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Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus Infection was presented with clinical, pathological, and molecular findings in dairy goats from a breeding unit in Turkey. According to history, 50 of 700 goats and kids showed the clinical signs including anorexia, mastitis, swelling of the joints, lameness, dyspnea and head pressing in the past 2 months. Fifteen and 6 animals were examined clinically and pathologically, respectively. Clinical examination revealed depression, weakness, pneumonia, ataxia and paresis in 15 goats. Histological lesions were composed by a varying degree of interstitial pneumonia, nonsuppurative leukoencephalomyelitis, interstitial nephritis and interstitial myocarditis. Immunohistochemical examinations showed the presence of viral antigen in tubular epithelium, in glial cells and macrophages. In conclusion, this is the first report documenting pathological and molecular changes of Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus Infection in Turkey in goats.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of DW-MRI as a reliable imaging modality for detecting metastatic neck lymph nodes of head and neck SCC. Methods: 32 patients underwent FDG PET/CT and diffusion-weighted MRI were evaluated. Histopathologic analysis of lymph node metastases was used as the gold standard for assessment. We analyzed differences in sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value among the imaging modalities using the Chi-square test. Their discriminative power evaluated using the Receiver-Operating Characteristic curve and calculation of the area under the curve. The correlation between ADCmin and SUVmax was calculated using the Spearman test. SPSS 24 was used for statistical analyses. P value of 0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference. Results: A total of 32 patients with 50 neck dissections with head and neck SCC included. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive value of neck palpation was %72, %60, %70, %62 and %80 respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive value of DW-MRI was %87,5, %96,2, %92, %95,5 and %89,3 respectively, according to ADCmin cutoff value 0.82×10-3s/mm2 . Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive value of FDG-PET/CT was %91,7, %100, %96, %100 and %92,9 , respectively ,according to SUVmax cutoff value 3.4. For all neck dissections, there was a statistically significant inverse correlation between ADCmin and SUVmax (P

This paper presents outcome of a research which investigates the fatigue behaviour of duplex stainless steel grade (EN 1.4162) via cyclic tests on welded cruciform joints and base plates. A database of experimental tests for similar high-strength steel details was also collated from the literature. The obtained experimental S-N curve was then compared to the current European design ones and re-evaluated according to the hot spot stress method. A good agreement was observed between the studied detail performance and the collated reference data. Improvement to the fatigue design rules for the studied duplex and similar high-strength steel details is then proposed. ispartof: Engineering Structures vol:247 status: Published online

A 6-year-old, male Arabian crossbred horse was necropsied after a 10 day history of loss of appetite, debility and weight loss. Gross and histologic examination was consistent with purulent papillitis due to Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius. The isolate was sensitive to all the antibiotics tested.

One of the most important visual communication items that the brands set with the comsumers is the packaging. In that point, as a marketing com-munication item, the design of packaging is an important brand item that the experts come together and prepare in various areas. On the other hand, in accordance with the necessity of competitive environment, changing consumer and transforming world, new marketing strategies must be developed. In this respect, debranding is one of the new strategies that developed in the process of packaging design. Debranding means removing the items like the logo of the brand and slogan from the packaging design. The aim of the research is to learn the opinions of participants about the food products that applied debranding strategy in packaging design. Within the research, one-to-one meeting have been done with 12 participants via semi-structured questions. In the research, meetings have been done with 3 students face-to-face and 9 students via telephone, subsequently, the obtained data have been converted to transcript. Then the transcripts have been coded by using the programme Maxqda 2020, content analysis have been carried out in the consequence of condusted research. It has been ascertained that the opinions of participants that are positively to the strategies of debranding. It has been determined that most of the participants are positive to placing the name or various concepts including mood instead of logo in the packaging design of food products.

Bilgi ve teknolojinin gelişimiyle ortaya çıkan yapay zeka uygulamalarını tasarım endüstrisinde görmekteyiz. Bu tür uygulamalar görsel tasarım alanında da gözlemlenmektedir. Yaratıcılık unsuru barındıran bir süreç olan görsel tasarımın, gelecekte bilgisayarların büyük veri işleyerek makine öğrenmesine dayalı tasarımların nasıl üretilebileceği ve nelere yol açabileceğinin tartışılması çalışmanın temel problemlerinden birini oluşturmaktadır. Diğer taraftan yapay zekanın insana ihtiyaç duymaksızın bir yaratım sürecine girip giremeyeceği durumunun, tasarıma olan etkisinin neler olacağı da başka bir problem olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Çalışmanın çıkış noktası ve ele aldığı konu itibariyle görsel tasarımın yapay zekayla olan birlikteliği konusunda tasarımın geleceğine ilişkin öngörüler sunmak, bu birlikteliğin ardından yaşanacak sürecin nelere yol açabileceğini ortaya koymak bu çalışmanın temel amacıdır. Makine belirli bir şablon ve planlama sonucu elde edilen kalıpları öğrenebilmektedir. Fakat bireyin zekasının asimetrik yapısına, duygulara, sosyokültürel ve toplumsal faktörlere sahip değildir. Bu tür faktörler olmaksızın yapay zekanın gelecekte tasarım sürecine etkisinin neler olabileceği üzerine tartışılmaktadır.

Marek's disease (MD) is a highly contagious neoplastic disease of chickens associated with economic losses, often due to visceral lymphomas. The etiological agent is MD virus serotype 1 (MDV-1), also called Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2). Despite intensive vaccination, MDV is constantly evolving and maintaining its presence in the world. The aim of this study was to genetically analyze a highly oncogenic MDV/Tur/2019 strain obtained from a poultry farm in Turkey's Elazig province in 2019. Genes associated with viral pathogenicity and oncogenicity Marek's EcoRI-Q-encoded protein (MEQ), phosphoprotein-38 (pp38), and viral interleukin 8 (vIL-8) were selected for this purpose. The vIL-8 nucleotide sequence showed high similarity (100% identity) to some European (EU-1, Polen 5) and Asian (03 India, GADVASU-M2) MDV strains. The pp38 nucleotide sequence showed high similarity (100% identity) to some American (CU-2, JM/102W, RB1B) and European (MD70/13, ATE2539) MDV strains. There were no disrupted four-proline molecules (PPPP) within the transactivation domain of the MEQ. However, according to phylogenetic results, the MDV/Tur/2019 strain was included in cluster 2a alongside European MDV strains (Polish, Hungarian, Italian) with very virulent and very virulent plus pathotypes. In conclusion, we believe that the MDV/Tur/2019 strain obtained from turkey herpesvirus (HVT)-vaccinated chickens has a very virulent or very virulent plus pathotype. Although this result provides some clues regarding the virulence of this strain, in vivo studies are needed to achieve exact pathotyping. Further, combination of HVT with the CVI988 strain should be used for vaccination to provide the best protection, as highly pathogenic MDV strains can break sterile immunity against the HVT vaccine. Keywords: GaHV-2; Marek's disease; oncogenes; Turkey.

ObjectiveA study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between anosmia and hospital admission in coronavirus disease 2019 patients.MethodsThe clinical data of 1534 patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 virus were analysed. The study was conducted with medical records of 1197 patients (78 per cent). The basic characteristics of patients and symptoms related to otolaryngology practice were examined. The patients were divided into two groups according to their follow up: an out-patient group and an in-patient group.ResultsThe majority of patients presented with anosmia (44.2 per cent), dysgeusia (43.9 per cent) and fever (38.7 per cent). Anosmia was observed in 462 patients (47 per cent) in the out-patient group, and in only 67 patients (31.2 per cent) in the in-patient group. Younger age (odds ratio = 1.05, 95 per cent confidence interval = 1.03–1.06) and the presence of anosmia (odds ratio = 2.04, 95 per cent confidence interval = 1.39–3) were significantly related to out-patient treatment.ConclusionAnosmia could be a symptom in the clinical presentation of the coronavirus disease 2019 infection.

Objective: The aim of this study is to research the correlation between pharyngeal mucosal suture techniques and pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) development after total laryngectomy. We also aimed to investigate other risk factor for fistula development. Methods: Medical charts of 85 patients who had total laryngectomy during August 2016 and February 2020 were reviewed. Sixteen patients were excluded due to exclusion criteria. Patients were grouped according to pharyngeal mucosal suture technique. Group 1 had modified continuous Connell suture and group 2 had interrupted submucosal suture for mucosal closure of pharynx. Demographic, medical, and surgical records reviewed for comparison. Results: Overall PCF rate was 28%;PCF rates were 16% (5/31) in group 1 and 39% (15/38) in group 2. This difference was significant (Pearson χ2 P = .033). There was no difference between groups due to age, gender, smoking history, tumor stage preoperative albumin levels, preoperative hemoglobin levels, radiotherapy status, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder and diabetes mellitus history of patients, previous tracheostomy, neck dissection. But correlation analysis revealed that PCF formation significantly related with suture technique ( P = .032), preoperative albumin level Conclusion: The suture technique used for pharyngeal mucosal closure, preoperative albumin level

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is effective in the treatment murine model of acute rhinosinusitis in rats. Materials and Methods: Twelve rats were included in the study. The left nasal cavity of all rats was infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Group 1 was the group in which NAC was administered into the left nasal cavity twice daily. Group 2 was selected as the control group. All rats were then sterilely sacrificed under anesthesia after intracardiac blood sampling. After sacrifice, sterile culture samples were collected from the posterior nasal cavity. Results: Total oxidant status and oxidative stress index (OSI), interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α levels decreased significantly in the treatment group. Total antioxidant status was significantly increased. There was a statistically significant increase in total serum thiol levels and native thiol levels. Histopathologic evaluation showed a statistically significant decrease in submucosal gland hypertrophy in the treatment group. Conclusion: According to our study, intranasal application of NAC can decrease the inflammatory findings in murine acute rhinosinusitis.

The aim of this study was to investigate pathological lesions and the presence of of Israel variant 2 (IS /1494/06) genotype of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in chickens with visceral gout. Sudden deaths were observed in broiler breeders and layer hens belonging to two different flocks located in eastern Türkiye. Broiler chickens were previously vaccinated with a vaccine containing strains of IBV Massachusetts serotype, but no information was available about the vaccination history of laying hens. At necropsy, there was accumulation of white chalk-like material on the serosal surface of the heart, liver, spleen and air sacs. The kidneys were unilaterally or bilaterally enlarged and pale in color and, ureters were also enlarged. Pooled organ samples from diseased chickens and kidneys alone were examined by virus isolation, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), nucleotide sequencing analysis and histological methods. Israel variant 2 genotype of IBV was detected in the samples of both flocks as a result of virus isolation, rRT-PCR and DNA sequencing analysis. Histological examination revealed multifocal and randomly distributed crystal deposits in the renal tubulus and adjacent interstitium. Mild to moderate crystalline deposits surrounded by heterophils and macrophages were detected in the serosal layers of the heart, spleen, liver, and air sacs. The findings of this study indicated that IBV should be taken into consideration in visceral gout cases of chickens, and detection of IBV genotypes in the field will enable us to use vaccines compatible with these genotypes in order to control the disease more efficiently.

Objective To determine predictive fiberoptic findings of upper airway in children with allergic rhinitis. Method 129 children had fiberoptic evaluation of nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx. They were divided into allergic rhinitis group and normal group based on skin prick test results. All video recordings were randomly reviewed by three independent national board-certified otolaryngologists who were blinded to the clinical details and outcomes of the participants’ allergy testing. Each physician assessed and documented 10-item questionnaire. Intra-rater, inter-rater reliability and correlation between items and allergic status was calculated. Results Intra-rater reliability was moderate to perfect for all physicians on all items (kappa = 0.578–0.962). Inferior turbinate hypertrophy (κ = 0.714, p = 0.02), middle turbinate hypertrophy (κ = 0.728, p = 0.01), discoloration of inferior turbinate (κ = 0.685, p = 0.01), adenoid hypertrophy (κ = 0.662, p = 0.02) had good inter-rater reliability and these findings were predictive of allergic rhinitis. Adenoid hypertrophy was less encountered in allergic rhinitis. All other endoscopic findings beyond the nasal cavity were not predictive for allergic rhinitis in children. Conclusion Nasal cavity findings including inferior turbinate hypertrophy, middle turbinate hypertrophy, discoloration of inferior turbinate and adenoid tissue assessment rather than pharyngolaryngeal findings are predictive of allergic rhinitis in children.

The history of consumption, which has started in the beginning of the human kind and still continues nowadays, has experienced many changes throughout this process. While in the past the approach was to work and consume only as much as needed to survive, the new way of perceiving this issue is to work in order to purchase more and sustain our existence according to how much we can consume. As Baudrillard said, today we have reached such a point that the concept of consumption is based, more than on the object itself, on the idea it expresses and the image attached to it. Consumption products thus carry upon their symbolic meanings a certain sense of belonging for their possessors. Within the cultural configurations it takes the form of an imperative component for an image, symbol or other type of indicators. That is why consumption is not a real spectrum for relations, but a sort of behavior completely guided out by indicators, signs and symbolic representation. Consumption nowadays has been transformed not only from a conceptual point of view but also from the perspective of those tools that enable its existence. The Internet, invented at the end of 1960's as the product of a military project, has become very popular throughout the 1980's due to the use of personal computers, and consequently has become a consumption tool nowadays. As such, with its newly gained position it came to be in the same time a precursor of the new idea of economy. During the 1990's it continued to develop parallel with communication and information technologies. It thus managed to break the boundaries of communication as it has been known so far, go beyond appealing only to limited groups within the corporate world, and become a dissemination center at the disposal of the great masses. The social areas and virtual environment that web technologies have formed within the economic and communication fields have become new channels for consumption. The users of these areas, consumers that is, become in this respect profiles that give decisions and act upon symbols and indicators. Consumption indicators thus come forward as singular identities and portray in this form cultural differences in the postmodern world, constituting in this manner a subject of inquiry for all the actors of the new economy in terms of finding out who these consumers of the visual culture really are. In this respect this study aims to evaluate the new consumer's profile in the light of recent sociological an

Television is a cultural media or a time spending instrument? Contemporary conditions changed character of television. The problem is television uses computer facilities for editing and fronts easy and expeditious productions to present rapid productions. Computer technology provides television many different editing facilities but television mostly takes people from real world to fantasy world via computer technology. Modern technologies provide media many facilities and especially computer provides television very fantastic effects. Television editing is made on computer in modern age and fantastic effects of computer take people to fantastic worlds and present people unreal effects. People watch television productions which are edited on computer base excitedly and move away from realities. To live with fantastic effects of television cause problems in social life and people have difficulties to settle realities. Television productions create fantastic effects in editing process because of computer and people generally front television for its fantastic effects. Editing is the base of cinema since Lumieres and it is the main necessity of film and television productions. Spectators are affected by attractions of images which are revealed by techniques of assembling in a film or in a television production. Computer is an unavoidable part of many people’s lives and computer is used a miraculous device in the world. Contemporary computer technichs present television producers and to directors many facilities to assemble different images by the help of attractive technics of computer. Editing is a kind of magic because of associating different images in a fantastic story and it provides the spectators to travel to a fictional world. Computer technics help this travel and ease to emerge a rationalist story from a fantastic story.

This study handles function of message in communication process and discusses establishment of media organizations and evaluates role of individual opinion on messages and emphasizes risks of opinion on message. Mass media organizations are not only commercial organizations or not only service organizations but mostly artistic and spiritual senders. It is a question that opinions affect the messages and especially opinion of media owner form productions of mass media. Numerous people watch mass media everyday and lead their lives due to messages on media eveyday. People naturally need to learn daily events and need some tips to lead their lives and need agenda to talk. The most available instruments for people are mass media in modern age and mass media lead people in contemporary conditions. Mass media present many different productions to people and the productions contain information and also opinions of some persons. People always think and learn and have different opinions and tend to change opinion to message and convey their opinion to others. Message is a code and a mean between sender and receiver in communication process. People have developed many different ways and tools to send their opinions and to receive opinions of others. The need for communication has always motivated people and people resorted to various ways to learn new information and new opinion. Social communication has also been regarded by the state and the first communication organizations established by governments. First post organizations and the first phone operators established by governments in 19th century and then nongovernmental organizations established media organizations in 20th century. Modern age brought people many different tools and techics and approaches and almost everything changed in modernization period in the world. Economical principles and political rules and life styles changed and organization forms also changed due to contemporary conditions. Earning became the first goal and benefit is regarded much in modern age and organizations are organized on benefit and reputation base. Spiritual influences became more important in some organizations and spiritual influences provide media owner much reputation. Therefore people often meet spiritual opinions on mass media messages but they mostly do not notice them. Media workers place opinions of owner in media messages expetly. This is one of mysterious and attraction of media productions and people do not realize it.

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma is a biphasic low-grade malignant tumor, which represents approximately 1% of all salivary gland tumors. This tumor occurs mostly in the parotid gland, followed by submandibular gland and minor salivary glands. Women, mostly fifth to the eighth decade of life, are commonly affected. Histopathologically, epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma is composed of an inner single layer of eosinophilic cuboidal ductal cells and outer single or multiple layers of clear myoepithelial cells. We present a case of a 69 years old man who had a scar on lower the lip for 10 years and voice annoyance for three months. The biopsy for lower lip was reported 'infiltrative clear cell epithelioid neoplasm' and vocal cord biopsy result was 'verrucous carcinoma'. After cordectomy and wedge resection of the lower lip, histopathology revealed Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma for the lower lip and microinvasive verrucous carcinoma for the left vocal cord. Our case has a very uncommon location and presentation for EMC. The tumor location was minor salivary glands of the lower lip and the clinical presentation was quite different. Coexistence with microinvasive verrucous carcinoma of the vocal cord is the other unique part of our case.

In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the body mass index (BMI) and the morphometric properties of auricula and its acoustic gain characteristics. A total of 45 participants between 18 and 45 years of age were enrolled into the study. Participants’ height and weight measurements were recorded for the BMI calculation. On both sides, the morphometric properties of the auricula were measured and recorded. Additionally, the participants were subjected to multidirectional dynamic real ear measurements (REMs) to specify the intensity and frequency values of the maximum hearing gain. Participants consisted of 24 women and 21 men. The mean BMI was 23.42. The mean auricular area was 22.70 cm2. Statistically significant positive correlation was found between the auricular area and BMI ( r = 0.427, P = .03). The mean postauricular sulcus angle was 20.99°. The mastoid-helix distance was 16.07 mm. There was no statistically significant correlation between BMI level and postauricular sulcus angle and mastoid-helix distance ( P > .05). The mean dynamic REM measurement was evaluated. The maximum acoustic gain at anterior, lateral, and posterior vectorial stimulation was calculated as 20.9, 24.2, and 20.7 dB Sound Presure Level (SPL), respectively. Statistically significant negative correlation was found between the three directions acoustic gain level and BMI in the statistical examination ( r = −0.365, r = −0.386, r = −0.453, respectively, and P < .05 for all). The results of acoustic gain frequency were 2967.4, 2963, and 2934 Hz, respectively. There was no statistically significant correlation between acoustic gain frequency and BMI ( P > .05). When participants were grouped according to their BMI, participants with a BMI >25 had a statistically significantly bigger auricular area and lower maximum acoustic gain when compared with those with BMI

Objective: To compare the acoustic parameters and the cost effectiveness achieved after endoscopic cordectomy using radiofrequency microdissection electrodes (ECRM) with those of transoral laser cordectomy and radiotherapy. Methods: The study included 81 disease-free patients previously treated for early larynx carcinoma (30 with ECRM, 27 with transoral laser cordectomy, 24 with primary radiotherapy). Post-treatment voice analysis was performed in all patients. Additionally, the cost effectiveness of all treatment procedures was calculated. Results: The GRBAS (G: Grade, R: Roughness, B: Breathiness, A: Asthenia, and S: Strain) scale showed a significant difference between the groups (p0.05 for all). Percent jitter, percent shimmer and fundamental frequency (F0) were significantly different in the radiotherapy group than the ECRM and the transoral laser cordectomy groups (p0.05). The mean cost of the ECRM technique was statistically lower than the other treatment techniques (p

Baydar, Ersoy (Balikesir Author), BackgroundThe diagnosis of previous cases of feline tuberculosis in Turkey has been made based solely on pathological changes without isolation of the causative agent. This case report details the first case of feline tuberculosis in Turkey for which the causative agent (Mycobacterium bovis) was confirmed with microbiological isolation, morphological evaluation, molecular (PCR) characterization and antibiotic sensitivity.Case presentationSystemic tuberculosis was diagnosed via postmortem examination of a 5-year-old stray male cat. Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from the lungs, bronchial and gastrointestinal lymph nodes, kidney and liver. The isolate was defined as M. bovis using the Genotype MTBC assay (Hain Lifescience, Germany), which allows differentiation of species within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex with an easy-to-perform reverse hybridization assay.Pathological changes were characterized by multifocal to coalescing granulomatous inflammation in the lungs, liver, lymph nodes and kidneys. Further pathological changes included severe, diffuse, hepatocytic atrophy, periportal fibrosis with lymphohistiocytic infiltration, multifocal lymphohistiocytic interstitial nephritis, mild focal pulmonary anthracosis and mild renal and hepatic amyloidosis. Infection by immunosuppressive viral pathogens including feline herpes virus-1, feline immunodeficiency virus and feline parvovirus virus were ruled out by polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR). The isolated mycobacteria were susceptible to isoniazid, ethambutol, rifampicin or streptomycin.ConclusionDisseminated M. bovis is a rare infection in cats. Involvement of submandibular lymph nodes suggested that primary transmission might have been the oral route in the present case.

Turkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurucusu Mustafa Kemal Ataturk hem liderligihem de devrimleriyle siyasal, toplumsal, kulturel, ekonomik ve sanatsal pek cokalanda cigir acan gelismelerin oncusu olmustur. Yok olma noktasindaki buyukbir imparatorlugun mirasi uzerine rasyonel aklin egemen oldugu, milli degerleribenimseyen, bilim, sanat, egitim odakli demokratik rejimin kurulmasina liderliketmistir.

This paper addresses the lifecycle cost assessment of a steel girder bridge considering the material costs and maintenance activities along the bridge's lifecycle. A reference highway bridge case study is chosen. It was initially designed using carbon steel S355. Two more steel grades are included in the comparison: high strength carbon steel S460 and duplex stainless steel EN 1.4162. For each design option, fatigue appears to be the driving design criterion for the following critical welded details: transversal stiffeners, cope holes and full penetration butt welds in the flanges. In addition to ultimate limit state verifications, specific attention is therefore given to fatigue through the use of different verification methods: the well-known nominal stress method and the hot spot stress method. It is concluded that the net present value of the lifecycle cost of the stainless steel option is attractive compared to painted the carbon steel options. ispartof: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT vol:277 ispartof: location:England status: published

Objective: This study aimed to conduct a study to evaluate the relation between otolaryngology-specific symptoms and computed tomography findings in ambulatory care COVID-19 patients. Patient and Methods: The study was conducted with medical records of 987 (82%) patients with confirmed COVID-19 virus via real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction between March 11, 2020, and April 21, 2020. Patients were divided into 2 groups as computed tomography (CT)-negative and CT-positive groups considering the presence of the CT findings depicting COVID-19 disease. Results: The mean age was significantly higher in CT-positive group than CT-negative group (41.53 ± 12.82 vs 36.61 ± 11.81, P < .001). Cough and shortness of the breath were observed with a significantly higher rate in CT-positive group than that of CT-negative group (44% vs 29.9%, P = .001 and 18.4% vs 9.7%, P = .002, respectively). Conclusions: In conclusion, advanced age, cough, and shortness of breath could be related to CT scan positivity.

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to determine the possible effect of allergic rhinitis (AR) on voice change in children with acoustic analysis and Turkish children’s voice handicap index-10 (TR-CVHI-10). Methods: This is a case-control study. Forty-one children with AR, and a positive skin prick test, as well as 39 children of controls who had produced a negative skin prick test and lacked a history of allergic disease, were selected for the study. Each assessment included recordings for the purposes of acoustic voice analysis (fundamental frequency [f0], jitter %, shimmer %, and harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR)), and aerodynamic analysis (maximum phonation time (MPT) and s/z ratio). All participants completed TR-CVHI-10. Results: The mean TR-CVHI-10 score of the AR group was significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.013). No difference was observed between the AR and control groups in terms of jitter, shimmer, HNR, and MPT values and s/z ratio (p > 0.05). Conversely, the f0 value was more pronounced in controls (270.9 ± 60.3 Hz) than in the AR group (237.7 ± 54.3 Hz) (p = 0.012). Conclusion: The study’s results revealed that AR can have an effect on fundamental frequency and voice quality in children. The diagnostic process should include AR as a potential cause of voice disorders in children.

The aim of this study was to determine an infectious bronchitis (IB) infection, caused by an Israel variant 2 (IS/1494/06)-like IBV, in a layer chicken flock regularly vaccinated with vaccines containing IBV H120 and 4/91 strains. Mild respiratory symptoms, drop in egg production and soft-shelled eggs and eventually death were observed in a layer chicken flock. Clinical samples from four diseased chickens were examined for the detection and genotyping of IBV by virus isolation, a commercial real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and nucleotide sequencing. Both Israel variant 2 (IS-Var2) and 793/B serotypes were detected from samples by rRT-PCR, but sequencing results of a 345 bp part of S1 gene revealed that our IBV isolate, HFT-IBV, was IS/1494/06 (IS-Var2)-like with the 97.7% genetic similarity. These results suggested that immunity against vaccination with a combination of different genotypes (H120 and 4/91) could not be protective for IS-Var2 IBV field infection. In addition, identification of genotypes from the clinical samples, such as swabs and organ samples by commercial rRT-PCR assays failed to find correct IBV genotype responsible for the IB infection, whereas analysis of nucleotide sequencing of S1 gene of IBV as a gold standard test undoubtedly detected causative genotype of the infection. Also, the findings indicated that there is an urgent need for consider genotype- or protectotype-match vaccination strategies in the field to prevent vaccine- and IB-dependent economic losses of the poultry sector and logically protect chickens from IBV infection.