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4. Bridging Brain and Cognition: A Multilayer Network Analysis of Brain Structural Covariance and General Intelligence in a Developmental Sample of Struggling Learners

Author

Simpson-Kent, Ivan L., Fried, Eiko I., Akarca, Danyal, Mareva, Silvana, Bullmore, Edward T., and Kievit, Rogier A.

Abstract

Network analytic methods that are ubiquitous in other areas, such as systems neuroscience, have recently been used to test network theories in psychology, including intelligence research. The network or mutualism theory of intelligence proposes that the statistical associations among cognitive abilities (e.g., specific abilities such as vocabulary or memory) stem from causal relations among them throughout development. In this study, we used network models (specifically LASSO) of cognitive abilities and brain structural covariance (grey and white matter) to simultaneously model brain-behavior relationships essential for general intelligence in a large (behavioral, N = 805; cortical volume, N = 246; fractional anisotropy, N = 165) developmental (ages 5-18) cohort of struggling learners (CALM). We found that mostly positive, small partial correlations pervade our cognitive, neural, and multilayer networks. Moreover, using community detection (Walktrap algorithm) and calculating node centrality (absolute strength and bridge strength), we found convergent evidence that subsets of both cognitive and neural nodes play an intermediary role 'between' brain and behavior. We discuss implications and possible avenues for future studies. [The CALM Team co-authored this article.]

Published
2021

8. Genetic insights into human cortical organization and development through genome-wide analyses of 2,347 neuroimaging phenotypes

Author

Warrier, Varun, Stauffer, Eva-Maria, Huang, Qin Qin, Wigdor, Emilie M., Slob, Eric A. W., Seidlitz, Jakob, Ronan, Lisa, Valk, Sofie L., Mallard, Travis T., Grotzinger, Andrew D., Romero-Garcia, Rafael, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Geschwind, Daniel H., Lancaster, Madeline A., Murray, Graham K., Gandal, Michael J., Alexander-Bloch, Aaron, Won, Hyejung, Martin, Hilary C., Bullmore, Edward T., and Bethlehem, Richard A. I.

Published
2023
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9. Atypical Brain Aging and Its Association With Working Memory Performance in Major Depressive Disorder

Author

Adamson, Chris, Adler, Sophie, Alexander-Bloch, Aaron F., Anagnostou, Evdokia, Anderson, Kevin M., Areces-Gonzalez, Ariosky, Astle, Duncan E., Auyeung, Bonnie, Ayub, Muhammad, Bae, Jong Bin, Ball, Gareth, Baron-Cohen, Simon, Beare, Richard, Bedford, Saashi A., Benegal, Vivek, Bethlehem, Richard A.I., Beyer, Frauke, Blangero, John, Cábez, Manuel Blesa, Boardman, James P., Borzage, Matthew, Bosch-Bayard, Jorge F., Bourke, Niall, Bullmore, Edward T., Calhoun, Vince D., Chakravarty, Mallar M., Chen, Christina, Chertavian, Casey, Chetelat, Gaël, Chong, Yap S., Corvin, Aiden, Costantino, Manuela, Courchesne, Eric, Crivello, Fabrice, Cropley, Vanessa L., Crosbie, Jennifer, Crossley, Nicolas, Delarue, Marion, Delorme, Richard, Desrivieres, Sylvane, Devenyi, Gabriel, Di Biase, Maria A., Dolan, Ray, Donald, Kirsten A., Donohoe, Gary, Dorfschmidt, Lena, Dunlop, Katharine, Edwards, Anthony D., Elison, Jed T., Ellis, Cameron T., Elman, Jeremy A., Eyler, Lisa, Fair, Damien A., Fletcher, Paul C., Fonagy, Peter, Franz, Carol E., Galan-Garcia, Lidice, Gholipour, Ali, Giedd, Jay, Gilmore, John H., Glahn, David C., Goodyer, Ian M., Grant, P.E., Groenewold, Nynke A., Gudapati, Shreya, Gunning, Faith M., Gur, Raquel E., Gur, Ruben C., Hammill, Christopher F., Hansson, Oskar, Hedden, Trey, Heinz, Andreas, Henson, Richard N., Heuer, Katja, Hoare, Jacqueline, Holla, Bharath, Holmes, Avram J., Huang, Hao, Ipser, Jonathan, Jack, Clifford R., Jr., Jackowski, Andrea P., Jia, Tianye, Jones, David T., Jones, Peter B., Kahn, Rene S., Karlsson, Hasse, Karlsson, Linnea, Kawashima, Ryuta, Kelley, Elizabeth A., Kern, Silke, Kim, Ki-Woong, Kitzbichler, Manfred G., Kremen, William S., Lalonde, François, Landeau, Brigitte, Lerch, Jason, Lewis, John D., Li, Jiao, Liao, Wei, Liston, Conor, Lombardo, Michael V., Lv, Jinglei, Mallard, Travis T., Marcelis, Machteld, Mathias, Samuel R., Mazoyer, Bernard, McGuire, Philip, Meaney, Michael J., Mechelli, Andrea, Misic, Bratislav, Morgan, Sarah E., Mothersill, David, Ortinau, Cynthia, Ossenkoppele, Rik, Ouyang, Minhui, Palaniyappan, Lena, Paly, Leo, Pan, Pedro M., Pantelis, Christos, Park, Min Tae M., Paus, Tomas, Pausova, Zdenka, Paz-Linares, Deirel, Binette, Alexa Pichet, Pierce, Karen, Qian, Xing, Qiu, Anqi, Raznahan, Armin, Rittman, Timothy, Rodrigue, Amanda, Rollins, Caitlin K., Romero-Garcia, Rafael, Ronan, Lisa, Rosenberg, Monica D., Rowitch, David H., Salum, Giovanni A., Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Schaare, H. Lina, Schabdach, Jenna, Schachar, Russell J., Schöll, Michael, Schultz, Aaron P., Seidlitz, Jakob, Sharp, David, Shinohara, Russell T., Skoog, Ingmar, Smyser, Christopher D., Sperling, Reisa A., Stein, Dan J., Stolicyn, Aleks, Suckling, John, Sullivan, Gemma, Thyreau, Benjamin, Toro, Roberto, Traut, Nicolas, Tsvetanov, Kamen A., Turk-Browne, Nicholas B., Tuulari, Jetro J., Tzourio, Christophe, Vachon-Presseau, Étienne, Valdes-Sosa, Mitchell J., Valdes-Sosa, Pedro A., Valk, Sofie L., van Amelsvoort, Therese, Vandekar, Simon N., Vasung, Lana, Vértes, Petra E., Victoria, Lindsay W., Villeneuve, Sylvia, Villringer, Arno, Vogel, Jacob W., Wagstyl, Konrad, Wang, Yin-Shan S., Warfield, Simon K., Warrier, Varun, Westman, Eric, Westwater, Margaret L., Whalley, Heather C., White, Simon R., Witte, A. Veronica, Yang, Ning, Yeo, B.T. Thomas, Yun, Hyuk Jin, Zalesky, Andrew, Zar, Heather J., Zettergren, Anna, Zhou, Juan H., Ziauddeen, Hisham, Zimmerman, Dabriel, Zugman, Andre, Zuo, Xi-Nian N., Ho, Natalie C.W., Nogovitsyn, Nikita, Metzak, Paul, Ballester, Pedro L., Hassel, Stefanie, Rotzinger, Susan, Poppenk, Jordan, Lam, Raymond W., Taylor, Valerie H., Milev, Roumen, Frey, Benicio N., Harkness, Kate L., Addington, Jean, and Kennedy, Sidney H.

Published
2024
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10. Disturbed sex hormone milieu in males and females with major depressive disorder and low-grade inflammation

Author

Lombardo, Giulia, Mondelli, Valeria, Worrell, Courtney, Sforzini, Luca, Mariani, Nicole, Nikkheslat, Naghmeh, Nettis, Maria A., Kose, Melisa, Zajkowska, Zuzanna, Cattaneo, Annamaria, Pointon, Linda, Turner, Lorinda, Cowen, Philip J., Drevets, Wayne C., Cavanagh, Jonathan, Harrison, Neil A., Bullmore, Edward T., Dazzan, Paola, and Pariante, Carmine M.

Published
2024
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14. Brain-Charting Autism and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Reveals Distinct and Overlapping Neurobiology

Author

Bailey, Anthony J., Baron-Cohen, Simon, Bolton, Patrick F., Bullmore, Edward T., Carrington, Sarah, Catani, Marco, Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, Craig, Michael C., Daly, Eileen M., Deoni, Sean C.L., Ecker, Christine, Happé, Francesca, Henty, Julian, Jezzard, Peter, Johnston, Patrick, Jones, Derek K., Lai, Meng-Chuan, Lombardo, Michael V., Madden, Anya, Mullins, Diane, Murphy, Clodagh M., Murphy, Declan G.M., Pasco, Greg, Ruigrok, Amber N.V., Sadek, Susan A., Spain, Debbie, Stewart, Rose, Suckling, John, Wheelwright, Sally J., Williams, Steven C., Bedford, Saashi A., Ruigrok, Amber, Anagnostou, Evdokia, Lerch, Jason P., Taylor, Margot, Nicolson, Rob, Stelios, Georgiades, Crosbie, Jennifer, Schachar, Russell, Kelley, Elizabeth, Jones, Jessica, Arnold, Paul D., Courchesne, Eric, Pierce, Karen, Eyler, Lisa T., Campbell, Kathleen, Barnes, Cynthia Carter, Seidlitz, Jakob, Alexander-Bloch, Aaron F., and Bethlehem, Richard A.I.

Published
2024
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17. Atypical measures of diffusion at the gray‐white matter boundary in autism spectrum disorder in adulthood

Author

Bletsch, Anke, Schäfer, Tim, Mann, Caroline, Andrews, Derek S, Daly, Eileen, Gudbrandsen, Maria, Ruigrok, Amber NV, Dallyn, Robert, Romero‐Garcia, Rafael, Lai, Meng‐Chuan, Lombardo, Michael V, Craig, Michael C, Suckling, John, Bullmore, Edward T, Baron‐Cohen, Simon, Consortium, the MRC AIMS, Murphy, Declan GM, Dell'Acqua, Flavio, and Ecker, Christine

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Psychology, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Autism, Biomedical Imaging, Mental Health, Brain Disorders, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Mental health, Adolescent, Adult, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Brain, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Female, Gray Matter, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, White Matter, Young Adult, diffusion tensor imaging, multimodal imaging, myelinated and unmyelinated gray matter, superficial white matter, MRC AIMS Consortium, Neurosciences, Cognitive Sciences, Experimental Psychology, Biological psychology, Cognitive and computational psychology
Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly complex neurodevelopmental condition that is accompanied by neuroanatomical differences on the macroscopic and microscopic level. Findings from histological, genetic, and more recently in vivo neuroimaging studies converge in suggesting that neuroanatomical abnormalities, specifically around the gray-white matter (GWM) boundary, represent a crucial feature of ASD. However, no research has yet characterized the GWM boundary in ASD based on measures of diffusion. Here, we registered diffusion tensor imaging data to the structural T1-weighted images of 92 adults with ASD and 92 matched neurotypical controls in order to examine between-group differences and group-by-sex interactions in fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity sampled at the GWM boundary, and at different sampling depths within the superficial white and into the gray matter. As hypothesized, we observed atypical diffusion at and around the GWM boundary in ASD, with between-group differences and group-by-sex interactions depending on tissue class and sampling depth. Furthermore, we identified that altered diffusion at the GWM boundary partially (i.e., ~50%) overlapped with atypical gray-white matter tissue contrast in ASD. Our study thus replicates and extends previous work highlighting the GWM boundary as a crucial target of neuropathology in ASD, and guides future work elucidating etiological mechanisms.

Published
2021

18. Using fMRI connectivity to define a treatment-resistant form of post-traumatic stress disorder

Author

Etkin, Amit, Maron-Katz, Adi, Wu, Wei, Fonzo, Gregory A, Huemer, Julia, Vértes, Petra E, Patenaude, Brian, Richiardi, Jonas, Goodkind, Madeleine S, Keller, Corey J, Ramos-Cejudo, Jaime, Zaiko, Yevgeniya V, Peng, Kathy K, Shpigel, Emmanuel, Longwell, Parker, Toll, Russ T, Thompson, Allison, Zack, Sanno, Gonzalez, Bryan, Edelstein, Raleigh, Chen, Jingyun, Akingbade, Irene, Weiss, Elizabeth, Hart, Roland, Mann, Silas, Durkin, Kathleen, Baete, Steven H, Boada, Fernando E, Genfi, Afia, Autea, Jillian, Newman, Jennifer, Oathes, Desmond J, Lindley, Steven E, Abu-Amara, Duna, Arnow, Bruce A, Crossley, Nicolas, Hallmayer, Joachim, Fossati, Silvia, Rothbaum, Barbara O, Marmar, Charles R, Bullmore, Edward T, and O'Hara, Ruth

Subjects
Clinical Research, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Mental Health, Brain Disorders, Neurosciences, Serious Mental Illness, Behavioral and Social Science, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Rehabilitation, Anxiety Disorders, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Mental health, Attention, Behavior, Brain Mapping, Comorbidity, Electroencephalography, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mental Recall, Nerve Net, Rest, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Treatment Outcome, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract

A mechanistic understanding of the pathology of psychiatric disorders has been hampered by extensive heterogeneity in biology, symptoms, and behavior within diagnostic categories that are defined subjectively. We investigated whether leveraging individual differences in information-processing impairments in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) could reveal phenotypes within the disorder. We found that a subgroup of patients with PTSD from two independent cohorts displayed both aberrant functional connectivity within the ventral attention network (VAN) as revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neuroimaging and impaired verbal memory on a word list learning task. This combined phenotype was not associated with differences in symptoms or comorbidities, but nonetheless could be used to predict a poor response to psychotherapy, the best-validated treatment for PTSD. Using concurrent focal noninvasive transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography, we then identified alterations in neural signal flow in the VAN that were evoked by direct stimulation of that network. These alterations were associated with individual differences in functional fMRI connectivity within the VAN. Our findings define specific neurobiological mechanisms in a subgroup of patients with PTSD that could contribute to the poor response to psychotherapy.

Published
2019

22. Morphological integration of the human brain across adolescence and adulthood

Author

Nadig, Ajay, Seidlitz, Jakob, McDermott, Cassidy L., Liu, Siyuan, Bethlehem, Richard, Moore, Tyler M., Mallard, Travis T., Clasen, Liv S., Blumenthal, Jonathan D., Lalonde, François, Gur, Ruben C., Gur, Raquel E., Bullmore, Edward T., Satterthwaite, Theodore D., and Raznahan, Armin

Published
2021

23. Multivariate profile and acute-phase correlates of cognitive deficits in a COVID-19 hospitalised cohort

Author

Hampshire, Adam, Chatfield, Doris A., MPhil, Anne Manktelow, Jolly, Amy, Trender, William, Hellyer, Peter J., Giovane, Martina Del, Newcombe, Virginia F.J., Outtrim, Joanne G., Warne, Ben, Bhatti, Junaid, Pointon, Linda, Elmer, Anne, Sithole, Nyarie, Bradley, John, Kingston, Nathalie, Sawcer, Stephen J., Bullmore, Edward T., Rowe, James B., and Menon, David K.

Published
2022
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25. Evaluating Models of the Ageing BOLD Response.

Author

Henson, R. N., Olszowy, W., Tsvetanov, K. A., Yadav, P. S., Tyler, Lorraine K, Brayne, Carol, Bullmore, Edward T, Calder, Andrew C, Cusack, Rhodri, Dalgleish, Tim, Duncan, John, Henson, Richard N, Matthews, Fiona E, Marslen‐Wilson, William D, Rowe, James B, Shafto, Meredith A, Campbell, Karen, Cheung, Teresa, Davis, Simon, and Geerligs, Linda

Subjects
MOTOR cortex, AUDITORY cortex, VISUAL cortex, NONLINEAR estimation, PREDICTIVE validity
Abstract

Neural activity cannot be directly observed using fMRI; rather it must be inferred from the hemodynamic responses that neural activity causes. Solving this inverse problem is made possible through the use of forward models, which generate predicted hemodynamic responses given hypothesised underlying neural activity. Commonly‐used hemodynamic models were developed to explain data from healthy young participants; however, studies of ageing and dementia are increasingly shifting the focus toward elderly populations. We evaluated the validity of a range of hemodynamic models across the healthy adult lifespan: from basis sets for the linear convolution models commonly used to analyse fMRI studies, to more advanced models including nonlinear fitting of a parameterised hemodynamic response function (HRF) and nonlinear fitting of a biophysical generative model (hemodynamic modelling, HDM). Using an exceptionally large sample of participants, and a sensorimotor task optimized for detecting the shape of the BOLD response to brief stimulation, we first characterised the effects of age on descriptive features of the response (e.g., peak amplitude and latency). We then compared these to features from more complex nonlinear models, fit to four regions of interest engaged by the task, namely left auditory cortex, bilateral visual cortex, left (contralateral) motor cortex and right (ipsilateral) motor cortex. Finally, we validated the extent to which parameter estimates from these models have predictive validity, in terms of how well they predict age in cross‐validated multiple regression. We conclude that age‐related differences in the BOLD response can be captured effectively by models with three free parameters. Furthermore, we show that biophysical models like the HDM have predictive validity comparable to more common models, while additionally providing insights into underlying mechanisms, which go beyond descriptive features like peak amplitude or latency, and include estimation of nonlinear effects. Here, the HDM revealed that most of the effects of age on the BOLD response could be explained by an increased rate of vasoactive signal decay and decreased transit rate of blood, rather than changes in neural activity per se. However, in the absence of other types of neural/hemodynamic data, unique interpretation of HDM parameters is difficult from fMRI data alone, and some brain regions in some tasks (e.g., ipsilateral motor cortex) can show responses that are more difficult to capture using current models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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29. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Connectivity Accurately Distinguishes Cases With Psychotic Disorders From Healthy Controls, Based on Cortical Features Associated With Brain Network Development

Author

Morgan, Sarah E., Young, Jonathan, Patel, Ameera X., Whitaker, Kirstie J., Scarpazza, Cristina, van Amelsvoort, Thérèse, Marcelis, Machteld, van Os, Jim, Donohoe, Gary, Mothersill, David, Corvin, Aiden, Arango, Celso, Mechelli, Andrea, van den Heuvel, Martijn, Kahn, René S., McGuire, Philip, Brammer, Michael, and Bullmore, Edward T.

Published
2021
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31. Atypical brain aging and its association with working memory performance in major depressive disorder

Author

Ho, Natalie C.W., primary, Bethlehem, Richard AI., additional, Seidlitz, Jakob, additional, Nogovitsyn, Nikita, additional, Metzak, Paul, additional, Ballester, Pedro L., additional, Hassel, Stefanie, additional, Rotzinger, Susan, additional, Poppenk, Jordan, additional, Lam, Raymond W., additional, Taylor, Valerie H., additional, Milev, Roumen, additional, Adamson, Chris, additional, Adler, Sophie, additional, Alexander-Bloch, Aaron F., additional, Anagnostou, Evdokia, additional, Anderson, Kevin M., additional, Areces-Gonzalez, Ariosky, additional, Astle, Duncan E., additional, Auyeung, Bonnie, additional, Ayub, Muhammad, additional, Bae, Jong Bin, additional, Ball, Gareth, additional, Baron-Cohen, Simon, additional, Beare, Richard, additional, Bedford, Saashi A., additional, Benegal, Vivek, additional, Bethlehem, Richard A.I., additional, Beyer, Frauke, additional, Blangero, John, additional, Blesa Cábez, Manuel, additional, Boardman, James P., additional, Borzage, Matthew, additional, Bosch-Bayard, Jorge F., additional, Bourke, Niall, additional, Bullmore, Edward T., additional, Calhoun, Vince D., additional, Chakravarty, Mallar M., additional, Chen, Christina, additional, Chertavian, Casey, additional, Chetelat, Gaël, additional, Chong, Yap S., additional, Corvin, Aiden, additional, Costantino, Manuela, additional, Courchesne, Eric, additional, Crivello, Fabrice, additional, Cropley, Vanessa L., additional, Crosbie, Jennifer, additional, Crossley, Nicolas, additional, Delarue, Marion, additional, Delorme, Richard, additional, Desrivieres, Sylvane, additional, Devenyi, Gabriel, additional, Di Biase, Maria A., additional, Dolan, Ray, additional, Donald, Kirsten A., additional, Donohoe, Gary, additional, Dorfschmidt, Lena, additional, Dunlop, Katharine, additional, Edwards, Anthony D., additional, Elison, Jed T., additional, Ellis, Cameron T., additional, Elman, Jeremy A., additional, Eyler, Lisa, additional, Fair, Damien A., additional, Fletcher, Paul C., additional, Fonagy, Peter, additional, Franz, Carol E., additional, Galan-Garcia, Lidice, additional, Gholipour, Ali, additional, Giedd, Jay, additional, Gilmore, John H., additional, Glahn, David C., additional, Goodyer, Ian M., additional, Grant, P.E., additional, Groenewold, Nynke A., additional, Gudapati, Shreya, additional, Gunning, Faith M., additional, Gur, Raquel E., additional, Gur, Ruben C., additional, Hammill, Christopher F., additional, Hansson, Oskar, additional, Hedden, Trey, additional, Heinz, Andreas, additional, Henson, Richard N., additional, Heuer, Katja, additional, Hoare, Jacqueline, additional, Holla, Bharath, additional, Holmes, Avram J., additional, Huang, Hao, additional, Ipser, Jonathan, additional, Jack, Clifford R., additional, Jackowski, Andrea P., additional, Jia, Tianye, additional, Jones, David T., additional, Jones, Peter B., additional, Kahn, Rene S., additional, Karlsson, Hasse, additional, Karlsson, Linnea, additional, Kawashima, Ryuta, additional, Kelley, Elizabeth A., additional, Kern, Silke, additional, Kim, Ki-Woong, additional, Kitzbichler, Manfred G., additional, Kremen, William S., additional, Lalonde, François, additional, Landeau, Brigitte, additional, Lerch, Jason, additional, Lewis, John D., additional, Li, Jiao, additional, Liao, Wei, additional, Liston, Conor, additional, Lombardo, Michael V., additional, Lv, Jinglei, additional, Mallard, Travis T., additional, Marcelis, Machteld, additional, Mathias, Samuel R., additional, Mazoyer, Bernard, additional, McGuire, Philip, additional, Meaney, Michael J., additional, Mechelli, Andrea, additional, Misic, Bratislav, additional, Morgan, Sarah E., additional, Mothersill, David, additional, Ortinau, Cynthia, additional, Ossenkoppele, Rik, additional, Ouyang, Minhui, additional, Palaniyappan, Lena, additional, Paly, Leo, additional, Pan, Pedro M., additional, Pantelis, Christos, additional, Park, Min Tae M., additional, Paus, Tomas, additional, Pausova, Zdenka, additional, Paz-Linares, Deirel, additional, Pichet Binette, Alexa, additional, Pierce, Karen, additional, Qian, Xing, additional, Qiu, Anqi, additional, Raznahan, Armin, additional, Rittman, Timothy, additional, Rodrigue, Amanda, additional, Rollins, Caitlin K., additional, Romero-Garcia, Rafael, additional, Ronan, Lisa, additional, Rosenberg, Monica D., additional, Rowitch, David H., additional, Salum, Giovanni A., additional, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., additional, Schaare, H. Lina, additional, Schabdach, Jenna, additional, Schachar, Russell J., additional, Schöll, Michael, additional, Schultz, Aaron P., additional, Sharp, David, additional, Shinohara, Russell T., additional, Skoog, Ingmar, additional, Smyser, Christopher D., additional, Sperling, Reisa A., additional, Stein, Dan J., additional, Stolicyn, Aleks, additional, Suckling, John, additional, Sullivan, Gemma, additional, Thyreau, Benjamin, additional, Toro, Roberto, additional, Traut, Nicolas, additional, Tsvetanov, Kamen A., additional, Turk-Browne, Nicholas B., additional, Tuulari, Jetro J., additional, Tzourio, Christophe, additional, Vachon-Presseau, Étienne, additional, Valdes-Sosa, Mitchell J., additional, Valdes-Sosa, Pedro A., additional, Valk, Sofie L., additional, van Amelsvoort, Therese, additional, Vandekar, Simon N., additional, Vasung, Lana, additional, Vértes, Petra E., additional, Victoria, Lindsay W., additional, Villeneuve, Sylvia, additional, Villringer, Arno, additional, Vogel, Jacob W., additional, Wagstyl, Konrad, additional, Wang, Yin-Shan S., additional, Warfield, Simon K., additional, Warrier, Varun, additional, Westman, Eric, additional, Westwater, Margaret L., additional, Whalley, Heather C., additional, White, Simon R., additional, Witte, A. Veronica, additional, Yang, Ning, additional, Yeo, B.T. Thomas, additional, Yun, Hyuk Jin, additional, Zalesky, Andrew, additional, Zar, Heather J., additional, Zettergren, Anna, additional, Zhou, Juan H., additional, Ziauddeen, Hisham, additional, Zimmerman, Dabriel, additional, Zugman, Andre, additional, Zuo, Xi-Nian N., additional, Frey, Benicio N., additional, Harkness, Kate L., additional, Addington, Jean, additional, and Kennedy, Sidney H., additional

Published
2024
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37. The multilayer connectome of Caenorhabditis elegans

Author

Bentley, Barry, Branicky, Robyn, Barnes, Christopher L., Bullmore, Edward T., Vértes, Petra E., and Schafer, William R.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition
Abstract

Connectomics has focused primarily on the mapping of synaptic links in the brain; yet it is well established that extrasynaptic volume transmission, especially via monoamines and neuropeptides, is also critical to brain function. Here we present a draft monoamine connectome, along with a partial neuropeptide connectome, for the nematode C. elegans, based on new and published expression data for biosynthetic genes and receptors. Thus, the neuronal connectome can be represented as a multiplex network, with synaptic, gap junction, and neuromodulatory layers representing alternative modes of interneuronal interaction and with distinct network structures. In particular, the monoamine network exhibits novel topological properties, with a highly disassortative star-like structure and a rich-club of interconnected broadcasting hubs. Despite the low degree of overlap between layers, we find highly significant modes of interaction, pinpointing network locations and multilink motifs where aminergic and neuropeptide signalling modulate synaptic activity. The multilayer connectome of C. elegans represents a clear exemplar of a biological multiplex network and provides a prototype for understanding how extrasynaptic signalling can be integrated into the wired circuitry in larger brains.

Published
2016
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38. Small-World Brain Networks Revisited

Author

Bassett, Danielle S. and Bullmore, Edward T.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition
Abstract

It is nearly 20 years since the concept of a small-world network was first quantitatively defined, by a combination of high clustering and short path length; and about 10 years since this metric of complex network topology began to be widely applied to analysis of neuroimaging and other neuroscience data as part of the rapid growth of the new field of connectomics. Here we review briefly the foundational concepts of graph theoretical estimation and generation of small-world networks. We take stock of some of the key developments in the field in the past decade and we consider in some detail the implications of recent studies using high-resolution tract-tracing methods to map the anatomical networks of the macaque and the mouse. In doing so, we draw attention to the important methodological distinction between topological analysis of binary or unweighted graphs, which have provided a popular but simple approach to brain network analysis in the past, and the topology of weighted graphs, which retain more biologically relevant information and are more appropriate to the increasingly sophisticated data on brain connectivity emerging from contemporary tract-tracing and other imaging studies. We conclude by highlighting some possible future trends in the further development of weighted small-worldness as part of a deeper and broader understanding of the topology and the functional value of the strong and weak links between areas of mammalian cortex., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures in The Neuroscientist, 2016

Published
2016

40. A Modest Increase in 11C-PK11195-Positron Emission Tomography TSPO Binding in Depression Is Not Associated With Serum C-Reactive Protein or Body Mass Index

Author

Wlazly, Dominika, Dickinson, Amber, Foster, Andy, Knight, Clare, Leckey, Claire, Morgan, Paul, Morgan, Angharad, O'Hagan, Caroline, Touchard, Samuel, Khan, Shahid, Murphy, Phil, Parker, Christine, Patel, Jai, Richardson, Jill, Acton, Paul, Austin, Nigel, Bhattacharya, Anindya, Carruthers, Nick, de Boer, Peter, Drevets, Wayne, Isaac, John, Jones, Declan, Kemp, John, Kolb, Hartmuth, Nye, Jeff, Wittenberg, Gayle, Barker, Gareth, Bogdanova, Anna, Byrom, Heidi, Cash, Diana, Cattaneo, Annamaria, Enache, Daniela, Gee, Tony, Hastings, Caitlin, Kose, Melisa, Lombardo, Giulia, Mariani, Nicole, McLaughlin, Anna, Mondelli, Valeria, Nettis, Maria, Nikkheslat, Naghmeh, Pariante, Carmine, Randall, Karen, Schubert, Julia, Sforzini, Luca, Sheridan, Hannah, Simmons, Camilla, Singh, Nisha, Turkheimer, Federico, Van Loo, Vicky, Veronese, Mattia, Rodriguez, Marta Vicente, Wood, Toby, Worrell, Courtney, Zajkowska, Zuzanna, Campbell, Brian, Egebjerg, Jan, Eriksson, Hans, Gastambide, Francois, Adams, Karen Husted, Jeggo, Ross, Moeller, Thomas, Nelson, Bob, Plath, Niels, Thomsen, Christian, Pederson, Jan Torleif, Zorn, Stevin, Deith, Catherine, Farmer, Scott, McClean, John, McPherson, Andrew, Penandes, Nagore, Scouller, Paul, Sutherland, Murray, Attenburrow, Mary Jane, Benjamin, Jithen, Jones, Helen, Mada, Fran, Oladejo, Akintayo, Smith, Katy, Balice-Gordon, Rita, Binneman, Brendon, Duerr, James, Fullerton, Terence, Goli, Veeru, Hughes, Zoe, Piro, Justin, Samad, Tarek, Sporn, Jonathan, Hoskins, Liz, Kohn, Charmaine, Wilcock, Lauren, Aigbirhio, Franklin, Bhatti, Junaid, Bullmore, Ed, Chamberlain, Sam, Correia, Marta, Crofts, Anna, Fryer, Tim, Graves, Martin, Hatton, Alex, Kitzbichler, Manfred, Lynall, Mary-Ellen, Maurice, Christina, O'Donnell, Ciara, Pointon, Linda, St George Hyslop, Peter, Turner, Lorinda, Vertes, Petra, Widmer, Barry, Williams, Guy, Cavanagh, Jonathan, McColl, Alison, Shaw, Robin, Boddeke, Erik, Baird, Alison, Clare, Stuart, Cowen, Phil, Huang, I-Shu (Dante), Hurley, Sam, Lovestone, Simon, Nevado-Holgado, Alejo, Ribe, Elena, Vyas, Anviti, Winchester, Laura, Cleal, Madeleine, Gomez-Nicola, Diego, Mancuso, Renzo, Perry, Hugh, Cercignani, Mara, Clarke, Charlotte, Colasanti, Alessandro, Harrison, Neil, Murray, Rosemary, O'Connor, Jason, Mount, Howard, Schubert, Julia J., Fryer, Tim D., Manavaki, Roido, Kitzbichler, Manfred G., Nettis, Maria A., Pariante, Carmine M., Bullmore, Edward T., and Turkheimer, Federico E.

Published
2021
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41. Enhancing the Informativeness and Replicability of Imaging Genomics Studies

Author

Carter, Cameron S, Bearden, Carrie E, Bullmore, Edward T, Geschwind, Daniel H, Glahn, David C, Gur, Raquel E, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, and Weinberger, Daniel R

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Biotechnology, Human Genome, Clinical Research, Generic health relevance, Biomedical Research, Genomics, Humans, Mental Disorders, Neuroimaging, Phenotype, Reproducibility of Results, Clinical confounds, Imaging genomics, Multiple comparisons, Replication, Sample size, Statistical power, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Psychology
Abstract

Imaging genomics is a new field of investigation that seeks to gain insights into the impact of human genetic variation on the structure, chemistry, and function of neural systems in health and disease. Because publications in this field have increased over the past decade, increasing concerns have been raised about false-positive results entering the literature. Here, we provide an overview of the field of imaging genomic and genetic approaches and discuss factors related to research design and analysis that can enhance the informativeness and replicability of these studies. We conclude that imaging genetic studies can provide important insights into the role of human genetic variation on neural systems and circuits, both in the context of normal quantitative variation and in relation to neuropsychiatric disease. We also argue that demonstrating genetic association to imaging-derived traits is subject to the same constraints as any other genetic study, including stringent type I error control. Adequately powered studies are necessary; however, there are currently limited data available to allow precise estimates of effect sizes for candidate gene studies. Independent replication is necessary before a result can be considered definitive, and for studies with small sample sizes it is necessary before publication. Increased transparency of methods and enhanced data sharing will further enhance replicability.

Published
2017

43. Generative models of the human connectome

Author

Betzel, Richard F., Avena-Koenigsberger, Andrea, Goñi, Joaquín, He, Ye, de Reus, Marcel A., Griffa, Alessandra, Vértes, Petra E., Mišić, Bratislav, Thiran, Jean-Philippe, Hagmann, Patric, Heuvel, Martijn van den, Zuo, Xi-Nian, Bullmore, Edward T., and Sporns, Olaf

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition
Abstract

The human connectome represents a network map of the brain's wiring diagram and the pattern into which its connections are organized is thought to play an important role in cognitive function. The generative rules that shape the topology of the human connectome remain incompletely understood. Earlier work in model organisms has suggested that wiring rules based on geometric relationships (distance) can account for many but likely not all topological features. Here we systematically explore a family of generative models of the human connectome that yield synthetic networks designed according to different wiring rules combining geometric and a broad range of topological factors. We find that a combination of geometric constraints with a homophilic attachment mechanism can create synthetic networks that closely match many topological characteristics of individual human connectomes, including features that were not included in the optimization of the generative model itself. We use these models to investigate a lifespan dataset and show that, with age, the model parameters undergo progressive changes, suggesting a rebalancing of the generative factors underlying the connectome across the lifespan., Comment: 38 pages, 5 figures + 19 supplemental figures, 1 table

Published
2015
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44. Neural Self-Representation in Autistic Women and Association with 'Compensatory Camouflaging'

Author

Lai, Meng-Chuan, Lombardo, Michael V., Chakrabarti, Bhismadev, Ruigrok, Amber NV, Bullmore, Edward T., Suckling, John, Auyeung, Bonnie, Happé, Francesca, Szatmari, Peter, and Baron-Cohen, Simon

Abstract

Prior work has revealed sex/gender-dependent autistic characteristics across behavioural and neural/biological domains. It remains unclear whether and how neural sex/gender differences are related to behavioural sex/gender differences in autism. Here, we examined whether atypical neural responses during mentalizing and self-representation are sex/gender-dependent in autistic adults and explored whether 'camouflaging' (acting as if behaviourally neurotypical) is associated with sex/gender-dependent neural responses. In total, N = 119 adults (33 typically developing males, 29 autistic males, 29 typically developing females and 28 autistic females) participated in a task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm to assess neural activation within right temporo-parietal junction and ventromedial prefrontal cortex during mentalizing and self-representation. Camouflaging in autism was quantified as the discrepancy between extrinsic behaviour in social-interpersonal contexts and intrinsic status. While autistic men showed hypoactive right temporo-parietal junction mentalizing and ventromedial prefrontal cortex self-representation responses compared to typically developing men, such neural responses in autistic women were not different from typically developing women. In autistic women only, increasing camouflaging was associated with heightened ventromedial prefrontal cortex self-representation response. There is a lack of impaired neural self-representation and mentalizing in autistic women compared to typically developing women. Camouflaging is heightened in autistic women and may relate to neural self-representation response. These results reveal brain-behaviour relations that help explain sex/gender-heterogeneity in social brain function in autism.

Published
2019
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46. Human adolescent brain similarity development is different for paralimbic versus neocortical zones.

Author

Dorfschmidt, Lena, Váša, František, White, Simon R., Romero-García, Rafael, Kitzbichler, Manfred G., Alexander-Bloch, Aaron, Cieslak, Matthew, Mehta, Kahini, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Bethlehem, Richard A. I., Seidlitz, Jakob, Vértes, Petra E., and Bullmore, Edward T.

Subjects
MAGNETIC resonance imaging, FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging, ADOLESCENT development, CEREBRAL cortical thinning, CINGULATE cortex
Abstract

Adolescent development of human brain structural and functional networks is increasingly recognized as fundamental to emergence of typical and atypical adult cognitive and emotional processes. We analysed multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data collected from N ~ 300 healthy adolescents (51%; female; 14 to 26 y) each scanned repeatedly in an accelerated longitudinal design, to provide an analyzable dataset of 469 structural scans and 448 functional MRI scans. We estimated the morphometric similarity between each possible pair of 358 cortical areas on a feature vector comprising six macro- and microstructural MRI metrics, resulting in a morphometric similarity network (MSN) for each scan. Over the course of adolescence, we found that morphometric similarity increased in paralimbic cortical areas, e.g., insula and cingulate cortex, but generally decreased in neocortical areas, and these results were replicated in an independent developmental MRI cohort (N~304). Increasing hubness of paralimbic nodes in MSNs was associated with increased strength of coupling between their morphometric similarity and functional connectivity. Decreasing hubness of neocortical nodes in MSNs was associated with reduced strength of structure-function coupling and increasingly diverse functional connections in the corresponding fMRI networks. Neocortical areas became more structurally differentiated and more functionally integrative in a metabolically expensive process linked to cortical thinning and myelination, whereas paralimbic areas specialized for affective and interoceptive functions became less differentiated, as hypothetically predicted by a developmental transition from periallocortical to proisocortical organization of the cortex. Cytoarchitectonically distinct zones of the human cortex undergo distinct neurodevelopmental programs during typical adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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48. Reinforcement learning as an intermediate phenotype in psychosis? Deficits sensitive to illness stage but not associated with polygenic risk of schizophrenia in the general population

Author

Montagnese, Marcella, Knolle, Franziska, Haarsma, Joost, Griffin, Juliet D., Richards, Alex, Vertes, Petra E., Kiddle, Beatrix, Fletcher, Paul C., Jones, Peter B., Owen, Michael J., Fonagy, Peter, Bullmore, Edward T., Dolan, Raymond J., Moutoussis, Michael, Goodyer, Ian M., and Murray, Graham K.

Published
2020
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49. Schizotypy-Related Magnetization of Cortex in Healthy Adolescence Is Colocated With Expression of Schizophrenia-Related Genes

Author

Bullmore, Edward, Dolan, Raymond, Goodyer, Ian, Fonagy, Peter, Jones, Peter, Vaghi, Matilde, Moutoussis, Michael, Hauser, Tobias, Neufeld, Sharon, Romero-Garcia, Rafael, St Clair, Michelle, Whitaker, Kirstie, Inkster, Becky, Prabhu, Gita, Ooi, Cinly, Toseeb, Umar, Widmer, Barry, Bhatti, Junaid, Villis, Laura, Alrumaithi, Ayesha, Birt, Sarah, Bowler, Aislinn, Cleridou, Kalia, Dadabhoy, Hina, Davies, Emma, Firkins, Ashlyn, Granville, Sian, Harding, Elizabeth, Hopkins, Alexandra, Isaacs, Daniel, King, Janchai, Kokorikou, Danae, Maurice, Christina, McIntosh, Cleo, Memarzia, Jessica, Mills, Harriet, O’Donnell, Ciara, Pantaleone, Sara, Scott, Jenny, Fearon, Pasco, Suckling, John, Harmelen, Anne-Laura van, Kievit, Rogier, Vértes, Petra, Seidlitz, Jakob, Whitaker, Kirstie J., Morgan, Sarah E., Dolan, Raymond J., Jones, Peter B., Goodyer, Ian M., Vértes, Petra E., and Bullmore, Edward T.

Published
2020
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