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Citizen Science als sleutelmethode en versneller in de transitie van Ziekte & Zorg naar Gezondheid & Gedrag

Presentatie SPRONG Bridge2Health studiedag Sportstudies

Presentatie op uitnodiging bij Gemeente Emmen

When the concept of functional food was introduced at the end of last century, food manufacturers started to add health claims to their advertising messages, with the aim of influencing the purchasing behaviour of consumers. To protect citizens against misleading or confusing information, new legislative provisions were introduced and imposed formal approval of nutritional health claims. Food companies faced the challenge with confidence, however in many cases their dossiers did not meet the required scientific level. At the same time pharmaceutical industries seized the opportunity to expand their market segments with relatively little effort, as a simple notification procedure is sufficient for marketing vitamin preparations and dietary supplements. From a nutritional point of view, this focus on health effects of specific foods and dietary supplements risks to push into the background the basic principle that a balanced diet allows healthy people to adequately meet their daily nutritional needs. This concern inspired the creation of a new discipline named Nutrition Economics, aiming to better account for the influence of eating patterns on disease burden and on societal and individual socio-economic consequences of insufficient or unbalanced food intake. Since its introduction in 2011, Nutrition Economics has gradually gained recognition as shown by an analysis of the scientific literature covering the period January 2012-December 2021. The continuously increasing prevalence of food-related chronic conditions threatens the sustainability of health systems, the prosperity of societies and the well-being of individual citizens. We need to make a decisive reversal in preventive public health programs. The integration of Citizen Science in the field of Nutrition Economics offers a new way forward for: - strengthening the relevance of collected nutrition-health data in real-life situations - getting a better insight in the most pertinent levers for successful healthy food promotion - narrowing the know-to-do gap between health policies, population health and the health inequalities that hamper the implementation of successful policies. A structured collaboration between scientific researchers, volunteers from the general public and other stakeholders, offers an unparalleled opportunity to better understand the subjective factors that play a key role in eating behaviour. This approach will be adapted to the complexity of nutritional research, characterized by interactions between diet, lifestyle and multiple other factors in daily life. In addition, active participation of citizen volunteers in such research projects will contribute to raising a better awareness about the crucial importance of daily food for personal well-being. This will enhance the willingness to change behaviour in a more sustainable way and, on the longer term, this will not only benefit healthcare resources, but also socio-economic conditions and the wellbeing of the population at large. Furthermore, increased understanding of nutritional issues among laypersons will gradually offer protection against internet misinformation and make people less receptive to unsubstantiated nutritional blog posts and related social media communication. We cannot afford to continue "eating up" our health, resulting in an excessive (but avoidable) pressure on scarce healthcare resources. Nutritional literacy is the beginning of a healthier and socially more equitable world.

When the concept of functional food was introduced at the end of last century, food manufacturers started to add health claims to their advertising messages, with the aim of influencing the purchasing behaviour of consumers. To protect citizens against misleading or confusing information, new legislative provisions were introduced and imposed formal approval of nutritional health claims. Food companies faced the challenge with confidence, however in many cases their dossiers did not meet the required scientific level. At the same time pharmaceutical industries seized the opportunity to expand their market segments with relatively little effort, as a simple notification procedure is sufficient for marketing vitamin preparations and dietary supplements. From a nutritional point of view, this focus on health effects of specific foods and dietary supplements risks to push into the background the basic principle that a balanced diet allows healthy people to adequately meet their daily nutritional needs. This concern inspired the creation of a new discipline named Nutrition Economics, aiming to better account for the influence of eating patterns on disease burden and on societal and individual socio-economic consequences of insufficient or unbalanced food intake. Since its introduction in 2011, Nutrition Economics has gradually gained recognition as shown by an analysis of the scientific literature covering the period January 2012-December 2021. The continuously increasing prevalence of food-related chronic conditions threatens the sustainability of health systems, the prosperity of societies and the well-being of individual citizens. We need to make a decisive reversal in preventive public health programs. The integration of Citizen Science in the field of Nutrition Economics offers a new way forward for: - strengthening the relevance of collected nutrition-health data in real-life situations - getting a better insight in the most pertinent levers for successful healthy food promotion - narrowing the know-to-do gap between health policies, population health and the health inequalities that hamper the implementation of successful policies. A structured collaboration between scientific researchers, volunteers from the general public and other stakeholders, offers an unparalleled opportunity to better understand the subjective factors that play a key role in eating behaviour. This approach will be adapted to the complexity of nutritional research, characterized by interactions between diet, lifestyle and multiple other factors in daily life. In addition, active participation of citizen volunteers in such research projects will contribute to raising a better awareness about the crucial importance of daily food for personal well-being. This will enhance the willingness to change behaviour in a more sustainable way and, on the longer term, this will not only benefit healthcare resources, but also socio-economic conditions and the wellbeing of the population at large. Furthermore, increased understanding of nutritional issues among laypersons will gradually offer protection against internet misinformation and make people less receptive to unsubstantiated nutritional blog posts and related social media communication. We cannot afford to continue "eating up" our health, resulting in an excessive (but avoidable) pressure on scarce healthcare resources. Nutritional literacy is the beginning of a healthier and socially more equitable world.

One neighborhood in Groningen, the Netherlands, is a neighborhood housing about 12,000 citizens with on average a low-SES background, showing a less healthy and active lifestyle. In the past, initiatives have been undertaken to promote active lifestyle by implementing outdoor facilities stimulating physical activity. However, use of facilities was poor due to lack of citizen involvement. Aim of this project was to engage citizens in the overall process of capturing, plan making and prototyping of concepts for an exercise-friendly physical and social environment. From January 2020 - May 2022 a Living Lab was run following the ‘Our Voice’ citizen science method. Participatory citizen science was applied in which a community of stakeholders (public/private parties) and citizens was built. The community addressed the problem by creating more insight in promoting/degrading features in the neighborhood concerning an active lifestyle. Citizens (n = 40) used the Stanford Neighborhood Discovery Tool, which allowed for systematic observations of the physical environment. Additionally, emergent research walks gave extra information on neighborhood barriers/facilitators next to Discovery Tool data. Collected data allowed citizens to brainstorm on possible solutions in sessions facilitated by the researchers. Solutions were presented to local government and further developed for implementation and realization. Use of the Discovery Tool created an overview of the neighborhood. Based on positive/negative features, new ideas were generated for improving exercise-friendliness. One example was a walking route along art objects in the neighborhood. Furthermore, a citizens work group was formed which discussed this route, and other ideas and prototypes, with local government. This group was also involved in realization of prototypes. Our project resulted in a citizen science approach which can be transferred to other neighborhoods. Use of Discovery Tool showed many benefits for neighborhood plan making. Early and continuous involvement of citizens will lead to more sustainable engagement and is a powerful method to create engagement around societal problems and social innovation in the field of Health Enhancing Physical Activity. A transferable method for neighborhood development based on citizen science was developed. Key feature in our method was integration of design thinking, citizen engagement, and use of digital tools.

Het strategisch project Citizen Science for a Healthy Lifestyle is gestart op 1 november 2019. Het project had als doel: kennis, ervaring, scholing en internationalisering op het thema Citizen Science for Healthy Lifestyle bevorderen. Deze strategische fonds heeft op concrete wijze vorm en inhoud gegeven aan de visie en doelen van het CoE HA. Deze aanvraag heeft mede geleid tot het benoemen van Citizen Science als belangrijke enabler/versneller binnen de visie van het CoE HA. In jaar 1 lag het accent op scholing (expert conference/workshop etc.) en de opzet van een 3-tal pilots. In jaar 2 werd de opgedane kennis en ervaring verwerkt in ontwikkelde onderwijs modules Citizen Science. De Hanzehogeschool stelt zich tot doel waarde en impact te cre ren in Noord-Nederland, met de inzet van onderwijs, onderzoek en innovatie. De strategie van het Centre of Expertise Healthy Ageing (CoE HA) belicht drie thema’s: 1) gelijkheid en participatie in gezondheidszorg, 2) gezonde leefstijl en omgeving, en 3) kwetsbaarheid en passende zorg. Zowel als onderzoek/innovatiestrategie en als middel om burgers en gemeenschappen te betrekken, speelt Citizen Science for health een belangrijke rol in het mogelijk maken en versnellen van processen binnen de drie thema’s. Citizen Science kan gedefinieerd worden als een vorm van onderzoekssamenwerking en co-creatie die burgers betrekt bij onderzoek en innovatie om concrete vraagstukken aan te pakken, en die dus vereist dat niet-professionele bijdragers onderdeel van de samenwerking zijn. Belangrijkste resultaten: • Citizen Science is mede door deze strategische fonds aanvraag en van de drie enablers geworden in de nieuwe CoE HA strategische koers 2021-2026; • Opstart pilots van Living Lab Beweegvriendelijk Vinkhuizen, Living Lab Oldambt Tijd voor Toekomst en Meer Gezonde Jaren Appingedam. Mede door blijvende investering en honorering van Living Labs Sport en Bewegen van ZonMw; Het gaat hier om een netwerksubsidie (8 maanden), lokale verankering (12 maanden) en experiment subsidie (5 maanden); • Integratie Citizen Science in Erasmus+ capacity building project Sustainable Wellbeing (SUSWELL); • Ontwikkeling SPRONG-aanvraag op het thema Citizen Science (deadline 31 mei 2022); • Diverse scholingsactiviteiten en workshops (master HAP, bachelor, docent-onderzoekers van de Healthy Ageing schools, studiedagen) hebben in 2020, 2021 en 2022 plaatsgevonden; • Studie tweedaagse over Citizen Science gehouden voor studenten en docent-onderzoekers CoE HA en KC Noorderruimte; • Samenwerking met Stanford University en Our Voice: Citizen Science for Health Equity network gerealiseerd; • Positioning statement Citizen Science geschreven in NL en EN; • Lid geworden van European Citizen Science Association (ECSA); • Scholingsmateriaal ontwikkeld voor studenten en docent-onderzoekers van de vijf schools vallend onder Healthy Ageing; • Ontwikkeling NWO-subsidie aanvraag maatschappelijk verdien vermogen over citizen-student Science voor studenten welzijn tijdens en na de Corona pandemie (deadline voorjaar 2022); • Postdoc aanstelling Citizen Science vanuit het CoE HA. • Met de Citizen Science scholingsactiviteiten zijn in totaal 270 bachelor studenten, 145 master studenten, 279 docent-onderzoekers, 109 professionals en 180 burgers bereikt verspreid over de verschillende pilots. Aanbevelingen: • Mede op basis van de impact van praktijkgericht onderzoek op praktijk, onderwijs en onderzoek (PRIME-model pagina 29), doorgaan met onderwijs en praktijk ontwikkelingen. De bijdrage aan het wetenschappelijke/onderzoeksdomein op Citizen Science verdient de komende jaren extra aandacht; • Mede op basis van bevindingen visitatie terugkoppeling CoE HA (6-7 april 2022), verder doorontwikkelen tot herkend en erkend expertisecentrum op Citizen Science in de context van (publieke) gezondheidsdomein; • De komende jaren verder investeren in mensen en middelen in Citizen Science zodat het een van de leidende aanpakken wordt binnen onderwijs-onderzoek binnen het CoE HA zodat de Hanze zich ontwikkelt tot een expertisecentrum (o.a. m.b.v. SPRONG); • Komende jaren verder kennis en expertise ontwikkelen op Citizen Science door eigen onderzoek (promovendi/postdocs) en scholing; • Citizen Science integreren in relevante onderzoeksprojectaanvragen; • Citizen Science verder integreren in de drie inhoudelijke thema’s van het CoE HA; • Citizen Science onderwijsmodules en scholingen implementeren in het onderwijs van studenten (bachelors, masters) en bij- en nascholing van docent-onderzoekers.

Het strategisch project Citizen Science for a Healthy Lifestyle is gestart op 1 november 2019. Het project had als doel: kennis, ervaring, scholing en internationalisering op het thema Citizen Science for Healthy Lifestyle bevorderen. Deze strategische fonds heeft op concrete wijze vorm en inhoud gegeven aan de visie en doelen van het CoE HA. Deze aanvraag heeft mede geleid tot het benoemen van Citizen Science als belangrijke enabler/versneller binnen de visie van het CoE HA. In jaar 1 lag het accent op scholing (expert conference/workshop etc.) en de opzet van een 3-tal pilots. In jaar 2 werd de opgedane kennis en ervaring verwerkt in ontwikkelde onderwijs modules Citizen Science. De Hanzehogeschool stelt zich tot doel waarde en impact te cre ren in Noord-Nederland, met de inzet van onderwijs, onderzoek en innovatie. De strategie van het Centre of Expertise Healthy Ageing (CoE HA) belicht drie thema’s: 1) gelijkheid en participatie in gezondheidszorg, 2) gezonde leefstijl en omgeving, en 3) kwetsbaarheid en passende zorg. Zowel als onderzoek/innovatiestrategie en als middel om burgers en gemeenschappen te betrekken, speelt Citizen Science for health een belangrijke rol in het mogelijk maken en versnellen van processen binnen de drie thema’s. Citizen Science kan gedefinieerd worden als een vorm van onderzoekssamenwerking en co-creatie die burgers betrekt bij onderzoek en innovatie om concrete vraagstukken aan te pakken, en die dus vereist dat niet-professionele bijdragers onderdeel van de samenwerking zijn. Belangrijkste resultaten: • Citizen Science is mede door deze strategische fonds aanvraag en van de drie enablers geworden in de nieuwe CoE HA strategische koers 2021-2026; • Opstart pilots van Living Lab Beweegvriendelijk Vinkhuizen, Living Lab Oldambt Tijd voor Toekomst en Meer Gezonde Jaren Appingedam. Mede door blijvende investering en honorering van Living Labs Sport en Bewegen van ZonMw; Het gaat hier om een netwerksubsidie (8 maanden), lokale verankering (12 maanden) en experiment subsidie (5 maanden); • Integratie Citizen Science in Erasmus+ capacity building project Sustainable Wellbeing (SUSWELL); • Ontwikkeling SPRONG-aanvraag op het thema Citizen Science (deadline 31 mei 2022); • Diverse scholingsactiviteiten en workshops (master HAP, bachelor, docent-onderzoekers van de Healthy Ageing schools, studiedagen) hebben in 2020, 2021 en 2022 plaatsgevonden; • Studie tweedaagse over Citizen Science gehouden voor studenten en docent-onderzoekers CoE HA en KC Noorderruimte; • Samenwerking met Stanford University en Our Voice: Citizen Science for Health Equity network gerealiseerd; • Positioning statement Citizen Science geschreven in NL en EN; • Lid geworden van European Citizen Science Association (ECSA); • Scholingsmateriaal ontwikkeld voor studenten en docent-onderzoekers van de vijf schools vallend onder Healthy Ageing; • Ontwikkeling NWO-subsidie aanvraag maatschappelijk verdien vermogen over citizen-student Science voor studenten welzijn tijdens en na de Corona pandemie (deadline voorjaar 2022); • Postdoc aanstelling Citizen Science vanuit het CoE HA. • Met de Citizen Science scholingsactiviteiten zijn in totaal 270 bachelor studenten, 145 master studenten, 279 docent-onderzoekers, 109 professionals en 180 burgers bereikt verspreid over de verschillende pilots. Aanbevelingen: • Mede op basis van de impact van praktijkgericht onderzoek op praktijk, onderwijs en onderzoek (PRIME-model pagina 29), doorgaan met onderwijs en praktijk ontwikkelingen. De bijdrage aan het wetenschappelijke/onderzoeksdomein op Citizen Science verdient de komende jaren extra aandacht; • Mede op basis van bevindingen visitatie terugkoppeling CoE HA (6-7 april 2022), verder doorontwikkelen tot herkend en erkend expertisecentrum op Citizen Science in de context van (publieke) gezondheidsdomein; • De komende jaren verder investeren in mensen en middelen in Citizen Science zodat het een van de leidende aanpakken wordt binnen onderwijs-onderzoek binnen het CoE HA zodat de Hanze zich ontwikkelt tot een expertisecentrum (o.a. m.b.v. SPRONG); • Komende jaren verder kennis en expertise ontwikkelen op Citizen Science door eigen onderzoek (promovendi/postdocs) en scholing; • Citizen Science integreren in relevante onderzoeksprojectaanvragen; • Citizen Science verder integreren in de drie inhoudelijke thema’s van het CoE HA; • Citizen Science onderwijsmodules en scholingen implementeren in het onderwijs van studenten (bachelors, masters) en bij- en nascholing van docent-onderzoekers.

Presentatie die we vanuit het lectoraat hebben gegeven op het EcoCity World Summit te Rotterdam. Centraal stond onze online database Climatescan en de toepassingen en diversiteit van deze tool.

In een bevraging bij 119 Vlaamse wetenschappers peilden we naar de kennis, meningen en attitudes over citizen science. Deze resultaten vergeleken we met een eerdere studie van de Jonge Academie (2015). Hieruit blijkt onder meer dat citizen science aan bekendheid heeft gewonnen, dat betrokkenheid bij een citizen-scienceproject positief correleert met een positieve waardering van citizen science, maar dat wetenschappers ook nog veel nood hebben aan ondersteuning bij de opstart van een eigen citizen-scienceproject. Hierop formuleren we enkele aanbevelingen.

In 2020 vulden 195 Vlaamse burgerwetenschappers een vragenlijst in die peilde naar demografische kenmerken, hun motivaties en ervaringen bij citizen science. De resultaten tonen onder meer aan dat ook in Vlaanderen burgerwetenschappers gemiddeld ouder en hoger opgeleid zijn dan de algemene bevolking. Tegelijk slaagden de projecten gesubsidieerd door de oproepen van departement Economie, Wetenschap en Innovatie van de Vlaamse overheid erin om ook een nieuwe groep burgers aan te spreken, die jonger zijn en pas recent een eerste keer deelnamen aan een burgerwetenschapsproject. Bijdragen aan wetenschappelijk onderzoek is de grootste, maar niet enige motivator tot deelname. Burgerwetenschappers kijken veelal tevreden terug naar hun deelname. Deze resultaten bieden handvaten tot verder beleid om moeilijk bereikbare doelgroepen te betrekken in toekomstige citizen-scienceprojecten.

Workshop master sport en bewegingsonderwijs

Although the benefits of current anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention programmes have been demonstrated in efficacy studies, they, unfortunately, have had limited public health impact to date. For example, the incidence of ACL injuries continues to rise in adolescent athletes. Raising awareness and educating coaches and athletes is not enough to facilitate the widespread, sustained use of these programmes in the real-world setting. Considering the profound burden of ACL injuries, it is necessary to continue to improve the current ACL injury prevention programmes through co-creation. First, the uptake of the programmes should be optimized by a better appreciation and understanding of the individual, socio-cultural and environmental context (i.e., community). Second, the content of the programmes should be optimized to better reflect the demands of the sport by creating more ownership and increasing motivation (incorporating challenging, sport-specific and fun elements) with the end-users. In addition, implicit motor learning, random practice and differential learning are concepts that should be integrated when practising to obtain the most optimal results when learning or finetuning skills.

Although the benefits of current anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention programmes have been demonstrated in efficacy studies, they, unfortunately, have had limited public health impact to date. For example, the incidence of ACL injuries continues to rise in adolescent athletes. Raising awareness and educating coaches and athletes is not enough to facilitate the widespread, sustained use of these programmes in the real-world setting. Considering the profound burden of ACL injuries, it is necessary to continue to improve the current ACL injury prevention programmes through co-creation. First, the uptake of the programmes should be optimized by a better appreciation and understanding of the individual, socio-cultural and environmental context (i.e., community). Second, the content of the programmes should be optimized to better reflect the demands of the sport by creating more ownership and increasing motivation (incorporating challenging, sport-specific and fun elements) with the end-users. In addition, implicit motor learning, random practice and differential learning are concepts that should be integrated when practising to obtain the most optimal results when learning or finetuning skills.

Door middel van Living Lab Beweegvriendelijk Vinkhuizen is gericht op het innoveren van het totale proces van betrokkenheid, co-creatie, leren en sociale innovatie op het thema beweegvriendelijke omgeving, de zogenaamde “orgware”. Drie elementen stonden centraal: design thinking, opzet van een Community Of Practice (COP) en Citizen Science. De COP is stap voor stap gevormd door via de sneeuwbalmethode in contact te komen met wijkbewoners, hen mee te laten denken en enthousiast te maken voor het thema. Tegelijkertijd is citizen science (Our Voice aanpak met gebruikmaking van de Discovery Tool) toegepast, doordat onderzoekers met bewoners allerlei elementen in de wijk in kaart hebben gebracht die te maken hebben met beweegvriendelijke inrichting. Op basis van deze inventarisatie zijn door wijkbewoners ideeën ontwikkeld om de beweegvriendelijkheid van de wijk te verbeteren. Alle ideeën zijn aan de gemeente voorgelegd en gepresenteerd. Een deel gaat op korte termijn gerealiseerd worden, een ander deel mogelijk op langere termijn.

Door middel van Living Lab Beweegvriendelijk Vinkhuizen is gericht op het innoveren van het totale proces van betrokkenheid, co-creatie, leren en sociale innovatie op het thema beweegvriendelijke omgeving, de zogenaamde “orgware”. Drie elementen stonden centraal: design thinking, opzet van een Community Of Practice (COP) en Citizen Science. De COP is stap voor stap gevormd door via de sneeuwbalmethode in contact te komen met wijkbewoners, hen mee te laten denken en enthousiast te maken voor het thema. Tegelijkertijd is citizen science (Our Voice aanpak met gebruikmaking van de Discovery Tool) toegepast, doordat onderzoekers met bewoners allerlei elementen in de wijk in kaart hebben gebracht die te maken hebben met beweegvriendelijke inrichting. Op basis van deze inventarisatie zijn door wijkbewoners ideeën ontwikkeld om de beweegvriendelijkheid van de wijk te verbeteren. Alle ideeën zijn aan de gemeente voorgelegd en gepresenteerd. Een deel gaat op korte termijn gerealiseerd worden, een ander deel mogelijk op langere termijn.

Moroccan companies face a multitude of risks related to their vulnerability to climate change, in particular operational, supply chain, and financial risks. In recent years, public and private actors have experimented with a number of approaches to facilitate the integration of climate change at different planning levels. Among these approaches, the Climate-Expert tool aims to help companies assess their vulnerability to climate change and develop relevant adaptation strategies. Some 20 Moroccan companies, in various sectors of activity, have tested this tool in the framework of two cooperation programs. First, this chapter provides an overview of the achievements of the adaptation mainstreaming process in the private sector in Morocco. Then, it analyzes the Climate-Expert approach qualitatively following three steps according to an iterative logic. The contact groups include the participants involved in the said cooperation programs, namely, experts, economic operators, and state and project officials. Finally, this chapter highlights the obstacles related to the Climate-Expert approach and proposes ways to improve the mainstreaming of adaptation based on the emerging realities and needs of the companies concerned. In addition, in terms of adaptation planning, this analysis emphasizes the need to upgrade Climate-Expert’s approach toward an integrated and well-documented design, using relevant climate and sectoral data and information to meet the needs of developing country companies. Regarding the implementation of adaptation measures, it remains relatively limited in the evaluated companies. This is mainly due to the lack of support and advice instruments and the lack of entities in charge of steering adaptation actions within these companies. This work will later pave the way for improving and adapting the Climate-Expert tool to meet the needs of action in such companies.

This positioning statement is written for the Centre of Expertise Healthy Ageing (CoE HA) and allied schools within the Hanze University of Applied Sciences. As focus for the coming years, the CoE HA has identified three themes, as well as three so-called ‘enablers’, i.e. approaches, methods and tools through which the themes can be developed concretely and implemented practically.

Moroccan companies face a multitude of risks related to their vulnerability to climate change, in particular operational, supply chain, and financial risks. In recent years, public and private actors have experimented with a number of approaches to facilitate the integration of climate change at different planning levels. Among these approaches, the Climate-Expert tool aims to help companies assess their vulnerability to climate change and develop relevant adaptation strategies. Some 20 Moroccan companies, in various sectors of activity, have tested this tool in the framework of two cooperation programs. First, this chapter provides an overview of the achievements of the adaptation mainstreaming process in the private sector in Morocco. Then, it analyzes the Climate-Expert approach qualitatively following three steps according to an iterative logic. The contact groups include the participants involved in the said cooperation programs, namely, experts, economic operators, and state and project officials. Finally, this chapter highlights the obstacles related to the Climate-Expert approach and proposes ways to improve the mainstreaming of adaptation based on the emerging realities and needs of the companies concerned. In addition, in terms of adaptation planning, this analysis emphasizes the need to upgrade Climate-Expert’s approach toward an integrated and well-documented design, using relevant climate and sectoral data and information to meet the needs of developing country companies. Regarding the implementation of adaptation measures, it remains relatively limited in the evaluated companies. This is mainly due to the lack of support and advice instruments and the lack of entities in charge of steering adaptation actions within these companies. This work will later pave the way for improving and adapting the Climate-Expert tool to meet the needs of action in such companies.

This positioning statement is written for the Centre of Expertise Healthy Ageing (CoE HA) and allied schools within the Hanze University of Applied Sciences. As focus for the coming years, the CoE HA has identified three themes, as well as three so-called ‘enablers’, i.e. approaches, methods and tools through which the themes can be developed concretely and implemented practically.

De gemeente Groningen is al een aantal jaren bezig met het stimuleren van haar inwoners tot sporten, spelen en ontmoeten in de openbare ruimte. Er is veel kennis en ervaring opgedaan en er zijn de afgelopen jaren verschillende openbare beweegplekken gerealiseerd. Uit monitoring blijkt echter dat deze plekken voornamelijk gebruikt worden door mensen die al sporten. Door middel van Living Lab Beweegvriendelijk Vinkhuizen richten we ons op het innoveren van het totale proces van betrokkenheid, co-creatie, leren en sociale innovatie op het thema de beweegvriendelijke omgeving, de zogenaamde “orgware”. De aanname is dat meer en betere betrokkenheid zich uiteindelijk vertaalt naar toename in sport en/of beweeggedrag in de openbare ruimte bij eindgebruikers. De drie elementen die centraal staan binnen het Living Lab zijn: design thinking, de opzet van een Community Of Practice (COP) en Citizen Science.

Alleen digitaal verschenen

Alleen digitaal verschenen

Reducing the damage caused by invasive species requires a community approach informed by rapidly mobilized data. Even if local stakeholders work together, invasive species do not respect borders, and national, continental and global policies are required. Yet, in general, data on invasive species are slow to be mobilized, often of insufficient quality for their intended application and distributed among many stakeholders and their organizations, including scientists, land managers, and citizen scientists. The Belgian situation is typical. We struggle with the fragmentation of data sources and restrictions to data mobility. Nevertheless, there is a common view that the issue of invasive alien species needs to be addressed. In 2017 we launched the Tracking Invasive Alien Species (TrIAS) project, which envisages a future where alien species data are rapidly mobilized, the spread of exotic species is regularly monitored, and potential impacts and risks are rapidly evaluated in support of policy decisions (Vanderhoeven et al. 2017). TrIAS is building a seamless, data-driven workflow, from raw data to policy support documentation. TrIAS brings together 21 different stakeholder organizations that covering all organisms in the terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments. These organizations also include those involved in citizen science, research and wildlife management. TrIAS is an Open Science project and all the software, data and documentation are being shared openly (Groom et al. 2018). This means that the workflow can be reused as a whole or in part, either after the project or in different countries. We hope to prove that rapid data workflows are not only an indispensable tool in the control of invasive species, but also for integrating and motivating the citizens and organizations involved.

Invasive Alien Species (IAS) are a growing threat to Europe's biodiversity. The implementation of European Union Regulation on IAS can benefit from the involvement of the public in IAS recording and management through Citizen Science (CS) initiatives. Aiming to tackle issues related with the use of CS projects on IAS topics, a dedicated workshop titled "Citizen Science and Open Data: a model for Invasive Alien Species in Europe" was organized by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) and the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST Association). Fifty key stakeholders from all Europe, including two Members of the European Parliament, attended the workshop. With a clear focus on IAS, the workshop aimed at addressing the following issues: a) CS and policy, b) citizen engagement, and c) CS data management. Nine short presentations provided input on CS and IAS issues. Participants discussed specific topics in several round tables ("world café" style) and reported back their conclusions to the audience and full assembly moderated discussions. Overall, the workshop enabled the sharing of ideas, approaches and best practices regarding CS and IAS. Specific opportunities and pitfalls of using CS data in the whole policy cycle for IAS were recognized. Concerning the implementation of the IAS Regulation, CS data could complement official surveillance systems, and contribute to the early warning of the IAS of Union concern after appropriate validation by the Member States' competent authorities. CS projects can additionally increase awareness and empower citizens. Attendees pointed out the importance for further public engagement in CS projects on IAS that demonstrate specific initiatives and approaches and analyze lessons learned from past experiences. In addition, the workshop noted that the data gathered from different CS projects on IAS are fragmented. It highlighted the need for using an open and accessible platform to upload data originating from CS sources or to mirror validated data into a single, easy-to-use web service, in line with the EU Open Science Strategic Priority. The workshop provided ten key recommendations of best practices for CS projects on IAS, addressed to researchers, policy makers and implementing authorities, indicating future research and policy directions and opportunities.