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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious health problem that is related to an increased mortality. In cases of severe TBI, the prediction of prognosis is essential. The enlargement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) shows an increased intracranial pressure and is associated with poor outcomes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of ONSD in patients with severe TBI.Forty-four patients with severe TBI were retrospectively enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into two groups: survivors (n=17) and non-survivors (n=27). Baseline characteristics, clinical data, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) on hospital admission, brain computed tomography (CT) results, injury severity score (ISS), and Marshall score were recorded for all patients. ONSD was calculated at 3 mm distance from the globe, immediately below the sclera.The ONSD on the initial CT was significantly higher in non-survivors compared with survivors (6.83±1.40 vs. 6.40±1.36, p0.05). In addition, ISS and Marshall score were significantly higher, whereas GCS was significantly lower in non-survivors. ONSD was positively correlated with Marshall score (r=0.332, p0.05). Receiver operating characteristics analysis demonstrated that ONSD ≥6.61 had a sensitivity of 70.4% and specificity of 64.7% for predicting mortality. It was shown that ONSD ≥6.61 had a 4.3-fold increased risk for in-hospital mortality (odds ratio: 4.35; 95% confidence interval: 1.195-15.865; p0.05).The enlargement of ONSD on initial CT was detected to be associated with increased in-hospital mortality in patients with severe TBI.Travmatik beyin hasarı (TBH) önemli bir sağlık sorunudur ve artmış mortalite ile ilişkilidir. Ciddi TBH’de prognozun öngörülmesi esastır. Optik sinir kılıfı çapının (ONSD) genişlemesi kafa içi basıncının artmasını gösterir ve kötü prognoz ile ilişkilidir. Bu çalışmada, ciddi TBH’li hastalarda ONSD’nin prognostik önemini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.Bu çalışmaya ciddi TBH’li toplam 44 hasta geriye dönük olarak dahil edildi. Hastalar iki gruba ayrıldı: sağ kalanlar (n=17) ve ölenler (n=27). Tüm hastalar için temel karakteristik ve klinik veriler, başvuru sırasında Glasgow koma skalası (GKS) skoru, beyin bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) tarama sonuçları, yaralanma şiddet skoru (ISS) ve Marshall skoru kaydedildi. ONSD göz küresinin 3 mm gerisinden, skleranın hemen altından ölçüldü.İlk BT’deki ONSD, ölenlerde hayatta kalanlara kıyasla anlamlı derecede daha yüksekti (6,83±1,40’a karşı 6,40±1,36, p0,05). Ek olarak, ISS ve Marshall skoru ölenlerde anlamlı derecede daha yüksek iken, GKS ise anlamlı olarak daha düşüktü. ONSD, Marshall skoru ile pozitif korelasyon gösterdi (r=0,332, p0,05). Alıcı işletim karakteristik analizinde, ONSD’nin ≥6,61 olması mortaliteyi öngörmede %70,4 duyarlılığa ve %64,7 özgüllüğe sahip olduğu görüldü. ONSD’nin ≥6,61 olmasının hastane içi mortalite için 4,3 kat artmış riske sahip olduğu gösterildi (risk oranı: 4,35, %95 güven aralığı: 1,195-15,865, p0,05).İlk BT’de ONSD genişlemesi, şiddetli TBH’li hastalarda artmış mortalite ile ilişkili bulundu.

Amaç: Beta blokerlerin nonkardiyak cerrahiye giden hastalarda perioperatif kardiyak hasarı önleyebileceği gösterilmiştir. Çalışmamızın amacı; kalp dışı operasyona giden ve kardiyak olay gelişimi açısından orta-yüksek riskli hastalarda perioperatif esmolol infüzyonu kullanımının, perioperatif hemodinamiye, tüketilen inhalasyon ajanı ve narkotik madde miktarına, postoperatif tüketilen analjezik ilaç miktarına ve postoperatif yan etkilere olan etkisini araştırmaktır. Materyal ve Metod: Ocak 2012 - Temmuz 2012 tarihleri arasında, genel anestezi altında elektif üroloji ve genel cerrahi ameliyatları uygulanan ve perioperatif kardiyak olay gelişimi açısından orta-yüksek risk taşıyan 40 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Esmolol grubuna, esmolol 500 µg/kg/dk 1 dakika süresince intravenöz (i.v.) yüklemesi yapılıp kalp atım hızı

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the association between country-level sustainability scores and cross-border bank-to-non-bank flows within countries.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analyze cross-border banking flows into the real sector firms of 26 developed countries from 2006 to 2017. The authors use a dynamic panel ordinary least square along with an instrumental variable and a generalized method of moments regressions to test the relationship between country-level sustainability scores and cross-border banking flows. Additionally, the authors apply Fama-MacBeth cross-sectional regression and non-parametric portfolio tests to obtain robust results.FindingsThe impact of country-level sustainability scores on cross-border banking flows is positive and significant. This finding is consistent with the signaling theory, which states that a country’s sustainability score is a signal to attract more international fund flows. Notably, the authors deduce that environmental sustainability is more important than the social and governance pillars.Practical implicationsThe findings indicate that the real sector firms located in countries having higher sustainability scores can receive more international bank flows. Consequently, policymakers should focus more on country-level sustainability investments to improve the financing of resident firms.Social implicationsPolicymakers should focus more on country-level sustainability investments to improve the financing of resident firms.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, no existing study has investigated the signaling function of country-level sustainability scores in the cross-border banking flow conjecture. By investigating this relationship for real sector firms, this study portrays how the non-banking sector can benefit from such a policy that promotes sustainable practices at the country level.

This study examines the effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom (FC) model in Turkish Music Theory classes. The data obtained through observation and focus group interviews during and after the twelve-week teaching process and under this study were subjected to content analysis on Atlas.ti22 software and interpreted as themes and categories. The aim was to determine how suitable the FC model is for the teaching of Turkish Music Theory, and how and in what way it affects success and learning. The advantages of the flipped classroom model were identified as “ease of access”, “practice in class” and “materials” in this study. The findings obtained from the research reveal that students can easily have access, without time-space constraints, to the preparation videos and materials prepared by the instructors, which is seen as the strongest aspect of the FC model. However, during this process, it was found out that some students had a lack of self-control, some had problems with focusing, and some had problems with student-teacher or student-computer interaction. Participants suggested that practitioners should prepare the content of preparation videos in line with the target audience, collective reading exercises should be done in practice classes, and the FC model should also be used in other classes. Participants also suggested that students should come to class prepared, repeat the subjects learned in the classes, and study by writing and recording.

Bu araştırmada Türk Müziği Nazariyatı derslerini alan lisans öğrencilerinin makamlar ve usuller konusundaki bilgilerine ve bu bilgileri uygulayabilme becerilerine yönelik özyeterlik algıları ile makam tespiti konusundaki yeterlilikleri araştırılmıştır. Türk Müziği makamları ve usullerine ilişkin özyeterlik algısının tespit edilmesi, kişilerin kendilerini bu konularda ne kadar başarılı ve yeterli gördüklerinin; dinleyerek makam tespiti yapabilme konusundaki yeterliliğin tespit edilmesi ise dinleme konusunda ne ölçüde yetkin olduklarının ortaya çıkarılması açısından önemlidir. Bu araştırma tarama deseninde tasarlanmış, veri toplama aracı olarak ise araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan ölçek ve dinleme testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 104 kişi oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın nicel verileri SPSS 15 istatistik programıyla, nitel verileri ise içerik analizi yapılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda katılımcıların Türk Müziği makamları ve usulleri alanında en yetersiz oldukları ve kendilerini en yetersiz hissettikleri konuların ‘büyük usuller’ ve ‘dinleyerek makamları-makam geçkilerini tespit etme’ olduğu; en yeterli hissettikleri konunun ise ‘icra’ olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.

We investigate the valuation effects of debt issues on the issuing firms’ common stock using a sample of Turkish issuers. For the sample of non-financial firms, we find no significant wealth effects for debt issues around the announcement dates. However, market reactions are more positive when information asymmetry between firm managers and outside investors is low, agency costs are high, and when debt issues are likely to carry positive information about firms’ prospects. These results support pecking order, signaling and agency theories of capital structure. In additional tests, we find positive market reactions to debt issue announcements of financial firms.

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat on macrocyclic lactone residues in cows' milk. Ivermectin, abamectin, doramectin, eprinomectin and moxidectin were added to raw milk in three concentrations. The milk was then pasteurised (40 seconds at 74°C or 1 minute at 80°C) and boiled (10 minutes at 100°C). The analyses were performed with a validated method: LC-MS/MS. Thermal treatment resulted in a statistically significant decrease in the abamectin, eprinomectin, and moxidectin concentrations in the milk; however, the residues did not completely degrade. Boiling resulted in a greater decrease in the moxidectin concentrations than was observed with pasteurisation. The high pasteurisation and boiling processes had a greater effect on the eprinomectin residues than did the low pasteurisation process. The pasteurisation and boiling processes did not have an effect on the doramectin and ivermectin. The study concluded that the macrocyclic lactones are generally resistant to such processes.

Bu araştırmada Türk Müziği icraları dinlenirken dikkat edilen hususlar, Türk Müziği icra tavrındaki değişiklikler ve bu değişikliklerin olası nedenleri, akademisyen görüşleri doğrultusunda incelenerek yorumlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı bu çalışma olgu bilim deseninde kurgulanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu ölçüt örneklem yöntemine göre belirlenen on akademisyenden oluşmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın verilerinin toplanmasında yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmadaki veriler içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz için nitel veri analizi yazılımı ATLAS.ti 8 kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmada katılımcıların dinledikleri bir Türk Müziği eserinin icrasında entonasyon, icra tavrı, usul, nüanslar ve eser konularına dikkat ettikleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda Türk Müziği icralarında tavır farklılıklarının altında yatan etmenlerin, dönemsel icra-beste alışkanlık ve tercihleri, yöresel icra özellikleri ve kişisel estetik anlayış farklılıkları olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.

The aim of this study is to examine performance development processes of professional cellists in Turkish Music, to identify musical behaviors and knowledge required by the profession, and to contribute to professional music education. In this research, phenomenological methodology was utilized. The study group was selected through a combination of snowball sampling (chain sampling) and maximum variation sampling methods, which are purposeful sampling strategies (n:15). The research data were obtained by semi structured interview method. The interview questions were prepared by the researcher and they consist of 6 open-ended questions. The data were subject to content analysis via the computer software NVivo 12. The study revealed that all the participants carried out their studies on Western Music by means of methods and studies on Turkish Music by listening, imitating, performing, practicing taksims and transposition. Moreover, the participants reported that they are motivated by a number of factors, such as their love for cello, quality of the instrument, accompanying, etc. to play their instrument. The cellists whom the participants most commonly listen to are Tanburi Cemil Bey, Mesut Cemil Bey, Ismail Akdeniz and Ozer Arkun.

This study aims to reveal the definition of terms ‘ecole, style, individual characteristics and interpretation’, which are used in Turkish Music, according to the opinions of academicians specialized in the field of Turkish Music. The maximum variation sampling method was employed in the study, which was conducted through a qualitative descriptive research design. A semi-structured interview method was used for the collection of data in this study. The data acquired by this research was subject to content analysis via ATLAS.ti 8 software. The results of the study revealed that the terms ‘style’ and ‘individual characteristics’ were defined and understood differently both in the literature and by the participants forming the study group of research; on the other hand, usually similar definitions were made for the terms ‘ecole’ and ‘interpretation’. For the avoidance of the contradiction in terms which is leading to problems in the terminology of Turkish Music, it is recommended that clear definitions be made for the mentioned terms through workshops by specialists of the field, such as music teachers, social psychologists, social-cultural anthropologists, ethnologists, music sociologists, music philosophers, and linguists., Bu araştırma ile Türk Müziğinde kullanılan ekol, üslûp, tavır ve yorum terimlerinin, bu alanda uzman akademisyenlerin görüşlerine göre hangi kavramları ifade ettiğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Nitel betimsel araştırma yaklaşımıyla gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada maximum çeşitlilik örneklemi kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmanın verilerinin toplanmasında yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırma ile elde edilen veriler, ATLAS.ti 8 bilgisayar programı kullanılarak içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda hem literatürden elde edilen veriler hem de araştırmanın çalışma grubunu oluşturan katılımcılar tarafından üslûp ve tavır terimlerinde bir terminoloji sorunu yaşandığı, bununla beraber ekol ve yorum terimleri ile ilgili herhangi bir terminoloji sorunu yaşanmadığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Türk müzik terminolojisinde yaşanan problemlerin giderilmesi için müzik eğitimcileri, sosyal psikologlar, sosyal-kültürel antropologlar, etnologlar, müzik sosyologları, müzik felsefecileri ve dil bilimcileri gibi konu ile ilgili alanların uzmanlarından oluşan çalıştaylar düzenlenerek ilgili terimlerin tanımlarının netleştirilmesi ve kavram karmaşasının ortadan kaldırılması önerilmektedir.

This chapter explains how a relatively novel concept of venture philanthropy has emerged, evolved, and survived challenges—leading us to consider how it is likely to change the business of philanthropy in the foreseeable future. Venture philanthropy shifted the direction of donations from marginalized and low-income people toward ideas and initiatives with the potential to grow into profitable businesses. Therefore, its contributions are labeled investments rather than donations. This new type of philanthropy emerged in North America first and spread to Europe at the beginning of the 2000s. This chapter presents the size and important features of the European venture philanthropy market provided by the European Venture Philanthropy Association (EVPA) as of 2017. The chapter highlights that the most critical venture philanthropy innovations are the types of target investees (donee), the organizational structure and management, the relationship with the investee, and the impact measurement. The chapter also highlights the role of the organizational structure and management of a venture philanthropic organization and its relationship with the investee, which are similar to those of a venture capitalist and its investee. While the impact presents itself as a hard to measure element, it is essential for increasing the donations’ efficiency. Since other philanthropic organizations are adopting these practices, this review of recent innovations is helpful to increase their efficiency.

This study presents the first large-scale, comprehensive evidence on the insider trading patterns and abnormal returns in the Turkish stock market. Starting with a summary of the legislation, an event study methodology is used to compute daily abnormal returns of almost 65,000 insider transactions. Findings show that insiders earn 1.56 percent more than the market average return on the first six days following the trading day. The highest abnormal returns are earned by small firm insiders. Top executives, officers, directors, legal entities, funds, and large shareholders earn significantly higher than the market average return. Short-term and midterm abnormal profits vary with size, the value of the trade, holdings of the insider, relation of the insider with the company, number of insiders within a company, and whether the transaction is a sale or purchase.

It is known that the visual system can efficiently extract mean and variance information, facilitating the detection of outliers. However, no research to date has directly investigated whether ensemble perception mechanisms contribute to outlier representation precision. We specifically were interested in how the distinctiveness of outliers impacts their precision. Across two experiments, we compared how accurately viewers represented the orientation of spatial outliers that varied in distinctiveness and found that increased outlier distinctiveness resulted in greater precision. Based on comparisons of our data to simulations reflecting particular selective strategies, we eliminated the possibility that participants were selectively processing the outlier, at the expense of the ensemble. Thus, we argued that participants separately represented distinct outliers along with ensemble summaries of the remaining items in a display. We also found that outlier distinctiveness moderated the precision of how the remaining items were summarized. We discuss these findings in relation to computational capacity and constraints of ensemble perception mechanisms.

There is recent interest in the public listing of crypto-currency-based exchange-traded funds. However, the legal and regulatory framework for these funds has not yet been established. In this article, we argue that the legal and regulatory framework for the leveraged commodity funds can serve as a model for the currently unregulated stablecoins and cryptocurrency-based exchanges, exchange-traded funds as well as shadow banking sector. To help in this regard, this article analyzes leveraged commodity funds’ registration requirements, disclosure and transparency, custody, investment space, investors, liquidity and redemption, leverage, concentration, fee structure, advertising, and financial performance. The results indicate that while the public commodity funds are the most legally restricted, the hedge funds are the least legally restricted. The funds’ financial performance has a negative relationship with the restrictions. These findings can help guide the design of the regulatory framework for the newest commodities such as stablecoins and cryptocurrencies.

There is a positive relationship between cross-border bank-to-nonbank flows and country-level sustainability scores. This result is consistent with the signaling theory pointing out that a country’s sustainability score is a signal to attract more international fund flows. This finding suggests public policy makers to focus more on country-level sustainability investments in order to improve financing of resident firms.

This study examines the valuation effects of initial public offerings (IPOs) and intra-industry effects of IPOs in Turkey between 2010 and 2018. The purpose of this study is to find out whether initial public offerings are overvalued and whether they impact the pricing of industry peers. First, the valuation of IPOs is investigated. Price-to-value ratios of Turkish IPOs are compared with sector average ratios to determine whether IPOs are overvalued. Turkish IPOs are not overvalued against industry rivals’ price-to-value ratios based on sales and earnings-before-interest-taxes-depreciation-and-amortization (EBITDA) and earnings. Similarly, valuation based on price-to-value ratios is not related to initial pricing of IPOs. Second, the intra-industry effects of IPOs are investigated. Sector-adjusted abnormal returns of IPOs are compared to market-adjusted abnormal returns. The results are not affirmative: There is no statistically significant difference between the two abnormal returns. Turkish IPOs do trigger significant price declines on rival companies’ stocks. Altogether, the findings indicate that there is neither overvaluation of IPOs nor intra-industry effects over rival companies. Companies do not time the market based on industrial overvaluation. This may indicate market efficiency or lack of competition in the IPO market., Bu çalışma 2010 ve 2018 döneminde Türkiye’deki ilk halka arzların değerleme etkileri ve sektörel etkilerini incelemektedir. Çalışmanın amacı ilk halka arzlarda yüksek değerlendirmenin ve ilk halka arzların aynı sektörde faaliyet gösteren halka açık şirketlere olumsuz bir fiyat etkisinin tespit edilmesidir. İlk halka arzların göreceli değerlerini belirlemek için fiyat-değer oranları, sektördeki diğer firmaların ortalama fiyat-değer oranları ile karşılaştırılmaktadır. Fiyat-değer oranları satışlar; faiz, amortisman ve vergi öncesi kar (FAVÖK); ve net kazanç tutarları kullanılarak hesaplandığında ilk halka arzlar yüksek değerlendirilmediği görülmektedir. Fiyat-değer oranları ilk halka arzların fiyatlaması ile de anlamlı bir ilişki sergilememektedir. İkinci olarak, ilk halka arzların sektörel etkilerini incelemek için ortalama pazar getirisine göre ayarlanmış anormal getiriler, ortalama sektör getirisine göre ayarlanmış anormal getirilerle karşılaştırılmaktadır. Sonuçlar olumlu değildir: Her iki getiri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamaktadır. Bu da ilk halka arzların rakip firma fiyatlarında bir düşüşe neden olmadığını göstermektedir. Sonuçlar beraber ele alındığında halka arz edilen hisse senetlerinde yüksek değerlendirme görülmemekte, ayrıca ilk halka arzlar sektördeki rakiplerin fiyatlarında etki yapmamaktadır. Şirketler halka arz edilmeyi planlarken sektörel bazda pazar zamanlaması yapmamaktadırlar. Bunun nedeni pazarın etkinliği olabileceği gibi ilk halka arz pazarındaki zayıf rekabet de olabilir.

This contribution analyzes how new technology has changed the risk management landscape for financial companies. Accelerating technological innovations in the finance industry have disrupted the old order and created new challenges and opportunities along with new front-runners and followers. New payment systems, digital currencies, and digital investments are just some examples of these innovations. Formerly self-sufficient financial companies had to collaborate with FinTech companies in order to protect market shares. Technological innovations and collaborations among companies in the finance sector do not create new risks; rather, they increase the affectedness to some risks types and extend the definition of traditional risks, such as operational, reputational, and legal risks. E-financing activities, outsourcing in financial companies, and cyber threats are the major new risk sources that financial companies must embed to traditional risks. Risk management principles in the digitalization era guide the risk manager to tailor specific practices for each finance company.

Due to the rapid advances in Internet technology, the number of websites and the amount of information obtained from websites are increasing day by day. Internet users want to access the website and the information they need more easily and quickly. This is also the case getting news so effectiveness of newspapers' websites in terms of content and the speed at which pages are opened is also an important indicator for users. The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the technical and popularity performance of the newspapers' websites in Turkey. The study will show the applicability of an objective weight-determining method, Entropy technique, for finding the weights of criteria and VIKOR for evaluating websites' technical and popularity performance. As a result of the evaluation, the best websites were determined in terms of technique and popularity, and ranked in terms of overall performance.

Bu arastirma ile viyolonsel egitiminde Turk Muzigi perdelerinin seslendirilmesinde yasanan guclukler hakkindaki paydas goruslerini ve bu gucluklerin asilmasina yonelik cozum onerilerini ortaya cikarmak amaclanmaktadir. Bu calisma nitel, bir arastirmadir. Calismanin verileri Turk Muzigi alaninda egitim veren konservatuarlarda calisan gonullu on ogretim elemanindan ve bu kurumlarda okuyan alti son sinif ogrencisinden saglanmistir. Veriler, arastirmaci tarafindan hazirlanmis olan yari yapilandirilmis gorusme ve odak grup gorusmesi ile toplanmistir. Elde edilen veriler, icerik analizi teknigi ile cozumlenmistir. Arastirma sonucunda, bireylere cok dinlemeleri, etut calismalari, makamlari bilmeleri, hatalarini duzeltme yeteneklerini gelistirmeleri, agir tempoda calismalari, tekniklerini esnetebilmeleri, perdeli enstrumanlarla calismalari, solfej calismalari yapmalari, kayit yapmalari, cok sayida eser calmalari, calisma saatlerini artirmalari, anlik dusunebilmeleri ve taklit etmeleri yonunde onerilerde bulunulmustur. Egitimcilere ise butunsel yaklasimda egitim vermeleri, egzersizler yazmalari, ogrencide viyolonsel calma teknigini dogru oturtmalari, once tampere sistemi ogretmeleri, ogrencilerle birlikte calmalari, taksim ornekleri ya da etutler yazmalari, ogrenciyi motive etmeleri, kendilerini gelistirmeleri onerilerinde bulunulmustur.

Due to copyright restrictions, the access to the full text of this article is only available via subscription. An effective monetary policy framework is often viewed as a pre-condition for well-functioning financial markets. Yet measuring monetary policy effectiveness is not straightforward; it requires empirical work to understand the impact of financial infrastructure, competitiveness of financial markets, and current economic conditions. In particular, monetary policy effectiveness depends on the extent to which the chosen interest rate affects all other financial prices—including the entire term structure of interest rates, credit rates, exchange rates, and asset prices. This paper examines the effectiveness of monetary policy in Turkey by focusing on interest rate pass-through outcomes by way of an interacted vector autoregressive (IVAR) approach. The results suggest that policy-led rate changes are fully transmitted to deposit and credit rates within eight months. Competition in the banking sector (as well as that sector’s liquidity and profitability), dollarization, exchange rate flexibility, inflation, and term structure all have a positive effect on interest rate pass-through; whereas regulatory quality, GDP growth, monetary growth, industrial growth, and capital inflows have a negative effect. Using various tests, we find that the effect of financial development and macroeconomic variables on interest rate pass-through is neither robust nor time-invariant.

XIX. yy’da yaşamış olan Hoca Hafız Mehmed Zekâi Dede, âyin formunda bestesi bulunan musikişinaslardan biridir. Bu çalışmada Hoca Hafız Mehmed Zekâi Dede’nin bestelediği üç Mevlevi âyini makam ve usul yapıları açısından incelenmiş ve söz konusu âyinlerin dönemin özelliklerini nasıl yansıttığı açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, XIX.yy’daki makamsal anlayış değerlendirilerek Sûznâk, Sûzidil, Saba Zemzeme makamlarının o dönemdeki kullanımları incelenmiştir. Âyinlerin makam ve usul yapılarının, o dönem âyinlerinde kabul gören makam ve usul yapıları ile uyumlu olup olmadığı üzerindedurulmuştur. Yaşadığı dönem içerisinde değerlendirildiğinde, Zekai Dede’nin âyinlerinindönemin müzikal anlayışına uygun olarak bestelendiği tespit edilmiştir., Hoca Hafız Mehmed Zekâi Dede who lived in XIX. century is one of the musicians whocomposed the form of âyin. In this research, three of Mehmed Zekâi Dede’s compositions inMevlevi Âyini form were analysed according to maqams and usuls. It also tries to explainthat how the “âyins” reflected the characteristics of the period. In this study, the usage ofthe Sûznâk, Sûzidil, Saba Zemzeme maqams were reviewed to evaluate the perception ofmaqam in the 19th century. It focuses on the convenience of the maqam and rhythmicalstructure of the âyins with the generally accepted structure of his era. When considered inhis time, Zekai Dede’s âyins are composed properly according to the musical understan-ding in his time.

The gradual weakening and subsequent repeal of most provisions of the Glass-Steagall Act in 1999 allowed commercial banks to acquire investment banking subsidiaries, to grow substantially in size, and to access even more information through more diverse banking activities. At the same time, proprietary trading became a major source of revenue for the banks. The subsequent financial crisis of 2008 exposed another glaring weakness of banking in the post-Glass-Steagall era. Banks had grown too big, too risky and too interconnected, many surpassing trillions of dollars in assets, interbank loans and liabilities on and off balance sheet. The sheer size, risk and interconnectedness of banking alone raised concerns about systemically important and too-big-to-fail banks. After numerous attempts to bring back Glass-Steagall failed, Congress attempted to contain banking systemic banking risk by passing the Volcker rule to prohibit proprietary trading, and enacting consumer protection and other ring-fencing and fire-wall provisions in the Dodd-Frank Act. To test the potential importance of the Volcker Rule, we would need to know the amount of profits banks make from using proprietary adverse information about their clients. However, the source of the proprietary information banks use to execute their proprietary trading programs is typically confidential. Furthermore, banks do not disclose where and how they obtain this confidential information, which helps them create billions of dollars of profits every year. In this paper we investigate one possible source of this information. Specifically, we investigate the importance of the private information banks acquire as part of their financial intermediary and financial advisory role for their client firms. Banks often attain insider trading status and become subject to insider trading reporting requirements and trading restrictions when they are hired to provide financial advice to their client firms. When banks become temporary insiders, they must also report all of these trades executed on Forms 3, 4, and 5 alongside other legal insiders. Using this insider trading database, we demonstrate that banks can and do access important, private, material information about their clients and trade on this information. On average, the inside information that banks acquire and trade on is highly valuable, allowing the banks to earn more on 25% on their proprietary trades. Furthermore, we find that relaxation and elimination of the Glass-Steagall restrictions allowed the banks to trade more frequently and earn greater amount of abnormal profits. Since 2002, banks tend to trade and earn more than 40% abnormal profits from adverse information about their client firms. Consequently, we demonstrate that an added benefit of enforcement of the Volcker Rule would be to eliminate the incentives to trade on material, non-public information about their clients by eliminating proprietary trading by banks. Thus, we argue that enforcing the Volcker Rule would also help contain some the current conflicts of interest in the banking system resulting from the elimination of Glass-Steagall restrictions.

Aims of the research are to determine, to be present of individuals, graduating from music and other educational areas, for chorus of Associational Turkish Traditional Music development of individual, depends on the educational areas of their graduations from vocational and cultural aspects. In the context of research; educational situations of individuals, who work in chorus of Associational Turkish Traditional Music, situations of being present chorus of Associational Turkish Traditional Music, for individuals who graduated from different educational areas. In accordance with educational areas which individuals graduated, development situations of individuals of chorus of Associational Turkish Traditional Music, in Ankara, from vocational and cultural aspects, were searched. Working group of this research are formed by artists of orchestra and chorus of Associational Turkish Traditional Music in Ankara. Survey was made as an measurement tools in this research. This research is very significant to determine education and individual improvement situations of artists working in Chorus of Associational Turkish Traditional Music., Araştırmanın amacı, müzik alanı ve farklı eğitim alanlarından mezun olan bireylerin kurumsal Türk Sanat Müziği korolarında yer alma durumlarını ortaya koymak ve mezun oldukları eğitim alanlarına bağlı olarak mesleki-kültürel açıdan kendilerini geliştirme durumlarını tespit etmektir. Araştırma kapsamında, Ankara'daki Kurumsal Türk Sanat Müziği korolarında çalışan bireylerin eğitim durumlarının ne olduğu, farklı eğitim alanlarından mezun olan bireylerin kurumsal Türk sanat müziği korolarında yer alma durumları ve mezun oldukları eğitim alanlarına göre bu korolardaki sanatçıların mesleki ve kültürel açıdan kendilerini geliştirme durumlarının ne olduğu araştırılmıştır. Bu araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Ankara Radyo Televizyon Kurumu Türk Sanat Müziği koristler ve orkestra sanatçıları ile Ankara Klasik Türk Müziği Korosu’ndaki Türk Sanat Müziği koristler ve orkestra sanatçıları oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ölçme aracı olarak anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma, Kurumsal Türk Sanat Müziği Korolarında çalışan sanatçıların eğitim durumlarını ve mezun oldukları eğitim alanlarına göre kültürel ve mesleki açıdan kendilerini geliştirme durumlarını ortaya koyması açısından önemlidir.

Bu makalede, Nâyi Osman Dede’nin besteledigi uc Mevlevi âyini makam ve usul yapilari acisindan incelenmis ve yasadigi XVIII. yuzyilin donem ozelliklerini bestelerine nasil yansittigi incelenmistir. Incelemeler sonucunda makam zenginligi acisindan Osman Dede’nin âyinlerinin diger âyinlerden cok farkli bir yerde durmadigi ve usul kullanimi acisindan ilk defa kendinden oncekilerden farkli usulleri kullandigi tespit edilmistir.

The best facility location is the best place where provides all necessary economic, social, environmental and technical conditions for business?s production or sale activities. The mistakes in selection of facility location cause some problems about the return of investment. There are so many criterias that must be taken into consideration in facility location selection. These criterias differ from sector to sector. Most of the choices are qualitative for selection decisions. In this study, a new shop?s facility location problem in a shopping center chain, evaluated with Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP). The most convenient location selected between three candidate shops, towards the criterias determinated by decision makers., İşletmeler için en iyi kuruluş yeri, üretim veya satış faaliyetlerinin sürdürülebilmesi için gerekli olan ekonomik, sosyal, çevresel ve teknik koşulların en iyi şekilde sağlandığı yer olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Kuruluş yerinin seçimindeki bir takım yanlışlıklar, yapılan yatırımın geri dönüşünde sıkıntılara yok açmaktadır. Dolayısıyla kuruluş yeri seçim kararı stratejik önem taşımaktadır. Kuruluş yeri seçiminde dikkate alınması gereken pek çok kriter bulunmaktadır. Söz konusu kriterler, faaliyet gösterilen sektöre bağlı olarak değişiklik göstermektedir. Seçim kararı için yapılan tercihlerin çoğu niteliksel karakterlidir. Yapılan çalışmada, bir alışveriş merkezi zincirine dahil edilecek olan yeni bir mağazanın kuruluş yeri seçim problemi Bulanık Analitik Hiyerarşi (BAHS) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Üç aday mağaza arasından karar verici tarafından belirlenen kriterler doğrultusunda en uygun yerin seçimi yapılmıştır.

Corporate fraud is costly, involving hundreds of billions of dollars in lost reputational and out of pocket costs for stakeholders and hundreds of thousands of job losses for employees, suppliers and customers as well as loss of lives. To prevent fraud, general counsels (GCs) are charged as the gatekeepers for the corporation. They understand the law and they are expected to use their legal expertise to advise, intervene and report whenever they are suspicious of fraud. In spite of their legally-mandated central role, however, corporate counsels typically do not appear to discover any corporate wrongdoing. In this paper, we analyze the potential reasons why corporate counsels keep silent in the face of potential wrongdoing in their own firms and propose policy recommendations to better protect shareholders’ interests against self-dealing by top management.

Executives use a variety of manipulative games to maximize the value of their gifts, including backdating, spring-loading, bullet-dodging and insider information. We find that executives exploit a legal loophole to backdate their gifts. Stock prices rise abnormally about 6% during the one-year period before the gift date and they fall abnormally by about 5% during the one year after the gift date. We find this pattern is stronger for late-reported gifts, which is consistent with the backdating hypothesis. We suggest policy recommendations that should improve the compliance of gifts with the requirements of anti-fraud provisions of federal securities laws.

Americans have a tough time saving for their retirement. To make matters worse, the move from defined benefit (DB) to defined contribution plans (DC) over the years has required greater investor sophistication, discipline, and sound investment advice. Unfortunately, the current rules regarding investment advice for defined contribution plans do not address the two critical deficiencies of the current system, namely opacity and conflicts of interest. We propose that one-master standard be instituted along with strict transparency requirements to control the conflicts of interest and improve retirement savings advice. We also recommend that only passive, well-diversified index funds for stocks and bonds should qualify as retirement vehicles.

In this study, 81 Turkish cities were categorized as per their education and health indicators. First, the variables, which are education and health indicators, were categorized using factor analysis. Next, multi-dimensional scaling analysis was carried out in order to determine the position of 81 cities in the multi-dimensional space via the factor loading obtained through the factor analysis. MDS analysis revealed that the positions of the cities in the multi-dimensional space were not that different from their positions in Turkey’s map, and the difference was observed in only five big cities., Bu çalışmada Türkiye’deki 81 il eğitim ve sağlık göstergeleri dikkate alınarak sınıflandırmaya tabi tutulmuştur. Çalışmada ilk olarak eğitim ve sağlık göstergesi olarak kullanılan değişkenler faktör analizi kullanılarak sınıflandırılmış, ardından da elde edilen faktör yükleri kullanılarak 81 ilin çok boyutlu uzaydaki konumlarını ortaya koymak amacıyla Çok Boyutlu Ölçekleme Analizi yapılmıştır. Yapılan ÇBÖ analizi sonucunda ise illerin çok boyutlu uzaydaki konumları Türkiye haritasından çok da farklı çıkmamış, farklılık sadece beş büyük il bazında olmuştur.

As financial performance indicators reflect the competitiveness of companies, financial performance evaluation has a vital importance in a competitive environment. This study aims to evaluate financial performances of the companies listed on Borsa Istanbul chemical, petroleum, plastic indices. In this context, financial ratio analysis of these companies is done for the years between 2010 and 2012, and the obtained data were evaluated by using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The AHP approach is used to determine relative importance weights of the main criteria and sub-criteria. The weights and financial ratios are combined by using the TOPSIS approach. As a result of the analysis, the most important ratios are profitability ratios, and Tüpraş has the best financial performance., Finansal performans göstergeleri firmaların rekabet gücünü gösterdiğinden, rekabetçi bir çevrede finansal performansın değerlendirilmesi hayati öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada Borsa İstanbul’da kimya, petrol ve plastik sektöründe faaliyet gösteren firmaların, finansal performanslarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, söz konusu firmaların 2010-2012 yılları için finansal rasyoları hesaplanmış ve elde edilen veriler analitik hiyerarşi süreci (AHS) ve ideal çözüme yakınlığa göre sıralama tekniği olan TOPSIS ile değerlendirilmiştir. AHS yöntemi kriter ve alt kriterlerin göreli önem ağırlıklarını belirlemede kullanılmıştır. Ağırlıklar ve finansal rasyolar TOPSIS yaklaşımı kullanılarak birleştirilmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonucunda, karar vericilerin yaptıkları değerlendirmelere göre en önemli kriterlerin karlılık oranları ve en iyi performansa sahip firmanın Tüpraş olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Salesperson selection process is a multi-criteria decision making problem for businessess. election of a salesperson who has all nessesary criterias for doing a job, is very effective for succsess. Most of the choices are qualitative for selection decisions. In this study, salesperson candidates evaluated with Fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique For Order Performance By Similarity To Ideal Solution) Algorithm. Triangular fuzzy numbers are used in a fuzzy environment where linguistic uncertainty exists. A firm’s salesperson process is analyzed which has 17 sale stores. The most convenient salesperson selected between eight candidate salesperson, towards the criterias determinated by decision makers., İşletmelerde satış elemanı seçim süreci bir çok kriterli karar verme problemi olarak ifade edilebilir. Bir işin yapılabilmesi için gerekli olan kriterleri taşıyan bir satış elemanının seçimi, işletmelerin satış başarısında oldukça etkilidir. Seçim kararının verilebilmesi için yapılacak olan tercihlerin çoğu niteliksel karakterlidir. Yapılan çalışmada, sözel belirsizliklerin bulunduğu bulanık ortamlarda, üçgen bulanık sayılar kullanılarak, satış elemanı adayları Bulanık TOPSIS (Technique For Order Performance By Similarity To Ideal Solution) algoritması ile değerlendirilmiştir. Satışlarını 17 mağazası aracılığıyla erçekleştiren bir işletmenin satış elemanı seçim süreci ncelenmiştir. Sekiz satış elemanı dayı arasından karar vericiler tarafından belirlenen kriterler göz önüne alınarak, işletme için en uygun satış elemanının seçimi yapılmıştır.