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Intravenous misplacement of the nephrostomy catheter following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is severe and extremely rare, and little information is available about this complication. Because the patient's prognosis may be poor, sufficient attention should be paid to early identification and treatment of this complication. We report a case with intravenous misplacement of nephrostomy catheter and severe bleeding from the catheter after PCNL was transferred to our hospital. The patient was successfully managed using a two-step intervention. First, the patient underwent embolization of the pseudoaneurysms in renal parenchyma, then underwent catheter withdrawal under digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and control bleeding by pushing the absorbable hemostatic material (Surgicel) into the tunneled renal drainage. There were no severe complications. Withdrawal could be performed by open surgery or under the supervision of imaging modalities. Some reports showed that minimally invasive management was safer and less invasive than open surgery.

We report a case of small bowel obstruction (SBO) caused by internal hernia from Meckel's diverticulum (MD). Abdominal CT scan showed an abnormal dilated blind-ending structure in continuity with the distal ileum in the right lower quadrant, suggesting Meckel's diverticulum. MPR images revealed a “double beak-sign” at the point of MD and a collapsed closed loop with mesenteric vessels converging to the diverticulum. Since the patient has no prior history of abdominal surgery, the diagnosis of internal hernia caused by Meckel's diverticulum was considered. On laparoscopic exploration, an abnormal orifice for internal hernia created by adhesion from the tip of Meckel's diverticulum to the adjacent mesentery was revealed, confirming the diagnosis. The patient was discharged after 7 days without postoperative complications. MD-associated internal hernia is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction and should be considered to avoid delay in treatment. Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) is the first-line imaging modality of choice and may offer some suggestive imaging features to make an accurate preoperative diagnosis.

Background and Aim: Rabies is a zoonotic disease that persists endemic in numerous countries worldwide. In Vietnam, the main sources of rabies are dogs and cats, and they caused 76 human deaths annually by 2017–2021. Long An province has recently experienced an increasing burden of rabies, with seven fatal cases reported in the past 5 years. Various rabies control measures have been implemented in this province, including mass vaccination of the animal population, post-vaccination monitoring, diagnostic testing of suspected rabid dogs, dog bite investigation, animal management, pre-exposure treatment, post-exposure treatment (PET), and awareness programs. This study aimed to estimate the cost of rabies control measures for animals and humans in Long An province in 2022. Materials and Methods: An economic model was developed to estimate the costs of rabies control under two scenarios, with and without external financial support from the private sector. Inputs for the model included data from published literature, publicly available reports on rabies, government data, expert opinions, and a pilot study conducted in Vietnam. Results: The total annual costs of rabies control, with or without external support, were estimated to be VND 62.62 and 62.77 billion (equivalent to USD 2.67 and 2.68 million), respectively. The highest proportion of costs was related to PET in humans (84.50% and 84.30%), followed by the cost of mass vaccination paid by animal owners (14.28% and 13.90%). Most of the expenses were paid by the private sector (98.87% and 98.98%) rather than the public sector (1.14% and 1.20%). Conclusion: This study described a transparent and reproducible method for estimating the economic costs of rabies control at the provincial level. The economic model developed showed that control of rabies by mass vaccination is more cost-effective than using PET to prevent human death. The model can be applied to future economic analyses of rabies control in other provinces of Vietnam and other rabies-endemic countries.

Background and objectives: The demand for skin care is a major concern, not only for women but also for men. Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine, as well as for beauty and skin whitening.In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Morus alba L. root bark extract on the enzyme tyrosinase. Methods: Mulberry root bark was extracted with ethanol (70%) at room temperature for 24 hours (repeated three times). The total ethanol extract was then suspended in water and successively partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity was determined spectrophotometrically at 475 nm. Additionally, we conducted virtual screening of 60 compounds from mulberry roots to evaluate their inhibitory effects on tyrosinase enzyme. Results: Our results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory effect, with an IC50 value of 12.68 ± 1.64 µg/mL, compared to kojic acid, the positive control (IC50 13.94 ± 0.30 µg/mL). Virtual screening identified 11 compounds with lower binding energies than twopositive control compounds (kojic acid and arbutin). These compounds were evaluated for drug-like properties and predicted pharmacokinetic-toxicological properties. Finally, two compounds, alfafuran and mulberroside C, which demonstrated the ability to inhibit the tyrosinase enzyme, were introduced. Conclusion:Our results indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction of Morus alba root bark extract has strong inhibitory effects on the tyrosinase enzyme.

ABSTRACTThe current letter to the editor describes the presence of RNA byproducts in small-scale in vitro transcription (IVT) reactions as evaluated by capillary gel electrophoresis, asymmetric flow field flow fractionation, immunoblotting, cell-free translation assays, and in IFN reporter cells. We compare standard T7 RNA polymerase (RNAP) based IVT reactions to two recently described protocols employing either urea supplementation or using the VSW3 RNAP. Our results indicate that urea supplementation yields considerably less RNA byproducts and positively affects the overall number of full-length transcripts. In contrast, VSW3 IVT reactions demonstrated a low yield and generated a higher fraction of truncated transcripts. Lastly, both urea mRNA and VSW3 mRNA elicited considerably less IFN responses after transfection in mouse macrophages.

Abstract Background Approximately 15% of women in low-and middle-income countries experience common perinatal mental disorders. Yet, many women, even if diagnosed with mental health conditions, are untreated due to poor quality care, limited accessibility, limited knowledge, and stigma. This paper describes how mental health-related stigma influences pregnant women’s decisions not to disclose their conditions and to seek treatment in Vietnam, all of which exacerbate inequitable access to maternal mental healthcare. Methods A mixed-method realist study was conducted, comprising 22 in-depth interviews, four focus group discussions (total participants n = 44), and a self-administered questionnaire completed by 639 pregnant women. A parallel convergent model for mixed methods analysis was employed. Data were analyzed using the realist logic of analysis, an iterative process aimed at refining identified theories. Survey data underwent analysis using SPSS 22 and descriptive analysis. Qualitative data were analyzed using configurations of context, mechanisms, and outcomes to elucidate causal links and provide explanations for complexity. Results Nearly half of pregnant women (43.5%) would try to hide their mental health issues and 38.3% avoid having help from a mental health professional, highlighting the substantial extent of stigma affecting health-seeking and accessing care. Four key areas highlight the role of stigma in maternal mental health: fear and stigmatizing language contribute to the concealment of mental illness, rendering it unnoticed; unconsciousness, normalization, and low literacy of maternal mental health; shame, household structure and gender roles during pregnancy; and the interplay of regulations, referral pathways, and access to mental health support services further compounds the challenges. Conclusion Addressing mental health-related stigma could influence the decision of disclosure and health-seeking behaviors, which could in turn improve responsiveness of the local health system to the needs of pregnant women with mental health needs, by offering prompt attention, a wide range of choices, and improved communication. Potential interventions to decrease stigma and improve access to mental healthcare for pregnant women in Vietnam should target structural and organizational levels and may include improvements in screening and referrals for perinatal mental care screening, thus preventing complications.

Background: Infectious keratitis can be caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Fungi are a common pathogen, especially in developing countries like India, Nepal, and Bangladesh where the prevalence ranges from 20% to 60%. In Vietnam, fungal keratitis accounted for the highest number of keratitis cases in a study conducted at the central eye hospital over a 5-year period (57%). Therefore, it is necessary to collect specific background information connected to the types of fungal keratitis in corneal ulcer cases in this region. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of fungal keratitis and the epidemiological features in 216 cases of fungal keratitis out of a total of 240 cases of infectious keratitis. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study collected secondary data from medical records of 240 inpatients with infectious keratitis who were treated at the ophthalmology hospital in Thai Binh, Vietnam, from January 01st, 2021 to June 30th, 2022. Patients with a positive fungal-directed smear were analyzed in detail for the type of fungus isolated, sociodemographic data, predisposing risk factors, prior treatment modalities, and laboratory results for the distribution pattern of fungus species. Results: Among the 240 cases, 126 (52.5%) were diagnosed with fungal keratitis by direct microscopic examination. Culture results showed the highest rate of Fusarium spp. (43.3%). The age group of 41–60 years was most commonly involved (40.5%). Males were more affected by fungal keratitis than females, (53.2% compared to 46.8%), with farmers being the most common occupation correlated with fungal keratitis (55.6%). The rate of fungal keratitis patients due to agricultural injuries was the highest compared to other risks (47.6%) and most patients self-medicated before going to the hospital, with many not knowing or remembering what medications they had taken (52.4%). Conclusion: The study revealed a high rate of fungal keratitis among the total of infectious keratitis cases in Thai Binh, Vietnam. Fusarium spp. was the most commonly isolated fungi. The study also highlighted the impact of agricultural injuries on fungal keratitis, especially in regions like Thai Binh.

Hydrogen peroxidase-inactivated vaccines have recently developed in controlling infectious diseases in aquaculture. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of the hydrogen peroxidase-inactivated Streptococcus agalactiae vaccine via different delivery routes (injection, immersion, and oral administration) in red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) without using adjuvant. Fish were randomly divided into 4 groups including G1: Control treatment (without vaccine), G2: vaccine-based diet (oral administration), G3: vaccinated by immersion and G4: vaccinated by injection. After 6 weeks of the experiment, fish were intraperitoneally injected with S. agalactiae and the mortality was recorded in 14 days. The results showed that lysozyme activity was differentially increased according to the delivery routes of vaccine, organs and time of sampling. However, the specific antibody levels in all vaccinated groups were only increased in week 6 post-vaccination. After the challenge test with S. agalactiae, the serum lysozyme levels in G3 and G4 were significantly higher than the control group (G1), while the total white blood cells and specific antibody levels were significantly increased in G2 and G4 compared to the control (G1). Similarly, the hydrogen peroxidase-inactivated vaccine statistically reduced the cumulative mortality in G2 (35.29%) and G4 (28.95%) compared to G1 (44.12%) after injected with the S. agalactiae. These results showed that the vaccine delivery routes by oral administration or injection may decrease the pathogen and show better protection for red tilapia than the immersion method. Further studies will be investigated to improve the efficacy of hydrogen peroxidaseinactivated vaccine via using different adjuvants.

Máy CNC router là máy được thiết kế sử dụng cho gia công tốc độ cao tạo hình các sản phẩm trên vật liệu như thép, kim loại màu, gỗ, mica, nhựa, da… các bộ phận trong đó hoạt động theo chuỗi sự kiện để tạo ra các sản phẩm có hình dạng và kích thước theo yêu cầu dưới sự trợ giúp của máy tính. Sản phẩm mang tính ứng dụng cao trong công nghiệp sản xuất, đặc biệt là mỹ nghệ… nhằm giảm lao động thủ công và tăng năng suất lao động. Bài báo trình bày việc nghiên cứu, chế tạo máy router CNC 3 trục dạng nhỏ ứng dụng bộ điều khiển đa nhiệm H7K-A. Máy router CNC 3 trục được nghiên cứu có thể thực hiện được đa dạng các loại sản phẩm, kết hợp các công đoạn khác để tạo nên một dây chuyền sản xuất khép kín và tự động. Kết quả của nghiên cứu này có ý nghĩa thiết thực trong đào tạo, nghiên cứu khoa học làm chủ công nghệ chế tạo, số hóa quá trình sản xuất trong thời kì của cuộc cách mạng công nghiệp 4.0.

This article presents the STEMsmart early childhood teacher professional development model. The model is developed based on Clarke and Hollingsworth’s Interconnected Model and focuses on early childhood STEM education. The model includes components contributing to teachers’ change in four main domains: (1) Personal domain, (2) External domain, (3) Domain of practice, and (4) Domain of consequence. Initial trials of the model have significantly improved teachers’ knowledge and pedagogical practices related to STEM education. This model needs further research to gather convincing evidence confirming its suitability and effectiveness, providing a basis for scaling up and applying it to develop other professional competencies of early childhood teachers.

This paper compares and contrasts five colours in both Vietnamese and English idioms to identify similarities and differences in the connotational meaning caused by cultural effects on their own languages. The meanings of idioms are not definitely related to grammatical rules or the lexical meaning of each word but are based on cultural features. In each culture, the meanings of colours have not only similarities but also differences. This paper clarifies the importance of culture in the language in terms of colours. That is, if one is unaware of the culture behind a language, language learners can misunderstand or distort target language meanings as evidenced by well-presented examples. Accordingly, the implication drawn is that learning any language means learning not only the grammar and the vocabulary of this language but also its own cultural elements.

The study focuses on analyzing factors that influence the Millennial generation's intention to choose spiritual tourism and determining the mediating role of attitude and motivation in this relationship. Based on the theory of planned behavior, theories of motivation and basic human value theory, the study has identified 3 factors: Tourism destination image, spiritual belief and reference groups influence the Millennial generation's intention to choose spiritual tourism. A survey based on a sample of 287 domestic and international tourists of the Millennial generation participating in travel experiences at spiritual tourist destinations in Vietnam. After collecting data, SmartPLS software is used to test the relationships of the research model. Research results show that all three factors influence the Millennial generation's intention to travel spiritually and confirm the mediating role of attitude and motivation in this relationship.

Together with the whole country to promote studying and following Ho Chi Minh's ideology, ethics, and style, in recent times, Cantho City Party Committee has attached importance to education and moral training for the party members of Ho Chi Minh's ideology. This work has contributed to building a clean and strong Party Committee, meeting the current requirements of promoting industrialization, modernization and international integration. However, the education and training of revolutionary ethics for party members at the Cantho City Party Committee still have certain shortcomings. The article focuses on studying the application of Ho Chi Minh's moral ideology in education and moral training for party members at Cantho City Party Committee, thereby proposing solutions that contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of this work in the current period.

RESRAD-ONSITE v7.2 code is used to assess the radiation effects on a farmer resident located in a hypothetical contaminated site planned for the first nuclear power plant project in Vietnam, namely Ninh Thuan 1, after decommissioning. Derived concentration guideline levels are preliminarily calculated for 17 radionuclides that are assumed to remain on a contaminated surface soil with an initial concentration of 1 pCi/g in the protected area of NPP site. For a reliable estimation, the site-specific conditions regarding the geological, hydrological, climate, and occupancy data gathered from the Feasibility Study Report (FSR) and relevant literatures for the Ninh Thuan 1 NPP site is employed as input parameters. The calculation results indicate that the peak of total exposure dose is estimated to be ca. 0.191 mSv/yr at the time of decommissioning, and then decrease over time. Furthermore, the protected site is assessed to be released at ca. 6.71 years after decommissioning under the regulation on radiation protection in Vietnam. Through this study, a radiation exposure model for residents living near the Ninh Thuan 1 NPP is preliminarily established by using the RESRAD-ONSITE code, which are expected to be useful for future implementation of the Ninh Thuan 1 NPP project in Vietnam.

Bằng phương pháp PCR, trong tổng số 52 chủng Escherichia coli được phân lập từ thịt heo và môi trường giết mổ đã xác định sự hiện diện cao của gene stx2 (42,30%), eae (17,31%) nhưng không tìm thấy gene stx1 và hlyA. Đồng thời, chỉ tìm thấy gene mã hóa yếu tố bám dính F18 (5,77%), F41 (1,92%) nhưng không tìm thấy F4 và F5. Các chủng E. coli được kiểm tra sự nhạy cảm với kháng sinh cho thấy các chủng này đã đề kháng rất cao với ampicillin (92,31%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (86,54%), streptomycin (82,69%) và colistin (44,23%). Có 90,38% chủng E. coli đề kháng từ 2 đến 6 loại kháng sinh được kiểm tra, và kiểu hình Am + Sm (21,15%) phổ biến nhất. Kết quả phân tích bằng PCR ghi nhận gene blaTEM (92,30%) và aadA1(48,07%) chiếm tỷ lệ cao. Có 96,15% chủng E. coli mang từ 1 đến 3 gene đề kháng kháng sinh, và kiểu ghép gene blaTEM + aadA1 được tìm thấy phổ biến trên các chủng từ thịt tươi và môi trường. Do đó, việc kiểm soát sự vấy nhiễm các chủng E. coli đề kháng kháng sinh tại cơ sở giết mổ là cần thiết để bảo vệ sức khỏe cộng đồng.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM), particularly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), is one of the most prevalent non-communicable chronic diseases and poses significant challenges for the healthcare sector and the community. Distress in patients with T2DM leads to severe physical and mental consequences. This study aims to analyze the relationship between distress and the nutritional status of T2DM patients. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 203 T2DM patients at the National Hospital of Endocrinology from October to December 2022. Of the participants, 54.2 % were female with an average age of 62.1 (±12.4). The waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were significantly different between genders (p

After firms implement new software systems, it is crucial to encourage workers to continue using them. The purpose of this research is to examine the efficacy of an integrated Task-Technology Fit factor into Technology Continuance Theory (TCT) in elucidating the reasons why workers maintain their use of an organizational software. The data was gathered via a survey of 307 people employed by various organizations that used the software in their professional activities. Structural Equation Modeling using Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM) was used to examine the study model. Intention to continue using in software was favorably predicted by satisfaction, attitude, and perceived usefulness; and task-technology fit positively impacted attitude and satisfaction of software users. The findings provided role of task-technology fit as businesses applied the softwares to enhance their performance in digital transformation process. Furthermore, some actionable managerial implications were proposed for encouraging enterprises to consistently implement software systems in business process.

Abstract Chromobacterium violaceum is a rare but severe and often fatal cause of disease in humans. We present 2 clinical cases of sepsis and skin abscesses / cellulitis caused by C. violaceum seen in a referral hospital for infectious diseases in Vietnam. Both patients survived, but appropriate antibiotic treatment was only installed after culture of the organism. We reviewed and summarised the characteristics of C. violaceum infection and treatment.

Accidental fish bone ingestion is a common manifestation at emergency departments. In most cases, ingested foreign bodies usually pass uneventfully through the gastrointestinal tract and complications only present in less than 5% of all patients. In this report, we present the first documented case of pulmonary artery injury due to a fish bone in a 63-year-old male patient hospitalized with hemoptysis after accidentally swallowing a fish bone 30 days ago. This patient subsequently had surgery and endoscopy to safely remove the foreign body and then recovered well on a follow-up examination. For cases of fish bone ingestion, contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography is one of the most essential tools to assess vascular problems and associated mediastinal infections-risk factors for life-threatening and long-term recurrent inflammation. Reconstructing planes along the foreign body axis and changing windows when analyzing CT scans is necessary to avoid missing lesions and dilemmas.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of the progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) protocol versus the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-ant) protocol in ovarian stimulation. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we included 804 patients who were treated between January 1st, 2022, and July 1st, 2023. Outcomes of ovarian stimulation were compared between the PPOS (n = 206) and GnRH-ant (n = 598). The primary outcome was the number of good cleavage embryos. Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable in both groups. In both unadjusted and adjusted analysis, the mean number of good cleavage embryos in PPOS (6.33) was non-inferior to GnRH-ant (6.44; unadjusted ratio of two means 1.02, 95%CI 0.92, 1.13). The trigger-day estradiol level in patients with PPOS was higher than in patients with GnRH-ant (4,420 vs 3,830 pg/ml, respectively) despite similar total follicle stimulating hormone dose and fewer days of ovarian stimulation. The number of oocytes, MII oocytes, cleavage and blastocyst embryos were comparable between the two protocols. After the first transfer of embryos, the clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate were higher in the PPOS group, while the pregnancy rate and ongoing pregnancy were not significantly different. None of the PPOS patients had an unexpected LH surge, and serum LH levels decreased slightly during ovarian stimulation. Conclusions: The PPOS protocol with dydrogesterone provided similar embryo outcomes to the GnRH-ant protocol, with notable distinctions in clinical pregnancy and implantation rate. The serum LH concentration during ovarian stimulation using PPOS was well-controlled.

In this computational study, the preferential adsorption and co-adsorption sites of various chemical species (N, O, and NO) on the Pt (111) and Rh3Pt (111) surfaces were identified. The preferential adsorption site for NO and co-adsorption sites for N and O on the Pt (111) surface are the hollow (fcc) sites; and these on the Rh3Pt (111) surface are the hollow (fcc1) site and hollow N(hcp2)-O(fcc1) sites, respectively. The activation energies of the NO dissociation reaction on the Pt (111) and Rh3Pt (111) catalytic surfaces are 2.35 and 2.02 eV, respectively. The lower activation energy of the NO decomposition on the Rh3Pt (111) surface is explained by the stronger back-donation from the 4d orbital of the Rh atoms to the 2π* anti-bonding orbital of the NO molecule. The activation energies of the N and O recombination reaction on the Pt (111) and Rh3Pt (111) catalytic surfaces are 1.51 and 2.30 eV, respectively. The study indicates that the Rh3Pt (111) surface not only facilitates the NO decomposition but also better prevents N and O from recombination. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

The study was conducted to determine the influence of Despotic Leadership (DL) on employee Job Satisfaction (JS) and Self-Efficacy (SE) and to explore the moderating role of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX). Research data was collected from employees of businesses in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Through analyzing 394 relevant responses using the PLS-SEM analysis method, the study has shown that despotic leadership negatively impacts job satisfaction and self-efficacy employees have an intermediary role. Besides, the leader-member exchange moderates the relationship between autocratic leadership and employee self-efficacy. From there, it is concluded that some management implications are valuable references for businesses in Ho Chi Minh City to find solutions to increase employee job satisfaction and self-efficacy while reducing the adverse effects of despotic leadership.

The franchising industry in Vietnam has received lots of attention from international franchise brands due to its high potential growth and encouragement from the Vietnamese government in recent years. Franchisee firms play essential roles in the franchise system, representing foreign franchise brands and connecting directly to local customers. Hence, it is worth researching the determinants of franchisee performance, especially examining the roles of market orientation in the franchising industry based on franchisee perspectives. This study aims to investigate factors that affect franchisee performance through the direct effects between human capital, structural capital, relational capital, market orientation, and franchisor support based on the perspectives of franchisees through the lens of resource-based view theory. This study adopts the quantitative method and surveys the two largest cities in Vietnam. The results were from 155 respondents from top management levels in franchisee firms. Theoretically, it contributes to the franchising literature by adding the roles of market orientation, human capital, structural capital, relational capital, and franchisor support. Considering the lack of research in the franchising area in the Vietnam market, the empirically verified model describing crucial antecedents of franchisee performance offers a platform for debate, criticism, and future study.

Sâm Xuyên Đá (Myxopyrum smilacifolium (Wall.) Blume) (MS) là một loài sâm quý của Việt Nam. Theo nhiều nghiên cứu, MS chứa nhiều hoạt chất liên quan đến khả năng chống oxy hóa, kháng khuẩn, chống béo phì, giảm đường huyết, hạ mỡ máu. Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá tác động kháng khuẩn của cao chiết ethanol củ MS (MSE) trên 5 chủng vi khuẩn kháng kháng sinh. Kết quả cho thấy, MSE ở các nồng độ khác nhau từ 100 đến 800 mg/ml có hiệu quả ức chế rất thấp đến trực khuẩn E. coli và S. paucimobilis. Ngược lại, MSE lại có tác động ức chế mạnh lên 3 chủng vi khuẩn kháng rộng S. aureus, B. cepacia và P. aeruginosa (đường kính vòng kháng khuẩn lần lượt đạt 27,83 mm; 24,83 mm và 18,83mm tại nồng độ 800 mg/ml). B. cepacia, S. aureus và P. aeruginosa đều có giá trị MIC 12,5mg/ml và MBC 50mg/ml. S.s paucimobilis và E. coli có MIC tại 25mg/ml. S. paucimobilis có MBC tại 100mg/ml; E. coli có MBC tại 200mg/ml.

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure becomes vital for banks to be transparent and accountable for their investments and lending decisions to shareholders, regulators, and society. The potential enhancement of shareholder value through ESG disclosure is still inconsistent. Empirical studies on the association between ESG disclosure and financial performance are mixed and limited in emerging economies. This study aims to examine whether ESG disclosure impacts the financial performance of 24 Vietnamese commercial banks in terms of return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and net interest margin (NIM). The study uses the feasible generalized least squares estimation method based on panel data from 2018 to 2022. The study employs content analysis on 12 themes related to environmental, social, and governance pillars to score policy disclosure based on the Fair Finance Guide Methodology. The results highlight the positive effects of ESG policy disclosure, individual environment disclosure (E), and individual governance disclosure (G) on bank financial performance. Notably, ESG, E, and G have the largest influence on ROE, with coefficients of 0.051, 0.036, and 0.027, respectively, at a 5% significance level. However, the study does not provide evidence of a statistically significant association between social disclosure and financial performance. These results provide empirical evidence for regulators and bank managers to shape ESG policies and practices aligning with international standards. AcknowledgmentESG disclosure score of 11 banks as primary data in this study is conducted under the project coordinated by the Fair Finance Vietnam coalition, as part of Fair Finance International.

Abstract When someone violates a social norm, others may think that some sanction would be appropriate. We examine how the experience of emotions like anger and disgust relate to the judged appropriateness of sanctions, in a pre-registered analysis of data from a large-scale study in 56 societies. Across the world, we find that individuals who experience anger and disgust over a norm violation are more likely to endorse confrontation, ostracism and, to a smaller extent, gossip. Moreover, we find that the experience of anger is consistently the strongest predictor of judgments of confrontation, compared to other emotions. Although the link between state-based emotions and judgments may seem universal, its strength varies across countries. Aligned with theoretical predictions, this link is stronger in societies, and among individuals, that place higher value on individual autonomy. Thus, autonomy values may increase the role that emotions play in guiding judgments of social sanctions.

African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating disease with a high impact on the pork industry worldwide. ASF virus (ASFV) is a very complex pathogen, the sole member of the family Asfaviridae, which induces a state of immune suppression in the host through infection of myeloid cells and apoptosis of lymphocytes. Moreover, haemorrhages are the other main pathogenic effect of ASFV infection in pigs, related to the infection of endothelial cells, as well as the activation and structural changes of this cell population by proinflammatory cytokine upregulation within bystander monocytes and macrophages. There are still many gaps in the knowledge of the role of proteins produced by the ASFV, which is related to the difficulty in producing a safe and effective vaccine to combat the disease, although few candidates have been approved for use in Southeast Asia in the past couple of years.

AbstractThe study aims to assess the factors affecting the successful implementation of customer relationship management (CRM), as well as the relationship between the successful implementation of CRM and customer loyalty, in 3-to-5-star hotels in Vietnam. The study carried out integrating 3 theories RBV, RM and CM to identify the main components of CRM: human resources, technology and processes. On that basis, the article has identified 6 factors affecting successful CRM implementation in relation to the main components of CRM including: senior leaders’ commitments, CRM strategies, business procedures, hotel culture, technology infrastructure and database. By survey with a total sample size of 396 questionnaires. The participants included executive managers, vice directors, head of departments and head of divisions 3–5 star hotels in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City and Da Nang – 3 tourist cities of Vietnam in the list of 10 best cities in Southeast Asia. They were directly engaged in the management and execution of hotel operations, including CRM implementation. Upon being filtered, the data was analyzed by a Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient, regression analysis, and hypothesis testing to measure the impact level of the factors affecting the successful implementation of CRM, and the relationship between the successful implementation of CRM and customer loyalty. The findings obtained indicate that all 6 factors have a positive impact on the successful implementation of CRM, and the successful implementation of CRM has a positive and significant impact on customer loyalty. Additionally, theoretical and practical implications were proposed to help managers of 3-to-5-star hotels in Vietnam gain a better understanding of the importance of resources, so as to make the best preparations before implementing CRM and building customer loyalty. Further research orientations were also presented.

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá sự ảnh hưởng của bổ sung Lactobacillus plantarum (107 CFU/g thức ăn) và 1% inulin vào thức ăn theo chu kỳ 2 tuần/tháng lên tăng trưởng và đáp ứng miễn dịch cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) trong điều kiện nuôi ao. Thí nghiệm được bố trí hoàn toàn ngẫu nhiên với 3 nghiệm thức (NT) gồm đối chứng (NT1), bổ sung L. plantarum (NT2) và bổ sung 1% inulin (NT3), mỗi nghiệm thức lăp lại 3 lần. Tiến hành thu mẫu vào tuần thứ 4 và 8 tuần sau khi bổ sung L. plantarum (107 CFU/g) và 1% inulin. Các chỉ tiêu miễn dịch bao gồm mật độ tổng hồng cầu, mật độ tổng bạch cầu, định lượng từng loại bạch cầu và hoạt tính lysozyme được phân tích để đánh giá đáp ứng miễn dịch của cá. Kết quả cho thấy các chỉ tiêu tăng trưởng, huyết học và hoạt tính lysozyme ở NT2, NT3 đều cao hơn so với đối chứng sau 8 tuần thí nghiệm. Nghiệm thức NT3 cho kết quả tăng trọng, tăng trưởng tuyệt đối cao nhất lần lượt 42,4 g và 0,61 g/ngày ở 2 đợt thu mẫu và cũng cho thấy cá có đáp ứng miễn dịch tốt nhất.

Bài báo này trình bày kết quả thiết kế và tổng hợp các dẫn xuất 1,3,4-oxadiazole kết hợp α-amino acid từ các tác chất đơn giản trong điều kiện chiếu xạ vi sóng. Năm dẫn xuất mới (6a-e) đã được tổng hợp thành công với hiệu suất toàn phần 9-22%. Cấu trúc các dẫn xuất này được xác định đầy đủ bằng các phương pháp phổ nghiệm bao gồm HR-MS, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC và HMBC.

The study aimed to compare an innovative method, namely liquid CO2 extraction without high-pressure pump (LCE-WHP), with hydro-distillation (HD), microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MA-HD) and steam distillation (SD) on yield, physical and biological properties of essential oils (EOs) from fruit peels of three green and one yellow orange cultivars. LCE-WHP oils retained the fragrance of the original fruit peels with yellow color and low content of waxes. For green cultivars, oil yields of LCE-WHP (4.8–5.9%) were significantly higher than those of SD (3.6–5.2%), but lower than those of HD (10.5–12.4%) and MA-HD (11–11.9%). Green cultivars had higher oil yield than yellow cultivar regardless of extraction method. Volatile components of EOs were similar for all methods and cultivars. Limonene was main volatile compound of all EOs with concentrations of 95.3–96.9%. Total polyphenol and carotenoid content of LCE-WHP oils were 2.3–19.1 and 5.9–113.6 folds higher than those of oils extracted by other methods, respectively. EOs extracted by LCE-WHP showed the strongest activities against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. enteritidis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans as compared to EOs extracted by other methods. Similarly, the antioxidant activities of LCE-WHP oils determined by DPPH and ABTS assay were also the strongest. This is the first report on using LCE-WHP for extracting orange EOs with high quality and biological activities. LCE-WHP has lower capital cost and safer operation than conventional CO2 extraction methods. Such findings promote the application of LCE-WHP for commercial extraction of orange EOs.

Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices refer to the deliberate actions and strategies implemented by a company or organization to generate positive outcomes for its stakeholders beyond the sole objective of profit maximization. Internal CSR is a significant management and investment concept within enterprises, such as hospitals, that enhances organizational performance excellence. Objectives The article aims to trace how hospitals thrive in nurses’ job performance by leveraging internal CSR practices. Methods Cross-sectional design quantitative research through structured questionnaire interviews on 215 nurses in Vietnam. Data collection was conducted from May 2023 to August 2023. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was applied to test the hypotheses. Results The study has proven that a hospital's internal CSR practices impact nurses’ job performance. Income and benefits, human resource training and development, and work-related quality of life directly and significantly impact three dimensions of a nurse's job performance (competence to practice patient care, attitude to performance work, and management and professional development capacity). Connection and trust in the workplace and health and safety at work significantly affect two dimensions of a nurse's job performance (namely, competence to practice patient care and attitude to performance work). Diversity in the workplace impacts nurses’ competence in practicing patient care and their management and professional development capacity. Demographic variables did not correlate statistically significantly with dimensions of internal CSR and nurses’ job performance. Conclusion The study presents significant findings on the influence of internal CSR on nurses’ job performance within the hospital management theory of an emerging market. The results of the present study contribute to a better understanding of the benefits of hospitals’ socially responsible actions and contribute further to resource management in hospitals, especially nursing. If the nursing staff positively perceives the hospital's internal CSR practices, they will be more able to perform their job, impacting the hospital's overall performance. This study has certain limitations regarding the representative nature of the sample, the use of the self-report survey instrument, and the use of cross-sectional data.

The health sector has prioritized the physical health of vulnerable Generation X individuals at high Coronavirus risk. Despite vaccination efforts, both infected and healthy people continue facing health threats. Unlike other industries devastated by COVID-19, wearable fitness technology equipment (WFTE) is essential for health-focused individuals. This research examined customers' intention to use WFTE using an adapted Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework. A key contribution is the inclusion of perceived health risk and its impact on WFTE value perceptions and usage attitudes post-pandemic. The study gathered qualitative data from coronavirus patients and survey data from 513 participants. Structural equation modeling analysis supported the theoretical model. While the standard TAM evaluated intent to use WFTE, this study uniquely examined how WFTE's functional, hedonic, and symbolic value shapes its perceived value. Perceived health risk was found to significantly impact perceived WFTE value and usage attitudes after the pandemic recovery. Findings offer managerial implications to boost WFTE adoption among the vulnerable Generation X demographic.

This dataset presents survey results on concerns for consumer privacy information practises in business, online trust; and purchase intention in the online marketplace in Vietnam. The raw data was collected via an online questionnaire of 467 respondents aged 18 and over recruited randomly. The survey included questions on demographic attributes as well as ratings and rankings for various statements related to privacy information concerns, such as Collection, Unauthorized secondary use (internal), Improper Access, Error; consumer online trust; and purchase intention when shopping online. The de-identified dataset is available in CSV format, including the question/statement text, collection method details, and coded response values. This novel dataset further investigates the impact of privacy information concerns on consumer behaviors in an emergent Southeast Asian e-commerce market. As one of the first collections of empirical data focused distinctly on perspectives within Vietnam, this dataset has high reuse potential for research on information privacy attitudes, responses, and needs within the country and in comparison to regional/global trends.

This paper presents the accuracy of leveling routes determined by using GNSS/leveling at three grades and Earth gravitational model data SGG-UGM-2 in four regions of Vietnam by calculating the difference between the measured height anomalies and the model of pairs of points. The calculation is made based on the total points of three grades for four regions (99 in the Northwest, 34 in the Red River Delta, 130 in the Central Highlands, and 96 in the Mekong River Delta) with the leveling routes, connected between pair of points in each region are 189, 92, 294, and 203. The calculated results of the percentage of accuracy of the leveling routes of the four regions have shown that most of the leveling routes are satisfactory (grades I-IV, and technical leveling). The determination of the accuracy of the leveling route is completely applicable to other areas when the points have simultaneous ellipsoid and leveling heights and it also helps managers and surveyors to predict the accuracy of the height points when the above-mentioned leveling routes are connected and to take reasonable measures when implementing the project.

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an energy-saving and lifetime-maximizing solution for the LoRa wireless mesh network (WMN). Energy dissipation is a crucial factor affecting the usability of the LoRa WMN. In the worst cases, in systems without electric mains, the life of a sensor node battery may last for only a few hours. Two proposed solutions are characterized as energy-saving due to the use of deep sleep in the ESP8266-12F microcontroller. This allows the optimization of duty cycling, which refers to the ratio between active and inactive periods of sensor nodes power-gating the node, i.e. turning off all circuitries. This solution benefits applications using active power-hungry sensors sampled many times daily. Notably, reducing power consumption during idle time increases the optimal battery life by up to hundreds of times. As a result, the automatic uptime of a LoRa WMN can increase from days to months or even years, depending on usage. Therefore, energy-saving must be optimized if the node is to be installed in locations without a grid or renewable energy source. Experimental results show that the proposed energy-saving solution is more effective than those introduced by previous studies.

This research was conducted to study the sensitivity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-producing E. coli) isolated from pigs, dogs, chickens, and pheasants to antibiotics and extracts of Ly Son, Hai Duong, and Co Don garlic. The antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria was determined by the Kirby–Bauer test. Besides, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of garlic extracts were determined by the dilution method. The results show that ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from chickens, dogs, pheasants, and pigs were resistant to 3/12, 5/12, 7/12, and 7/12 antibiotics, respectively. These strains were highly resistant to amoxicillin (100%), ampicillin (100%), and streptomycin (70-100%). Moreover, they were multi-resistant to 2-10 antibiotics. However, they were inhibited by Ly Son, Hai Duong, and Co Don garlic extracts with MIC 4.69-9.38 mg/mL, 2.35-18.75 mg/mL, and 4.69-18.75 mg/mL, respectively. MBC of Ly Son, Hai Duong, and Co Don garlic extracts ranged from 9.38 to >150 mg/mL. The ESBL-producing E. coli strains isolated from dogs were less sensitive to garlic extracts than those isolated from pigs, chickens, and pheasants. This study shows the potential of garlic to replace antibiotics in the prevention and treatment of animal diseases in the future.

Toxoplasmosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii is an important zoonosis that shows severe symptoms in immunocompromised patients. High seroprevalences of toxoplasmosis were found in cats, humans, and pigs in traditional farms in Thua Thien Hue province. The main sources of infections remain unknown, thus making toxoplasmosis neglected and uncontrollable in this region. This study aimed to determine T. gondii contamination in vegetables used for human and livestock consumption and its spatial distribution in Thua Thien Hue rural areas. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate T. gondii contamination in vegetables grown in households in three different geographic regions. The pathogen DNA was detected from vegetable samples using a primer pair that is highly specific for the 529-bp repetitive element found in T. gondii genome. In this study, 55 out of 221 (24.9%) vegetable samples were positive for T. gondii using PCR. Factors, including location, presence of fence in the garden, owning cats, and treatment of feed for cats, were not significantly associated with T. gondii contamination in vegetables according to the logistic regression. However, vegetables collected in households that have no fence for vegetable gardens, own cats, and feed cats raw or undercooked foods tend to be more heavily contaminated than others. Furthermore, a wide distribution of infected vegetables was observed in all investigated districts, showing a high infection pressure in these residential areas. This is the first report of vegetables contaminated with T. gondii in Vietnam, which reveals an overlooked health risk for humans and animals.

Để tìm hiểu các yếu tố khách quan có ảnh hưởng đến việc dạy học Ngữ văn theo Chương trình Giáo dục phổ thông năm 2018, một nghiên cứu khảo sát được tiến hành nhằm xem xét ý kiến 144 giáo viên đang giảng dạy Ngữ văn lớp 10 ở Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long về năm yếu tố, gồm (1) Sách giáo khoa, (2) Điều kiện dạy học, (3) Người học, (4) Sự hỗ trợ của đồng nghiệp và lãnh đạo, (5) Học tập và trao đổi chuyên môn. Kết quả cho thấy giáo viên có xu hướng đồng ý rằng các yếu tố này có ảnh hưởng đến việc dạy học, trong đó “Sự hỗ trợ của đồng nghiệp và lãnh đạo” đem đến nhiều thuận lợi nhất, còn “Điều kiện dạy học” có nhiều yếu tố gây bất lợi nhất. Ngoài ra, trong sáu đề xuất nhằm hỗ trợ giáo viên thực hiện Chương trình 2018, đề xuất “Cần có văn bản hướng dẫn thực hiện Chương trình” được đánh giá cần thiết nhất với 63,9% tỷ lệ lựa chọn (N=144).

Để tuyển chọn được những dòng lúa nếp mới phù hợp với điều kiện sản xuất và chất lượng đáp ứng thị hiếu người tiêu dùng, 7 dòng lúa nếp triển vọng (N6, N14, N15, N23, N29, N31 và N32) đã được tiến hành khảo nghiệm đồng ruộng, phân tích chất lượng và kiểm tra kiểu gen thơm, amylose và chiều dài hạt tại huyện Thoại Sơn, tỉnh An Giang trong vụ Thu Đông 2020. Kết quả khảo nghiệm đã chọn được 4 dòng lúa nếp triển vọng là N6, N14, N15 và N32 có năng suất cao (5,47-6,88 tấn/ha), cứng cây (điểm 1), kháng đạo ôn lá (cấp 1-3), hàm lượng amylose từ 2,0 đến 2,1%, nhiệt hoá hồ thấp, tỷ lệ thu hồi gạo nguyên tốt (>53%) và có kiểu gen đồng hợp khi kiểm tra với các gen mục tiêu. Vì vậy, 4 dòng lúa nếp này (N6, N14, N15 và N32) phù hợp để tiến hành khảo nghiệm các vùng sinh thái trong vụ tiếp theo.

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm xác định kiểu đáy thích hợp trong nuôi thương phẩm ốc hương (Babylonia areolata) trong hệ thống tuần hoàn. Thí nghiệm được bố trí gồm 5 nghiệm thức và được lặp lại 3 lần, diện tích mỗi bể 83,3 m2, trong 5 hệ thống tuần hoàn, cỡ ốc thả bình quân 0,2 ± 0,001 g/con; mật độ thả 2.500 con/m2: kiểu đáy không cát, giá thể nilon (NT1); kiểu đáy không cát, giá thể bông tướt (NT2); kiểu đáy 2 tầng 1 lớp cát (NT3), kiểu đáy 2 tầng 2 lớp san hô-cát (NT4) và kiểu đáy 1 tầng 2 lớp san hô-cát (NT5). Sau 176 ngày nuôi, kết quả cho thấy ốc hương nuôi trong kiểu đáy 1 tầng 2 lớp (NT5) cho kết quả tốt nhất, ốc lủi sâu trong cát và bắt mồi tốt, cỡ ốc thu 6,65 ± 0,044 g/con tốc độ tăng trưởng đạt 36,7 mg/ngày, năng suất thu 11,77 ± 0,061 kg/m2, hệ số tiêu tốn thức ăn (FCR) đạt 2,31 ± 0,012 và tỷ lệ sống đạt 70,3 ± 0,36%. Kiểu đáy NT1 và NT2 cho kết quả nuôi kém, ốc hương thường xuyên bỏ ăn, không khép nắp vỏ, tiết nhớt nhiều do không phù hợp đặc tính sinh học sống vùi mình trong cát của ốc hương.

Abstract Background and Aims Job satisfaction of healthcare workers from conventional and university hospitals (or teaching hospitals) might be different due to several factors, for example medical staff required to carry out multiple clinical and teaching tasks simultaneously. Our study aimed to determine how the job satisfaction among healthcare workers in university hospitals is different from those in conventional hospitals. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted by using the validated and contextualized job satisfaction tool for the Vietnamese context to survey 216 healthcare workers at a university hospital in Vietnam from January to March 2020 with online Google forms. Results The results indicated low overall job satisfaction (43.1%) in our study university hospital with the score cutoff of 80%. However, healthcare workers still reported high job satisfaction rates in certain aspects, such as personal empathy (70.8%), discipline, and reward (67.6%), co‐worker collaboration (65.3%), training and promotion (63%), workplace environment (57.4%), and salary and allowance (44.9%). Subgroup analysis revealed statistically significant differences in job satisfaction (p

Summary: Background: Preterm infants are more likely to experience severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease compared to term infants. The reasons for this are multi-factorial, however their immature immune system is believed to be a major contributing factor. Methods: We collected cord blood from 25 preterm (gestational age 30.4–34.1 weeks) and 25 term infants (gestation age 37–40 weeks) and compared the response of cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) to RSVA and RSVB stimulation using neutralising assays, high-dimensional flow cytometry, multiplex cytokine assays and RNA-sequencing. Findings: We found that preterm and term infants had similar maternally derived neutralising antibody titres to RSVA and RSVB. Preterm infants had significantly higher myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) RSV infection compared to term infants. Differential gene expression analysis of RSVA stimulated CBMCs revealed enrichment of genes involved in cytokine production and immune regulatory pathways involving IL-10, IL-36γ, CXCL1, CXCL2, SOCS1 and SOCS3 in term infants, while differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in preterm infants were related to cell cycle (CDK1, TTK, ESCO2, KNL1, CDC25A, MAD2L1) without associated expression of immune response genes. Furthermore, enriched genes in term infants were highly correlated suggesting an increased co-ordination of their immune response to RSVA. When comparing DEGs in preterm and term infants following RSVB stimulation, no differences in immune response genes were identified. Interpretation: Overall, our data suggests that preterm infants have a more restricted immunological response to RSVA compared with term infants. While further studies are required, these findings may help to explain why preterm infants are more susceptible to severe RSV disease and identify potential therapeutic targets to protect these vulnerable infants. Funding: Murdoch Children's Research Institute Infection and Immunity theme grant.

The study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and antibiotic-resistance genes of Escherichia coli at the pig slaughterhouses in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. A total of 60 samples were collected at the slaughterhouse in the Mekong Delta, including 24 feces, 24 carcasses, 8 floors, and 4 wastewater samples. The prevalence of E. coli in feces, wastewater, carcasses, and floor samples was 91.67%, 50.00%, 29.17%, and 25.00%, respectively. A total of 79 E. coli isolates were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility to 15 antibiotics using the disc diffusion method according to CLSI 2021 guidelines. E. coli strains were highly resistant to amoxicillin (83.54%), ampicillin (78.48%), streptomycin (63.29%), and florfenicol (63.29%). However, those E. coli strains were sensitive to amoxicillin + acid clavulanic and amikacin (97.47%), cefaclor (95.45%), cefuroxime (93.67%), and enrofloxacin (92.41%). The results showed that 96.2% of examined E. coli strains were resistant from one antibiotic to eight antibiotics, and the most frequent multidrug-resistance phenotype was amoxicillin + ampicillin + florfenicol + streptomycin (13.92%). The prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (strA, sulII, qnrA, tetA, blaampC, blaTEM, and blaCTX-M) in E. coli was determined by PCR. The prevalence of strA, sulII, qnrA, tetA, blaampC, and blaTEM genes in E. coli strains was 75.67%, 72.97%, 75.67%, 83.78%, 91.89%, and 83.78% respectively; however, blaCTX-M gene was not detected. Therefore, the contamination of E. coli exhibiting antibiotic resistance in pig slaughterhouses should be controlled to prevent public health.

Khảo sát và thu mẫu ốc nước ngọt nội địa tại Thừa Thiên Huế được tiến hành từ tháng 5/2018 - 7/2020. Kết quả đã đưa ra nhận xét bước đầu về địa lý động vật ốc ở nước ngọt nội địa tại Thừa Thiên Huế. Trong đó, yếu tố Ấn Độ - Mã Lai chiếm ưu thế (8 loài; chiếm 40%), kế tiếp là các loài phân bố rộng (6 loài; chiếm 30%), yếu tố Trung Hoa kém đa dạng (4 loài; chiếm 20%) và thấp nhất là thành phần đặc hữu cho Việt Nam (2 loài; chiếm 10%).

Innovations for product preservation have attracted interest as they may increase the shelf-life of items when stored properly. In this study, the effects of various storage conditions, including four types of packaging (paper packaging, paper combined PE packaging, aluminum combined PE packaging, and plastic jar packaging) and temperatures (5, 15, 30, and 45 °C) on the quality of dried soursop were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the combination of plastic jar packaging and a storage temperature of 15 °C retained a significant portion of the initial total ascorbic acid content, total polyphenol content, and total flavonoid content. After four weeks of storage, the dried soursop preserve packaged in a plastic jar and stored at 15 °C exhibited a moisture content of 22.977 ± 0.093 %, total ascorbic acid content of 9.7 ± 0.46 mg/100gDW, total polyphenol content of 8.12 ± 0.06 mgGAE/gDW, total flavonoid content of 0.18 ± 0.02 mgQE/gDW, DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity of 0.69 ± 0.01 mgAA/gDW and 0.82 ± 0.01 mgAA/gDW, respectively. Moreover, the product meets the requirements of decision 46/2007/QD-BYT regulating the limits on biological and chemical contamination in food. The study offers valuable insights for the food industry in optimizing packaging and storage conditions to ensure the storage of quality and health-beneficial properties of this product.

Khi cung cấp HHO bằng phương pháp phun thì nồng độ cực đại của H2 còn sót lại trên đường nạp phụ thuộc vào áp suất phun và tỉ lệ HHO/không khí. Ở tốc độ động cơ 7500v/ph, với áp suất phun 5000Pa thì nồng độ cực đại của H2 còn sót lại trên đường nạp là 0,2% và 1,3% ứng với tỉ lệ HHO/không khí 4,5% và 5,7%. Nếu giới hạn nồng độ cực đại của H2 còn sót lại trên đường nạp là 1% thì tỉ lệ HHO/không khí không vượt quá 4,75%, 4,5% và 4% tương ứng với áp suất phun HHO lần lượt là 3000Pa, 1000Pa và 500Pa. Với tỉ lệ HHO/không khí nhỏ hơn 4%, khi áp suất phun HHO thay đổi từ 500Pa đến 4000Pa thì hệ số tương đương của hỗn hợp (f) trung bình còn sót lại trên đường nạp đạt khoảng 0,003, nồng độ H2 trung bình còn sót lại trên đường nạp là 0,03%. Ở tốc độ động cơ 7500v/ph, để duy trì f=1 thì thời điểm phun xăng là 80°TK, 78°TK và 75°TK ứng với tỉ lệ HHO/không khí lần lượt là 3,5%, 4,5% và 5,7%.