursued for elderly patients (aged 65 or greater). Elderly patients represent a uniquely vulnerable group, but overall, they appear to have similar outcomes compared to younger patients. As demographics continue to trend to an older median age, physicians and health care systems must be prepared to take care of elderly transplant candidates.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of harvest time on the protein, oil, fatty acids and bioactive compounds in hazelnut cultivars (Corylus avellana L. cvs. ‘Tombul’, ‘Palaz’, ‘Çakıldak’, ‘Okay 28’ and ‘Allahverdi’). The harvest was carried out at 7 different periods with weekly intervals from 20 July to 31 August. As the harvest time progressed, increases and decreases were detected in protein, oil, fatty acids and bioactive compounds. The highest oil content was measured in the H5 and H6 harvest periods. The highest content was determined in H3 for oleic acid. Higher total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity were obtained in the first 3 harvest periods than in the other periods. The present findings revealed that the protein, fatty acids and bioactive compounds in hazelnut cultivars may differ according to the harvest time. The results obtained will provide clearer ideas to both the industry and the producers about the optimum harvest time for the intended use of these cultivars.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pre-harvest gibberellic acid (GA3) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) and post-harvest modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) applications on fruit quality of sweet cherry during the cold storage. At the end of the cold storage, GA3+CaCl2 applications in MAP-applied fruit and CaCl2 in non-MAP-applied fruit significantly delayed weight loss compared to the control. During the cold storage, the decay of CaCl2-applied fruit has not been observed. At the end of cold storage, the a* and firmness values of the fruit treated with GA3 and CaCl2 were significantly higher than the control. The CaCl2-applied fruit had less soluble solids than the control, but they had significantly higher acidity compared to other applications. In MAP, GA3- and CaCl2-applied fruit had higher vitamin C and antioxidant activity values than the control fruit, but their total phenolics were higher. However, the total flavonoids of CaCl2-applied fruit were higher than the control. On fruit in non-MAP, with GA3 application, less anthocyanin was obtained compared to the control. As a result, GA3-treated fruit had a relatively lower bioactive compound content compared to the fruit of the CaCl2 and control applications both during the harvest and the cold storage. However, it has been revealed that GA3 and CaCl2 applications can be used as significant pre-harvest tools to delay the loss of the fruit firmness.

The effect of Aloe vera application (33% and 66% as dipping, AV) on ‘Bluecrop’ blueberry’s (Vaccinium corymbosum) quality properties such as weight loss, respiration rate, fruit color, soluble solids content (SSC), acidity, phytochemical components (vitamin C, total phenolics, and total flavonoids) and antioxidant activity was investigated during the cold storage (at 0 ± 0.5°C and 90 ± 5% RH) for 28 days. During cold storage, significantly lower weight loss was recorded in fruit treated with AV compared to control. At the end of the cold storage, the weight loss was 20% lower in AV treated fruits and AV concentration was not effective in weight loss. On the contrary, the respiration rate (except for the 7th day) and fruit firmness were higher in these fruit. It was observed that color changes were less in AV-treated fruit during storage. In general, AV-treated fruit had significantly lower SSC, while acidity and vitamin C were higher. Moreover, 66% AV application was more effective in delaying the loss of vitamin C at the end of storage. During cold storage, 33% AV-treated fruit had significantly higher total phenolics (except day 28) and total flavonoids content compared to control. In the last two measurements of the cold storage, it was determined that fruit dipped in AV had higher antioxidant activity (both DPPH and FRAP assays) compared to control fruit. As a result, it was revealed that postharvest AV gel applications can be used as an effective postharvest tool to delay the loss of quality, the loss of phytochemical components and antioxidant activity of the blueberry fruit.

Respiration can positively influence cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in the brain, yet its effects on central nervous system (CNS) fluid homeostasis, including waste clearance function via glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems, remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of supporting respiratory function via continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on glymphatic-lymphatic function in spontaneously breathing anesthetized rodents. To do this, we used a systems approach combining engineering, MRI, computational fluid dynamics analysis, and physiological testing. We first designed a nasal CPAP device for use in the rat and demonstrated that it functioned similarly to clinical devices, as evidenced by its ability to open the upper airway, augment end-expiratory lung volume, and improve arterial oxygenation. We further showed that CPAP increased CSF flow speed at the skull base and augmented glymphatic transport regionally. The CPAP-induced augmented CSF flow speed was associated with an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP), including the ICP waveform pulse amplitude. We suggest that the augmented pulse amplitude with CPAP underlies the increase in CSF bulk flow and glymphatic transport. Our results provide insights into the functional crosstalk at the pulmonary-CSF interface and suggest that CPAP might have therapeutic benefit for sustaining glymphatic-lymphatic function.

ABSTRACT Both ‘0900 Ziraat’ and ‘Regina’ grafted on ‘Krymsk 5’, or ‘Piku 1’ rootstocks were trained to either Upright Fruiting Offshoots (UFO), Super Slender Axe (SSA) or Kym Green Bush (KGB) training systems. Vegetative growth of the tree, determined by measuring trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), canopy volume and leaf area, differed significantly, depending on the cultivar x rootstock x training system combination. In general, ‘Krymsk 5’ rootstock resulted in trees with significantly thicker trunks (TCSA: 37.75 cm2) and increased leaf area (up to 86.97 cm2). Fruit weight and fruit quality parameters including Hunter a*, firmness, TSS and acidity were variable between rootstocks and training systems and often not significantly different between treatments. In some years however, significant differences were highly dependent on the training system and rootstock interactions. Higher concentrations of bioactive phytochemical concentrations for total monomeric anthocyanin and antioxidant concentrations were mostly associated with the UFO training system in conjunction with the ‘Krymsk 5’ rootstock suggesting that these are linked to increased tree vigour and increased leaf surface area.

The kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. ‘Hayward’), which shows climacteric characteristics, continues to ripen after harvest. In this process, quality losses occur in fruits, and this causes economic losses. The post-harvest storage conditions are essential in preventing these losses. The main purpose of this study was to assess the effect of agro-ecological conditions on quality traits and bioactive compounds of the kiwifruit throughout the shelf life. In this study, kiwifruit grown in 5 different locations (Ordu, Giresun, Rize, Samsun, and Yalova) constituted the plant material of the study. The fruits treated with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) were stored at 0 ± 0.5 °C and 90 ± 5% relative humidity (RH) for 150 days in cold storage. For shelf life measurements, fruits were kept at 20 ± 1 °C and 65 ± 5% RH for 5 d. Quality analysis was performed at monthly intervals (at harvest, 30th, 60th, 90th, 120th, and 150th d). In this study, the lowest respiration rate at the end of the shelf life was measured in kiwifruit grown in Yalova. Flesh firmness was higher in kiwifruit grown in Rize, Ordu, and Giresun than Samsun. In all periods, Yalova’s L* value in flesh was higher than that of Ordu. The opposite situation was observed for the hue angle. The soluble solids content (SSC) values measured in Samsun and Yalova were higher than in Ordu and Rize. In the last four measurements, higher vitamin C was detected in Yalova than in Ordu, Rize and Giresun. In all periods, the highest total phenolics and antioxidant activity (in DPPH assay) were obtained in kiwifruit grown in Yalova. On the contrary, the highest flavonoids were measured in kiwifruit grown in Ordu. As a result, it was revealed that agro-ecological conditions may affect the quality traits and bioactive compounds of kiwifruit.

The choroid plexus (ChP) of the cerebral ventricles is a source of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production and also plays a key role in immune surveillance at the level of blood-to-CSF-barrier (BCSFB). In this study, we quantify ChP blood perfusion and BCSFB mediated water exchange from arterial blood into ventricular CSF using non-invasive continuous arterial spin labelling magnetic resonance imaging (CASL-MRI). Systemic administration of anti-diuretic hormone (vasopressin) was used to validate BCSFB water flow as a metric of choroidal CSF secretory function. To further investigate the coupling between ChP blood perfusion and BCSFB water flow, we characterized the effects of two anesthetic regimens known to have large-scale differential effects on cerebral blood flow. For quantification of ChP blood perfusion a multi-compartment perfusion model was employed, and we discovered that partial volume correction improved measurement accuracy. Vasopressin significantly reduced both ChP blood perfusion and BCSFB water flow. ChP blood perfusion was significantly higher with pure isoflurane anesthesia (2-2.5%) when compared to a balanced anesthesia with dexmedetomidine and low-dose isoflurane (1.0 %), and significant correlation between ChP blood perfusion and BCSFB water flow was observed, however there was no significant difference in BCSFB water flow. In summary, here we introduce a non-invasive, robust, and spatially resolved in vivo imaging platform to quantify ChP blood perfusion as well as BCSFB water flow which can be applied to study coupling of these two key parameters in future clinical translational studies.

The study was carried out to determine fruit quality characteristics in 'Uzun' pistachio cultivar grafted on terebinth rootstock (P. terebinthus L.) in Suşehri under Central Kelkit Basin (Turkey) ecological conditions in 2017. In the study, it was determined that the ratio of the split fruit was 80%; the blank fruit ratio was 8%; nut weight was 0.93 g; kernel weight was 0.50 g and kernel ratio was 53.8%. As a result of analyses, it was assessed that the fruit consists of 19.39% protein, 3.74% moisture, 2.38% ash, 53.30% fat, 7182.45 mg kg–1 potassium, 4046.79 mg kg–1 phosphorus, 1592.96 mg kg–1 calcium, 974.35 mg kg–1 magnesium, 16.14 mg kg–1 iron, 4.42 mg kg–1 manganese, 11.38 mg kg–1 copper and 27.05 mg kg–1 zinc. It was determined that the total phenolic content was 1989.8 mg GAE kg–1 dw, the total flavonoid content was 363.0 mg QE kg–1 dw; DPPH was 30.9 mmol TE kg–1 dw; FRAP was 36.2 mmol TE kg–1 dw.

The study was conducted in 2017 in the district of Sivas. In the study, 20 genotypes, which are considered to be different from each other, taking into account the fruit characteristics such as color and size and shape, were determined from the hawthorns that were naturally grown in the flora of Suşheri. At harvest time, the fruit, which would be adequate for pomological and biochemical measurements and analyzes, was harvested. According to the results of the measurements and analyzes in the study, fruit weight was found to vary between 0.68 g and 6.35 g, fruit width was between 10.52 and 29.48 mm and fruit length was between 11.40 and 20.67 mm. The highest firmness values were recorded with the genotype (G) 20 genotype, while the G4 had the lowest values in terms of the firmness values of the fruit flesh. While there are no significant differences between the pH values of the genotypes, the differences between the genotypes in terms of SSC, TA and vitamin C contents are quite significant. It has been found that there are significant differences between the genotypes in terms of total phenolic, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content ranged from 218.8 (G17) to 605.8 (G5 and G8) mg GAE kg–1 f.w., while the lowest total flavonoid content was 21.58 (G 17) and the highest total flavonoid content was 67.75 (G9) mg GAE kg–1 f.w. When the antioxidant activity was evaluated, the DPPH values were 1.08 (G17) – 15.43 (14) mmol TE kg–1 f.w., the FRAP values were 15.43 (G16) – 47.23 (G8) mmol TE kg–1 f.w. respectively.

The effects of combined aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) treatments on quality attributes of ‘0900 Ziraat’ sweet cherry fruit during the cold storage and shelf life were investigated in this study. Significantly lower weight loss and decay ratios were observed in all treatments throughout the cold storage period as compared to the control. A similar case was also observed referring to the shelf life. MAP treatments were found to be more effective in retarding the weight loss and decay ratio. Higher hue angle values were measured from AVG-treated fruit at harvest. Similarly, hue angle of AVG and MAP-treated fruit were also higher than for the control in all periods of cold storage and on the 7th and 21st day of shelf life. AVG-treated fruit had higher firmness values than the control at harvest. However, higher firmness values were measured from MAP-treated fruit during the cold storage and shelf life. At the end of cold storage, lower SSC and higher titratable acidity values were observed in AVG and MAP-treated fruit than in the control. AVG + MAP treatments yielded significantly higher vitamin C, total phenolics and antioxidant activity values than the control. Contrarily, the control fruit had significantly higher total monomeric anthocyanin than the other treatments. Based on current findings, it was concluded that combined AVG + MAP treatments could be used as a beneficial tool to maintain the quality of sweet cherry fruit throughout the cold storage and shelf life.

Effects of pre-harvest aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, 250 mg L–1) and zinc (0.3% ZnSO4) treatments on pre-harvest fruit drops, internal ethylene concentration (IEC), flesh firmness, color characteristics (L*, chroma and hue angle), soluble solids content (SSC), acidity, total phenolics, antioxidant activity, flesh and leaf micronutrients and macronutrients of ‘William’s Pride’ apples, were investigated in this study. AVG was sprayed 4 weeks before the anticipated harvest date and Zn was sprayed when the fruits reached the size of a walnut. As compared to the control, both the single AVG and zinc treatments significantly reduced the pre-harvest drops. However, combined AVG + Zinc treatments were found to be more effective in reducing the pre-harvest drops. At the last measurement date (15th of August), 60% fruit drop was measured in control, but 22% in AVG + Zinc treatment. AVG and AVG + Zinc treatments reduced ethylene synthesis. On the other hand, single zinc treatments stimulated ethylene synthesis. AVG treatments retarded red skin color development, but zinc treatments again stimulated red color development. As compared to the control and single zinc treatments, AVG-treated fruits had greater firmness and acidity values, but lower SSC values. While AVG treatments increased the total phenolics and antioxidant activity, zinc treatments decreased these attributes. As compared to the control, zinc treatments significantly increased flesh Cu, N, P and K contents and leaf Mn, N and P contents. Based on present findings, it was concluded that AVG could be used as an efficient tool to reduce the pre-harvest drops in apples.

In the study, physico-mechanical properties [geometric mean diameter (Dg), sphericity, surface area, weight (W), bulk and fruit density, color, fruit removal force (FRF), puncture and compression force, puncture and compression deformation, friction coefficient] and biochemical attributes [pH, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), vitamin C, total phenolics (TPs), total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)] of cherry laurel fruits (Prunus laurocerasus) and stones were investigated. Geometric mean diameter, surface area, fruit weight, bulk and fruit density significantly increased, but L*, a* and b* values significantly decreased with the progress of ripening. Fruit removal force decreased from 5.04 N to 3.09 N. On the other hand, W/FRF increased with the progress of harvest date. Static friction coefficient of fruits significantly increased over plywood and silicone surfaces and friction coefficients of stones increased over plywood, galvanized mild steel and silicone surfaces with the progress of harvest date. The pH, SSC, vitamin C, TPs, TMA and TAC (according to FRAP and TEAC assay) values significantly increased with the progress of ripening. It was concluded that fruit maturity stage at harvest had significant impact on physico-mechanical attributes and bioactive compounds of cherry laurel fruits.

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of different AVG (aminoethoxyvinylglycine) treatments on pre-harvest fruit drop rates and ripening levels of ‘Jonagold’ apples. A total of 225 mg L-1 AVG dose was applied at once in a single application at different times or divided into doses and applied different times. Compared to control treatment, entire AVG treatments increased fruit removal force and significantly decreased the pre-harvest drop rates. AVG treatments applied at once (225 mg L-1) 8 or 4 weeks before the anticipated harvest time were found to be more effective than the divided treatments. AVG treatments inhibited ethylene biosynthesis and such an inhibition was more distinctive in single 225 mg L-1 treatments. AVG treatments decreased flesh softening, starch degradation rates and consequently retarded fruit ripening. The 225 mg L-1 AVG treatment applied 4 weeks before the harvest significantly increased L* value and hue angle both in the year 2010 and 2011. NAA (naphtaleneacetic acid) at 10 mg L-1 sprayed 4 and 2 weeks before anticipated harvest was found to be insignificant in control of pre-harvest fruit drops. NAA treatment decreased flesh firmness, and did not have any significant effects on ethylene biosynthesis.

Foram determinados os efeitos do tratamento em pré-colheita com aminoetoxivinilglicina (AVG) nas propriedades bioquímicas, físico-mecânicas e características da cor da maçã ‘Braeburn’. AVG foi aplicado quatro semanas antes da data estimada de colheita, em quatro doses (0, 100, 300 e 500 mgL- 1). Enquanto os menores valores de sólidos solúveis totais e pH foram obtidos no tratamento com 500 mgL-1 AVG, os maiores valores foram obtidos no tratamento com 0 mgL-1 AVG. A acidez titulável foi maior no tratamento com 500 mgL-1 AVG do que nos tratamentos 100 e 300 mgL-1. A maior atividade de fenólicos totais e antioxidantes na polpa e na casca da maçã foi obtida no tratamento com 0 mgL-1 AVG, enquanto que o menor valor foi obtido no tratamento com 500 mgL-1 AVG. Com o aumento das doses de AVG, a antocianina monomérica total foi reduzida. As médias geométricas diâmetro do fruto, massa do fruto, força de remoção de frutas, polpa e casca aumentaram com o aumento das doses de AVG. Os valores do ângulo da matriz de polpa e casca da fruta foram menores no tratamento com 0 mgL-1 AVG.The effect of preharvest AVG (aminoethoxyvinylglycine) treatments on the biochemical, physicomechanical properties and colour characteristics of cv. Braeburn apples were determined. AVG was applied in four different doses (0, 100, 300 and 500 mgL-1 AVG) 4 weeks before the estimated harvest date. While the lowest values of total soluble solid content and pH were obtained from 500 mgL-1 AVG treatment, the highest values were obtained from control. The titratable acidity was higher in 500 mgL-1 AVG treatment than those of the 100 and 300 mgL-1 AVG treatments. The highest total phenolic and antioxidant activity of both flesh and skin apple was obtained from control, whereas lowest value was obtained from 500 mgL-1 AVG treatment. With increasing doses of AVG, the total monomeric anthocyanin was reduced. The geometric means: fruit diameter, fruit mass, fruit removal force, flesh and skin firmnesses increased with increasing doses of AVG. The hue angle values of flesh and skin fruit were lower in control.

In this study, antioxidant activity (AA), total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), individual phenolic compounds (IPCs), vitamin C and six other fruit characteristics including weight loss, flesh firmness, color, soluble solids content (SSC), dry matter and titratable acidity (TA) of Caucasian whortleberry fruits (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.) were determined at harvest and at a week postharvest intervals throughout the cold storage at 0°C for 4 weeks. Significant decreases were observed in fruit weight and flesh firmness during the cold storage period. While L* and chroma values decreased significantly, an increase was observed in hue angle values. Significant increases were observed in dry matter, but decreases were observed in SSC, TA and vitamin C contents. Caucasian whortleberry fruits had quite high polyphenol contents. Total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), antioxidant activity (AA) (according to ABTS+, DPPH· and FRAP antioxidant tests) and individual phenolic compounds (IPCs) significantly decreased throughout the cold storage. Chlorogenic acid was the major phenolic in Caucasian whortleberry fruits. It was concluded that Caucasian whortleberry fruits with high phenolic compound and flavonoid levels might serve a potential antioxidant source.

The role of pre-harvest aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) treatments on bioac-tive compounds, fruit ripening and quality of Japanese plum fruits (Prunus salicina Lin-dell cv. ‘Fortune’) were investigated in this study. Whole trees were sprayed once with an aqueous solution containing AVG (0, 100 and 200 mg L-1) two weeks before the antici-pated commercial harvest. Compared to control treatment, AVG applications retarded fruit ripening and peel red color formation of fortune plum fruits. Respiration rate and ethylene production in fruit were decreased by AVG applications. Respiration rate and ethylene production in control fruit were 57% and 60% higher than those in 200 mg L-1 AVG-treated fruit at the last harvest date respectively. The total phenolics and total anti-oxidant activity were significantly reduced by AVG treatments. Antioxidant activities of fruits treated at the date with AVG were approximate 2 fold higher than those of control fruits at the last harvest date. The chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin and kaempferol contents decreased with both AVG concentrations at all harvest dates.