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1. Worldwide Diagnostic Reference Levels for Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging: Findings From INCAPS

Author

Hirschfeld, C. B., Dondi, M., Pascual, T. N. B., Mercuri, M., Vitola, J., Karthikeyan, G., Better, N., Mahmarian, J. J., Bouyoucef, S. E., Hee-Seung Bom, H., Lele, V., Magboo, V. P. C., Alexanderson, E., Allam, A. H., Al-Mallah, M. H., Flotats, A., Jerome, S., Kaufmann, P. A., Luxenburg, O., Underwood, S. R., Rehani, M. M., Vassileva, J., Paez, D., Einstein, A. J., Kashyap, R., Meeks, J. B., Mut, F., Vitola, J. V., Allam, A., Bom, H., Mahmarian, J., Shaw, L. J., Amouri, W., Essabbah, H., Gassama, S. S., Makhdomi, K. B., El Mustapha, G. I. E., El Ouchdi, N., Qais, N., Soni, N., Vangu, W., Abazid, R. M., Adams, B., Agarwal, V., Alfeeli, M. A., Alnafisi, N., Bernabe, L., Bural, G. G., Chaiwatanarat, T., Chandraguptha, J. M., Cheon, G. J., Cho, I., Dogan, A. S., Eftekhari, M., Frenkel, A., Garty, I., George, S., Geramifar, P., Golan, H., Habib, S., Hussain, R., Im, H., Jeon, H. -J., Kalawat, T., Kang, W. J., Keng, F., Klaipetch, A., Kumar, P. G., Lee, J., Lee, W. W., Lim, I., Macaisa, C. M. M., Malhotra, G., Mittal, B. R., Mohammad, M. H., Mohan, P., Mulyanto, I. D., Nariman, D., Nayak, U. N., Niaz, K., Nikolov, G., Obaldo, J. M., Ozturk, E., Park, J. M., Park, S., Patel, C. D., Phuong, H. K., Quinon, A. P., Rajini, T. R., Saengsuda, Y., Santiago, J., Sayman, H. B., Shinto, A. S., Sivasubramaniyan, V., Son, M. H., Sudhakar, P., Syed, G. M. S., Tamaki, N., Thamnirat, K., Thientunyakit, T., Thongmak, S., Velasco, D. N., Verma, A., Vutrapongwatana, U., Wang, Y., Won, K. S., Yao, Z., Yingsa-nga, T., Yudistiro, R., Yue, K. T., Zafrir, N., Adrian, S. C., Agostini, D., Aguade, S., Armitage, G., Backlund, M., Backman, M., Baker, M., Balducci, M. T., Bavelaar, C., Berovic, M., Bertagna, F., Beuchel, R., Biggi, A., Bisi, G., Bonini, R., Bradley, A., Brudin, L., Bruno, I., Busnardo, E., Casoni, R., Choudhri, A., Cittanti, C., Clauss, R., Costa, D. C., Costa, M., Dixon, K., Dziuk, M., Egelic, N., Eriksson, I., Fagioli, G., de Faria, D. B., Florimonte, L., Francini, A., French, M., Gallagher, E., Garai, I., Geatti, O., Genovesi, D., Gianolli, L., Gimelli, A., del Giudice, E., Halliwell, S., Hansson, M. J., Harrison, C., Homans, F., Horton, F., Jedrzejuk, D., Jogi, J., Johansen, A., Johansson, H., Kalnina, M., Kaminek, M., Kiss, A., Kobylecka, M., Kostkiewicz, M., Kropp, J., Kullenberg, R., Lahoutte, T., Lang, O., Larsson, Y. H., Lazar, M., Leccisotti, L., Leners, N., Lindner, O., Lipp, R. W., Maenhout, A., Maffioli, L., Marcassa, C., Martins, B., Marzullo, P., Medolago, G., Mendiguchia, C. G., Mirzaei, S., Mori, M., Nardi, B., Nazarenko, S., Nikoletic, K., Oleksa, R., Parviainen, T., Patrina, J., Peace, R., Pirich, C., Piwowarska-Bilska, H., Popa, S., Prakash, V., Pubul, V., Puklavec, L., Rac, S., Ratniece, M., Rogan, S. A., Romeo, A., Rossi, M., Ruiz, D., Sabharwal, N., Salobir, B. G., Santos, A. I., Saranovic, S., Sarkozi, A., Schneider, R. P., Sciagra, R., Scotti, S., Servini, Z., Setti, L. R., Starck, S. -A., Vajauskas, D., Vesely, J., Vieni, A., Vignati, A., Vito, I. M., Weiss, K., Wild, D., Zdraveska-Kochovska, M., Aguro, R. N., Alvarado, N., Barral, C. M., Beretta, M., Berrocal, I., Cuellar, J. F. B., Chang, T. -M. C., Rodriguez, L. O. C., Canessa, J., Mora, G. C., AGABITI-ROSEI, Claudia, Clavelo, G. F., Junior, A. F. C., Faccio, F. F., Fernandez, K. M., Garibo, J. R. G., Gonzalez, U., Gonzalez E, P., Guzzo, M. A., Jofre, J., Kapitan, M., Kempfer, G., Lopez, J. L., Massardo V, T., Colaco, I. M., Mesquita, C. T., Montecinos, M., Neubauer, S., Pabon, L. M., Puente, A., Vazquez, L. M. R., Macias, J. A. S., Pino, A. G. S., Huber, F. Z. T., Tovar, A. P., Vargas, L., Wiefels, C., Aljizeeri, A., Alvarez, R. J., Barger, D., Beardwood, W., Behrens, J., Brann, L., Brown, D., Carr, H., Churchwell, K., Comingore, G. A., Corbett, J., Costello, M., Cruz, F., Depinet, T., Dorbala, S., Earles, M., Esteves, F. P., Etherton, E., Fanning, R. J., Fornace, J., Franks, L., Gewirtz, H., Gulanchyn, K., Hannah, C. -L., Hays, J., Hendrickson, J., Hester, J., Holmes, K., Johnson, A., Jopek, C., Lewin, H., Lyons, J., Manley, C., Meden, J., Moore, S., Moore, W. H., Murthy, V., Nace, R., Neely, D., Nelson, L., Niedermaier, O., Rice, D., Rigs, R., Schiffer, K., Schockling, E., Schultz, T., Schumacker, T., Sheesley, B., Sheikh, A., Siegel, B., Slim, A. M., Smith, J., Szulc, M., Tanskersley, N., Tilkemeier, P., Valdez, G. D., Vrooman, R., Wawrowicz, D., Winchester, D. E., Alcheikh, A., Allen, B., Atkins, E., Bevan, J., Bonomini, C., Christiansen, J., Clack, L., Craig, E., Dixson, H., Duncan, I., Fredericks, S., Gales, S., Hampson, R., Hanley, T., Hartcher, K., Hassall, J., Kelley, B., Kelly, S., Kidd, T., de Kort, T., Larcos, G., Macdonald, W., Mcgrath, C., Murdoch, E., O'Malley, S., O'Rourke, M., Pack, M., Pearce, R., Praehofer, R., Ramsay, S., Scarlett, L., Smidt, K., Souvannavong, F., Taubman, K., Taylor, G., Tse, K., Unger, S., and Weale, J.

Subjects
administered activity, diagnostic reference level, radiation dose reduction, SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging, NO
Published
2021

3. Nuclear cardiology practices and radiation exposure in Africa: results from the IAEA Nuclear Cardiology Protocols Study (INCAPS)

Author

Bouyoucef, Salah E., Mercuri, Mathew, Pascual, Thomas N. B., Allam, Adel H., Vangu, Mboyo, Vitola, João V., Better, Nathan, Karthikeyan, Ganesan, Mahmarian, John J., Rehani, Madan M., Kashyap, Ravi, Dondi, Maurizio, Paez, Diana, Einstein, Andrew J., Einstein, A. J., Pascual, T. N. B., Paez, D., Dondi, M., Better, N., Bouyoucef, S. E., Karthikeyan, G., Kashyap, R., Lele, V., Magboo, V. P. C., Mahmarian, J. J., Mercuri, M., Mut, F., Rehani, M. M., Vitola, J. V., Alexánderson, E., Allam, A., Al-Mallah, M. H., Bom, H., Flotats, A., Jerome, S., Kaufmann, P. A., Luxenburg, O., Mahmarian, J., Shaw, L. J., Underwood, S. R., Vitola, J., Amouri, W., Essabbah, H., Gassama, S. S., Makhdomi, K. B., El Mustapha, G. I. E., El Ouchdi, N., Qaïs, N., Soni, N., Vangu, W., Abazid, R. M., Adams, B., Agarwal, V., Alfeeli, M. A., Alnafisi, N., Bernabe, L., Bural, G. G., Chaiwatanarat, T., Chandraguptha, J. M., Cheon, G. J., Cho, I., Dogan, A. S., Eftekhari, M., Frenkel, A., Garty, I., George, S., Geramifar, P., Golan, H., Habib, S., Hussain, R., Im, H., Jeon, H. -J., Kalawat, T., Kang, W. J., Keng, F., Klaipetch, A., Kumar, P. G., Lee, J., Lee, W. W., Lim, I., Macaisa, C. M. M., Malhotra, G., Mittal, B. R., Mohammad, M. H., Mohan, P., Mulyanto, I. D., Nariman, D., Nayak, U. N., Niaz, K., Nikolov, G., Obaldo, J. M., Ozturk, E., Park, J. M., Park, S., Patel, C. D., Phuong, H. K., Quinon, A. P., Rajini, T. R., Saengsuda, Y., Santiago, J., Sayman, H. B., Shinto, A. S., Sivasubramaniyan, V., Son, M. H., Sudhakar, P., Syed, G. M. S., Tamaki, N., Thamnirat, K., Thientunyakit, T., Thongmak, S., Velasco, D. N., Verma, A., Vutrapongwatana, U., Wang, Y., Won, K. S., Yao, Z., Yingsa-Nga, T., Yudistiro, R., Yue, K. T., Zafrir, N., Adrian, S. C., Agostini, D., Aguadé, S., Armitage, G., Backlund, M., Backman, M., Baker, M., Balducci, M. T., Bavelaar, C., Berovic, M., Bertagna, F., Beuchel, R., Biggi, A., Bisi, G., Bonini, R., Bradley, A., Brudin, L., Bruno, I., Busnardo, E., Casoni, R., Choudhri, A., Cittanti, C., Clauss, R., Costa, D. C., Costa, M., Dixon, K., Dziuk, M., Egelic, N., Eriksson, I., Fagioli, G., De Faria, D. B., Florimonte, L., Francini, A., French, M., Gallagher, E., Garai, I., Geatti, O., Genovesi, D., Gianolli, L., Gimelli, A., Del Giudice, E., Halliwell, S., Hansson, M. J., Harrison, C., Homans, F., Horton, F., Jȩdrzejuk, D., Jogi, J., Johansen, A., Johansson, H., Kalnina, M., Kaminek, M., Kiss, A., Kobylecka, M., Kostkiewicz, M., Kropp, J., Kullenberg, R., Lahoutte, T., Lang, O., Larsson, Y. H., Lázár, M., Leccisotti, L., Leners, N., Lindner, O., Lipp, R. W., Maenhout, A., Maffioli, L., Marcassa, C., Martins, B., Marzullo, P., Medolago, G., Mendiguchía, C. G., Mirzaei, S., Mori, M., Nardi, B., Nazarenko, S., Nikoletic, K., Oleksa, R., Parviainen, T., Patrina, J., Peace, R., Pirich, C., Piwowarska-Bilska, H., Popa, S., Prakash, V., Pubul, V., Puklavec, L., Rac, S., Ratniece, M., Rogan, S. A., Romeo, A., Rossi, M., Ruiz, D., Sabharwal, N., Salobir, B. G., Santos, A. I., Saranovic, S., Sarkozi, A., Schneider, R. P., Sciagra, R., Scotti, S., Servini, Z., Setti, L. R., Starck, S-Ã…., Vajauskas, D., Veselý, J., Vieni, A., Vignati, A., Vito, I. M., Weiss, K., Wild, D., Zdraveska-Kochovska, M., Agüro, R. N., Alvarado, N., Barral, C. M., Beretta, M., Berrocal, I., Batista Cuellar, J. F., Cabral Chang, T. -M., Cabrera Rodríguez, L. O., Canessa, J., Castro Mora, G., Claudia, A. C., Clavelo, G. F., Cruz, A. F., Faccio, F. F., Fernández, K. M., Gomez Garibo, J. R., Gonzalez, U., González, P. E., Guzzo, M. A., Jofre, J., Kapitán, M., Kempfer, G., Lopez, J. L., Massardo, T. V., Medeiros Colaco, I., Mesquita, C. T., Montecinos, M., Neubauer, S., Pabon, L. M., Puente, A., Rochela Vazquez, L. M., Serna Macias, J. A., Silva Pino, A. G., Tártari Huber, F. Z., Tovar, A. P., Vargas, L., Wiefels, C., Aljizeeri, A., Alvarez, R. J., Barger, D., Beardwood, W., Behrens, J., Brann, L., Brown, D., Carr, H., Churchwell, K., Comingore, G. A., Corbett, J., Costello, M., Cruz, F., Depinet, T., Dorbala, S., Earles, M., Esteves, F. P., Etherton, E., Fanning, R. J., Fornace, J., Franks, L., Gewirtz, H., Gulanchyn, K., Hannah, C. -L., Hays, J., Hendrickson, J., Hester, J., Holmes, K., Johnson, A., Jopek, C., Lewin, H., Lyons, J., Manley, C., Meden, J., Moore, S., Moore, W. H., Murthy, V., Nace, R., Neely, D., Nelson, L., Niedermaier, O., Rice, D., Rigs, R., Schiffer, K., Schockling, E., Schultz, T., Schumacker, T., Sheesley, B., Sheikh, A., Siegel, B., Slim, A. M., Smith, J., Szulc, M. C., Tanskersley, N., Tilkemeier, P., Valdez, G. D., Vrooman, R., Wawrowicz, D., Winchester, D. E., Alcheikh, A., Allen, B., Atkins, E., Bevan, J., Bonomini, C., Christiansen, J., Clack, L., Craig, E., Dixson, H., Duncan, I., Fredericks, S., Gales, S., Hampson, R., Hanley, T., Hartcher, K., Hassall, J., Kelley, B., Kelly, S., Kidd, T., De Kort, T., Larcos, G., Macdonald, W., Mcgrath, C., Murdoch, E., O'Malley, S., O'Rourke, M., Pack, M., Pearce, R., Praehofer, R., Ramsay, S., Scarlett, L., Smidt, K., Souvannavong, F., Taubman, K., Taylor, G., Tse, K., Unger, S., and Weale, J.

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Heart Diseases, Cross-sectional study, MEDLINE, effective dose, Cardiology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Effective dose (radiation), NO, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, CONSECUTIVE SAMPLE, 03 medical and health sciences, Myocardial perfusion imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, Interquartile range, Internal medicine, medicine, best practices, Humans, Registries, Africa, Best practices, Effective dose, Radiation, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Incidence, Middle Aged, Myocardial Perfusion Imaging, Radiation Exposure, Radiation Injuries, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Tomography, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Cardiovascular Topics, Radiation dose, General Medicine, Radiation exposure, radiation, Emission-Computed, business, Single-Photon
Abstract

OBJECTIVE While nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) offers many benefits to patients with known or suspected cardiovascular disease, concerns exist regarding radiation-associated health effects. Little is known regarding MPI practice in Africa. We sought to characterise radiation doses and the use of MPI best practices that could minimise radiation in African nuclear cardiology laboratories, and compare these to practice worldwide. METHODS Demographics and clinical characteristics were collected for a consecutive sample of 348 patients from 12 laboratories in six African countries over a one-week period from March to April 2013. Radiation effective dose (ED) was estimated for each patient. A quality index (QI) enumerating adherence to eight best practices, identified a priori by an IAEA expert panel, was calculated for each laboratory. We compared these metrics with those from 7 563 patients from 296 laboratories outside Africa. RESULTS Median (interquartile range) patient ED in Africa was similar to that of the rest of the world [9.1 (5.1-15.6) vs 10.3 mSv (6.8-12.6), p = 0.14], although a larger proportion of African patients received a low ED, ≤ 9 mSv targeted in societal recommendations (49.7 vs 38.2%, p < 0.001). Bestpractice adherence was higher among African laboratories (QI score: 6.3 ± 1.2 vs 5.4 ± 1.3, p = 0.013). However, median ED varied significantly among African laboratories (range: 2.0-16.3 mSv; p < 0.0001) and QI range was 4-8. CONCLUSION Patient radiation dose from MPI in Africa was similar to that in the rest of the world, and adherence to best practices was relatively high in African laboratories. Nevertheless there remain opportunities to further reduce radiation exposure to African patients from MPI.

Published
2017

4. Nuclear cardiology practice in Asia: Analysis of radiation exposure and best practice for myocardial perfusion imaging ― results from the IAEA nuclear cardiology protocols cross-sectional study (INCAPS)

Author

Pascual, Tnb, Mercuri, M, El-Haj, N, Hee-Sung Bom, H, Lele, V, Al-Mallah, Mh, Luxenburg, O, Karthikeyan, G, Vitola, Jv, Mahmarian, Jj, Better, N, Shaw, Lj, Rehani, Mm, Kashyap, R, Paez, D, Dondi, M, Eistein, Aj, Bouyoucef, Salah E., Allam, Adel H., Vangu, Mboyo, Magboo, V. P. C., Mut, F., Alexánderson, E., Allam, A., Bom, H., Flotats, A., Jerome, S., Kaufmann, P. A., Underwood, S. R., Vitola, J., Amouri, W., Essabbah, H., Gassama, S. S., Makhdomi, K. B., El Mustapha, G. I. E., El Ouchdi, N., Qaïs, N., Soni, N., Vangu, W., Abazid, R. M., Adams, B., Agarwal, V., Alfeeli, M. A., Alnafisi, N., Bernabe, L., Bural, G. G., Chaiwatanarat, T., Chandraguptha, J. M., Cheon, G. J., Cho, I., Dogan, A. S., Eftekhari, M., Frenkel, A., Garty, I., George, S., Geramifar, P., Golan, H., Habib, S., Hussain, R., Im, H., Jeon, H. -J., Kalawat, T., Kang, W. J., Keng, F., Klaipetch, A., Kumar, P. G., Lee, J., Lee, W. W., Lim, I., Macaisa, C. M. M., Malhotra, G., Mittal, B. R., Mohammad, M. H., Mohan, P., Mulyanto, I. D., Nariman, D., Nayak, U. N., Niaz, K., Nikolov, G., Obaldo, J. M., Ozturk, E., Park, J. M., Park, S., Patel, C. D., Phuong, H. K., Quinon, A. P., Rajini, T. R., Saengsuda, Y., Santiago, J., Sayman, H. B., Shinto, A. S., Sivasubramaniyan, V., Son, M. H., Sudhakar, P., Syed, G. M. S., Tamaki, N., Thamnirat, K., Thientunyakit, T., Thongmak, S., Velasco, D. N., Verma, A., Vutrapongwatana, U., Wang, Y., Won, K. S., Yao, Z., Yingsa-Nga, T., Yudistiro, R., Yue, K. T., Zafrir, N., Adrian, S. C., Agostini, D., Aguadé, S., Armitage, G., Backlund, M., Backman, M., Baker, M., Balducci, M. T., Bavelaar, C., Berovic, M., Bertagna, F., Beuchel, R., Biggi, A., Bisi, G., Bonini, R., Bradley, A., Brudin, L., Bruno, I., Busnardo, E., Casoni, R., Choudhri, A., Cittanti, C., Clauss, R., Costa, D. C., Costa, M., Dixon, K., Dziuk, M., Egelic, N., Eriksson, I., Fagioli, G., De Faria, D. B., Florimonte, L., Francini, A., French, M., Gallagher, E., Garai, I., Geatti, O., Genovesi, D., Gianolli, L., Gimelli, A., Del Giudice, E., Halliwell, S., Hansson, M. J., Harrison, C., Homans, F., Horton, F., Jȩdrzejuk, D., Jogi, J., Johansen, A., Johansson, H., Kalnina, M., Kaminek, M., Kiss, A., Kobylecka, M., Kostkiewicz, M., Kropp, J., Kullenberg, R., Lahoutte, T., Lang, O., Larsson, Y. H., Lázár, M., Leccisotti, L., Leners, N., Lindner, O., Lipp, R. W., Maenhout, A., Maffioli, L., Marcassa, C., Martins, B., Marzullo, P., Medolago, G., Mendiguchía, C. G., Mirzaei, S., Mori, M., Nardi, B., Nazarenko, S., Nikoletic, K., Oleksa, R., Parviainen, T., Patrina, J., Peace, R., Pirich, C., Piwowarska-Bilska, H., Popa, S., Prakash, V., Pubul, V., Puklavec, L., Rac, S., Ratniece, M., Rogan, S. A., Romeo, A., Rossi, M., Ruiz, D., Sabharwal, N., Salobir, B. G., Santos, A. I., Saranovic, S., Sarkozi, A., Schneider, R. P., Sciagra, R., Scotti, S., Servini, Z., Setti, L. R., Starck, S-Ã…., Vajauskas, D., Veselý, J., Vieni, A., Vignati, A., Vito, I. M., Weiss, K., Wild, D., Zdraveska-Kochovska, M., Agüro, R. N., Alvarado, N., Barral, C. M., Beretta, M., Berrocal, I., Batista Cuellar, J. F., Cabral Chang, T. -M., Cabrera Rodríguez, L. O., Canessa, J., Castro Mora, G., Claudia, A. C., Clavelo, G. F., Cruz, A. F., Faccio, F. F., Fernández, K. M., Gomez Garibo, J. R., Gonzalez, U., González, P. E., Guzzo, M. A., Jofre, J., Kapitán, M., Kempfer, G., Lopez, J. L., Massardo, T. V., Medeiros Colaco, I., Mesquita, C. T., Montecinos, M., Neubauer, S., Pabon, L. M., Puente, A., Rochela Vazquez, L. M., Serna Macias, J. A., Silva Pino, A. G., Tártari Huber, F. Z., Tovar, A. P., Vargas, L., Wiefels, C., Aljizeeri, A., Alvarez, R. J., Barger, D., Beardwood, W., Behrens, J., Brann, L., Brown, D., Carr, H., Churchwell, K., Comingore, G. A., Corbett, J., Costello, M., Cruz, F., Depinet, T., Dorbala, S., Earles, M., Esteves, F. P., Etherton, E., Fanning, R. J., Fornace, J., Franks, L., Gewirtz, H., Gulanchyn, K., Hannah, C. -L., Hays, J., Hendrickson, J., Hester, J., Holmes, K., Johnson, A., Jopek, C., Lewin, H., Lyons, J., Manley, C., Meden, J., Moore, S., Moore, W. H., Murthy, V., Nace, R., Neely, D., Nelson, L., Niedermaier, O., Rice, D., Rigs, R., Schiffer, K., Schockling, E., Schultz, T., Schumacker, T., Sheesley, B., Sheikh, A., Siegel, B., Slim, A. M., Smith, J., Szulc, M. C., Tanskersley, N., Tilkemeier, P., Valdez, G. D., Vrooman, R., Wawrowicz, D., Winchester, D. E., Alcheikh, A., Allen, B., Atkins, E., Bevan, J., Bonomini, C., Christiansen, J., Clack, L., Craig, E., Dixson, H., Duncan, I., Fredericks, S., Gales, S., Hampson, R., Hanley, T., Hartcher, K., Hassall, J., Kelley, B., Kelly, S., Kidd, T., De Kort, T., Larcos, G., Macdonald, W., Mcgrath, C., Murdoch, E., O'Malley, S., O'Rourke, M., Pack, M., Pearce, R., Praehofer, R., Ramsay, S., Scarlett, L., Smidt, K., Souvannavong, F., Taubman, K., Taylor, G., Tse, K., Unger, S., and Weale, J.

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Asia, Cross-sectional study, Best practice, Cardiology, Practice Patterns, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Radiation Dosage, Effective dose (radiation), 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, Myocardial perfusion imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Medical physics, Dosing, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Quality of care, Thallium, Aged, Quality of Health Care, Radiation, Physicians', medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Radiation dose, Technetium, Nuclear cardiology, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Radiation Exposure, Radiation exposure, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Nuclear Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Abstract

BACKGROUND This paper examines the current status of radiation exposure to patients in myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in Asia.Methods and Results:Laboratories voluntarily provided information on MPI performed over a 1-week period. Eight best practice criteria regarding MPI were predefined by an expert panel. Implementation of ≥6 best practices (quality index [QI] ≥6) was pre-specified as a desirable goal for keeping radiation exposure at a low level. Radiation effective dose (ED) in 1,469 patients and QI of 69 laboratories in Asia were compared against data from 239 laboratories in the rest of the world (RoW). Mean ED was significantly higher in Asia (11.4 vs. 9.6 mSv; P

Published
2017

5. Estimating the Reduction in the Radiation Burden From Nuclear Cardiology Through Use of Stress-Only Imaging in the United States and Worldwide

Author

Mathew, Mercuri, Pascual, Thomas N. B., Mahmarian, John J., Shaw, Leslee J., Maurizio, Dondi, Diana, Paez, Einstein, A. J., Pascual, T. N. B., Paez, D., Dondi, M., Better, N., Bouyoucef, S. E., Karthikeyan, G., Kashyap, R., Lele, V., Mut, F., Magboo, V. P. C., Mahmarian, J. J., Mercuri, M., Rehani, M. M., Vitola, J. V., Alexanderson, E., Allam, A., Al-Mallah, M. H., Bom, H., Flotats, A., Jerome, S., Kaufmann, P. A., Luxenburg, O., Mahmarian, J., Shaw, L. J., Underwood, S. R., Vitola, J., Amouri, W., Essabbah, H., Gassama, S. S., Makhdomi, K. B., El Mustapha, G. I. E., El Ouchdi, N., Qaïs, N., Soni, N., Vangu, W., Abazid, R. M., Adams, B., Agarwal, V., Alfeeli, M. A., Alnafisi, N., Bernabe, L., Bural, G. G., Chaiwatanarat, T., Chandraguptha, J. M., Cheon, G. J., Cho, I., Dogan, A. S., Eftekhari, M., Frenkel, A., Garty, I., George, S., Geramifar, P., Golan, H., Habib, S., Hussain, R., Im, H., Jeon, H-J., Kalawat, T., Kang, W. J., Keng, F., Klaipetch, A., Kumar, P. G., Lee, J., Lee, W. W., Lim, I., Macaisa, C. M. M., Malhotra, G., Mittal, B. R., Mohammad, M. H., Mohan, P., Mulyanto, I. D., Nariman, D., Nayak, U. N., Niaz, K., Nikolov, G., Obaldo, J. M., Ozturk, E., Park, J. M., Park, S., Patel, C. D., Phuong, H. K., Quinon, A. P., Rajini, T. R., Saengsuda, Y., Santiago, J., Sayman, H. B., Shinto, A. S., Sivasubramaniyan, V., Son, M. H., Sudhakar, P., Syed, G. M. S., Tamaki, N., Thamnirat, K., Thientunyakit, T., Thongmak, S., Velasco, D. N., Verma, A., Vutrapongwatana, U., Wang, Y., Won, K. S., Yao, Z., Yingsa-nga, T., Yudistiro, R., Yue, K. T., Zafrir, N., Adrian, S. C., Agostini, D., Aguadé, S., Armitage, G., Backlund, M., Backman, M., Baker, M., Balducci, M. T., Bavelaar, C., Berovic, M., Bertagna, F., Beuchel, R., Biggi, A., Bisi, G., Bonini, R., Bradley, A., Brudin, L., Bruno, Iliane Chiara, Busnardo, E., Casoni, R., Choudhri, A., Cittanti, C., Clauss, R., Costa, D. C., Costa, M., Dixon, K., Dziuk, M., Egelic, N., Eriksson, I., Fagioli, G., de Faria, D. B., Florimonte, L., Francini, A., French, M., Gallagher, E., Garai, I., Geatti, O., Genovesi, D., Gianolli, L., Gimelli, A., del Giudice, E., Halliwell, S., Hansson, M. J., Harrison, C., Homans, F., Horton, F., Jędrzejuk, D., Jogi, J., Johansen, A., Johansson, H., Kalnina, M., Kaminek, M., Kiss, A., Kobylecka, M., Kostkiewicz, M., Kropp, J., Kullenberg, R., Lahoutte, T., Lang, O., Larsson, Y. H., Lázár, M., Leccisotti, L., Leners, N., Lindner, O., Lipp, R. W., Maenhout, A., Maffioli, L., Marcassa, C., Martins, B., Marzullo, P., Medolago, G., Meeks, J. B., Mendiguchía, C. G., Mirzaei, S., Mori, M., Nardi, B., Nazarenko, S., Nikoletic, K., Oleksa, R., Parviainen, T., Patrina, J., Peace, R., Pirich, C., Piwowarska-Bilska, H., Popa, S., Prakash, V., Pubul, V., Puklavec, L., Rac, S., Ratniece, M., Rogan, S. A., Romeo, A., Rossi, M., Ruiz, D., Sabharwal, N., Salobir, B. G., Santos, A. I., Saranovic, S., Sarkozi, A., Schneider, R. P., Sciagra, R., Scotti, S., Servini, Z., Setti, L. R., Starck, S. -Å., Vajauskas, D., Veselý, J., Vieni, A., Vignati, A., Vito, I. M., Weiss, K., Wild, D., Zdraveska-Kochovska, M., Agüro, R. N., Alvarado, N., Barral, C. M., Beretta, M., Berrocal, I., Batista Cuellar, J. F., Cabral Chang, T. -M., Cabrera Rodríguez, L. O., Canessa, J., Castro Mora, G., Claudia, A. C., Clavelo, G. F., Cruz Jr, A. F., Faccio, F. F., Fernández, K. M., Gomez Garibo, J. R., Gonzalez, U., González, P., Guzzo, M. A., Jofre, J., Kapitán, M., Kempfer, G., Lopez, J. L., Massardo, T., Medeiros Colaco, I., Mesquita, C. T., Montecinos, M., Neubauer, S., Pabon, L. M., Puente, A., Rochela Vazquez, L. M., Serna Macias, J. A., Silva Pino, A. G., Tártari Huber, F. Z., Tovar, A. P., Vargas, L., Wiefels, C., Aljizeeri, A., Alvarez, R. J., Barger, D., Beardwood, W., Behrens, J., Brann, L., Brown, D., Carr, H., Churchwell, K., Comingore, G. A., Corbett, J., Costello, M., Cruz, F., Depinet, T., Dorbala, S., Earles, M., Esteves, F. P., Etherton, E., Fanning Jr, R. J., Fornace, J., Franks, L., Gewirtz, H., Gulanchyn, K., Hannah, C. -L., Hays, J., Hendrickson, J., Hester, J., Holmes, K., Johnson, A., Jopek, C., Lewin, H., Lyons, J., Manley, C., Meden, J., Moore, S., Moore, W. H., Murthy, V., Nace, R., Neely, D., Nelson, L., Niedermaier, O., Rice, D., Rigs, R., Schiffer, K., Schockling, E., Schultz, T., Schumacker, T., Sheesley, B., Sheikh, A., Siegel, B., Slim, A. M., Smith, J., Szulc, M., Tanskersley, N., Tilkemeier, P., Valdez, G. D., Vrooman, R., Wawrowicz, D., Winchester, D. E., Alcheikh, A., Allen, B., Atkins, E., Bevan, J., Bonomini, C., Christiansen, J., Clack, L., Craig, E., Dixson, H., Duncan, I., Fredericks, S., Gales, S., Hampson, R., Hanley, T., Hartcher, K., Hassall, J., Kelley, B., Kelly, S., Kidd, T., de Kort, T., Larcos, G., Macdonald, W., Mcgrath, C., Murdoch, E., O’Malley, S., O’Rourke, M., Pack, M., Pearce, R., Praehofer, R., Ramsay, S., Scarlett, L., Smidt, K., Souvannavong, F., Taubman, K., Taylor, G., Tse, K., Unger, S., and Weale, J.

Subjects
South asia, business.industry, Coronary arteriosclerosis, Myocardial Perfusion Imaging, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Radiation Dosage, Thallium stress test, Clinical Protocols, Exercise Test, Humans, United States, Internal Medicine, Executive committee, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, NO, Radiation exposure, 03 medical and health sciences, Kingdom, 0302 clinical medicine, Radiology Specialty, Medicine, business, Humanities
Abstract

Group Information: The INCAPS Investigators Group includes executive committee members A. J. Einstein (chair), T. N. B. Pascual (IAEA project lead), D. Paez (IAEA section head), M. Dondi (IAEA section head); N. Better, S.E. Bouyoucef, G. Karthikeyan, R. Kashyap, V. Lele, F. Mut, V. P. C. Magboo, J. J. Mahmarian, M. Mercuri, M. M. Rehani, and J. V. Vitola, and regional coordinators E. Alexanderson (Latin America), A. Allam (Africa andMiddle East), M. H. Al-Mallah (Middle East), N. Better (Oceania), S. E. Bouyoucef (Africa), H. Bom (East Asia), A. Flotats (Europe), S. Jerome (United States), P. A. Kaufmann (Europe), V. Lele (South Asia), O. Luxenburg (Israel), J. Mahmarian (North America), L. J. Shaw (North America), S. R. Underwood (United Kingdom), and J. Vitola (Latin America). Members by region include W. Amouri, H. Essabbah, S. S. Gassama, K. B. Makhdomi, G. I. E. El Mustapha, N. El Ouchdi, N. Qais, N. Soni, andW. Vangu (Africa); R. M. Abazid, B. Adams, V. Agarwal, M. A. Alfeeli, N. Alnafisi, L. Bernabe, G. G. Bural, T. Chaiwatanarat, J. M. Chandraguptha, G. J. Cheon, I. Cho, A. S. Dogan, M. Eftekhari, A. Frenkel, I. Garty, S. George, P. Geramifar, H. Golan, S. Habib, R. Hussain, H. Im, H-J. Jeon, T. Kalawat, W. J. Kang, F. Keng, A. Klaipetch, P. G. Kumar, J. Lee, W.W. Lee, I. Lim, C. M. M. Macaisa, G. Malhotra, B. R. Mittal, M. H. Mohammad, P. Mohan, I. D. Mulyanto, D. Nariman, U. N. Nayak, K. Niaz, G. Nikolov, J. M. Obaldo, E. Ozturk, J. M. Park, S. Park, C. D. Patel, H. K. Phuong, A. P. Quinon, T. R. Rajini, Y. Saengsuda, J. Santiago, H. B. Sayman, A. S. Shinto, V. Sivasubramaniyan, M. H. Son, P. Sudhakar, G. M. S. Syed, N. Tamaki, K. Thamnirat, T. Thientunyakit, S. Thongmak, D. N. Velasco, A. Verma, U. Vutrapongwatana, Y. Wang, K. S. Won, Z. Yao, T. Yingsa-nga, R. Yudistiro, K. T. Yue, and N. Zafrir (Asia); S. C. Adrian, D. Agostini, S. Aguade, G. Armitage, M. Backlund, M. Backman, M. Baker, M. T. Balducci, C. Bavelaar, M. Berovic, F. Bertagna, R. Beuchel, A. Biggi, G. Bisi, R. Bonini, A. Bradley, L. Brudin, I. Bruno, E. Busnardo, R. Casoni, A. Choudhri, C. Cittanti, R. Clauss, D. C. Costa, M. Costa, K. Dixon, M. Dziuk, N. Egelic, I. Eriksson, G. Fagioli, D. B. de Faria, L. Florimonte, A. Francini, M. French, E. Gallagher, I. Garai, O. Geatti, D. Genovesi, L. Gianolli, A. Gimelli, E. del Giudice, S. Halliwell, M. J. Hansson, C. Harrison, F. Homans, F. Horton, D. Jedrzejuk, J. Jogi, A. Johansen, H. Johansson, M. Kalnina, M. Kaminek, A. Kiss, M. Kobylecka, M. Kostkiewicz, J. Kropp, R. Kullenberg, T. Lahoutte, O. Lang, Y. H. Larsson, M. Lazar, L. Leccisotti, N. Leners, O. Lindner, R. W. Lipp, A. Maenhout, L. Maffioli, C. Marcassa, B. Martins, P. Marzullo, G. Medolago, J. B. Meeks, C. G. Mendiguchia, S. Mirzaei, M. Mori, B. Nardi, S. Nazarenko, K. Nikoletic, R. Oleksa, T. Parviainen, J. Patrina, R. Peace, C. Pirich, H. Piwowarska-Bilska, S. Popa, V. Prakash, V. Pubul, L. Puklavec, S. Rac, M. Ratniece, S. A. Rogan, A. Romeo, M. Rossi, D. Ruiz, N. Sabharwal, B. G. Salobir, A. I. Santos, S. Saranovic, A. Sarkozi, R. P. Schneider, R. Sciagra, S. Scotti, Z. Servini, L. R. Setti, S.-A. Starck, D. Vajauskas, J. Veselý, A. Vieni, A. Vignati, I. M. Vito, K. Weiss, D. Wild, andM. Zdraveska-Kochovska (Europe); R. N. Aguro, N. Alvarado, C. M. Barral, M. Beretta, I. Berrocal, J. F. Batista Cuellar, T.-M. Cabral Chang, L. O. Cabrera Rodriguez, J. Canessa, G. Castro Mora, A. C. Claudia, G. F. Clavelo, A. F. Cruz Jr, F. F. Faccio, K. M. Fernandez, J. R. Gomez Garibo, U. Gonzalez, P. Gonzalez, M. A. Guzzo, J. Jofre, M. Kapitan, G. Kempfer, J. L. Lopez, T. Massardo, I. Medeiros Colaco, C. T. Mesquita, M. Montecinos, S. Neubauer, L. M. Pabon, A. Puente, L. M. Rochela Vazquez, J. A. Serna Macias, A. G. Silva Pino, F. Z. Tartari Huber, A. P. Tovar, L. Vargas, and C. Wiefels (Latin America); A. Aljizeeri, R. J. Alvarez, D. Barger, W. Beardwood, J. Behrens, L. Brann, D. Brown, H. Carr, K. Churchwell, G. A. Comingore, J. Corbett, M. Costello, F. Cruz, T. Depinet, S. Dorbala, M. Earles, F. P. Esteves, E. Etherton, R. J. Fanning Jr, J. Fornace, L. Franks, H. Gewirtz, K. Gulanchyn, C.-L. Hannah, J. Hays, J. Hendrickson, J. Hester, K. Holmes, S. Jerome, A. Johnson, C. Jopek, H. Lewin, J. Lyons, C. Manley, J. Meden, S. Moore, W. H. Moore, V. Murthy, R. Nace, D. Neely, L. Nelson, O. Niedermaier, D. Rice, R. Rigs, K. Schiffer, E. Schockling, T. Schultz, T. Schumacker, B. Sheesley, A. Sheikh, B. Siegel, A. M. Slim, J. Smith, M. Szulc, N. Tanskersley, P. Tilkemeier, G. D. Valdez, R. Vrooman, D. Wawrowicz, and D. E. Winchester (North America); and A. Alcheikh, B. Allen, E. Atkins, J. Bevan, C. Bonomini, J. Christiansen, L. Clack, E. Craig, H. Dixson, I. Duncan, S. Fredericks, S. Gales, R. Hampson, T. Hanley, K. Hartcher, J. Hassall, B. Kelley, S. Kelly, T. Kidd, T. de Kort, G. Larcos, W. Macdonald, C. McGrath, E. Murdoch, S. O’Malley, M. O’Rourke, M. Pack, R. Pearce, R. Praehofer, S. Ramsay, L. Scarlett, K. Smidt, F. Souvannavong, K. Taubman, G. Taylor, K. Tse, S. Unger, and J. Weale (Oceania).

Published
2016

6. Gender Differences in Radiation Dose from Nuclear Cardiology Studies Across the World Findings from the INCAPS Registry

Author

Shi, Lynn, Dorbala, Sharmila, Paez, Diana, Shaw, Leslee J., Zukotynski, Katherine A., Pascual, Thomas N. B., Karthikeyan, Ganesan, Vitola, João V., Better, Nathan, Bokhari, Nadia, Rehani, Madan M., Kashyap, Ravi, Dondi, Maurizio, Mercuri, Mathew, Einstein, Andrew J., Einstein, A. J., Pascual, T. N. B., Paez, D., Dondi, M., Better, N., Bouyoucef, S. E., Karthikeyan, G., Kashyap, R., Lele, V., Magboo, V. P. C., Mahmarian, J. J., Meeks, J. B., Mut, F., Rehani, M. M., Vitola, J. V., Alexanderson, E., Allam, A., Al-Mallah, M. H., Bom, H., Flotats, A., Jerome, S., Kaufmann, P. A., Luxenburg, O., Mahmarian, J., Shaw, L. J., Underwood, S. R., Vitola, J., Amouri, W., Essabbah, H., Gassama, S. S., Makhdomi, K. B., El Mustapha, G. I. E., El Ouchdi, N., Qaïs, N., Soni, N., Vangu, W., Abazid, R. M., Adams, B., Agarwal, V., Alfeeli, M. A., Alnafisi, N., Bernabe, L., Bural, G. G., Chaiwatanarat, T., Chandraguptha, J. M., Cheon, G. J., Cho, I., Dogan, A. S., Eftekhari, M., Frenkel, A., Garty, I., George, S., Geramifar, P., Golan, H., Habib, S., Hussain, R., Im, H., Jeon, H. -J., Kalawat, T., Kang, W. J., Keng, F., Klaipetch, A., Kumar, P. G., Lee, J., Lee, W. W., Lim, I., Macaisa, C. M. M., Malhotra, G., Mittal, B. R., Mohammad, M. H., Mohan, P., Mulyanto, I. D., Nariman, D., Nayak, U. N., Niaz, K., Nikolov, G., Obaldo, J. M., Ozturk, E., Park, J. M., Park, S., Patel, C. D., Phuong, H. K., Quinon, A. P., Rajini, T. R., Saengsuda, Y., Santiago, J., Sayman, H. B., Shinto, A. S., Sivasubramaniyan, V., Son, M. H., Sudhakar, P., Syed, G. M. S., Tamaki, N., Thamnirat, K., Thientunyakit, T., Thongmak, S., Velasco, D. N., Verma, A., Vutrapongwatana, U., Wang, Y., Won, K. S., Yao, Z., Yingsa-Nga, T., Yudistiro, R., Yue, K. T., Zafrir, N., Adrian, S. C., Agostini, D., Aguadé, S., Armitage, G., Backlund, M., Backman, M., Baker, M., Balducci, M. T., Bavelaar, C., Berovic, M., Bertagna, F., Beuchel, R., Biggi, A., Bisi, G., Bonini, R., Bradley, A., Brudin, L., Bruno, I., Busnardo, E., Casoni, R., Choudhri, A., Cittanti, C., Clauss, R., Costa, D. C., Costa, M., Dixon, K., Dziuk, M., Egelic, N., Eriksson, I., Fagioli, G., De Faria, D. B., Florimonte, L., Francini, A., French, M., Gallagher, E., Garai, I., Geatti, O., Genovesi, D., Gianolli, L., Gimelli, A., Del Giudice, E., Halliwell, S., Hansson, M. J., Harrison, C., Homans, F., Horton, F., Jȩdrzejuk, D., Jogi, J., Johansen, A., Johansson, H., Kalnina, M., Kaminek, M., Kiss, A., Kobylecka, M., Kostkiewicz, M., Kropp, J., Kullenberg, R., Lahoutte, T., Lang, O., Larsson, Y. H., Lázár, M., Leccisotti, L., Leners, N., Lindner, O., Lipp, R. W., Maenhout, A., Maffioli, L., Marcassa, C., Martins, B., Marzullo, P., Medolago, G., Mendiguchía, C. G., Mirzaei, S., Mori, M., Nardi, B., Nazarenko, S., Nikoletic, K., Oleksa, R., Parviainen, T., Patrina, J., Peace, R., Pirich, C., Piwowarska-Bilska, H., Popa, S., Prakash, V., Pubul, V., Puklavec, L., Rac, S., Ratniece, M., Rogan, S. A., Romeo, A., Rossi, M., Ruiz, D., Sabharwal, N., Salobir, B. G., Santos, A. I., Saranovic, S., Sarkozi, A., Schneider, R. P., Sciagra, R., Scotti, S., Servini, Z., Setti, L. R., Starck, S. -A., Vajauskas, D., Veselý, J., Vieni, A., Vignati, A., Vito, I. M., Weiss, K., Wild, D., Zdraveska-Kochovska, M., Agüro, R. N., Alvarado, N., Barral, C. M., Beretta, M., Berrocal, I., Batista Cuellar, J. F., Cabral Chang, T. -M., Cabrera Rodríguez, L. O., Canessa, J., Castro Mora, G., Claudia, A. C., Clavelo, G. F., Cruz Júnior, A. F., Faccio, F. F., Fernández, K. M., Gomez Garibo, J. R., Gonzalez, U., González, E. P., Guzzo, M. A., Jofre, J., Kapitán, M., Kempfer, G., Lopez, J. L., Massardo, V. T., Medeiros Colaco, I., Mesquita, C. T., Montecinos, M., Neubauer, S., Pabon, L. M., Puente, A., Rochela Vazquez, L. M., Serna Macias, J. A., Silva Pino, A. G., Tártari Huber, F. Z., Tovar, A. P., Vargas, L., Wiefels, C., Aljizeeri, A., Alvarez, R. J., Barger, D., Beardwood, W., Behrens, J., Brann, L., Brown, D., Carr, H., Churchwell, K., Comingore, G. A., Corbett, J., Costello, M., Cruz, F., Depinet, T., Dorbala, S., Earles, M., Esteves, F. P., Etherton, E., Fanning, R. J., Fornace, J., Franks, L., Gewirtz, H., Gulanchyn, K., Hannah, C. -L., Hays, J., Hendrickson, J., Hester, J., Holmes, K., Johnson, A., Jopek, C., Lewin, H., Lyons, J., Manley, C., Meden, J., Moore, S., Moore, W. H., Murthy, V., Nace, R., Neely, D., Nelson, L., Niedermaier, O., Rice, D., Rigs, R., Schiffer, K., Schockling, E., Schultz, T., Schumacker, T., Sheesley, B., Sheikh, A., Siegel, B., Slim, A. M., Smith, J., Szulc, M., Tanskersley, N., Tilkemeier, P., Valdez, G. D., Vrooman, R., Wawrowicz, D., Winchester, D. E., Alcheikh, A., Allen, B., Atkins, E., Bevan, J., Bonomini, C., Christiansen, J., Clack, L., Craig, E., Dixson, H., Duncan, I., Fredericks, S., Gales, S., Hampson, R., Hanley, T., Hartcher, K., Hassall, J., Kelley, B., Kelly, S., Kidd, T., De Kort, T., Larcos, G., Macdonald, W., Mcgrath, C., Murdoch, E., O'Malley, S., O'Rourke, M., Pack, M., Pearce, R., Praehofer, R., Ramsay, S., Scarlett, L., Smidt, K., Souvannavong, F., Taubman, K., Taylor, G., Tse, K., Unger, S., and Weale, J.

Subjects
gender, nuclear cardiology, radiation exposure, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Africa, Aged, Asia, Chi-Square Distribution, Coronary Circulation, Cross-Sectional Studies, Europe, Female, Heart Diseases, Humans, Latin America, Linear Models, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Myocardial Perfusion Imaging, North America, Oceania, Odds Ratio, Radiopharmaceuticals, Registries, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Healthcare Disparities, Positron-Emission Tomography, Radiation Dosage, Radiation Exposure, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, Radiology, NO
Published
2016

7. Comparison of Radiation Doses and Best-Practice Use for Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in US and Non-US Laboratories: Findings From the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) Nuclear Cardiology Protocols Study

Author

Mercuri, Mathew, N B, Pascual Thomas, Mahmarian John, J, Shaw Leslee, J, Rehani Madan, M, Paez, Diana, Einstein, Andrew J, INCAPS Investigators Group: Pascual, T, Paez, D, Dondi, M, Better, N, Bouyoucef, Se, Karthikeyan, G, Kashyap, R, Lele, V, Mut, F, Magboo, V, Mahmarian, J, Mercuri, M, Rehani, M, Vitola, J, Alexanderson, E, Allam, A, Al-Mallah, M, Bouyoucef, S, Bom, H, Flotats, A, Jerome, S, Kaufmann, P, Luxenburg, O, Shaw, L, Underwood, S, Amouri, W, Essabbah, H, Gassama, S, Makhdomi, K, El Mustapha, G, El Ouchdi, N, Qaïs, N, Soni, N, Vangu, W, Abazid, R, Adams, B, Agarwal, V, Alfeeli, M, Alnafisi, N, Bernabe, L, Bural, G, Chaiwatanarat, T, Chandraguptha, J, Cheon, G, Cho, I, Dogan, A, Eftekhari, M, Frenkel, A, Garty, I, George, S, Geramifar, P, Golan, H, Habib, S, Hussain, R, Im, H, Jeon, Hj, Kalawat, T, Kang, W, Keng, F, Klaipetch, A, Kumar, P, Lee, J, Lee, W, Lim, I, Macaisa, C, Malhotra, G, Mittal, B, Mohammad, M, Mohan, P, Mulyanto, I, Nariman, D, Nayak, U, Niaz, K, Nikolov, G, Obaldo, J, Ozturk, E, Park, J, Park, S, Patel, C, Phuong, H, Quinon, A, Rajini, T, Saengsuda, Y, Santiago, J, Sayman, H, Shinto, A, Sivasubramaniyan, V, Son, M, Sudhakar, P, Syed, G, Tamaki, N, Thamnirat, K, Thientunyakit, T, Thongmak, S, Velasco, D, Verma, A, Vutrapongwatana, U, Wang, Y, Won, K, Yao, Z, Yingsa-nga, T, Yudistiro, R, Yue, K, Zafrir, N, Adrian, S, Agostini, D, Aguadé, S, Armitage, G, Backlund, M, Backman, M, Baker, M, Balducci, M, Bavelaar, C, Berovic, M, Bertagna, F, Beuchel, R, Biggi, A, Bisi, G, Bonini, R, Bradley, A, Brudin, L, Bruno, I, Busnardo, E, Casoni, R, Choudhri, A, Cittanti, C, Clauss, R, Costa, D, Costa, M, Dixon, K, Dziuk, M, Egelic, N, Eriksson, I, Fagioli, G, de Faria, D, Florimonte, L, Francini, A, French, M, Gallagher, E, Garai, I, Geatti, O, Genovesi, D, Gianolli, L, Gimelli, A, del Giudice, E, Halliwell, S, Hansson, M, Harrison, C, Homans, F, Horton, F, Jędrzejuk, D, Jogi, J, Johansen, A, Johansson, H, Kalnina, M, Kaminek, M, Kiss, A, Kobylecka, M, Kostkiewicz, M, Kropp, J, Kullenberg, R, Lahoutte, T, Lang, O, Larsson, Y, Lázár, M, Leccisotti, L, Leners, N, Lindner, O, Lipp, R, Maenhout, A, Maffioli, L, Marcassa, C, Martins, B, Marzullo, P, Medolago, G, Meeks, J, Mendiguchía, C, Mirzaei, S, Mori, M, Nardi, B, Nazarenko, S, Nikoletic, K, Oleksa, R, Parviainen, T, Patrina, J, Peace, R, Pirich, C, Piwowarska-Bilska, H, Popa, S, Prakash, V, Pubul, V, Puklavec, L, Rac, S, Ratniece, M, Rogan, S, Romeo, A, Rossi, M, Ruiz, D, Sabharwal, N, Salobir, B, Santos, A, Saranovic, S, Sarkozi, A, Schneider, R, Sciagra, R, Scotti, S, Servini, Z, Setti, L, Starck, Så, Vajauskas, D, Veselý, J, Vieni, A, Vignati, A, Vito, I, Weiss, K, Wild, D, Zdraveska-Kochovska, M, Agüro, R, Alvarado, N, Barral, C, Beretta, M, Berrocal, I, Batista Cuellar, J, Cabral Chang TM, Cabrera Rodríguez, L, Canessa, J, Castro Mora, G, Claudia, A, Clavelo, G, Cruz, A Jr, Faccio, F, Fernández, K, Gomez Garibo, J, Gonzalez, U, González, P, Guzzo, M, Jofre, J, Kapitán, M, Kempfer, G, Lopez, J, Massardo, T, Medeiros Colaco, I, Mesquita, C, Montecinos, M, Neubauer, S, Pabon, L, Puente, A, Rochela Vazquez, L, Serna Macias, J, Silva Pino, A, Tártari Huber, F, Tovar, A, Vargas, L, Wiefels, C, Aljizeeri, A, Alvarez, R, Barger, D, Beardwood, W, Behrens, J, Brann, L, Brown, D, Carr, H, Churchwell, K, Comingore, G, Corbett, J, Costello, M, Cruz, F, Depinet, T, Dorbala, S, Earles, M, Esteves, F, Etherton, E, Fanning, R Jr, Fornace, J, Franks, L, Gewirtz, H, Gulanchyn, K, Hannah, Cl, Hays, J, Hendrickson, J, Hester, J, Holmes, K, Johnson, A, Jopek, C, Lewin, H, Lyons, J, Manley, C, Meden, J, Moore, S, Moore, W, Murthy, V, Nace, R, Neely, D, Nelson, L, Niedermaier, O, Rice, D, Rigs, R, Schiffer, K, Schockling, E, Schultz, T, Schumacker, T, Sheesley, B, Sheikh, A, Siegel, B, Slim, A, Smith, J, Szulc, M, Tanskersley, N, Tilkemeier, P, Valdez, G, Vrooman, R, Wawrowicz, D, Winchester, D, Alcheikh, A, Allen, B, Atkins, E, Bevan, J, Bonomini, C, Christiansen, J, Clack, L, Craig, E, Dixson, H, Duncan, I, Fredericks, S, Gales, S, Hampson, R, Hanley, T, Hartcher, K, Hassall, J, Kelley, B, Kelly, S, Kidd, T, de Kort, T, Larcos, G, Macdonald, W, Mcgrath, C, Murdoch, E, O'Malley, S, O'Rourke, M, Pack, M, Pearce, R, Praehofer, R, Ramsay, S, Scarlett, L, Smidt, K, Souvannavong, F, Taubman, K, Taylor, G, Tse, K, Unger, S, and Weale, J.

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Best practice, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Radiation Dosage, Thallium stress test, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, Myocardial perfusion imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, Clinical Protocols, Internal Medicine, Radiology Specialty, Medical imaging, medicine, Humans, Medical physics, Aged, Female, Middle Aged, Myocardial Perfusion Imaging, Practice Guidelines as Topic, United States, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Atomic energy, Coronary arteriosclerosis, Radiation exposure, business
Published
2016

12. Partial volume correction and image segmentation for accurate measurement of standardized uptake value of grey matter in the brain.

Author

Bural G, Torigian D, Basu S, Houseni M, Zhuge Y, Rubello D, Udupa J, and Alavi A

Subjects
Biological Transport, Female, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 metabolism, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, White Matter diagnostic imaging, White Matter metabolism, Gray Matter diagnostic imaging, Gray Matter metabolism, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Positron-Emission Tomography
Abstract

Objectives: Our aim was to explore a novel quantitative method [based upon an MRI-based image segmentation that allows actual calculation of grey matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes] for overcoming the difficulties associated with conventional techniques for measuring actual metabolic activity of the grey matter., Methods: We included four patients with normal brain MRI and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG)-PET scans (two women and two men; mean age 46±14 years) in this analysis. The time interval between the two scans was 0-180 days. We calculated the volumes of grey matter, white matter and CSF by using a novel segmentation technique applied to the MRI images. We measured the mean standardized uptake value (SUV) representing the whole metabolic activity of the brain from the F-FDG-PET images. We also calculated the white matter SUV from the upper transaxial slices (centrum semiovale) of the F-FDG-PET images. The whole brain volume was calculated by summing up the volumes of the white matter, grey matter and CSF. The global cerebral metabolic activity was calculated by multiplying the mean SUV with total brain volume. The whole brain white matter metabolic activity was calculated by multiplying the mean SUV for the white matter by the white matter volume. The global cerebral metabolic activity only reflects those of the grey matter and the white matter, whereas that of the CSF is zero. We subtracted the global white matter metabolic activity from that of the whole brain, resulting in the global grey matter metabolism alone. We then divided the grey matter global metabolic activity by grey matter volume to accurately calculate the SUV for the grey matter alone., Results: The brain volumes ranged between 1546 and 1924 ml. The mean SUV for total brain was 4.8-7. Total metabolic burden of the brain ranged from 5565 to 9617. The mean SUV for white matter was 2.8-4.1. On the basis of these measurements we generated the grey matter SUV, which ranged from 8.1 to 11.3., Conclusion: The accurate metabolic activity of the grey matter can be calculated using the novel segmentation technique that we applied to MRI. By combining these quantitative data with those generated from F-FDG-PET images we were able to calculate the accurate metabolic activity of the grey matter. These types of measurements will be of great value in accurate analysis of the data from patients with neuropsychiatric disorders.

Published
2015
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13. Rare case of Primary Pulmonary Extranodal Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in a Patient with Sjogren's Syndrome: Role of FDG-PET/CT in the Initial Staging and Evaluating Response to Treatment.

Author

Bural G, Joyce J, and Ohr J

Abstract

Unlabelled: A 64-year old woman with a long standing Sjogren's syndrome was undergoing evaluation for renal transplant surgery when two pulmonary opacities were detected on chest CT. Subsequent biopsy revealed extranodal marginal B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). An FDG-PET/CT scan was then performed which demonstrated isolated FDG avid pulmonary involvement. After therapy, FDG-PET/CT scans showed good response to treatment with near complete resolution of FDG avidity. This rare case illustrates the rare pulmonary manifestation of extranodal lymphoma in a patient with Sjogren's syndrome and emphasizes the value of FDG PET/CT in the initial staging and evaluation of response to treatment, which has not previously been published., Conflict of Interest: None declared.

Published
2012
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14. Tumor metabolism measured by partial volume corrected standardized uptake value varies considerably in primary and metastatic sites in patients with lung cancer. A new observation.

Author

Bural G, Torigian DA, Houseni M, Basu S, Srinivas S, and Alavi A

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Carcinoma metabolism, Computer Simulation, Female, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted methods, Imaging, Three-Dimensional methods, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Positron-Emission Tomography methods, Radiopharmaceuticals pharmacokinetics, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Carcinoma diagnostic imaging, Carcinoma secondary, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 pharmacokinetics, Image Enhancement methods, Lung Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Lung Neoplasms metabolism
Abstract

Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglycose -position emission tomography ((18)F-FDG-PET) as an efficient staging tool for lung carcinoma; allows description and characterization of the primary tumor and of local and distant metastases in a single examination. One of the important limiting factors in quantification of metabolic parameters with PET is the partial volume effect. Our aim for this study was to delineate tumor (size) both in the primary and metastatic lesions in patients with lung cancer by using partial volume correction techniques. Thirty two patients with proven lung cancer who had (18)F-FDG-PET and computerized tomography (CT) within the last 80 days were involved in this study. They were 18 women and 14 men, with age range 43-83 years. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) in primary and metastatic lesions for all patients were measured. The lesions were categorized into 4 different Groups according to their site. Partial volume corrections were applied using the CT sizes of lesions to obtain corrected SUVmax values. Average corrected SUVmax in each lesion site was calculated and compared between the 4 Groups. A total of 81 primary and metastatic lesions were included in this analysis. They were 28 mediastinal-hilar lymph node lesions, 26 lung lesions, 11 solid organ lesions, and 16 bone marrow lesions. The average uncorrected SUVmax for the primary lung lesions, mediastinal-hilar lymph node lesions, solid organ lesions, and the bone marrow lesions before application of partial volume correction formula were 7.2+/-3.2; 7.0+/-2.7; 6.3+/-3.4 and 7.0+/-3.4, respectively. The average corrected SUVmax for the lesions in the above mentioned regions were 11+/-6, 10+/-4, 13+/-7, and 18+/-13, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed in the average SUVmax values between lung lesions and nodal lesions compared to the bone marrow lesions. In conclusion, our findings indicate that metabolic activities of lung cancer lesions vary depending on the sites of metastatic disease.

Published
2009

15. A recovery coefficient method for partial volume correction of PET images.

Author

Srinivas SM, Dhurairaj T, Basu S, Bural G, Surti S, and Alavi A

Subjects
Biopsy, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Lung Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Lung Neoplasms pathology, Phantoms, Imaging, Temperature, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted methods, Models, Biological, Positron-Emission Tomography methods
Abstract

Objectives: Correction of the "partial volume effect" has been an area of great interest in the recent times in quantitative PET imaging and has been mainly studied with count recovery models based upon phantoms that incorporate hot spheres in a cold background. The goal of this research study was to establish a similar model that is closer to a biological imaging environment, namely hot spheres/lesions in a warm background and to apply this model in a small cohort of patients., Methods: A NEMA phantom with six spheres (diameters 1-3.7 cm) was filled with (18)FDG to give sphere:background activity ratios of 8:1, 6:1, and 4:1 for three different acquisitions on a Philips Allegro scanner. The hot sphere SUVmax and the background average SUV were measured for calculation of recovery coefficients (RCs). Using the RCs, the lesion diameters, and the lesion:background ratio, the SUVmax of 64 lesions from 17 patients with biopsy proven lung cancer were corrected., Results: The RCs versus sphere diameters produced characteristic logarithmic curves for each phantom (RCs ranged from 80% to 11%). From a cohort of 17 patients with biopsy proven lung cancer, 64 lesions combined had a mean SUVmax of 7.0 and size of 2.5 cm. After partial volume correction of the SUVmax of each lesion, the average SUVmax increased to 15.5., Conclusions: Hot spheres in a warm background more closely resemble the actual imaging situation in a living subject when compared to hot spheres in a cold background. This method could facilitate generation of equipment specific recovery coefficients for partial volume correction. The clinical implications for the increased accuracy in SUV determination are certainly of potential value in oncologic imaging.

Published
2009
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16. Usefulness of non attenuation corrected 18F-FDG-PET images for optimal assessment of disease activity in patients with lymphoma.

Author

Houseni M, Chamroonrat W, Basu S, Bural G, Mavi A, Kumar R, and Alavi A

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Artifacts, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Radiopharmaceuticals, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Young Adult, Algorithms, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Image Enhancement methods, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted methods, Information Storage and Retrieval methods, Lymphoma diagnostic imaging, Positron-Emission Tomography methods
Abstract

This study aimed at determining whether non attenuation corrected (NAC) positron emission tomography (PET) images, in addition to the attenuation corrected (AC) PET images, should be included in the interpretation of fluoro-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG-PET) images in patients with lymphoma. The study included 58 patients, 35 males 23 females, mean age 55+/-16 years. There were 64 superficial and 170 deep lymph node (LN) lesions. Lesion detection, uptake intensity using a three-point scale (1-mild, 2-moderate, 3- intense) and overall clarity of each lesion were compared on both PET images. Our results showed that the detection rate for superficial LN was 100% for NAC-PET and 98.4% for AC-PET images. The degree of (18)F-FDG uptake (intense, moderate and mild uptake) was 56.3%, 31.3% and 12.5% for NAC-PET images and 23.4%, 34.4% and 40.6% for AC-PET images, respectively. The overall image clarity was significantly in favor of NAC compared to AC-PET images (89% vs 20%, P<0.01). For deep LN, lesions, detection rate was for NAC and AC-PET images 95.3% and 99.4%, respectively. (18)F-FDG uptake intensity (intense, moderate and mild uptake) was 42.4%, 27.1% and 25.9% for NAC and 52.4%, 43% and 4.1% for AC-PET images, respectively. The overall image clarity for AC-PET images was superior to NAC-PET images (81.8% vs 53% P=0.01). In conclusion, NAC-PET images appeared to be superior to AC-PET images in detecting superficial LN lesions. AC-PET images are superior to NAC-PET images with regard to the deep-seated LN lesions. Therefore, AC and NAC-PET images are complimentary to each other and require to be reviewed together in the evaluation of patients with lymphoma.

Published
2009

17. Impact of dual-time-point (18)F-FDG PET imaging and partial volume correction in the assessment of solitary pulmonary nodules.

Author

Alkhawaldeh K, Bural G, Kumar R, and Alavi A

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Lung Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Radiopharmaceuticals, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Image Enhancement methods, Positron-Emission Tomography methods, Solitary Pulmonary Nodule diagnostic imaging
Abstract

Purpose: Our aim was to assess the diagnostic potential of (18)F-FDG PET using partial volume correction and dual-time-point imaging in the assessment of solitary pulmonary nodules., Methods: We included 265 patients in this retrospective study (171 men; 94 women; age range, 41-92 years). All had pulmonary nodules on CT, and diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy or follow-up CT. All underwent whole body FDG PET, 60 min after FDG injection. Of the 265 patients, 255 underwent second FDG PET for chest 100 min after injection. Maximum SUVs for nodules were calculated from both scans. Partial volume correction for first time SUVs was applied, using coefficient factor. Malignancy was defined using the following criteria: (1) Visual assessment; (2) First time SUV > or = 2.5; (3) Partial volume corrected first time SUV > or = 2.5; (4) second time SUV > or = 2.5; (5) Increase in SUV over time; (6) Increase or no change in SUV; (7) First time SUV > or = 2.5 and/or increase or no change in SUV., Results: Biopsy and follow-up revealed 72 malignant lung nodules and 193 benign nodules. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for the five criteria were as follows: (1) 97, 58 and 68%; (2) 65, 92 and 85%; (3) 84, 91 and 89%; (4) 90, 80 and 83%; (5) 84, 95 and 92%; (6) 92, 92, and 92%; (7) 95, 90 and 91%, respectively., Conclusion: Dual-time-point (18)F-FDG PET has potential impact on improving the diagnostic accuracy for malignant lung nodules. Dual-time-point (18)F-FDG PET imaging should be included in the clinical work-up of patients with pulmonary nodule.

Published
2008
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18. Determination of age-related changes in structure and function of skin, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle with computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography.

Author

Wehrli NE, Bural G, Houseni M, Alkhawaldeh K, Alavi A, and Torigian DA

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 pharmacokinetics, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Male, Middle Aged, Positron-Emission Tomography methods, Radiopharmaceuticals pharmacokinetics, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods, Adipose Tissue anatomy & histology, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Aging metabolism, Aging pathology, Muscle, Skeletal anatomy & histology, Muscle, Skeletal metabolism, Skin anatomy & histology, Skin metabolism
Abstract

In this article, we report quantitative preliminary data obtained from retrospective analysis of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and combined PET-computed tomography (PET/CT) examinations in subjects ages 3 to 84 years pertaining to changes in the metabolism of skin, subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle with age, as well as age-related changes in skeletal muscle attenuation. We also propose a new method for identifying hypermetabolic brown fat on FDG-PET. Finally, we present a review of the literature regarding reported age-related structural and functional changes that occur in skin, fat, and skeletal muscle. Using FDG-PET, We evaluated 213 subjects for changes in the metabolism of skin, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle with aging. Thirty-two separate subjects were chosen to measure maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) of hypermetabolic brown fat on dual-time point PET imaging. Finally, 15 subjects evaluated by PET/CT were selected to measure changes in metabolism and attenuation of skeletal muscle, and changes in metabolism of adipose tissue with aging. We found that skin, fat, and skeletal muscle all demonstrate significant (P < 0.05) increases in SUV with increasing age on PET imaging. Dual-time point PET imaging demonstrates increasing FDG uptake of hypermetabolic brown fat in various regions studied. Finally, our PET/CT studies revealed statistically insignificant (P > 0.05) decreases in SUV of adipose tissue with aging and the opposite trend in skeletal muscles (P > 0.05). Skeletal muscle attenuation in the various regions studied was found to significantly decrease with age (P < 0.05). Our study shows notable trends in metabolism and attenuation of skeletal muscle and metabolism of skin and adipose tissue that occur with normal aging. We hope that the methodologies and data we present here will serve as a useful starting point for those interested in conducting future prospective research on age-related changes in these structures.

Published
2007
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19. Novel quantitative techniques for assessing regional and global function and structure based on modern imaging modalities: implications for normal variation, aging and diseased states.

Author

Basu S, Zaidi H, Houseni M, Bural G, Udupa J, Acton P, Torigian DA, and Alavi A

Subjects
Algorithms, Computer Simulation, Humans, Reference Values, Aging metabolism, Aging pathology, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted methods, Models, Biological, Neoplasms diagnosis, Neoplasms metabolism, Positron-Emission Tomography methods
Abstract

In this review, we describe the current approaches used for quantitative assessment of regional and global function with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging (combined with structural imaging modalities) with emphasis on both research and clinical applications of this powerful approach. We particularly refer to the impact of such measurements in assessing physiological processes such as aging and measuring response to treatment in serious disorders such as cancer. Although a multitude of methods has been described in literature, the optimal approaches that are both accurate and practical in clinical settings need to be defined and refined. Standardized uptake value (SUV) continues to be the most widely used index in the current practice. Calculating SUV at a single time point and assigning standard regions of interest are inadequate and suboptimal for the purposes adopted by the medical community. The concepts of partial volume correction for measured values in small lesions, dual-time point and delayed PET imaging, and global metabolic activity for assessment of various stages of disease may overcome deficiencies that are associated with the current quantitative (ie, SUV) techniques. Serious consideration of these concepts will enhance the role and reliability of these quantitative techniques, and therefore compliment the World Health Organization or the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria for managing patients with cancer and other disorders, including physiological states such as aging and serious diseases such as atherosclerosis and neurological diseases. We also introduce the concepts that allow for segmentation of various structural components of organs like the brain for accurate measurement of functional parameters. We also describe complicated kinetic modeling and methodologies that have been used frequently for assessing metabolic and pharmacological parameters in the brain and other organs. Simplified quantitative techniques based on these concepts are described, but should be validated against the kinetic models to test their role as practical tools.

Published
2007
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20. Visualization of five hyperplastic parathyroid glands using 99mTc-sestamibi scintigraphy in a patient with chronic renal failure.

Author

Alkhawaldeh K, Bural G, and Alavi A

Subjects
Humans, Hyperplasia diagnostic imaging, Incidental Findings, Male, Middle Aged, Parathyroid Glands pathology, Radionuclide Imaging, Radiopharmaceuticals, Kidney Failure, Chronic complications, Kidney Failure, Chronic diagnostic imaging, Parathyroid Glands abnormalities, Parathyroid Glands diagnostic imaging, Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi
Published
2007
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21. The aging of the heart and blood vessels: a consideration of anatomy and physiology in the era of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomographic imaging methods with special consideration of atherogenesis.

Author

Botvinick EH, Perini R, Bural G, Chen W, Chryssikos T, Houseni M, Hernandez-Pampaloni M, Torigian DA, and Alavi A

Subjects
Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging trends, Positron-Emission Tomography trends, Tomography, X-Ray Computed trends, Aging pathology, Aging physiology, Atherosclerosis pathology, Atherosclerosis physiopathology, Cardiovascular System anatomy & histology, Cardiovascular System physiopathology, Diagnostic Imaging trends
Abstract

Physicians have long told their patients that the doctor's job is to help patients "get as old as they can." As physicians, we have been aided in this objective by many other scientists in other disciplines. The entity of aging and its related changes blends imperceptibly with a variety of age-related diseases. However, these entities do appear to be separate though interrelated. Curing disease is important and a goal that we all work toward to add years to life expectancy. Here, we consider aging as it affects the heart and great vessels and as it serves to influence and support, if not cause, age-related cardiac diseases. This relationship is drawn as cardiac mechanics, hemodynamics, perfusion, metabolism and innervation, anatomy, and pathophysiology are each considered. The effects of aging are presented in 2 sections related to the early and recent "spikes" in aging related information. The latter is largely based in recent developments in chemistry, genetic engineering, molecular biology and the new imaging methods. The purpose of this manuscript is to present these new imaging methods, especially PET, and their impact on the second "spike." This is emphasized particularly in the second half of this review. As a method of demonstrating these imaging tools and their finest potential application, we decided to "showcase" atherosclerosis as the age-related disease for which these methods have made their greatest impact, for which yet more is promised, and for which the influence on longevity is most obvious. The application of positron emission tomography and other imaging methods to the characterization and image identification of atherosclerotic plaques and particularly the "vulnerable" plaque is emphasized. Yet, even with the eradication of coronary disease, the potential for very long life would not be likely. Only with the identification and eradication of the causative factors of aging can this possibility have a chance of becoming reality.

Published
2007
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22. Fluorodeoxyglucose-PET in the management of malignant melanoma.

Author

Kumar R, Mavi A, Bural G, and Alavi A

Subjects
Humans, Melanoma pathology, Melanoma secondary, Melanoma therapy, Neoplasm Staging, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Skin Neoplasms therapy, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Melanoma diagnostic imaging, Positron-Emission Tomography, Radiopharmaceuticals, Skin Neoplasms diagnostic imaging
Abstract

FDG-PET is of limited use in patients with early-stage disease without nodal or distant metastases (stage I-II), because sentinel node biopsy is much more sensitive in detecting microscopic lymph node metastases. Because of the high tumor-to-background ratio, FDG-PET can highlight metastases at unusual sites that are easily missed with conventional imaging modalities. PET has been shown to have a strong role in detecting metastatic disease. FDG-PET is more sensitive than CT for detecting metastatic lesions in skin, lymph nodes, and abdomen, but CT is equivalent to or more sensitive than FDG-PET for detecting small pulmonary lesions. FDG-PET identifies the location and number of metastatic lesions in stage III and IV disease and therefore is important for surgical planning. Most of the false-negative FDG-PET results are caused by micrometastases and lesion smaller than 10 mm. Postsurgical inflammation, other inflammatory lesions, and some benign tumors cause some false-positive FDG-PET results.

Published
2005
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23. Normal variants in [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose PET imaging.

Author

El-Haddad G, Alavi A, Mavi A, Bural G, and Zhuang H

Subjects
Aging metabolism, Decision Making, Humans, Image Enhancement, Tissue Distribution, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 pharmacokinetics, Positron-Emission Tomography methods, Radiopharmaceuticals pharmacokinetics
Abstract

The number of fluorodeoxyglucose PET applications is increasing. In the process of reading fluorodeoxyglucose-PET scans, nuclear medicine physicians encounter a wide variety of normal findings, which must be recognized to determine the best management for patients. It is important to recognize and understand normal variants to avoid misinterpretation of more serious pathology. This article reviews different patterns of physiologic fluorodeoxyglucose uptake including changes with age.

Published
2004
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