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1. Reduction of stored-particle background by a magnetic pulse method at the KATRIN experiment

Author

KATRIN Collaboration, Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Bauer, S., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berendes, R., Bergmann, T., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Brunst, T., Buglak, W., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W. Q., Deffert, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Furse, D., Gil, W., Glück, F., Urena, A. Gonzalez, Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Herz, W., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Kuckert, L., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Letnev, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Off, A., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Roccati, F., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sentkerestiová, J., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Wandkowsky, N., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., and Zadoroghny, S.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The KATRIN experiment aims to determine the effective electron neutrino mass with a sensitivity of $0.2\,{\text{eV}/c^2}$ (90\% C.L.) by precision measurement of the shape of the tritium \textbeta-spectrum in the endpoint region. The energy analysis of the decay electrons is achieved by a MAC-E filter spectrometer. A common background source in this setup is the decay of short-lived isotopes, such as $\textsuperscript{219}$Rn and $\textsuperscript{220}$Rn, in the spectrometer volume. Active and passive countermeasures have been implemented and tested at the KATRIN main spectrometer. One of these is the magnetic pulse method, which employs the existing air coil system to reduce the magnetic guiding field in the spectrometer on a short timescale in order to remove low- and high-energy stored electrons. Here we describe the working principle of this method and present results from commissioning measurements at the main spectrometer. Simulations with the particle-tracking software Kassiopeia were carried out to gain a detailed understanding of the electron storage conditions and removal processes., Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables

Published
2018
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2. Reduction of stored-particle background by a magnetic pulse method at the KATRIN experiment

Author

Arenz, M, Baek, W-J, Bauer, S, Beck, M, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berendes, R, Bergmann, T, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Blaum, K, Bode, T, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Brunst, T, Buglak, W, Buzinsky, N, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, WQ, Deffert, M, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Erhard, M, Eversheim, D, Fedkevych, M, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Furse, D, Gil, W, Glück, F, Ureña, A Gonzalez, Grohmann, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hackenjos, M, Hannen, V, Harms, F, Haußmann, N, Heizmann, F, Helbing, K, Herz, W, Hickford, S, Hilk, D, Howe, MA, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Kellerer, J, Kernert, N, Kippenbrock, L, Kleesiek, M, Klein, M, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Kraus, M, Kuckert, L, Lasserre, T, Lebeda, O, Letnev, J, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Mertens, S, Mirz, S, Monreal, B, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Off, A, Osipowicz, A, Otten, E, Parno, DS, Pollithy, A, Poon, AWP, Priester, F, Ranitzsch, PC-O, Rest, O, Robertson, RGH, Roccati, F, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, K, Schlösser, M, and Schönung, K

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, physics.ins-det, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Atomic, molecular and optical physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

The KATRIN experiment aims to determine the effective electron neutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2eV/c2 (%90 CL) by precision measurement of the shape of the tritium β -spectrum in the endpoint region. The energy analysis of the decay electrons is achieved by a MAC-E filter spectrometer. A common background source in this setup is the decay of short-lived isotopes, such as 219Rn and 220Rn , in the spectrometer volume. Active and passive countermeasures have been implemented and tested at the KATRIN main spectrometer. One of these is the magnetic pulse method, which employs the existing air coil system to reduce the magnetic guiding field in the spectrometer on a short timescale in order to remove low- and high-energy stored electrons. Here we describe the working principle of this method and present results from commissioning measurements at the main spectrometer. Simulations with the particle-tracking software Kassiopeia were carried out to gain a detailed understanding of the electron storage conditions and removal processes.

Published
2018

3. APDs as Single-Photon Detectors for Visible and Near-Infrared Wavelenghts down to Hz Rates

Author

Jöhren, R., Berendes, R., Buglak, W., Hampf, D., Hannen, V., Mader, J., Nörtershäuser, W., Sánchez, R., and Weinheimer, C.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

For the SPECTRAP experiment at GSI, Germany, detectors with Single-Photon counting capability in the visible and near-infrared regime are required. For the wavelength region up to 1100 nm we investigate the performance of 2x2 mm^2 avalanche photo diodes (APDs) of type S0223 manufactured by Radiation Monitoring Devices. To minimize thermal noise, the APDs are cooled to approximately -170 deg. C using liquid nitrogen. By operating the diodes close to the breakdown voltage it is possible to achieve relative gains in excess of 2x10^4. Custom-made low noise preamplifiers are used to read out the devices. The measurements presented in this paper have been obtained at a relative gain of 2.2x10^4. At a discriminator threshold of 6 mV the resulting dark count rate is in the region of 230/s. With these settings the studied APDs are able to detect single photons at 628 nm wavelength with a photo detection efficiency of (67+-7)%. Measurements at 1020 nm wavelength have been performed using the attenuated output of a grating spectrograph with a light bulb as photon source. With this setup the photo detection efficiency at 1020 nm has been determined to be (13+-3)%, again at a threshold of 6 mV., Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Journal of Instrumentation

Published
2011
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4. Reduction of stored-particle background by a magnetic pulse method at the KATRIN experiment

Author

Bauer , S., Beck , M., Beglarian , A., Behrens , J., Berendes , R., Bergmann , T., Berlev , A., Besserer , U., Blaum , K., Bode , T., Bornschein , B., Bornschein , L., Brunst , T., Buglak , W., Buzinsky , N., Chilingaryan , S., Choi , W.Q., Deffert , M., Doe , P.J., Dragoun , O., Drexlin , G., Dyba , S., Edzards , F., Eitel , K., Ellinger , E., Engel , R., Enomoto , S., Erhard , M., Eversheim , D., Fedkevych , M., Formaggio , J.A., Fränkle , F.M., Franklin , G.B., Friedel , F., Fulst , A., Furse , D., Gil , W., Glück , F., Gonzalez Ureña , A., Grohmann , S., Grössle , R., Gumbsheimer , R., Hackenjos , M., Hannen , V., Harms , F., Haußmann , N., Heizmann , F., Helbing , K., Herz , W., Hickford , S., Hilk , D., Howe , M.A., Huber , A., Jansen , A., Kellerer , J., Kernert , N., Kippenbrock , L., Kleesiek , M., Klein , M., Kopmann , A., Korzeczek , M., Kovalík , A., Krasch , B., Kraus , M., Kuckert , L., Lasserre , T., Lebeda , O., Letnev , J., Lokhov , A., Machatschek , M., Marsteller , A., Martin , E.L., Mertens , S., Mirz , S., Monreal , B., Neumann , H., Niemes , S., Off , A., Osipowicz , A., Otten , E., Parno , D.S., Pollithy , A., Poon , A.W.P., Priester , F., Ranitzsch , P.C.-O., Rest , O., Robertson , R.G.H., Roccati , F., Rodenbeck , C., Röllig , M., Röttele , C., Ryšavý , M., Sack , R., Saenz , A., Schimpf , L., Schlösser , K., Schlösser , M., Schönung , K., Schrank , M., Seitz-Moskaliuk , H., Sentkerestiová , J., Sibille , V., Slezák , M., Steidl , M., Steinbrink , N., Sturm , M., Suchopar , M., Telle , H.H., Thorne , L.A., Thümmler , T., Titov , N., Tkachev , I., Trost , N., Valerius , K., Vénos , D., Vianden , R., Vizcaya Hernández , A.P., Wandkowsky , N., Weber , M., Weinheimer , C., Weiss , C., Welte , S., Wendel , J., Wilkerson , J.F., Wolf , J., Wüstling , S., Zadoroghny , S., Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers ( IRFU ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, and KATRIN

Subjects
radon: nuclide, Neutrino mass, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Background reduction methods, coil, Monte Carlo methods, spectrometer, Radon background, KATRIN, numerical calculations, background: radioactivity, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], background: suppression
Abstract

The KATRIN experiment aims to determine the effective electron neutrino mass with a sensitivity of $0.2\,{\text{eV}/c^2}$ (90\% C.L.) by precision measurement of the shape of the tritium \textbeta-spectrum in the endpoint region. The energy analysis of the decay electrons is achieved by a MAC-E filter spectrometer. A common background source in this setup is the decay of short-lived isotopes, such as $^{219}$Rn and $^{220}$Rn, in the spectrometer volume. Active and passive countermeasures have been implemented and tested at the KATRIN main spectrometer. One of these is the magnetic pulse method, which employs the existing air coil system to reduce the magnetic guiding field in the spectrometer on a short timescale in order to remove low- and high-energy stored electrons. Here we describe the working principle of this method and present results from commissioning measurements at the main spectrometer. Simulations with the particle-tracking software Kassiopeia were carried out to gain a detailed understanding of the electron storage conditions and removal processes.

Published
2018

7. Reduction of stored-particle background by a magnetic pulse method at the KATRIN experiment

Author

Arenz, M., Baek, W.-J., Bauer, S., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berendes, R., Bergmann, T., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Brunst, T., Buglak, W., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W. Q., Deffert, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Furse, D., Gil, W., Glück, F., Ureña, A. Gonzalez, Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Herz, W., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Kuckert, L., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Letnev, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Off, A., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C.-O., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Roccati, F., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sentkerestiová, J., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Wandkowsky, N., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., and Zadoroghny, S.

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 13. Climate action
Abstract

The KATRIN experiment aims to determine the effective electron neutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c2 (%90 CL) by precision measurement of the shape of the tritium β-spectrum in the endpoint region. The energy analysis of the decay electrons is achieved by a MAC-E filter spectrometer. A common background source in this setup is the decay of short-lived isotopes, such as 219Rn and 220Rn, in the spectrometer volume. Active and passive countermeasures have been implemented and tested at the KATRIN main spectrometer. One of these is the magnetic pulse method, which employs the existing air coil system to reduce the magnetic guiding field in the spectrometer on a short timescale in order to remove low- and high-energy stored electrons. Here we describe the working principle of this method and present results from commissioning measurements at the main spectrometer. Simulations with the particle-tracking software Kassiopeia were carried out to gain a detailed understanding of the electron storage conditions and removal processes.

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