183 results on '"Bulger, E"'
Search Results
2. Axial Elongation of Caudalized Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Organoids Mimics Neural Tube Development
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Libby, A. R. G., Joy, D. A., Elder, N. H., Bulger, E. A., Krakora, M. Z., Gaylord, E. A., Mendoza-Camacho, F., and McDevitt, T. C.
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animal structures ,embryonic structures - Abstract
During mammalian embryogenesis, axial elongation of the neural tube is critical for establishing the anterior-posterior body axis, but is difficult to interrogate directly because it occurs post-implantation. Here we report an organoid model of neural tube extension using human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) aggregates that recapitulates morphologic and gene expression patterns of neural tube development. Axial extending organoids consisted of longitudinally elongated epithelial compartments and contained TBXT(+)SOX2(+) neuromesodermal progenitors, PAX6(+) Nestin(+) neural progenitor populations, and MEOX1(+) paraxial mesoderm populations. Wnt agonism stimulated axial extensions in a dose-dependent manner and elongated organoids displayed regionalized rostral-caudal HOX gene expression, with hindbrain (HOXB1) expression distinct from brachial (HOXC6) and thoracic (HOXB9) expression. Finally, CRISPR interference-mediated silencing of BMP inhibitors induced elongation phenotypes that mimicked murine knockout models. These results indicate the potent morphogenic capacity of hiPSC organoids to undergo significant axial elongation in a manner that mimics early human nervous system development. One sentence summary Here, the authors introduce an organoid model for neural tube development that demonstrates robust Wnt-dependent axial elongation, epithelial compartmentalization, establishment of neural and mesodermal progenitor populations, and morphogenic responsiveness to changes in BMP signaling.
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- 2020
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3. Spinal motion restriction in the trauma patient – a joint position statement
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Fischer, P. E., Perina, D. G., Delbridge, T. R., Fallat, M. E., Salomone, J. P., Dodd, J., Bulger, E. M., and Gestring, M. L.
- Abstract
Спільна заява The American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT), American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) та the National Association of EMS Physicians (NAEMSP) https://www.jems.com/articles/news/2018/september/new-spinal-motion-restriction-consensus-statement-from-acs-cot-acep-and-naemsp.html?platform=hootsuiteПереклад з англійськоїОригінал: Fischer P.E., Perina D.G., Delbridge T.R., Fallat M.E., Salomone J.P., Dodd J., Bulger E.M., Gestring M.L. Spinal motion restriction in the trauma patient – a joint position statement // Prehospital Emergency Care. 2018;0:000–000.
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- 2018
4. Reltecimod. T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 (TP44) antagonist, CD28 homodimer interface mimetic peptide, Treatment of necrotizing soft-tissue infection
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Shirvan, A., primary, Bulger, E., additional, and Danker, W., additional
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- 2018
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5. Erratum: Differential effects on T-cell function following exposure to serum from schizophrenia smokers
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Herberth, M, Krzyszton, D N, Koethe, D, Craddock, M R, Bulger, E, Schwarz, E, Guest, P, Leweke, F M, and Bahn, S
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- 2009
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6. LO24: Is prehospital care supported by evidence-based guidelines? An environmental scan and quality appraisal using AGREE II
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Turner, S., primary, Lang, E., additional, Brown, K., additional, Leyton, C., additional, Bulger, E., additional, Sayre, M., additional, Kraus, D., additional, and Lee Robertson, H., additional
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- 2017
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7. External validation of a smartphone app model to predict the need for massive transfusion using five different definitions.
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Hodgman, E. I., Cripps, M. W., Mina, M. J., Bulger, E. M., Schreiber, M. A., Brasel, K. J., Cohen, M. J., Muskat, P., Myers, J. G., Alarcon, L. H., Rahbar, M. H., Holcomb, J. B., Cotton, B. A., Fox, E. E., del Junco, D. J., Wade, C. E., and Phelan, H. A.
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- 2018
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8. The transcriptional network that controls growth arrest and differentiation in a human myeloid leukemia cell line
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FANTOM Consortium, Suzuki H, Forrest AR, van Nimwegen E, Daub CO, Balwierz PJ, Irvine KM, Lassmann T, Ravasi T, Hasegawa Y, de Hoon MJ, Katayama S, Schroder K, Carninci P, Tomaru Y, Kanamori-Katayama M, Kubosaki A, Akalin A, Ando Y, Arner E, Asada M, Asahara H, Bailey T, Bajic VB, Bauer D, Beckhouse AG, Bertin N, Bjxf6rkegren J, Brombacher F, Bulger E, Chalk AM, Chiba J, Cloonan N, Dawe A, Dostie J, Engstrxf6m PG, Essack M, Faulkner GJ, Fink JL, Fredman D, Fujimori K, Furuno M, Gojobori T, Gough J, and Grimmond SM
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- 2009
9. Efficacy results from a phase I study of lorvotuzumab mertansine (IMGN901) in patients with CD56-positive solid tumors.
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Woll, P. J., primary, Moore, K. N., additional, Bhatia, S., additional, Fossella, F. V., additional, Chen, L. C., additional, O'Brien, M., additional, Lorigan, P., additional, Weitman, S. D., additional, O'Leary, J. J., additional, Zildjian, S., additional, Bulger, E., additional, Guild, R., additional, and Shah, M. H., additional
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- 2011
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10. 85: A Multi-Site Assessment and Validation of the ACSCOT Trauma Triage Criteria for Identifying Seriously Injured Children and Adults
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Newgard, C., primary, Zive, D., additional, Rea, T., additional, Bulger, E., additional, Holmes, J., additional, Liao, M., additional, Staudenmayer, K., additional, Hsia, R., additional, Wang, N.E., additional, Sporer, K.A., additional, and Fleischman, R., additional
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- 2010
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11. Motor vehicle mismatch: a national perspective
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Mandell, S. P., primary, Mack, C. D., additional, and Bulger, E. M., additional
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- 2010
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12. Cost of spinal cord injuries caused by rollover automobile crashes
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Burns, S. P., primary, Kaufman, R. P., additional, Mack, C. D., additional, and Bulger, E., additional
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- 2010
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13. Differential effects on T-cell function following exposure to serum from schizophrenia smokers
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Herberth, M, primary, Krzyszton, D N, additional, Koethe, D, additional, Craddock, M R, additional, Bulger, E, additional, Schwarz, E, additional, Guest, P, additional, Leweke, F M, additional, and Bahn, S, additional
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- 2008
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14. P110
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Cuschieri, J., primary, Bulger, E., additional, Schaeffer, V., additional, Billgren, J., additional, Klotz, P., additional, and Maier, R.V., additional
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- 2007
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15. THE C5A PRIMING EFFECT ENHANCES TNF?? TRANSLATION THROUGH THE PI3K/AKT/MTOR PATHWAY
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Schaeffer, V., primary, Cuschieri, J., additional, Garcia, I., additional, Knoll, M., additional, Bulger, E., additional, and Maier, R., additional
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- 2006
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16. HYPERTONIC RESUSCITATION OF HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK AFTER BLUNT TRAUMA
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Bulger, E., primary, Jurkovich, G., additional, Nathens, A., additional, Copass, M., additional, Hanson, S., additional, Cooper, C., additional, Liu, P., additional, Neff, M, additional, Warner, K, additional, and Maier, R., additional
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- 2006
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17. OXIDANT PRIMING CORRELATES WITH ACTIVATION OF THE JNK SIGNALING PATHWAY IN ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES
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Bulger, E. M., primary, Grinsell, R., additional, Garcia, I., additional, and Maier, R. V., additional
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- 2004
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18. GLUCOSE ATTENUATES THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN C ON INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE PRODUCTION IN MONOCYTES
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Imahara, S D, primary, OʼKeefe, G E, additional, Jelacic, S, additional, Bulger, E M, additional, and Maier, R V, additional
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- 2004
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19. ANDROGENS INHIBIT MONOCYTE CELL SIGNALING
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Gourlay, D., primary, Maier, R. V., additional, Cuschieri, J., additional, Garcia, I., additional, Jelacic, S., additional, and Bulger, E., additional
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- 2002
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20. SUBSTANCE P PRIMES HUMAN MONOCYTES VIA UPREGULATION OF p38 KINASE AND NUCLEAR FACTOR- κB.
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Bulger, E., primary, Jelacic, S, additional, Gibran, N., additional, and Maier, R., additional
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- 2002
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21. CALCIUM/CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT KINASE II IS REQUIRED FOR PLATELET ACTIVATING FACTOR (PAF) PRIMING OF INFLAMMATORY CELLS.
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Cuschieri, J, primary, Gourlay, D, additional, Bulger, E, additional, Garcia, I, additional, Jelacic, S, additional, and Maier, R, additional
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- 2002
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22. SUBSTANCE P UPREGULATION OF NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE IS ENHANCED BY EGF RECEPTOR INHIBITION
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Anthony, J P, primary, Gibran, N S, additional, and Bulger, E M, additional
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- 2002
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23. DIFFERENTIAL MODULATION OF MACROPHAGE SIGNALING PATHWAYS BY PHENOLIC ANTI- OXIDANTS
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Bulger, E M, primary, Garcia, I, additional, Jelacic, S, additional, and Maier, R V, additional
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- 2001
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24. THE EFFECT OF DITHIOCARBAMATES ON MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION
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Bulger, E. M., primary, Garcia, I., additional, and Maier, R. V., additional
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- 1996
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25. A critical assessment of the out-of-hospital trauma triage guidelines for physiologic abnormality.
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Newgard CD, Rudser K, Hedges JR, Kerby JD, Stiell IG, Davis DP, Morrison LJ, Bulger E, Terndrup T, Minei JP, Bardarson B, Emerson S, and ROC Investigators
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- 2010
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26. Attempted suicide and the elderly trauma patient: risk factors and outcomes.
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Crandall M, Luchette F, Esposito TJ, West M, Shapiro M, and Bulger E
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- 2007
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27. Influence of definition and location of hypotension on outcome following severe pediatric traumatic brain injury.
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Coates BM, Vavilala MS, Mack CD, Muangman S, Suz P, Sharar SR, Bulger E, Lam AM, Coates, Bria M, Vavilala, Monica S, Mack, Christopher D, Muangman, Saipin, Suz, Pilar, Sharar, Sam R, Bulger, Eileen, and Lam, Arthur M
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- 2005
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28. LPS-mediated TLR4 clustering is not dependent on LPS binding to TLR4
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Cuschieri, J., Bulger, E., and Maier, R.V.
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- 2006
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29. Lerner et al reply
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Brooke Lerner, E., Schwartz, R. B., Coule, P. L., Eric Weinstein, Cone, D. C., Hunt, R. C., Sasser, S. M., Marc Liu, J., Nudell, N. G., Wedmore, I. S., Hammond, J., Bulger, E. M., Salomone, J. P., Sanddal, T. L., Lord, G. C., Markenson, D., and O Connor, R. E.
30. External validation of a smartphone app model to predict the need for massive transfusion using five different definitions.
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Hodgman, E I, Cripps, M W, Mina, M J, Bulger, E M, Schreiber, M A, Brasel, K J, Cohen, M J, Muskat, P C, Myers, J G, Alarcon, L H, Rahbar, M H, Holcomb, J B, Cotton, B A, Fox, E E, Del Junco, D J, Wade, C E, Phelan, H A, PROMMTT Study Group, and Muskat, P
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- 2017
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31. P110: Altered phenotypes in the pathogenesis of ARDS
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Cuschieri, J., Bulger, E., Schaeffer, V., Billgren, J., Klotz, P., and Maier, R.V.
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- 2007
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32. Differential effects on T-cell function following exposure to serum from schizophrenia smokers.
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Herberth, M., Krzyszton, D. N., Koethe, D., Craddock, M. R., Bulger, E., Schwarz, E., Guest, P., Leweke, F. M., and Bahn, S.
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SCHIZOPHRENIA - Abstract
A correction to the article "Differential Effects on T-cell Function Following Exposure to Serum From Schizophrenia Smokers" that was published in the November 11, 2008 issue is presented.
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- 2009
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33. A management algorithm for patients with intracranial pressure monitoring: the Seattle International Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Consensus Conference (SIBICC)
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Juan Sahuquillo, Paul M. Vespa, Alan Hoffer, Fabio Silvio Taccone, Geert Meyfroidt, Odette A. Harris, Shelly D. Timmons, Eve C. Tsai, David K. Menon, David W. Wright, Sergio Aguilera, Lori Shutter, Walter Videtta, Christopher Zammit, Franco Servadei, Romergryko G. Geocadin, Andres M. Rubiano, Jamshid Ghajar, Jeffrey V. Rosenfeld, Daniel B. Michael, Deborah M. Stein, Anthony Figaji, Mauro Oddo, David O. Okonkwo, Andras Buki, Geoffrey T. Manley, Nino Stocchetti, D. Jamie Cooper, Mayur B. Patel, Eileen M. Bulger, Stephan A. Mayer, Guoyi Gao, Claudia S. Robertson, Mathew Joseph, Jamie S. Ullman, Peter Hutchinson, Randall M. Chesnut, Gregory W.J. Hawryluk, Giuseppe Citerio, Ramon Diaz Arrastia, Michael N. Diringer, Ryan S. Kitagawa, [Hawryluk GWJ] Section of Neurosurgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. [Aguilera S] Almirante Nef Naval Hospital, Valparaiso University, Viña Del Mar, Chile. Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Chile. [Buki A] Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School and Szentágothai Research Centre, Ifjúság Útja, Pécs, Hungary. University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary. [Bulger E] Department of Surgery, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, USA. [Citerio G] School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, San Gerardo and Desio Hospitals, ASST-Monza, Monza, Italy. [Cooper DJ] Intensive Care Medicine, Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. [Sahuquillo J] Servei de Neurocirurgia, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Rubiano, Andrés M. [0000-0001-8931-3254], Hawryluk, G, Aguilera, S, Buki, A, Bulger, E, Citerio, G, Cooper, D, Arrastia, R, Diringer, M, Figaji, A, Gao, G, Geocadin, R, Ghajar, J, Harris, O, Hoffer, A, Hutchinson, P, Joseph, M, Kitagawa, R, Manley, G, Mayer, S, Menon, D, Meyfroidt, G, Michael, D, Oddo, M, Okonkwo, D, Patel, M, Robertson, C, Rosenfeld, J, Rubiano, A, Sahuquillo, J, Servadei, F, Shutter, L, Stein, D, Stocchetti, N, Taccone, F, Timmons, S, Tsai, E, Ullman, J, Vespa, P, Videtta, W, Wright, D, Zammit, C, and Chesnut, R
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Male ,Traumatic ,Consensus Development Conferences as Topic ,Psychological intervention ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,0302 clinical medicine ,Brain Injuries, Traumatic ,80 and over ,Protocol ,Brain injury ,Traumatismos craneocerebrales ,Intracranial pressure ,Aged, 80 and over ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Middle Aged ,AUTOREGULATION ,Management algorithm ,Algorithm ,Ciencias de la información::análisis de sistemas::técnica Delfos [CIENCIA DE LA INFORMACIÓN] ,Practice Guidelines as Topic ,Public Health and Health Services ,Intracranial pressure monitoring ,Nervous System Diseases::Nervous System Diseases::Trauma, Nervous System::Craniocerebral Trauma::Brain Injuries::Brain Injuries, Traumatic [DISEASES] ,Information Science::Systems Analysis::Delphi Technique [INFORMATION SCIENCE] ,Female ,TRIAL ,medicine.symptom ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Algorithms ,intracranial pressure, monitoring Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects ,Consensus ,Monitoring ,Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena::Nervous System Physiological Phenomena::Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure::Intracranial Pressure [PHENOMENA AND PROCESSES] ,Traumatic brain injury ,Aged ,Brain Injuries, Traumatic/diagnosis ,Brain Injuries, Traumatic/physiopathology ,Humans ,Intracranial Hypertension/diagnosis ,Intracranial Hypertension/physiopathology ,Monitoring, Physiologic/methods ,Monitoring, Physiologic/standards ,Head trauma ,SIBICC ,Seattle ,Tiers ,Sedation ,Clinical Sciences ,Consensu ,Neurological examination ,Presión intracraneal ,and over ,Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Critical Care Medicine ,Equips d'especialistes ,General & Internal Medicine ,DECOMPRESSIVE CRANIECTOMY ,medicine ,enfermedades del sistema nervioso::enfermedades del sistema nervioso::traumatismos del sistema nervioso::traumatismos craneocerebrales::lesiones encefálicas::lesiones encefálicas traumáticas [ENFERMEDADES] ,Physiologic ,Intensive care medicine ,Cervell - Ferides i lesions ,Traumatic Head and Spine Injury ,Monitoring, Physiologic ,Lesiones traumáticas del encéfalo ,Protocol (science) ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,Neurosciences ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,medicine.disease ,Emergency & Critical Care Medicine ,Brain Disorders ,fenómenos fisiológicos nerviosos y musculoesqueléticos::fenómenos fisiológicos del sistema nervioso::presión del líquido cefalorraquídeo::presión intracraneal [FENÓMENOS Y PROCESOS] ,Tier ,030228 respiratory system ,Brain Injuries ,Intracranial Hypertension ,business ,Pressió intracranial - Abstract
Brain injury; Head trauma; Algorithm Daño cerebral; Trauma en la cabeza; Algoritmo Lesió cerebral; Trauma al cap; Algoritme Background: Management algorithms for adult severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) were omitted in later editions of the Brain Trauma Foundation’s sTBI Management Guidelines, as they were not evidence-based. Methods: We used a Delphi-method-based consensus approach to address management of sTBI patients undergoing intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. Forty-two experienced, clinically active sTBI specialists from six continents comprised the panel. Eight surveys iterated queries and comments. An in-person meeting included whole- and small-group discussions and blinded voting. Consensus required 80% agreement. We developed heatmaps based on a traffic-light model where panelists’ decision tendencies were the focus of recommendations. Results: We provide comprehensive algorithms for ICP-monitor-based adult sTBI management. Consensus established 18 interventions as fundamental and ten treatments not to be used. We provide a three-tier algorithm for treating elevated ICP. Treatments within a tier are considered empirically equivalent. Higher tiers involve higher risk therapies. Tiers 1, 2, and 3 include 10, 4, and 3 interventions, respectively. We include inter-tier considerations, and recommendations for critical neuroworsening to assist the recognition and treatment of declining patients. Novel elements include guidance for autoregulation-based ICP treatment based on MAP Challenge results, and two heatmaps to guide (1) ICP-monitor removal and (2) consideration of sedation holidays for neurological examination. Conclusions: Our modern and comprehensive sTBI-management protocol is designed to assist clinicians managing sTBI patients monitored with ICP-monitors alone. Consensus-based (class III evidence), it provides management recommendations based on combined expert opinion. It reflects neither a standard-of-care nor a substitute for thoughtful individualized management. We thank our financial supporters who include Adler/Geirsch Attorney at Law, the American Association of Neurological Surgeons/Congress of Neurological Surgeons Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care, Bard, the Brain Trauma Foundation, DePuy, Hemedex, Integra, the Neurointensive Care Section of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, Neurosurgical Society of Australasia, Medtronic, Moberg Research, Natus, Neuroptics, Raumedic, Sophysa, Stryker, and Zoll.
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- 2019
34. TO THE FRIENDS OF IRELAND THROUGHOUT THE WORLD.
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O'RIELLY, HENRY, GOUGH, JOHN T., CAGGER, PETER, GOUGH, THOMAS, JORDAN, MATTHEW, MAHER, JAMES, BULGER, E., WALL, WILLIAM, and TRACEY, JOHN
- Published
- 1844
35. Perceived Utility of Intracranial Pressure Monitoring in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Seattle International Brain Injury Consensus Conference Consensus-Based Analysis and Recommendations
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Chesnut, Randall M, Aguilera, Sergio, Buki, Andras, Bulger, Eileen M, Citerio, Giuseppe, Cooper, D Jamie, Arrastia, Ramon Diaz, Diringer, Michael, Figaji, Anthony, Gao, Guoyi, Geocadin, Romergryko G, Ghajar, Jamshid, Harris, Odette, Hawryluk, Gregory W J, Hoffer, Alan, Hutchinson, Peter, Joseph, Mathew, Kitagawa, Ryan, Manley, Geoffrey, Mayer, Stephan, Menon, David K, Meyfroidt, Geert, Michael, Daniel B, Oddo, Mauro, Okonkwo, David O, Patel, Mayur B, Robertson, Claudia, Rosenfeld, Jeffrey V, Rubiano, Andres M, Sahuquillo, Juain, Servadei, Franco, Shutter, Lori, Stein, Deborah M, Stocchetti, Nino, Taccone, Fabio Silvio, Timmons, Shelly D, Tsai, Eve C, Ullman, Jamie S, Videtta, Walter, Wright, David W, Zammit, Christopher, Chesnut, R, Aguilera, S, Buki, A, Bulger, E, Citerio, G, Cooper, D, Arrastia, R, Diringer, M, Figaji, A, Gao, G, Geocadin, R, Ghajar, J, Harris, O, Hawryluk, G, Hoffer, A, Hutchinson, P, Joseph, M, Kitagawa, R, Manley, G, Mayer, S, Menon, D, Meyfroidt, G, Michael, D, Oddo, M, Okonkwo, D, Patel, M, Robertson, C, Rosenfeld, J, Rubiano, A, Sahuquillo, J, Servadei, F, Shutter, L, Stein, D, Stocchetti, N, Taccone, F, Timmons, S, Tsai, E, Ullman, J, Videtta, W, Wright, D, and Zammit, C
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Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,Algorithms, Consensus development, Intracranial hypertension, Intracranial pressure monitoring, Neurocritical care, Practice guidelines, Traumatic brain injury - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is widely practiced, but the indications are incompletely developed, and guidelines are poorly followed. OBJECTIVE: To study the monitoring practices of an established expert panel (the clinical working group from the Seattle International Brain Injury Consensus Conference effort) to examine the match between monitoring guidelines and their clinical decision-making and offer guidance for clinicians considering monitor insertion. METHODS: We polled the 42 Seattle International Brain Injury Consensus Conference panel members' ICP monitoring decisions for virtual patients, using matrices of presenting signs (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] total or GCS motor, pupillary examination, and computed tomography diagnosis). Monitor insertion decisions were yes, no, or unsure (traffic light approach). We analyzed their responses for weighting of the presenting signs in decision-making using univariate regression. RESULTS: Heatmaps constructed from the choices of 41 panel members revealed wider ICP monitor use than predicted by guidelines. Clinical examination (GCS) was by far the most important characteristic and differed from guidelines in being nonlinear. The modified Marshall computed tomography classification was second and pupils third. We constructed a heatmap and listed the main clinical determinants representing 80% ICP monitor insertion consensus for our recommendations. CONCLUSION: Candidacy for ICP monitoring exceeds published indicators for monitor insertion, suggesting the clinical perception that the value of ICP data is greater than simply detecting and monitoring severe intracranial hypertension. Monitor insertion heatmaps are offered as potential guidance for ICP monitor insertion and to stimulate research into what actually drives monitor insertion in unconstrained, real-world conditions. ispartof: Neurosurgery vol:93 issue:2 pages:399-408 ispartof: location:United States status: published
- Published
- 2023
36. A management algorithm for adult patients with both brain oxygen and intracranial pressure monitoring: the Seattle International Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Consensus Conference (SIBICC)
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Gregory W.J. Hawryluk, Andres M. Rubiano, Michael N. Diringer, Geoffrey T. Manley, David K. Menon, Juan Sahuquillo, Eve C. Tsai, Franco Servadei, Odette A. Harris, Ramon Diaz Arrastia, Alan Hoffer, Fabio Silvio Taccone, Romer Geocadin, Nino Stocchetti, Geert Meyfroidt, Sergio Aguilera, Lori Shutter, Jeffrey V. Rosenfeld, Stephan A. Mayer, Guoyi Gao, D. Jamie Cooper, David W. Wright, Peter J. Hutchinson, Deborah M. Stein, Ryan S. Kitagawa, Giuseppe Citerio, Jamshid Ghajar, Daniel B. Michael, Claudia S. Robertson, David O. Okonkwo, Paul M. Vespa, Shelly D. Timmons, Eileen M. Bulger, Mathew Joseph, Mauro Oddo, Jamie S. Ullman, Anthony Figaji, Randall M. Chesnut, Christopher Zammit, Andras Buki, Mayur B. Patel, Walter Videtta, Chesnut, R, Aguilera, S, Buki, A, Bulger, E, Citerio, G, Cooper, D, Arrastia, R, Diringer, M, Figaji, A, Gao, G, Geocadin, R, Ghajar, J, Harris, O, Hoffer, A, Hutchinson, P, Joseph, M, Kitagawa, R, Manley, G, Mayer, S, Menon, D, Meyfroidt, G, Michael, D, Oddo, M, Okonkwo, D, Patel, M, Robertson, C, Rosenfeld, J, Rubiano, A, Sahuquillo, J, Servadei, F, Shutter, L, Stein, D, Stocchetti, N, Taccone, F, Timmons, S, Tsai, E, Ullman, J, Vespa, P, Videtta, W, Wright, D, Zammit, C, and Hawryluk, G
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Traumatic ,Intracranial Pressure ,Conference Reports and Expert Panel ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,0302 clinical medicine ,Brain Injuries, Traumatic ,Protocol ,Brain injury ,Adult ,Algorithms ,Brain ,Brain Injuries, Traumatic/therapy ,Humans ,Intracranial Hypertension/therapy ,Monitoring, Physiologic ,Oxygen ,Algorithm ,Brain oxygen ,Consensus ,Head trauma ,Intracranial pressure ,PbtO2 ,SIBICC ,Seattle ,Tiers ,Consensus conference ,Management algorithm ,Public Health and Health Services ,Intracranial pressure monitoring ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects ,Monitoring ,Traumatic brain injury ,Clinical Sciences ,Consensu ,Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Anesthesiology ,medicine ,Physiologic ,Intensive care medicine ,bt ,Traumatic Head and Spine Injury ,Protocol (science) ,Adult patients ,business.industry ,Neurosciences ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,medicine.disease ,Emergency & Critical Care Medicine ,Brain Disorders ,Tier ,030228 respiratory system ,Brain Injuries ,Intracranial Hypertension ,business - Abstract
Background Current guidelines for the treatment of adult severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) consist of high-quality evidence reports, but they are no longer accompanied by management protocols, as these require expert opinion to bridge the gap between published evidence and patient care. We aimed to establish a modern sTBI protocol for adult patients with both intracranial pressure (ICP) and brain oxygen monitors in place. Methods Our consensus working group consisted of 42 experienced and actively practicing sTBI opinion leaders from six continents. Having previously established a protocol for the treatment of patients with ICP monitoring alone, we addressed patients who have a brain oxygen monitor in addition to an ICP monitor. The management protocols were developed through a Delphi-method-based consensus approach and were finalized at an in-person meeting. Results We established three distinct treatment protocols, each with three tiers whereby higher tiers involve therapies with higher risk. One protocol addresses the management of ICP elevation when brain oxygenation is normal. A second addresses management of brain hypoxia with normal ICP. The third protocol addresses the situation when both intracranial hypertension and brain hypoxia are present. The panel considered issues pertaining to blood transfusion and ventilator management when designing the different algorithms. Conclusions These protocols are intended to assist clinicians in the management of patients with both ICP and brain oxygen monitors but they do not reflect either a standard-of-care or a substitute for thoughtful individualized management. These protocols should be used in conjunction with recommendations for basic care, management of critical neuroworsening and weaning treatment recently published in conjunction with the Seattle International Brain Injury Consensus Conference. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00134-019-05900-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2020
37. Unsupervised clustering analysis of trauma/non-trauma centers using hospital features including surgical care.
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Sun X, Liu S, Mock C, Vavilala M, Bulger E, and Maine RG
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- Humans, Cluster Analysis, Washington, Hospitals statistics & numerical data, Wounds and Injuries surgery, Wounds and Injuries epidemiology, Female, Male, Trauma Centers statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background: Injuries are a leading cause of death in the United States. Trauma systems aim to ensure all injured patients receive appropriate care. Hospitals that participate in a trauma system, trauma centers (TCs), are designated with different levels according to guidelines that dictate access to medical and research resources but not specific surgical care. This study aimed to identify patterns of injury care that distinguish different TCs and hospitals without trauma designation, non-trauma centers (non-TCs)., Study Design: We extracted hospital-level features from the state inpatient hospital discharge data in Washington state, including all TCs and non-TCs, in 2016. We provided summary statistics and tested the differences of each feature across the TC/non-TC levels. We then conducted 3 sets of unsupervised clustering analyses using the Partition Around Medoids method to determine which hospitals had similar features. Set 1 and 2 included hospital surgical care (volume or distribution) features and other features (e.g., the average age of patients, payer mix, etc.). Set 3 explored surgical care without additional features., Results: The clusters only partially aligned with the TC designations. Set 1 found the volume and variation of surgical care distinguished the hospitals, while in Set 2 orthopedic procedures and other features such as age, social vulnerability indices, and payer types drove the clusters. Set 3 results showed that procedure volume rather than the relative proportions of procedures aligned more, though not completely, with TC designation., Conclusion: Unsupervised machine learning identified surgical care delivery patterns that explained variation beyond level designation. This research provides insights into how systems leaders could optimize the level allocation for TCs/non-TCs in a mature trauma system by better understanding the distribution of care in the system., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Sun et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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- 2024
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38. Identifying and addressing mentorship gaps in European trauma and emergency surgical training. Results from the Young European Society of Trauma and Emergency Surgery (yESTES) mentorship survey.
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Cioffi SPB, Benuzzi L, Herbolzheimer M, Marrano E, Bellio G, Kluijfhout WP, Wijdicks FJ, Hättich A, Talving P, Bulger E, Tilsed J, Mariani D, Valcarcel CR, Mohseni S, Brundage S, Yanez C, Verbruggen JPAM, Hildebrand F, Schipper IB, Gaarder C, Cimbanassi S, Kurihara H, and Bass GA
- Abstract
Purpose: European training pathways for surgeons dedicated to treating severely injured and critically ill surgical patients lack a standardized approach and are significantly influenced by diverse organizational and cultural backgrounds. This variation extends into the realm of mentorship, a vital component for the holistic development of surgeons beyond mere technical proficiency. Currently, a comprehensive understanding of the mentorship landscape within the European trauma care (visceral or skeletal) and emergency general surgery (EGS) communities is lacking. This study aims to identify within the current mentorship environment prevalent practices, discern existing gaps, and propose structured interventions to enhance mentorship quality and accessibility led by the European Society for Trauma and Emergency Surgery (ESTES)., Methods: Utilizing a structured survey conceived and promoted by the Young section of the European Society of Trauma and Emergency Surgery (yESTES), we collected and analyzed responses from 123 ESTES members (both surgeons in practice and in training) across 20 European countries. The survey focused on mentorship experiences, challenges faced by early-career and female surgeons, the integration of non-technical skills (NTS) in mentorship, and the perceived role of surgical societies in facilitating mentorship., Results: Findings highlighted a substantial mentorship experience gap, with 74% of respondents engaging in mostly informal mentorship, predominantly centered on surgical training. Notably, mentorship among early-career surgeons and trainees was less reported, uncovering a significant early-career gap. Female surgeons, representing a minority within respondents, reported a disproportionately poorer access to mentorship. Moreover, while respondents recognized the importance of NTS, these were inadequately addressed in current mentorship practices. The current mentorship input of surgical societies, like ESTES, is viewed as insufficient, with a call for structured programs and initiatives such as traveling fellowships and remote mentoring., Conclusions: Our survey underscores critical gaps in the current mentorship landscape for trauma and EGS in Europe, particularly for early-career and female surgeons. A clear need exists for more formalized, inclusive mentorship programs that adequately cover both technical and non-technical skills. ESTES could play a pivotal role in addressing these gaps through structured interventions, fostering a more supportive, inclusive, and well-rounded surgical community., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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39. The only winner in war is medicine: Safeguarding military trauma lessons learned through a military surgery partnership with the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma.
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Dilday J, Martin MJ, Tadlock M, Yelon J, Gautschy S, Livingston DH, Bulger E, Schreiber M, Holcomb J, and Gurney J
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- Humans, United States, Wounds and Injuries surgery, Wounds and Injuries therapy, Military Personnel, War-Related Injuries surgery, War-Related Injuries therapy, Military Medicine methods, Military Medicine organization & administration, Traumatology, Societies, Medical
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- 2024
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40. Can Baseline Patient Clinical and Demographic Characteristics Predict Response to Early Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Interventions After Physical Injury?
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Birk N, Russo J, Heagerty P, Parker L, Moloney K, Bulger E, Whiteside L, Moodliar R, Engstrom A, Wang J, Palinkas L, Abu K, and Zatzick D
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- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Wounds and Injuries therapy, Wounds and Injuries psychology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic therapy
- Abstract
Objective: A growing evidence base supports stepped care interventions for the early treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after physical injury. Few investigations have examined the characteristics of patients who do and do not respond to these interventions., Method: This investigation was a secondary analysis that used previously collected data from three randomized clinical trials of stepped care interventions (patient N = 498). The study hypothesized that a subgroup of patients would manifest persistent PTSD symptoms regardless of randomization to intervention or control conditions, and that characteristics present at the time of baseline injury hospitalization could distinguish patients who would develop persistent symptoms from potential treatment responders. Regression analyses identified baseline patient clinical and demographic characteristics that were associated with persistent PTSD symptoms over the 6-months post-injury. Additional analyses identified treatment attributes of intervention patients who were and were not likely to demonstrate persistent symptoms., Results: A substantial subgroup of patients ( n = 222, 44.6%) demonstrated persistent PTSD symptoms over time. Greater numbers of pre-injury trauma, pre-injury PTSD symptoms, elevated early post-injury PTSD symptoms, unemployment, and non-White race identified patients with persistent symptoms. Patients with ≥3 of these baseline risk characteristics demonstrated diminished treatment responses when compared to patients with <3 characteristics. Intervention patients with ≥3 risk characteristics were less likely to engage in treatment and required greater amounts of interventionist time., Conclusions: Injured trauma survivors have readily identifiable characteristics at the time of hospitalization that can distinguish responders to PTSD stepped care interventions versus patients who may be treatment refractory.
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- 2024
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41. The effects of prehospital TXA on mortality and neurologic outcomes in patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage: a subgroup analysis from the prehospital TXA for TBI trial.
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Rowell S, Meier EN, Gomez TH, Fleming M, Jui J, Morrison L, Bulger E, Sopko G, Weisfeldt M, Christenson J, Klotz P, McMullan J, Callum J, Sheehan K, Tibbs B, Aufderheide T, Cotton B, Gandhi R, Idris A, Frascone RJ, Ferrara M, Richmond N, Kannas D, Schlamp R, Robinson B, Dries D, Tallon J, Hendrickson A, Gamber M, Garrett J, Simonson R, McKinley WI, and Schreiber M
- Abstract
Background: In the Prehospital Tranexamic Acid (TXA) for TBI Trial, TXA administered within two hours of injury in the out-of-hospital setting did not reduce mortality in all patients with moderate/severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). We examined the association between TXA dosing arms, neurologic outcome, and mortality in patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) on computed tomography (CT)., Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the Prehospital Tranexamic Acid for TBI Trial (ClinicalTrials.gov [NCT01990768]) that randomized adults with moderate/severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale<13) and systolic blood pressure > =90 mmHg within two hours of injury to a 2-gram out-of-hospital TXA bolus followed by an in-hospital saline infusion, a 1-gram out-of-hospital TXA bolus/1-gram in-hospital TXA infusion, or an out-of-hospital saline bolus/in-hospital saline infusion (placebo). This analysis included the subgroup with ICH on initial CT. Primary outcomes included 28-day mortality, 6-month Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) < = 4, and 6-month Disability Rating Scale (DRS). Outcomes were modeled using linear regression with robust standard errors., Results: The primary trial included 966 patients. Among 541 participants with ICH, 28-day mortality was lower in the 2-gram TXA bolus group (17%) compared to the other two groups (1-gram bolus/1-gram infusion 26%, placebo 27%). The estimated adjusted difference between the 2-gram bolus and placebo groups was -8·5 percentage points (95% CI, -15.9 to -1.0) and between the 2-gram bolus and 1-gram bolus/1-gram infusion groups was -10.2 percentage points (95% CI, -17.6 to -2.9). DRS at 6 months was lower in the 2-gram TXA bolus group than the 1-gram bolus/1-gram infusion (estimated difference -2.1 [95% CI, -4.2 to -0.02]) and placebo groups (-2.2 [95% CI, -4.3, -0.2]). Six-month GOSE did not differ among groups., Conclusions: A 2-gram out-of-hospital TXA bolus in patients with moderate/severe TBI and ICH resulted in lower 28-day mortality and lower 6-month DRS than placebo and standard TXA dosing., Level of Evidence: Therapeutic/Care Management, Level II., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: All authors have submitted JTACS Disclosure forms which are provided as supplemental digital content (http://links.lww.com/TA/D765). I, Susan Rowell, attest on behalf of all authors, that we had full access to the data of the study, conducted all data analyses independently from the funding entity, and take complete responsibility for the integrity and accuracy of the data reported in the manuscript., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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42. American Association for the Surgery of Trauma/American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma: Clinical protocol for damage-control resuscitation for the adult trauma patient.
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LaGrone LN, Stein D, Cribari C, Kaups K, Harris C, Miller AN, Smith B, Dutton R, Bulger E, and Napolitano LM
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- Adult, Humans, Hemorrhage etiology, Hemorrhage prevention & control, Resuscitation methods, Clinical Protocols, Blood Coagulation Disorders etiology, Blood Coagulation Disorders therapy, Hemostatics, Surgeons, Wounds and Injuries complications, Wounds and Injuries surgery
- Abstract
Abstract: Damage-control resuscitation in the care of critically injured trauma patients aims to limit blood loss and prevent and treat coagulopathy by combining early definitive hemorrhage control, hypotensive resuscitation, and early and balanced use of blood products (hemostatic resuscitation) and the use of other hemostatic agents. This clinical protocol has been developed to provide evidence-based recommendations for optimal damage-control resuscitation in the care of trauma patients with hemorrhage., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma.)
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- 2024
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43. Implementation of Extracorporeal CPR Programs for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Another Tale of Two County Hospitals.
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Condella A, Simpson NS, Bilodeau KS, Stewart B, Mandell S, Taylor M, Heather B, Bulger E, Johnson NJ, and Prekker ME
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Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is a form of intensive life support that has seen increasing use globally to improve outcomes for patients who experience out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Hospitals with advanced critical care capabilities may be interested in launching an ECPR program to offer this support to the patients they serve; however, to do so, they must first consider the significant investment of resources necessary to start and sustain the program. The existing literature describes many single-center ECPR programs and often focuses on inpatient care and patient outcomes in hospitals with cardiac surgery capabilities. However, building a successful ECPR program and using this technology to support an individual patient experiencing refractory cardiac arrest secondary to a shockable rhythm depends on efficient out-of-hospital and emergency department (ED) management. This article describes the process of implementing 2 intensivist-led ECPR programs with limited cardiac surgery capability. We focus on emergency medical services and ED clinician roles in identifying patients, mobilizing resources, initiation and management of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) in the ED, and ongoing efforts to improve ECPR program quality. Each center experienced a significant learning curve to reach goals of arrest-to-flow times of cannulation for ECPR. Building consensus from multidisciplinary stakeholders, including out-of-hospital stakeholders; establishing shared expectations of ECPR outcomes; and ensuring adequate resource support for ECPR activation were all key lessons in improving our ECPR programs., (Copyright © 2024 American College of Emergency Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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44. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, and mortality after trauma are associated with increased circulation of syndecan-1, soluble thrombomodulin, and receptor for advanced glycation end products.
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Dixon A, Kenny JE, Buzzard L, Holcomb J, Bulger E, Wade C, Fabian T, and Schreiber M
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- Humans, Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products metabolism, Syndecan-1 metabolism, Thrombomodulin metabolism, Biomarkers, Endothelium, Vascular metabolism, Kidney, Respiratory Distress Syndrome etiology, Acute Kidney Injury etiology
- Abstract
Background: Disruption of the vascular endothelium and endothelial glycocalyx (EG) has been described after severe trauma. Plasma has been suggested to restore microvascular integrity by preservation and repair of the EG. We sought to evaluate whether plasma administered in a 1:1:1 ratio was associated with less endothelial marker circulation than a 1:1:2 ratio., Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the PROPPR trial, which investigated post-traumatic resuscitation with platelets, plasma, and red blood cells in a 1:1:1 ratio compared with a 1:1:2 ratio. Syndecan-1, soluble thrombomodulin (sTM), and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) were quantified for each treatment group on admission and at 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours. Patients were excluded if they did not survive longer than 3 hours or had data from fewer than two time points., Results: Three hundred eight patients in the 1:1:1 group and 291 in the 1:1:2 group were analyzed. There were no statistically significant differences in syndecan-1, sTM, or RAGE between treatment groups at any time point ( p > 0.05). Patients who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, and death had significantly elevated biomarker expression at most time points when compared with patients who did not develop these sequelae ( p < 0.05)., Conclusion: Administration of FFP in a 1:1:1 ratio does not consistently affect circulation of endothelial biomarkers following significant trauma when compared with a 1:1:2 ratio. The development of post-traumatic ARDS, AKI, and death was associated with increased endothelial biomarker circulation., Level of Evidence: Therapeutic/Care Management; Level III., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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45. Stepped collaborative care versus American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma required screening and referral for posttraumatic stress disorder: Clinical trial protocol.
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Knutzen T, Bulger E, Iles-Shih M, Hernandez A, Engstrom A, Whiteside L, Birk N, Abu K, Shoyer J, Conde C, Ryan P, Wang J, Russo J, Heagerty P, Palinkas L, and Zatzick D
- Subjects
- Humans, Comorbidity, Referral and Consultation, Trauma Centers, United States, Pragmatic Clinical Trials as Topic, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic diagnosis, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic therapy, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic epidemiology, Surgeons
- Abstract
Background: Each year in the US, approximately 1.5-2.5 million individuals are so severely injured that they require inpatient hospital admissions. The American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (College) now requires that trauma centers have in place protocols to identify and refer hospitalized patients at risk injury psychological sequelae. Literature review revealed no investigations that have identified optimal screening, intervention, and referral procedures in the wake of the College requirement., Methods: The single-site pragmatic trial investigation will individually randomize 424 patients (212 intervention and 212 control) to a brief stepped care intervention versus College required mental health screening and referral control conditions. Blinded follow-up interviews at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-months post-injury will assess the symptoms of PTSD and related comorbidity for all patients. The emergency department information exchange (EDIE) will be used to capture population-level automated emergency department and inpatient utilization data for the intent-to-treat sample. The investigation aims to test the primary hypotheses that intervention patients will demonstrate significant reductions in PTSD symptoms and emergency department/inpatient utilization when compared to control patients. The study incorporates a Rapid Assessment Procedure-Informed Clinical Ethnography (RAPICE) implementation process assessment., Conclusions: The overarching goal of the investigation is to advance the sustainable delivery of high-quality trauma center mental health screening, intervention, and referral procedures for diverse injury survivors. An end-of-study policy summit will harness pragmatic trial data to inform the capacity for US trauma centers to implement high-quality acute care mental health screening, intervention and referral services for diverse injured patient populations., Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.govNCT05632770., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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46. Emergency Department and Inpatient Utilization Reductions and Cost Savings Associated With Trauma Center Mental Health Intervention: Results From a 5-year Longitudinal Randomized Clinical Trial Analysis.
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Prater L, Bulger E, Maier RV, Goldstein E, Thomas P, Russo J, Wang J, Engstrom A, Abu K, Whiteside L, Knutzen T, Iles-Shih M, Heagerty P, and Zatzick D
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- Humans, Inpatients, Cost Savings, Emergency Service, Hospital, Disease Progression, Trauma Centers, Mental Health
- Abstract
Objective: To identify and refer patients at high risk for the psychological sequelae of traumatic injury, the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma now requires that trauma centers have in-place protocols. No investigations have documented reductions in utilization and associated potential cost savings associated with trauma center mental health interventions., Background: The investigation was a randomized clinical trial analysis that incorporated novel 5-year emergency department (ED)/inpatient health service utilization follow-up data., Methods: Patients were randomized to a mental health intervention, targeting the psychological sequelae of traumatic injury (n = 85) versus enhanced usual care control (n = 86) conditions. The intervention included case management that coordinated trauma center-to-community care linkages, psychotropic medication consultation, and psychotherapy elements. Mixed model regression was used to assess intervention and control group utilization differences over time. An economic analysis was also conducted., Results: Over the course of the 5-year intervention, patients demonstrated significant reductions in ED/inpatient utilization when compared with control patients [ F (19,3210) = 2.23, P = 0.009]. Intervention utilization reductions were greatest at 3 to 6 months (intervention 15.5% vs control 26.7%, relative risk = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.34, 1.00) and 12 to 15 months (intervention 16.5% vs control 30.6%, relative risk = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.91) postinjury time points. The economic analysis suggested potential intervention cost savings., Conclusions: Mental health intervention is associated with significant reductions in ED and inpatient utilization, as well as potential cost savings. These findings could be productively integrated into future American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma policy discussions., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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47. Research priorities in venous thromboembolism after trauma: Secondary analysis of the National Trauma Research Action Plan.
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Costantini TW, Bulger E, Price MA, and Haut ER
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- Humans, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Research Design, Anticoagulants therapeutic use, Venous Thromboembolism etiology, Venous Thromboembolism prevention & control
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Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality during recovery from injury and can result in significant health care costs. Despite advances in the past several decades in our approach to VTE prophylaxis after injury, opportunities exist to improve the delivery and implementation of optimal VTE prophylaxis. Here, we aim to identify consensus research questions related to VTE across all National Trauma Research Action Plan (NTRAP) Delphi expert panels to further guide the research agenda aimed at preventing VTE after injury., Methods: This is a secondary analysis of consensus-based research priorities that were collected using a Delphi methodology by 11 unique NTRAP panels that were charged with unique topic areas across the spectrum of injury care. The database of questions was queried for the keywords "VTE," "venous thromboembo," and "DVT" and then grouped into relevant topic areas., Results: There were 86 VTE-related research questions identified across 9 NTRAP panels. Eighty-five questions reached consensus with 24 rated high priority; 60, medium priority; and 1, low priority. Questions related to the timing of VTE prophylaxis (n = 17) were most common, followed by questions related to risk factors for the development of VTE (n = 16), the effects of tranexamic acid on VTE (n = 11), the approach to dosing of pharmacologic prophylaxis (n = 8), and the pharmacologic prophylactic medication choice for optimal VTE prophylaxis (n = 6)., Conclusion: National Trauma Research Action Plan panelists identified 85 consensus-based research questions that should drive dedicated extramural research funding opportunities to support quality studies aimed at optimizing VTE prophylaxis after injury., Level of Evidence: Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level IV., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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48. Diffuse optical tomography spatial prior for EEG source localization in human visual cortex.
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Cao J, Bulger E, Shinn-Cunningham B, Grover P, and Kainerstorfer JM
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- Humans, Electroencephalography methods, Computer Simulation, Neuroimaging, Algorithms, Brain Mapping methods, Tomography, Optical methods, Visual Cortex diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) and diffuse optical tomography (DOT) are imaging methods which are widely used for neuroimaging. While the temporal resolution of EEG is high, the spatial resolution is typically limited. DOT, on the other hand, has high spatial resolution, but the temporal resolution is inherently limited by the slow hemodynamics it measures. In our previous work, we showed using computer simulations that when using the results of DOT reconstruction as the spatial prior for EEG source reconstruction, high spatio-temporal resolution could be achieved. In this work, we experimentally validate the algorithm by alternatingly flashing two visual stimuli at a speed that is faster than the temporal resolution of DOT. We show that the joint reconstruction using both EEG and DOT clearly resolves the two stimuli temporally, and the spatial confinement is drastically improved in comparison to reconstruction using EEG alone., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None, (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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49. Association of Trauma Molecular Endotypes With Differential Response to Transfusion Resuscitation Strategies.
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Thau MR, Liu T, Sathe NA, O'Keefe GE, Robinson BRH, Bulger E, Wade CE, Fox EE, Holcomb JB, Liles WC, Stanaway IB, Mikacenic C, Wurfel MM, Bhatraju PK, and Morrell ED
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Adult, Blood Transfusion, Resuscitation methods, Injury Severity Score, Hemostatics, Shock, Hemorrhagic therapy
- Abstract
Importance: It is not clear which severely injured patients with hemorrhagic shock may benefit most from a 1:1:1 vs 1:1:2 (plasma:platelets:red blood cells) resuscitation strategy. Identification of trauma molecular endotypes may reveal subgroups of patients with differential treatment response to various resuscitation strategies., Objective: To derive trauma endotypes (TEs) from molecular data and determine whether these endotypes are associated with mortality and differential treatment response to 1:1:1 vs 1:1:2 resuscitation strategies., Design, Setting, and Participants: This was a secondary analysis of the Pragmatic, Randomized Optimal Platelet and Plasma Ratios (PROPPR) randomized clinical trial. The study cohort included individuals with severe injury from 12 North American trauma centers. The cohort was taken from the participants in the PROPPR trial who had complete plasma biomarker data available. Study data were analyzed on August 2, 2021, to October 25, 2022., Exposures: TEs identified by K-means clustering of plasma biomarkers collected at hospital arrival., Main Outcomes and Measures: An association between TEs and 30-day mortality was tested using multivariable relative risk (RR) regression adjusting for age, sex, trauma center, mechanism of injury, and injury severity score (ISS). Differential treatment response to transfusion strategy was assessed using an RR regression model for 30-day mortality by incorporating an interaction term for the product of endotype and treatment group adjusting for age, sex, trauma center, mechanism of injury, and ISS., Results: A total of 478 participants (median [IQR] age, 34.5 [25-51] years; 384 male [80%]) of the 680 participants in the PROPPR trial were included in this study analysis. A 2-class model that had optimal performance in K-means clustering was found. TE-1 (n = 270) was characterized by higher plasma concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers (eg, interleukin 8 and tumor necrosis factor α) and significantly higher 30-day mortality compared with TE-2 (n = 208). There was a significant interaction between treatment arm and TE for 30-day mortality. Mortality in TE-1 was 28.6% with 1:1:2 treatment vs 32.6% with 1:1:1 treatment, whereas mortality in TE-2 was 24.5% with 1:1:2 treatment vs 7.3% with 1:1:1 treatment (P for interaction = .001)., Conclusions and Relevance: Results of this secondary analysis suggest that endotypes derived from plasma biomarkers in trauma patients at hospital arrival were associated with a differential response to 1:1:1 vs 1:1:2 resuscitation strategies in trauma patients with severe injury. These findings support the concept of molecular heterogeneity in critically ill trauma populations and have implications for tailoring therapy for patients at high risk for adverse outcomes.
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- 2023
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50. Evaluating feasibility of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in dolphins.
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Ruesch A, Acharya D, Bulger E, Cao J, Christopher McKnight J, Manley M, Fahlman A, Shinn-Cunningham BG, and Kainerstorfer JM
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- Humans, Animals, Adult, Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared, Feasibility Studies, Head, Bottle-Nosed Dolphin physiology
- Abstract
Significance: Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus ) could help to understand how echolocating animals perceive their environment and how they focus on specific auditory objects, such as fish, in noisy marine settings., Aim: To test the feasibility of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in medium-sized marine mammals, such as dolphins, we modeled the light propagation with computational tools to determine the wavelengths, optode locations, and separation distances that maximize sensitivity to brain tissue., Approach: Using frequency-domain NIRS, we measured the absorption and reduced scattering coefficient of dolphin sculp. We assigned muscle, bone, and brain optical properties from the literature and modeled light propagation in a spatially accurate and biologically relevant model of a dolphin head, using finite-element modeling. We assessed tissue sensitivities for a range of wavelengths (600 to 1700 nm), source-detector distances (50 to 120 mm), and animal sizes (juvenile model 25% smaller than adult)., Results: We found that the wavelengths most suitable for imaging the brain fell into two ranges: 700 to 900 nm and 1100 to 1150 nm. The optimal location for brain sensing positioned the center point between source and detector 30 to 50 mm caudal of the blowhole and at an angle 45 deg to 90 deg lateral off the midsagittal plane. Brain tissue sensitivity comparable to human measurements appears achievable only for smaller animals, such as juvenile bottlenose dolphins or smaller species of cetaceans, such as porpoises, or with source-detector separations ≫ 100 mm in adult dolphins., Conclusions: Brain measurements in juvenile or subadult dolphins, or smaller dolphin species, may be possible using specialized fNIRS devices that support optode separations of > 100 mm . We speculate that many measurement repetitions will be required to overcome hemodynamic signals originating predominantly from the muscle layer above the skull. NIRS measurements of muscle tissue are feasible today with source-detector separations of 50 mm, or even less., (© 2023 The Authors.)
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- 2023
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