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Background: At the end of 2019, Wuhan, China, experienced an outbreak of a novel coronavirus. The epidemiologic burden of COVID-19 is constantly evolving, with numbers of infected persons, hospital admissions and deaths growing near exponentially. The recent pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 worldwide caught the health care systems in every country around the world by storm and without a proper defense mechanism to cope and control such a pandemic. In fact, this outbreak is causing an overwhelming burden of illnesses that stresses health system capacity and adverse effects on healthcare workers including the risk of infection. In this context, telemedicine has been promoted and scaled up to reduce the risk of transmission. In this paper the Authors reports their own experience with Telemedicine. Methods: During the “lockdown”, the AOU“Federico II” was forced to create peculiar pathways to ensure the safety of the patients and medical staff, and to keep an appropriate medical assistance, therefore it was introduced the telemedicine, wherever possible, by modifying the Information Technology (IT) related to the waiting times, rescheduling all booked visits and identifying several outpatient’s clinics suitable for telemedicine activities. Besides, safe pathways were properly studied to screening all patients who had a medical consult in person.Results: Since the introduction of telemedicine service, 953 consultations were provided in this way, about 13 % of all medical consults delivered by AOU “Federico II” in this period; 97,38% of them were follow-up visits, that otherwise would have been missed during the current pandemic, so an economic loss has been avoided. In addition, it has been calculated that, using Telemedicine visits vs a face-to-face consultation, about 65-70% of direct costs were spared by our Healthcare Company.Conclusions: Telemedicine has been the keystone that has allowed a rapid, appropriate response of whole overloaded healthcare systems to current Pandemic, and, as reported by Ohannessian et al., all stakeholders are encouraged to address the challenges and collaborate to promote the safe and evidence-based use of telemedicine during the current pandemic and future outbreaks, and the COVID-19 pandemic is a call to adopt the necessary regulatory changes supporting wide adoption of telemedicine.

In Italy, to show the willingness to donate one's organs, there is the principle of the explicit consensus (or disagreement) (Law n. 91 of the 01.04.1999, Art. 23; Decree of the Italian Health Ministry of the 08.04.2000). According to data of the Italian Association for the donation of organs, tissues and cells (AIDO), in 2017 in Campania Region (Southern Italy) an average of 12.5 people x1,000,000 donated their organs vs. a national average of 23.7. This negative discrepancy between national and regional data highlights that it is imperative to promote awareness-raising measures to address to the population of Campania Region in order to improve the following of a practice which is still object of preconceptions and scarce knowledge. This paper describes a pilot project started in 2017 by the "Sportello amico trapianti" (friendly access to transplantation) to promote the donation of organs within the university-hospital "Federico II" (Naples, Campania Region). The first phase of this project was based on the nudge theory, that is the "little push" to direct decisional processes of groups and individuals. This phase took place during the "Atelier della salute" (a health workshop), organized by the Medicine and Surgery school of the university-hospital "Federico II": here, a questionnaire was administered to 60 people. The questionnaire consisted in 12 questions, answered by volunteers, which aim was to test the general knowledge about organ donation and transplantation. Analysing the answers, a panel of 7 experts (2 epidemiologists, 1 social worker, 2 experts in public and institutional communication, 1 biologist expert in donation of haematopoietic progenitor cell, 1 transplant surgeon), responsible for the coordination and monitoring of the activities, identified the critical elements to bring attention to in order to raise awareness in the population. The second phase consisted in a literary workshop which aim was to identify nudge cases. The text used was Never let me go by Kazuo Ishiguro, a novel focused on organ donation in a dystopic context where the protagonists are clones created to facilitate the donation of organs. Six students participated in this workshop: all six considered the dystopic scenario as a potential nudge to humanize the approach to organ donation and transplant. In conclusion, we believe that the nudge methodology may be used in order to improve awareness and adherence to donation of organs.

Background:Work-related stress is a relevant phenomenon in terms of health and safety at work, as occupational distress has a negative impact on individual and organisational well-being. It is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon, whose evaluation must be carried out through a specific and adequate methodology.Objective:This work aims to identify versatile tools that can quickly provide reliable measures of work distress. It analyzes the proposal elaborated by the “Comitato Unico di Garanzia per le Pari Opportunità, la Valorizzazione del Benessere di chi lavora e contro le Discriminazioni” of Rome,i.e. the tool “Valutazione è prevenzione, Sicurezza è partecipazione”.Methods:A study was carried out on a sample of 474 employees of the Neapolitan Judicial Offices, who were given a standardized questionnaire to investigate the stress, associated with the proposal of the Comitato Unico di Garanzia.Results:From the elaboration of the results, it emerges that the conditions of working wellbeing are linked to two main factors related to the perception of workers both of physical-environmental and organisational-relational aspects. In particular, it emerged that the new assessment tool, consisting of a small number of items, contributes to the detection of work stress, so it is necessary to deepen through future research the contribution that this tool can offer to the survey on work-related stress.Conclusion:Having highlighted two factors that significantly saturate the presence of a working discomfort, through an agile tool, allows us to plan a new research path, which can approach the complexity of the phenomenon through the methods of deep learning.

The way individuals make choices and decisions influences their behavior and life style. The choice is not simply based on rational and formal logic, but it’s influenced by many emotional and social factors. Starting from this assumption, some studies investigated the way in which emotions influence decision-making processes, while others explored the possibility that decision-making processes are compromised by the onset of psychiatric pathologies and by the presence of prefrontal cortexlesions, which can induce a radical change in basic preferences of the subject. In our opinion, the decision-making style is strictly connected to the normal personality structure while the relationship with psychopathology can be framed within the non-causal and non-linear effects typical of risk or protection factors. The present pilot study, first, intends to explore the relation between decision-making styles, non-pathological personality traits and psychic disorders; second, it intends to propose a psychometric tool administrable via mobile app, aimed at studying the influence of decision-making styles, related to personality, on the quality and effectiveness of decisions. The present pilot study, was developed in a sample of outpatients in a private psychotherapy service made up of subjects diagnosed with personality disorder. The TCI test was been administered to identify the decision-making styles related to the character traits and temperament. Through statistical analyses, five factors were extracted (5 decision-making styles) and only two personality disorders appear to be related to decision-making styles. This results describe a significant but marginal impact of decisional styles on the pathology of personality, with respect to which they play a role of risk or protection factor.