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Schools, workplaces, businesses, and even homes are places where someone could be subjected to particulate matter (PM) – a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air. PM is a ubiquitous pollutant comprising a complex and ever-changing combination of chemicals, dust, and biologic materials such as allergens. Of special concern is fine particulate matter (PM2.5), PM with a diameter of 2.5 microns (<0.0001 inch) or smaller. Fine PM is small enough to penetrate deep into the respiratory system, and the smallest fraction of it, ultrafine particles (UFPs), or particles with diameters less than 0.1 micron, can exert neurotoxic effects on the brain. Overwhelming evidence exists that exposure to PM2.5 of outdoor origin is associated with a range of adverse health effects, including cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological and psychiatric, and endocrine disorders as well as poor birth outcomes, with the burden of these effects falling more heavily on underserved and marginalized communities. Health Risks of Indoor Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Practical Mitigation Solutions explores the state-of the-science on the health risks of exposure to fine particulate matter indoors along with engineering solutions and interventions to reduce risks of exposure to it, including practical mitigation strategies. This report offers recommendations to reduce population exposure to PM2.5, to reduce health impacts on susceptible populations including the elderly, young children, and those with pre-existing conditions, and to address important knowledge gaps.

Bad experiences with construction quality, the energy crises of 1973 and 1979, complaints about'sick buildings', thermal, acoustical, visual and olfactory discomfort, the need for good air quality, the move towards energy efficiency, decarbonization and sustainability? all these have accelerated the development of a discipline that, for a long time, was hardly more than an academic exercise: building physics. The discipline embraces domains such as heat and mass transfer, building acoustics, lighting, indoor environmental quality, energy efficiency, and, in some countries, fire safety. Through the application of physical knowledge and its combination with information coming from other disciplines, building physics helps to under-stand the physical phenomena governing building parts, building envelope, whole building and built environment performance? called urban physics. Today, building physics has be-come a key player on the road to highly performing new buildings and renovations. This book deals with heat, air and moisture transport in building parts or assemblies and whole buildings with emphasis on the building engineering applications. Compared to the third edition, this fourth edition has been expanded in chapter 1 to include the physical determination of the thermal conductivity of materials, together with an in-depth discussion of all the effects of thicker insulation layers. In chapter 2, additional information has been added on wind pressure and the evaluation of condensation inside the building com-ponents, while a new chapter 4 on material properties has been included. The whole book, including the figures, has been revised and restructured where necessary.

Despite the growing emphasis on energy efficiency in building design, our indoor environments often fall short of providing optimal conditions for health and well-being. Indoor air quality, temperature, and lighting levels play crucial roles in occupant health, yet they are frequently overlooked in building practices. This oversight leads to environments that can harm health, contributing to respiratory problems, allergies, and reduced productivity. Design Strategies for Efficient and Sustainable Building Facilities offers a comprehensive solution. We delve into recent advances in building design, construction, and operation that prioritize energy efficiency and occupant health. By incorporating intelligent sensors, automation systems, and renewable energy sources like solar and wind power, buildings can be transformed into healthy, sustainable spaces that promote well-being. This book is tailored for researchers, professionals, university professors, and master's and doctoral students who seek to advance sustainable building practices. By exploring topics such as thermal comfort, air quality monitoring, and sustainable materials, readers will gain valuable insights into creating buildings that reduce environmental impact and enhance the health and well-being of occupants. Together, we can reshape the future of building practices, creating environments that nurture both people and the planet.

Performance-Based Building Design This third book in a series of three dealing with building physics and its application, looks to the impact a performance requirements linked approach has on building design and construction. It starts with a resumption of what's expected from buildings, followed by discussing a range of materials needed to guarantee a correct heat, air, moisture response. Then, looked is to preparing the building site, the excavations needed, the foundations, the below-grade parts and spaces, the structural systems commonly used, the floors, different types of outer walls, different types of roof assemblies, inside walls, the glazing, windows, outer doors, glass façades, bal-conies, all kind of shafts, chimneys, stairs, timber-frame construction, wall, floor and ceiling finishes. Each time again, not only the heat, air, moisture related metrics but also structural integrity, durability, fire safety, acoustics, maintenance, sustainability and buildability are dis- cussed. The whole ends with looking to the risks deficiencies may cause. For this new edition, all chapters have been critically reviewed, actualized and gifted with additional figures where needed, so incorporating the experiences gained from 38 years of teaching to architectural and building engineering students, from 36 years of research, and from 53 years of practice, curing damage cases due to failing performance.

While the first volume on building physics deals with the physical principles of heat, air and moisture behaviour of buildings, building structures and components, this second volume on applied building physics focuses on the question of what the desired performance of buildings consists of. To achieve this, knowledge of the external environmental effects and the internal live loads to which buildings are subjected is a necessary first step. Subsequently, the performance requirements and the physical correspondences are deepened with the determination of their physical parameters, at the levels of buildings, building structures and building components. Compared to the second edition, the discussion of criteria is not limited to thermal comfort, but also includes acoustic, visual and olfactory aspects. Likewise, the indoor air quality is considered in a broader way. Analyses and calculations result in sustainable buildings with a comfortable indoor climate from functional and durable building constructions. Compared to the second edition, the text for the third edition has been reorganised, corrected, revised and expanded where appropriate. A useful appendix for quick reference contains standard values of material properties for a wide range of building materials. The analyses and calculations described in this book result in sustainable buildings made of functional and durable building constructions, with comfortable and healthy indoor climate and air quality. Compared to the second edition the text in this third edition has been reshuffled, corrected, reworked and extended where appropriate.

Que l'on soit financeur, maître d'ouvrage, maître d'oeuvre, consultant, entrepreneur, gestionnaire, industriel ou énergéticien ; que l'on intervienne pour le compte des pouvoirs publics ou d'une collectivité territoriale, on trouvera ici tout ce qui concerne la construction durable. Ainsi introduit au coeur de la troisième révolution industrielle fondée sur le numérique, on saura d'un côté comment aborder l'environnement, le social et l'économique dans une même démarche urbaine durable, l'utilisateur étant, lui, toujours au centre. Capable d'évaluer l'importance du financement, on pourra entreprendre une démarche RSE(responsabilité sociétale des entreprises) réelle et mesurée. De l'autre côté, on saura s'engager sur des performances énergétiques réelles et gérer le bilan carbone d'une opération après avoir donné toute sa place au programme. Confort, bien-être, usages : c'est l'occupant qui sera au centre de la conception. Matériaux, ventilation, chauffage, éclairage : l'éventail des solutions nous sera familier tout comme les principales énergies renouvelables, solaire thermique et photovoltaïque, biomasse, biométhane, géothermie, hydrogène. Enfin, on maîtrisera la part de l'exploitation dans la performance économique et écologique du bâti. La deuxième édition tiendra compte de la nouvelle réglementation environnementale RE 2020 et sera étoffée de nouveaux textes portant notamment sur la végétalisation et le réemploi.

Human Centric Integrative Lighting Detailed presentation of the technical and non-technical aspects of modern lighting and its effect on humans Human Centric Integrative Lighting provides a highly comprehensive overview of the subject, also referred to as human-centered indoor lighting technology; taking a practice-oriented approach, scientific findings in the field are condensed into models that can be directly used by developers. Written by leading scientists in the field of lighting technology, Human Centric Integrative Lighting includes detailed information on: Fundamentals of lighting technology as it interacts with human perception and the current state of interior lighting today Basic principles of human centric integrative lighting and its various aspects, such as visual performance, color quality, emotional impact, and correlation of relevant parameters Comprehensive lighting quality models and subsequently derived recommendations for the practical implementation of concepts Relevant research findings from journals, patent specifications, and standards to provide a unified outlook on the field Providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of development in the field, Human Centric Integrative Lighting discusses validated physiological and psychological perceptual models on which manufacturers of lighting products and suppliers of lighting technology solutions can base key design and development decisions. lighting products; lighting technology solutions; lighting design; lighting development; human-centered indoor lighting technology; lighting color quality; lighting principles; lighting emotional impact; lighting quality; lighting research

The provision of low carbon heating and cooling is recognised as one of the hardest challenges to solve in combating climate change. This reference text is designed to impart the essential knowledge needed for new entrants to make a rapid contribution in this growing industry. Part 1 provides the historical background to the development of District Heating and Cooling (DH/C) and a description of the technology. Part 2 describes the engineering design of each element of the system: the heating/cooling system within the buildings, the interface equipment between the building and the heating/cooling networks, the heating/cooling network itself, and the Energy Centre where the low carbon energy is produced. Part 3 considers how DH/C compares with other low carbon options and how newer technologies and techniques may be applied in changing market conditions. Key Features Presents the fundamentals of the engineering of District Heating and Cooling (DH/C) Discusses the technology, operation and key components of DH/C schemes Shows how DH/C compares with other low carbon technologies with respect to CO2 emissions, costs, disruption and other impacts Discusses how DH/C can be developed in the future world of renewable energy and the low carbon economy Includes case studies and links to reports and papers freely available online

Conventional building skins are constructed as static structures upon the typical design conditions in terms of external climate and internal occupant activities. This generates dissociation between the envelope structure and its environment. With the emerging advanced materials, such as chromic-based materials, spectrally selective coatings, and transparent photovoltaic, more dynamic and smarter building skins are now achievable and constructible. This book updates readers on the key areas of smart building skins embodied in the novel advanced materials with unique structures and smart properties that enable multiple functions in energy efficiency, solar harvesting, and environmental greenness. It synergistically integrates the topics and knowledge of material design and experimental studies, theoretical analyses of building energy-saving mechanisms and solar energy utilization, and new design methodologies and processes taking advanced materials into account at different scales - from nano to the macroscale.

This book provides a comprehensive theoretical platform for the use and construction of double skin façade projects. The DSF concept has been used mostly in European buildings; however, its success in other climates should be addressed. Increasing numbers of buildings are featuring double skin façade technology in the US; however, still relatively few have been studied for their performance in operation.This book gives architects a practical guide to analyze and evaluate the actual performance of double skin façade buildings in different climatic contexts. It is important for high-performance buildings to have tools to evaluate a design's predicted performance to achieve specific sustainable goals. To determine that the application of DSF in different climates will provide better thermal comfort, building simulation tools analyze various thermal comfort parameters through studies of the façade and compare them with the actual building's performance data. The book takes the reader on an on-site tour of eight DSF buildings around the US. Interviews with the buildings'architects and engineers, owners, and users offer additional perspectives and insights into the construction and performance of these developments in building design.This will provide architects with a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities in integrating double skin façades into their projects.

This book addresses a topic of great relevance today, considering that in developed countries, most of the time is spent indoors; therefore, indoor residential environments have a direct influence on human health. Furthermore, in developing countries, significant levels of indoor pollution make housing unsafe, which has an impact on the health of its inhabitants; thus, housing is a key factor in the health of people around the world. In this book we look at a range of innovative research and evidence-based policy ideas that demonstrate the importance of housing research and policy for health and well-being.

This book highlights the various aspects of architectural research based on field studies and real-time data including the data collection methods and the methodology and materials required. The output of every study is knowledge based and informed decision that helps architects and designers in decision making process at an early stage. The output of the book bridges the architectural research methods and its application in contemporary world through a thorough understanding of sustainable building materials, construction techniques and its quantified consequences on thermal performance. This book is aimed at researchers and professionals to assist in understanding the strategies, tacts and methods of a scientific approach to assess building performance through real-life case studies from India. The implication of what is being done in the contemporary world is highlighted which will help practicing architects make design decisions. ​

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS AND ENERGY MODELLING IN BUILDINGS A Comprehensive Overview of the Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transport Simulation and Energy Performance in Buildings In the first part of Computational Fluid Dynamics and Energy Modelling in Buildings: Fundamentals and Applications, the author explains the fundamentals of fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and heat transfer, with a specific focus on their application in buildings. This background knowledge sets the scene to further model heat and mass transport in buildings, with explanations of commonly applied simplifications and assumptions. In the second part, the author elaborates how the fundamentals explained in part 1 can be used to model energy flow in buildings, which is the basis of all commercial and educational building energy simulation tools. An innovative illustrative nodal network concept is introduced to help readers comprehend the basics of conservation laws in buildings. The application of numerical techniques to form dynamic simulation tools are then introduced. In general, understanding these techniques will help readers to identify and justify their choices when working with building energy simulation tools, rather than using default settings. Detailed airflow information in buildings cannot be obtained in building energy simulation techniques. Therefore, part three is focused on introducing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a detailed modelling technique for airflow in buildings. This part starts with an introduction to the fundamentals of the finite volume method used to solve the governing fluid equations and the related challenges and considerations are discussed. The last chapter of this part covers the solutions to some practical problems of airflow within and around buildings. The key aspect of Computational Fluid Dynamics and Energy Modelling in Buildings: Fundamentals and Applications is that it is tailored for audiences without extensive past experience of numerical methods. Undergraduate or graduate students in architecture, urban planning, geography, architectural engineering, and other engineering fields, along with building performance and simulation professionals, can use this book to gain additional clarity on the topics of building energy simulation and computational fluid dynamics.

The completely revised basic work presents itself at the state of the art. The numerous explanations on sustainable building systems are brought together in the new chapter'Energy Concepts'. The technical content is condensed according to the facts and contexts relevant to architects and civil engineers. The extensive illustration section with detailed drawings for pictorial commentary on the text has been revised and updated. The'Bean'thus remains an indispensable basic work for keeping pace with the dynamic technological development, the increasing demands for comfort and the requirements for an economical and environmentally friendly use of energy in technical building.

This book brings together some of the finest academics in the field to address important questions around the way in which people experience their physical environments, including temperature, light, air-quality, acoustics and so forth. It is of importance not only to the comfort people feel indoors, but also the success of any building as an environment for its stated purpose. The way in which comfort is produced and perceived has a profound effect on the energy use of a building and its resilience to the increasing dangers posed by extreme weather events, and power outages caused by climate change. Research on thermal comfort is particularly important not only for the health and well-being of occupants but because energy used for temperature control is responsible for a large part of the total energy budget of the built environment. In recent years there has been an increasing focus on the vulnerabilities of the thermal comfort system; how and why are buildings failing to provide safe and agreeable thermal environments at an affordable price? Achieving comfort in buildings is a complex subject that involves physics, behaviour, physiology, energy conservation, climate change, and of course architecture and urban design. Bringing together the related disciplines in one volume lays strong, multi-disciplinary foundations for new research and design directions for resilient 21st century architecture. This book heralds workable solutions and emerging directions for key fields in building the resilience of households, organisations and populations in a heating world.

Tackle the core component of your T Level with this comprehensive resource published in association with City & Guilds.With topic coverage ranging from the principles of construction science and design to workplace relationship management, this book provides complete coverage of the Building Services Engineering for Construction qualification's core units and will equip you with the skills you need to shape your career.- Break down complex topics with summary tables and hundreds of images and artworks- Apply your knowledge in real-world case studies and discover some of the dilemmas you can expect to face in the workplace- Re-cap knowledge and understanding with'Key terms'and'Test yourself'features, as well as a detailed glossary- Prepare for your exams and the employer-set project using practice questions and project practice exercises- Develop the functional skills you need to thrive in the industry with English and maths exercises- Understand how to avoid hazards and minimise risk with regular health and safety reminders- Hone core skills with expert authors Mike Jones, Stephen Jones, Tom Leahy, Peter Tanner and David Warren, who draw on their extensive teaching and industry experience

​Achieving Building Comfort by Natural Means explores examples of green building designs and methods that are currently being used around the world to achieve human comfort in buildings. The operation of buildings accounts for more than 40% of total energy use and is a major source of carbon emissions. It is imperative that this consumption be substantially decreased and that energy needed for building comfort is obtained from renewable and environmentally friendly sources. This book brings together a global group of contributors who look at factors such as location, climate, building materials, energy management, ventilation, thermal environmental conditions, shading, lighting, acoustics, and more that are critical for achieving buildings that are more sustainable.Thermal comfort and climatic potential of ventilative cooling in Italian climates is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Building for Well-Being is the first introduction to health-focused building standards for design and construction professionals. More than a summary of the state of the field, this practical resource guides designers, builders, developers, and owners through considerations for incorporating WELL®, Fitwel®, and other systems from the planning phase to ground-breaking and beyond. Side-by-side comparisons of established and emerging health-focused standards empower building professionals to select the most appropriate certifications for their projects. Drawing on the authors'backgrounds in sustainable design and public health, chapters on the evolution of the green building movement and the relationship between health and the built environment provide vital context for understanding health-focused standards and certifications. The final chapter looks toward the future of health and the built environment.

Das Wohlbefinden in einem Gebäude ist von einer Reihe von Faktoren abhängig. Visuelles, Belüftung, Wärme, Kühlung und Akustik sind dafür maßgeblich. Ihre Effizienz steht nicht nur im direkten Zusammenhang mit der Baukonstruktion, sie lässt sich dank neuester Technologien und innovativer umweltfreundlicher Lowtech-Lösungen auch optimieren und automatisieren. Als Vertiefung und Ergänzung zum erfolgreichen Modern Construction Handbook　bietet Andrew Watts in Modern Environmental Design für den Innenausbau vielfältige Details von innovativen und erprobten Beispielen aus der Praxis. Sie werden dargestellt anhand von Texten, Zeichnungen und 3-D-Darstellungen.

The book presents the theoretical background of building physics, dealing with the evaluation of physical phenomena related to heat transfer and energy use in buildings, water and water vapour transfer in building structures, daylighting and electric lighting of buildings, sound transmission in building structures and protection against noise, the occurrence and spread of fires in buildings and the thermal response of cities. It contains numerical and computational evaluation methods, numerous computational case studies and examples of experimental analyses. The book demonstrates that the considered physical processes affect the quality of living and working comfort in indoor and outdoor environment.

This book is structured in four parts: First, it analyzes the sustainability objectives established for the building stock and the importance of thermal comfort in this aspect. Second, the existing adaptive thermal comfort models and the main energy-saving measures associated with these models are analyzed. Third, the energy savings obtained with these measures are analyzed in several case studies, comparing the results obtained with other energy conservation measures, such as the improvement of the façade. The analysis is carried out from an energy and economic perspective. Finally, a decision‐making process based on fuzzy logic is established. As an expected result, the content of the book contributes to assist architects in designing more efficient buildings from the perspective of user behavior.

Ice-Houses: Energy, Architecture and Sustainability presents new and novel technologies and approaches surrounding daily and seasonal ice storage, along with discussions on passive cooling and natural technologies using different methods, including heat pumps. The book covers different aspects of ice-houses and cold energy production, storage and utilization. By addressing various issues connected to the technology and structure of traditional ice-houses and natural and artificial ice making, this refences looks at new technological approaches for the reduction of electrical energy consumption in buildings. Users will find this to be a comprehensive overview of ice house storage that includes worked examples and global case studies. It is an essential resource for researchers and engineers looking to advance their understanding of this method of thermal storage. - Includes worked examples which calculate and determine the amounts of different parameters to help better understand the problem-solving process - Provides a comprehensive literature review on the history and architecture of ice-houses, along with different ice production and storage methods - Contains recent developments related to cold energy production and storage through ice making to reduce electricity demand

This book focuses on using plants in spatial design to reduce the infectiousness of viruses in different working and living spaces. It presents strategies for interior and exterior green designs with plants that are likely effective for flu virus tolerance and reduction of infectiousness. The designs are appealing for interaction and healing, as well as focusing on the reduction and removal of virus infectiousness.The Famulari Theory requires examining plants that are likely effective for virus accumulation based on their leaves with stomata, trichomes, and dense leaf growth, and transpiration rate accumulation of airborne viruses. In addition, this research requires reviewing the quantity and specific types of plants (as well as electronic sources, such as humidifiers and water features) needed to produce effective humidity for plants to decrease the infectiousness or transmission of viruses; the effective distance of people to plants; and light, water, soil, and temperature needs.The book addresses the various greening practices that can be applied to sites to reduce the infectiousness of the airborne flu virus – especially in areas such as train stations, restaurants, rooftops, courtyards, office buildings and work spaces/conference rooms, and the home office – and the ways that businesses owners and residents can integrate these practices to reduce the air contaminants with a green solution. Designing green spaces that accumulate, reduce, and remove the infectiousness of viruses involves exploring multiple approaches from different directions to achieve the most effective and ideal design. The six basic approaches include 1. Temperature minimum of 70° Fahrenheit 2. Plants with multiple stomata on the leaf surfaces 3. Plants with multiple clumps of dense leaves with a high transpiration rate 4. Plants with rough leaf surfaces or with trichomes (plant hairs) on the leaf 5. Relative humidity (RH) minimum of 43% or higher 6. Air circulation to direct air with the airborne flu virus to the planted areasStevie Famulari brings unique insights and inspires the development of green understanding and design solution plans with both short-term and long-term approaches. Illustrations of greening applied to locations help you understand your own design solutions to create them in your site. This book breaks down the misconceptions of the complexity of sustainability and green practices and provides illustrations and site-appropriate green solutions that you can incorporate into your lifestyle for a healthier site. Greening is a lifestyle change, and this guide lets you know how easy it is to transition to the green side to improve your health.

This book provides a comprehensive, systematic overview of original theoretical, experimental, and numerical studies in the building services engineering domain. It brings together different strands of the topic, guided by the two key features of energy savings and reduction of the pollutant emissions. Technical, economic, and energy efficiency aspects related to the design, modelling, optimisation, and operation of diverse building services systems are explored. This book includes various theoretical studies, numerical and optimisation models, experiments, and applications in this field, giving an emphasis to: indoor environment quality assurance; energy analysis, modelling, and optimisation of heating systems; improving the energy performance of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems; valorising the solar and geothermal energies; analysis of thermal energy storage technologies; hydraulic simulation and optimisation of water distribution systems; and improving the energy efficiency of water pumping. With 11 pedagogically structured chapters, containing numerous illustrations, tables, and examples, this book provides researchers, lecturers, engineers, and graduate students with a thorough guide to building service engineering.

BIM ist die Methode der Zukunft, so viel ist unstrittig. Doch BIM ist durchaus schon in der Gegenwart angekommen. Das gilt auch für den Einsatz von BIM in der TGA. Nirgends sonst lassen sich Prozesse so ganzheitlich und gezielt ansteuern und ist übergreifende Kommunikation möglich. Der Sprung zur Anwendung von BIM ist nicht nur einer von 2D zu 3D, sondern in eine ganze neue Welt der Vernetzung. BIM bietet in der TGA erhebliche Potenziale, die den Umstieg auf die Methode rechtfertigen. Das vorliegende Buch enthält grundlegende Informationen zu Themen wie Referenzkennzeichnung und den Systemen der Technischen Gebäudeausrüstung, sowie deren Dokumentation in Planung, Ausführung und Betrieb aus informationstechnischer Sicht. Der Referenzkennzeichnung kommt dabei eine besondere Rolle zu: Sie bildet die methodische Grundlage für das Engineering mittels BIM. Sie ermöglicht die Verwaltung und Dokumentation von technischen Objekten und gibt Informationen zu den Objekten und ihren Relationen. In der hier vorliegenden 3. Auflage von „BIM und TGA“ wurden die Inhalte überarbeitet und an den aktuellen Stand der Technik angepasst. Einige Punkte wurden vertieft, und neue Praxisbeispiele hinzugefügt. „BIM und TGA“ ist ein handlicher Ratgeber, der keine Fragen zum Thema Building Information Modeling in der Technischen Gebäudeausrüstung offen lässt, und der das spezifische Know-how in leicht verständlicher und praxisnaher Form vermittelt.

Building Services Engineering: Smart and Sustainable Design for Health and Wellbeing covers the design practices of existing engineering building services and how these traditional methods integrate with newer, smarter developments. These new developments include areas such as smart ventilation, smart glazing systems, smart batteries, smart lighting, smart soundproofing, smart sensors and meters. Combined, these all amount to a healthier lifestyle for the people living within these indoor climates. With over one hundred fully worked examples and tutorial questions, Building Services Engineering: Smart and Sustainable Design for Health and Wellbeing encourages the reader to consider sustainable alternatives within their buildings in order to create a healthier environment for users.

Obwohl in diesem essential akustische Messmethoden in Räumen und Gebäuden behandelt werden, ist hier Akustik nicht als Bauakustik zu verstehen. Zusätzlich zu herkömmlichen Methoden zur Bewertung des Innenraumklimas und für eine energieeffiziente Klimatisierung lassen sich mit akustischen Methoden Informationen gewinnen, die bei der Raumklimagestaltung von Nutzen sein können:- zur Analyse von Schallgeschwindigkeitsverteilungen als Informationsquelle über Temperatur- und Strömungsfelder in Räumen,- zur akustischen Detektion von Undichten zum Nachweis unerwünschter Be- bzw. Entlüftung und damit von Energieverlusten.Die Verfahren stammen zum Teil aus anderen Wissensgebieten, u.a. der Meteorologie, Tomografie oder der bildlichen Darstellung von Schallquellen. Damit können sie als Alternativen und Ergänzungen zu den herkömmlichen Methoden einer energieeffizienten Raumklimagestaltung verstanden werden.

Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments provides groundbreaking, vendor-neutral information that empowers data center designers, operators, and managers to better determine the impacts of varying design and operation parameters on information technology equipment (ITE). This book covers six primary areas: • Environmental guidelines for air-cooled equipment • New environmental class for high-density air-cooled equipment • Environmental guidelines for liquid-cooled equipment • Facility temperature and humidity measurement • Equipment placement and airflow patterns • Equipment manufacturers'heat load and airflow requirement reporting Since its first publication in 2004, Thermal Guidelines has enabled HVAC equipment manufacturers and installers, data center designers, and facility operators to find common solutions and standard practices that facilitate ITE interchangeability while preserving industry innovation. This fifth edition features clarified wording throughout, changes due to research on the effects of high relative humidity and gaseous pollutants on the corrosion of ITE, and a new environmental class for high-density server equipment. The book also includes a removable reference card with helpful information for facility managers and others. The reference card may also be accessed online.

When it comes to architecture, there has been a focus on sustainable buildings and human well-being in the built environment. Buildings should not only be environmentally friendly and sustainable, but dually focused on human health, wellness, and experience. This includes considerations into the quality of buildings, ranging from ventilation to thermal comfort, along with environment considerations such as energy usage and material selection. Specific architectural choices and design for buildings can either contribute to or negatively impact both society and the environment, leading research in the field of architecture to be focused on environmental and societal well-being in accordance with the built environment. The Research Anthology on Environmental and Societal Well-Being Considerations in Buildings and Architecture focuses on how the built environment is being constructed to purposefully enhance societal well-being while also maintaining green standards for environmental sustainability. On one side, this book focuses on the specific building choices that can be made for the purpose of human well-being and the occupants who will utilize the building. On the other side, this book also focuses on environmental sustainability from the standpoint of green buildings and environmental concerns. Together, these topics allow this book to have a holistic view of modern architectural choices and design. This book is essential for architects, IT professionals, engineers, contractors, environmentalists, interior designers, civil planners, regional government officials, construction companies, policymakers, practitioners, researchers, academicians, and students interested in architecture and how it can promote environmental and societal well-being.

Indoor residential environments have a direct influence on human health, both in developed and developing countries. Significant levels of indoor pollution can make housing unsafe and can negatively impact on human health. Housing, therefore, is a key health factor for people all over the world, and various parameters such as air quality, ventilation, hygrothermal comfort, lighting, physical environment, building efficiency, and others can contribute to healthy architecture and the conditions that can result from the poor application of these parameters. Health and Well-Being Considerations in the Design of Indoor Environments addresses issues concerning indoor environmental quality (IEQ), including air quality and ventilation, access to daylight and views, acoustic conditions, and control over lighting and thermal comfort, as well as the impact that this environment can have on human health and mental well-being. The book also investigates the functional aspects of interior design such as whether the layout provides easy access to tools and sufficient space for occupants. It also considers energy demand and building energy losses due to such issues as air renovations and enclosure infiltrations. Covering topics such as sustainable design, pollution, building materials, and lighting, this book is an effective resource for students, professors, academicians, researchers, architects, designers, planners, engineers, interior designers, building managers, construction companies, and other industry professionals looking to increase building occupant satisfaction by considering all aspects of IEQ.

This book covers theoretical foundations of the Natural Gas (NG) installations and networks as a part of building logistic system, illustrated with digital examples. It describes the NG oxidation phenomena and appropriate energy converting devices used in the building's energy centres and basic sizing principals of the related pipe networks. Further, it covers usage of NG devices including system for thermal comfort control, building ventilation, indoor air quality, visual comfort, food preparation and conservation, and hygiene maintenance system. A special attention is given to applications of the NG technological equipment, using gas-driven heat pumps, micro heat and power systems. Aimed at professionals and graduate students in the areas of HVAC, Plumbing, Architecture, Electricians, this book: Presents complex, innovative and systematical approach to NG installations in buildings. Reviews efficient and environmentally sustainable dementalization approach to building energy supply, using NGmHps v/s central energy supply systems. Explains pre-designating calculations of the gas piping networks. Illustrates structures, principals of operation and building project implementations of the modern GN energy converters and transformers as fuel cells (SOFC, MOFC, PEFC) and NG driven heat pumps. Discusses calculation methods derived from professional case studies.

This book is the result of recent research that deals with the built environment and innovative materials, carried out by specialists working in universities and centers of research in different professional fields ─ architecture, engineering, physics ─ and in an area that that spans from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf, and from South Eastern Europe to the Middle East. This book takes the necessity of re-shaping the concept of building design in order to transform buildings from large scale energy consumers to energy savers and producers into consideration. The book is organized in two parts: theory and case studies. For the theoretical part, we chose from the wide range of sources that provide energy efficient materials and systems the two that seem to be endless: the sun and vegetation. Their use in building products represents a tool for specialists in the architectural design concept. The case-studies presented analyze different architectural programs, in different climates, from new buildings to rehabilitation approaches and from residential architecture to hospitals and sports arenas; each case emphasizes the interdisciplinarity of the building design activity in order to help readers gain a better understanding of the complex approach needed for energy efficient building design

Die Ansprüche an Gebäude werden immer höher: Aspekte wie Wohnkomfort und Energieeffizienz rücken in den Vordergrund, Planung und Entwurf von Bauwerken werden zunehmend komplexer und kleinteiliger. Als Antwort auf die steigenden Herausforderungen der Branche gibt die DIN Media mit „Bauphysik kompakt“ ein nützliches Handbuch heraus, in dem die wichtigsten Grundlagen des Themas griffig zusammengefasst sind. Das Buch eignet sich als Nachschlagewerk ebenso wie als Lehrbuch, versammelt es doch in übersichtlicher Weise die bauphysikalischen Zusammenhänge, die für Planung, Ausführung und Instandsetzung von Gebäuden relevant sind. „Bauphysik kompakt“ ist auch ideal, um vorhandenes Wissen aufzufrischen. Folgende Themen werden in „Bauphysik kompakt“ behandelt:• Wärmeübertragungsvorgänge• Wärmeübergang• Wärmedurchgang• Mindestwärmeschutz• Wärmebrücken• Wärmeübertragung• Luftdichtheit• Lüftung von GebäudenDie vorliegende sechste Auflage enthält eine Reihe von bedeutenden Änderungen, darunter die Neuausgaben von DIN 4109 zum Schallschutz und von DIN 4108 bzw. DIN V 18599 zum Wärmeschutz. Auch das neue Gebäudeenergiegesetz ist in die Neuauflage eingeflossen.

This book brings together stories of the green schools movement ((Eco Schools, Enviroschools, Green Schools, Sustainable Schools, ResourceSmart Schools etc) in several countries around the world, with a focus on the impact of the movement on the development and implementation of education for sustainable development in each of the countries. In particular, each story will explain the history of the movement per country, its current status, achievements, obstacles and broader impact.There have been a number of evaluations of these school movements at a national or more local level, and numerous articles and chapters have been published on aspects of these schools'activities, but to date these have not been brought together in a single volume that focuses attention on the impact of the movement on education for sustainable development in each country. This is the purpose of this volume.The green schools movement focuses on a whole school approach which aims to include everyone (students, teachers and the local community), to improve school environments, including resource usage and the environmental footprint of the school, to motivate students to take on environmental problems and seek resolutions particularly at a local level but also thinking globally, and to improve students'attitudes and behaviours as part of developing a sustainable mind set.

Synergistic Design of Sustainable Built Environments introduces and illustrates a novel systems approach that fosters both design excellence and a leap toward a more biocentric (ecologically sustainable) design paradigm. The book provides a deeper understanding of the theories and principles of biocentric design and offers detailed descriptions of the synergistic design process of integrating theories and principles into practice. It also presents extensive thermal and visual built environment design strategies, along with qualitative and quantitative information that designers can use to generate feasible solutions in response to varying climate and occupant comfort.Features: Examines the principles and practices of the synergistic design (a fusion of anthropocentric and biocentric) of sustainable built environments and how they relate to practical applications. Presents climatic data and its analysis along with sun-path diagrams for numerous cities to aid in the design of sustainable built environments in multiple regional contexts. Includes numerous case studies of sustainable built environments in varying climatic zones. Explains how renewable energy (solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, hydro, fuel cells) can be successfully integrated in the built environment. This forward-thinking and highly illustrated book will be an invaluable reference to all those concerned with sustainable built environments and related architectural issues.

建築環境工学の基礎知識が、図解でわかりやすく学べる！ 専門学校、職業訓練校、大学などで建築士を目指す学生の方々を主な読者とした教科書シリーズ「図解建築シリーズ」の1冊です。 「建築における環境」をテーマに、初学者にもわかりやすい図やイラストを多用して解説しています。また、各章末には建築士試験で出題された問題を中心にした演習問題を設けていますので、知識の定着を図ることができます。 初めて建築環境工学について学ぶ方から、実務者の方まで、おすすめの1冊です。

Overheating in buildings is commonplace. This book describes how we can keep cool without conventional air-conditioning: improving comfort and productivity while reducing energy costs and carbon emissions. It provides architects, engineers and policy makers with a ‘how-to'guide to the application of natural cooling in new and existing buildings. It demonstrates, through reference to numerous examples, that natural cooling is viable in most climates around the world.This completely revised and expanded second edition includes: An overview of natural cooling past and present. Guidance on the principles and strategies that can be adopted. A review of the applicability of different strategies. Explanation of simplified tools for performance assessment. A review of components and controls. A detailed evaluation of case studies from the USA, Europe, India and China. This book is not just for the technical specialist, as it also provides a general grounding in how to avoid or minimise air-conditioning. Importantly, it demonstrates that understanding our environment, rather than fighting it, will help us to live sustainably in our rapidly warming world.

Originally published in 1971 The Geometry of Environment is a fusion of art and mathematics introducing stimulating ideas from modern geometry, using illustrations from architecture and design. The revolution in the teaching of mathematics and the advent of the computer in design challenge traditional ways of appreciating the space about us, and expand the ‘structural'understanding of our surroundings through such concepts as transformations, symmetry groups, sets and graphs. This book aims to show the relevance of ‘new maths'and encourages exploration of the widening intellectual horizons of environmental design and architecture.

PCM Enhanced Building Envelopes presents the latest research in the field of thermal energy storage technologies that can be applied to solar heating and cooling with the aim of shifting and reducing building energy demand. It discusses both practical and technical issues, as well as the advantages of using common phase change materials (PCMs) in buildings as a more efficient, novel solution for passive solar heating/cooling strategies. The book includes qualitative and quantitative descriptions of the science, technology and practices of PCM-based building envelopes, and reflects recent trends by placing emphasis on energy storage solutions within building walls, floors, ceilings, façades, windows, and shading devices. With the aim of assessing buildings'energy performance, the book provides advanced modeling and simulation tools as a theoretical basis for the analysis of PCM-based building envelopes in terms of heat storage and transfer. This book will be of interest to all those dealing with building energy analysis such as researchers, academics, students and professionals in the fields of mechanical and civil engineering and architectural design

Advances in Thermal Energy Storage Systems, 2nd edition, presents a fully updated comprehensive analysis of thermal energy storage systems (TES) including all major advances and developments since the first edition published. This very successful publication provides readers with all the information related to TES in one resource, along with a variety of applications across the energy/power and construction sectors, as well as, new to this edition, the transport industry. After an introduction to TES systems, editor Dr. Prof. Luisa Cabeza and her team of expert authors consider the source, design and operation of the use of water, molten salts, concrete, aquifers, boreholes and a variety of phase-change materials for TES systems, before analyzing and simulating underground TES systems. This edition benefits from 5 new chapters covering the most advanced technologies including sorption systems, thermodynamic and dynamic modelling as well as applications to the transport industry and the environmental and economic aspects of TES. It will benefit researchers and academics of energy systems and thermal energy storage, construction engineering academics, engineers and practitioners in the energy and power industry, as well as architects of plants and storage systems and R&D managers. - Includes 5 brand new chapters covering Sorption systems, Thermodynamic and dynamic models, applications to the transport sector, environmental aspects of TES and economic aspects of TES - All existing chapters are updated and revised to reflect the most recent advances in the research and technologies of the field - Reviews heat storage technologies, including the use of water, molten salts, concrete and boreholes in one comprehensive resource - Describes latent heat storage systems and thermochemical heat storage - Includes information on the monitoring and control of thermal energy storage systems, and considers their applications in residential buildings, power plants and industry

Como professor de disciplinas de instalações prediais em faculdades de Engenharia Civil e Arquitetura e Urbanismo, o autor observou a carência e a importância de uma bibliografia que atendesse às necessidades de aprendizado e consulta sobre as interfaces físicas e funcionais do projeto arquitetônico com as instalações prediais hidráulicas e sanitárias. Na parte 1 deste livro, são apresentados os principais conceitos de instalações prediais de água fria e água quente, segurança contra incêndios, esgoto e águas pluviais com enfoque no projeto arquitetônico. Na parte 2, são abordados as principais interfaces com a arquitetura e os novos conceitos e tecnologias das instalações prediais hidrossanitárias. O livro foi desenvolvido com a finalidade de apresentar a arquitetos, engenheiros civis, projetistas e alunos dos cursos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo e Engenharia Civil uma visão conceitual mais didática, prática e simplificada dos vários subsistemas das instalações hidráulicas prediais, bem como mostrar a necessidade de integração dessas instalações com os demais subsistemas construtivos envolvidos na construção de um edifício.

This book brings together concepts from the building, environmental, behavioural and health sciences to provide an interdisciplinary understanding of office and workplace design. Today, with changes in the world of work and the relentless surge in technology, offices have emerged as the repositories of organizational symbolism, denoted by the spatial design of offices, physical settings and the built environment (architecture, urban locale). Drawing on Euclidian geometry that quantifies space as the distance between two or more points, a body of knowledge on office buildings, the concept of office and office space, and the interrelationships of spatial and behavioural attributes in office design are elucidated. Building and office work-related illnesses, namely sick building syndrome and ailments arising from the indoor environment, and the menace of musculoskeletal disorders are the alarming manifestations that critically affect employee satisfaction, morale and work outcomes. With afocus on office ergonomics, the book brings the discussion on the fundamentals of work design, with emphasis on computer workstation users. Strategic guidance of lighting systems and visual performance in workplaces are directed for better application of ergonomics and improvement in office indoor environment. It discusses the profiles of bioclimatic, indoor air quality, ventilation intervention, lighting and acoustic characteristics in office buildings. Emphasis has been given to the energy performance of buildings, and contemporary perspectives of building sustainability, such as green office building assessment schemes, and national and international building-related standards and codes. Intended for students and professionals from ergonomics, architecture, interior design, as well as construction engineers, health care professionals, and office planners, the book brings a unified overview of the health, safety and environment issues associated with the design of office buildings.

Bauen mit Lehm ist wieder „alltäglich“ geworden. Verbunden mit dieser Entwicklung entstand in den letzten Jahren ein enormer Zuwachs an Informationen auf diesem Fachgebiet. Das Buch schafft Transparenz mit einem aktuellen Überblick zur gesamten Thematik. Der Autor berücksichtigt dabei die bauökologischen Aspekte und erläutert detailliert die Zyklusstufen Gewinnung und Klassifizierung von Baulehm, die Herstellung von Lehmbaustoffen und deren Konstruktionen, Planung und Bauausführung bis hin zum Gebäudeabbruch und -recycling von Lehmbauten. Jeder Abschnitt enthält die jeweiligen relevanten Prüfverfahren.