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2. The Modular X- and Gamma-Ray Sensor (MXGS)of the ASIM Payload on the International Space Station

Author

Østgaard, Nikolai, Balling, Jan E., Bjørnsen, Thomas, Brauer, Peter, Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl, Bujwan, Waldemar, Carlson, Brant, Christiansen, Freddy, Connell, Paul, Eyles, Chris, Fehlker, Dominik, Genov, Georgi, Grudziński, Pawel, Kochkin, Pavlo, Kohfeldt, Anja, Kuvvetli, Irfan, Thomsen, Per Lundahl, Pedersen, Søren Møller, Navarro-Gonzalez, Javier, Neubert, Torsten, Njøten, Kåre, Orleanski, Piotr, Qureshi, Bilal Hasan, Cenkeramaddi, Linga Reddy, Reglero, Victor, Reina, Manuel, Rodrigo, Juan Manuel, Rostad, Maja, Sabau, Maria D., Kristensen, Steen Savstrup, Skogseide, Yngve, Solberg, Arne, Stadsnes, Johan, Ullaland, Kjetil, and Yang, Shiming

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

The Modular X- and Gamma-ray Sensor (MXGS) is an imaging and spectral X- and Gamma-ray instrument mounted on the starboard side of the Columbus module on the International Space Station. Together with the Modular Multi-Spectral Imaging Assembly (MMIA) (Chanrion et al. this issue) MXGS constitutes the instruments of the Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) (Neubert et al. this issue). The main objectives of MXGS are to image and measure the spectrum of X- and $\gamma$-rays from lightning discharges, known as Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs), and for MMIA to image and perform high speed photometry of Transient Luminous Events (TLEs) and lightning discharges. With these two instruments specifically designed to explore the relation between electrical discharges, TLEs and TGFs, ASIM is the first mission of its kind.

Published
2019
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4. The e-ASTROGAM mission (exploring the extreme Universe with gamma rays in the MeV-GeV range)

Author

De Angelis, Alessandro, Tatischeff, Vincent, Tavani, Marco, Oberlack, Uwe, Grenier, Isabelle A., Hanlon, Lorraine, Walter, Roland, Argan, Andrea, von Ballmoos, Peter, Bulgarelli, Andrea, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Hernanz, Margarita, Kuvvetli, Irfan, Pearce, Mark, Zdziarski, Andrzej, Aboudan, Alessio, Ajello, Marco, Ambrosi, Giovanni, Bernard, Denis, Bernardini, Elisa, Bonvicini, Valter, Brogna, Andrea, Branchesi, Marica, Budtz-Jorgensen, Carl, Bykov, Andrei, Campana, Riccardo, Cardillo, Martina, Coppi, Paolo, De Martino, Domitilla, Diehl, Roland, Doro, Michele, Fioretti, Valentina, Funk, Stefan, Ghisellini, Gabriele, Grove, J. Eric, Hamadache, Clarisse, Hartmann, Dieter H., Hayashida, Masaaki, Isern, Jordi, Kanbach, Gottfried, Kiener, Jurgen, Knodlseder, Jurgen, Labanti, Claudio, Laurent, Philippe, Limousin, Olivier, Longo, Francesco, Mannheim, Karl, Marisaldi, Martino, Martinez, Manel, Mazziotta, Mario N., McEnery, Julie, Mereghetti, Sandro, Minervini, Gabriele, Moiseev, Alexander, Morselli, Aldo, Nakazawa, Kazuhiro, Orleanski, Piotr, Paredes, Josep M., Patricelli, Barbara, Peyre, Jean, Piano, Giovanni, Pohl, Martin, Ramarijaona, Harald, Rando, Riccardo, Reichardt, Ignasi, Roncadelli, Marco, da Silva, Rui Curado, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, Thompson, David J., Turolla, Roberto, Ulyanov, Alexei, Vacchi, Andrea, Wu, Xin, and Zoglauer, Andreas

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

e-ASTROGAM (`enhanced ASTROGAM') is a breakthrough Observatory mission dedicated to the study of the non-thermal Universe in the photon energy range from 0.3 MeV to 3 GeV. The mission is based on an advanced space-proven detector technology, with unprecedented sensitivity, angular and energy resolution, combined with polarimetric capability. In the largely unexplored MeV-GeV domain, e-ASTROGAM will open a new window on the non-thermal Universe, making pioneering observations of the most powerful Galactic and extragalactic sources, elucidating the nature of their relativistic outflows and their effects on Galactic ecosystems. With a line sensitivity in the MeV energy range one to two orders of magnitude better than previous generation instruments, will determine the origin of key isotopes fundamental for the understanding of supernova explosion and the chemical evolution of our Galaxy. The mission will provide unique data of significant interest to a broad astronomical community, complementary to powerful observatories such as LIGO-Virgo-GEO600-KAGRA, SKA, ALMA, E-ELT, TMT, LSST, JWST, Athena, CTA, IceCube, KM3NeT, and the promise of eLISA. Keywords: High-energy gamma-ray astronomy, High-energy astrophysics, Nuclear Astrophysics, Compton and Pair creation telescope, Gamma-ray bursts, Active Galactic Nuclei, Jets, Outflows, Multiwavelength observations of the Universe, Counterparts of gravitational waves, Fermi, Dark Matter, Nucleosynthesis, Early Universe, Supernovae, Cosmic Rays, Cosmic antimatter., Comment: Exp Astron (2017)

Published
2016
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5. A focal plane detector design for a wide-band Laue-lens telescope

Author

Caroli, Ezio, Auricchio, Natalia, Amati, Lorenzo, Bezsmolnyy, Yuriy, Budtz-Jorgensen, Carl, da Silva, Rui M. Curado, Frontera, Filippo, Pisa, Alessandro, Del Sordo, Stefano, Stephen, John B., and Ventura, Giulio

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The energy range above 60 keV is important for the study of many open problems in high energy astrophysics such as the role of Inverse Compton with respect to synchrotron or thermal processes in GRBs, non thermal mechanisms in SNR, the study of the high energy cut-offs in AGN spectra, and the detection of nuclear and annihilation lines. Recently the development of high energy Laue lenses with broad energy bandpasses from 60 to 600 keV have been proposed for a Hard X ray focusing Telescope (HAXTEL) in order to study the X-ray continuum of celestial sources. The required focal plane detector should have high detection efficiency over the entire operative range, a spatial resolution of about 1 mm, an energy resolution of a few keV at 500 keV and a sensitivity to linear polarization. We describe a possible configuration of the focal plane detector based on several CdTe/CZT pixelated layers stacked together to achieve the required detection efficiency at high energy. Each layer can operate both as a separate position sensitive detector and polarimeter or work with other layers to increase the overall photopeak efficiency. Each layer has a hexagonal shape in order to minimize the detector surface required to cover the lens field of view. The pixels would have the same geometry so as to provide the best coupling with the lens point spread function and to increase the symmetry for polarimetric studies., Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures

Published
2006
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6. Detection of Low-Energy X-rays Using YSO Scintillation Crystal Arrays for GRB Experiments

Author

Kim, Minbin, primary, Ripa, Jakub, additional, Park, Il H., additional, Bogomolov, Vitaly, additional, Brandt, Søren, additional, Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl, additional, Castro-Tirado, Alberto J., additional, Chang, Sheng-Hsiung, additional, Chang, Yenyun, additional, Chen, Chia Ray, additional, Chen, C.-W., additional, Chen, Pisin, additional, Connell, Paul, additional, Eyles, Chris, additional, Gaikov, Georgii, additional, Hong, Gihan, additional, Huang, Jian Jung, additional, Huang, Ming-Huey Alfred, additional, Jeong, Soomin, additional, Kim, Jieun, additional, Lee, Jik, additional, Lim, Heuijin, additional, Lin, Chih-Yang, additional, Liu, Tsung-Che, additional, Nam, Jiwoo, additional, Panasyuk, Mikhail, additional, Petrov, Vasily, additional, Reglero, Victor, additional, Rodrigo, Juana M., additional, Svertilov, Sergey, additional, Vedenkin, Nikolay, additional, Wang, Ming Zu, additional, and Yashin, Ivan, additional

Published
2021
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7. Constraining spectral models of a terrestrial gamma-ray flash from a terrestrial electron beam observation by the Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor

Author

Sarria, David, primary, Østgaard, Nikolai, additional, Kochkin, Pavlo, additional, Lehtinen    , Nikolai, additional, Mezentsev, Andrew, additional, Marisaldi, Martino, additional, Lindanger, Anders, additional, Maiorana, Carolina, additional, Carlson, Brant Edward, additional, Neubert, Torsten, additional, Reglero, Víctor, additional, Ullaland, Kjetil, additional, Yang, Shiming, additional, Genov, Georgi, additional, Qureshi, Bilal Hasan, additional, Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl, additional, Kuvvetli, Irfan, additional, Cristiansen, Freddy, additional, Chanrion, Olivier, additional, Navarro-Gonzalez, Javier, additional, Connell, Paul Henry, additional, and Dr Eyles, Christopher J, additional

Published
2021
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9. Constraining spectral models of a terrestrial gamma-ray flash from a terrestrial electron beam observation by the Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor

Author

Sarria, David, primary, Østgaard, Nikolai, additional, Kochkin, Pavlo, additional, Lehtinen    , Nikolai, additional, Mezentsev, Andrew, additional, Marisaldi, Martino, additional, Lindanger, Anders, additional, Maiorana, Carolina, additional, Carlson, Brant Edward, additional, Neubert, Torsten, additional, Reglero, Víctor, additional, Ullaland, Kjetil, additional, Yang, Shiming, additional, Genov, Georgi, additional, Qureshi, Bilal Hasan, additional, Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl, additional, Kuvvetli, Irfan, additional, Cristiansen, Freddy, additional, Chanrion, Olivier, additional, Navarro-Gonzalez, Javier, additional, Connell, Paul Henry, additional, and Dr Eyles, Christopher J, additional

Published
2020
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10. A terrestrial gamma-ray flash and ionospheric ultraviolet emissions powered by lightning

Author

Neubert, Torsten, primary, Østgaard, Nikolai, additional, Reglero, Victor, additional, Chanrion, Olivier, additional, Heumesser, Matthias, additional, Dimitriadou, Krystallia, additional, Christiansen, Freddy, additional, Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl, additional, Kuvvetli, Irfan, additional, Rasmussen, Ib Lundgaard, additional, Mezentsev, Andrey, additional, Marisaldi, Martino, additional, Ullaland, Kjetil, additional, Genov, Georgi, additional, Yang, Shiming, additional, Kochkin, Pavlo, additional, Navarro-Gonzalez, Javier, additional, Connell, Paul H., additional, and Eyles, Chris J., additional

Published
2020
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11. The First Terrestrial Electron Beam Observed by The Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor

Author

Sarria, David, primary, Kochkin, Pavlo, additional, Østgaard, Nikolai, additional, Lehtinen, Nikolai, additional, Mezentsev, Andrew, additional, Marisaldi, Martino, additional, Carlson, Brant, Edward, additional, Maiorana, Carolina, additional, Albrechtsen, Kjetil, H, additional, Neubert, Torsten, additional, Reglero, Víctor, additional, Ullaland, Kjetil, additional, Yang, Shiming, additional, Genov, Georgi, additional, Qureshi, Bilal, Hasan, additional, Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl, additional, Kuvvetli, Irfan, additional, Christiansen, Freddy, additional, Chanrion, Olivier, additional, Heumesser, Matthias, additional, Dimitriadou, Krystallia, additional, Navarro-Gonzalez, Javier, additional, Connell, Paul, additional, and Dr Eyles, Christopher, J, additional

Published
2019
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12. A focal plane detector design for a wide-band Laue-lens telescope

Author

Caroli, Ezio, primary, Auricchio, Natalia, additional, Amati, Lorenzo, additional, Bezsmolnyy, Yuriy, additional, Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl, additional, Curado da Silva, Rui M., additional, Frontera, Filippo, additional, Pisa, Alessandro, additional, Del Sordo, Stefano, additional, Stephen, John B., additional, and Ventura, Giulio, additional

Published
2006
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13. Catching Element Formation In The Act. The Case for a New MeV Gamma-Ray Mission: Radionuclide Astronomy in the 2020s. A White Paper for the 2020 Decadal Survey

Author

Fryer, Chris L., Timmes, Frank, Hungerford, Aimee L., Couture, Aaron, Adams, Fred, Aoki, Wako, Arcones, Almudena, Arnett, David, Auchettl, Katie, Avila, Melina, Badenes, Carles, Baron, Eddie, Bauswein, Andreas, John Beacom, Blackmon, Jeff, Blondin, Stéphane, Bloser, Peter, Boggs, Steve, Boss, Alan, Brandt, Terri, Bravo, Eduardo, Brown, E., Brown, Peter, Bruenn, Steve, Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl, Burns, Eric, Calder, Alan, Caputo, Regina, Champagne, Art, Chevalier, Roger, Chieffi, Alessandro, Chipps, Kelly, Cinabro, David, Clarkson, Ondrea, Clayton, Don, Coc, Alain, Connolly, Devin, Conroy, Charlie, Côté, Benoit, Couch, Sean, Dauphas, Nicolas, Deboer, Richard James, Deibel, Catherine, Denisenkov, Pavel, Desch, Steve, Dessart, Luc, Diehl, Roland, Doherty, Carolyn, Domínguez, Inma, Dong, Subo, Dwarkadas, Vikram, Fan, Doreen, Fields, Brian, Fields, Carl, Filippenko, Alex, Fisher, Robert, Foucart, Francois, Fransson, Claes, Fröhlich, Carla, Fuller, George, Gibson, Brad, Giryanskaya, Viktoriya, Görres, Joachim, Goriely, Stéphane, Grebenev, Sergei, Grefenstette, Brian, Grohs, Evan, Guillochon, James, Harpole, Alice, Harris, Chelsea, Austin Harris, J., Harrison, Fiona, Hartmann, Dieter, Hashimoto, Masa-Aki, Heger, Alexander, Hernanz, Margarita, Herwig, Falk, Hirschi, Raphael, Hix, Raphael William, Höflich, Peter, Hoffman, Robert, Holcomb, Cole, Hsiao, Eric, Iliadis, Christian, Janiuk, Agnieszka, Janka, Thomas, Jerkstrand, Anders, Johns, Lucas, Jones, Samuel, José, Jordi, Kajino, Toshitaka, Karakas, Amanda, Karpov, Platon, Kasen, Dan, Kierans, Carolyn, Kippen, Marc, Korobkin, Oleg, Kobayashi, Chiaki, Kozma, Cecilia, Krot, Saha, Kumar, Pawan, Kuvvetli, Irfan, Laird, Alison, Laming, Martin, Larsson, Josefin, Lattanzio, John, Lattimer, James, Leising, Mark, Lennarz, Annika, Lentz, Eric, Limongi, Marco, Lippuner, Jonas, Livne, Eli, Lloyd-Ronning, Nicole, Longland, Richard, Lopez, Laura A., Lugaro, Maria, Lutovinov, Alexander, Madsen, Kristin, Malone, Chris, Matteucci, Francesca, Mcenery, Julie, Meisel, Zach, Messer, Bronson, Metzger, Brian, Meyer, Bradley, Meynet, Georges, Mezzacappa, Anthony, Miller, Jonah, Miller, Richard, Milne, Peter, Misch, Wendell, Mitchell, Lee, Mösta, Philipp, Motizuki, Yuko, Müller, Bernhard, Mumpower, Matthew, Murphy, Jeremiah, Nagataki, Shigehiro, Nakar, Ehud, Nomoto, Ken Ichi, Nugent, Peter, Nunes, Filomena, O Shea, Brian, Oberlack, Uwe, Pain, Steven, Parker, Lucas, Perego, Albino, Pignatari, Marco, Pinedo, Gabriel Martínez, Plewa, Tomasz, Poznanski, Dovi, Priedhorsky, William, Pritychenko, Boris, Radice, David, Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico, Rauscher, Thomas, Reddy, Sanjay, Rehm, Ernst, Reifarth, Rene, Richman, Debra, Ricker, Paul, Rijal, Nabin, Roberts, Luke, Röpke, Friedrich, Rosswog, Stephan, Ruiter, Ashley J., Ruiz, Chris, Savin, Daniel Wolf, Schatz, Hendrik, Schneider, Dieter, Schwab, Josiah, Seitenzahl, Ivo, Shen, Ken, Siegert, Thomas, Sim, Stuart, Smith, David, Smith, Karl, Smith, Michael, Sollerman, Jesper, Sprouse, Trevor, Spyrou, Artemis, Starrfield, Sumner, Steiner, Andrew, Strong, Andrew W., Sukhbold, Tuguldur, Suntzeff, Nick, Surman, Rebecca, Tanimori, Toru, The, Lih-Sin, Thielemann, Friedrich-Karl, Tolstov, Alexey, Tominaga, Nozomu, Tomsick, John, Townsley, Dean, Tsintari, Pelagia, Tsygankov, Sergey, Vartanyan, David, Venters, Tonia, Vestrand, Tom, Vink, Jacco, Waldman, Roni, Wang, Lifang, Wang, Xilu, Warren, Mackenzie, West, Christopher, Craig Wheeler, J., Wiescher, Michael, Winkler, Christoph, Winter, Lisa, Wolf, Bill, Woolf, Richard, Woosley, Stan, Wu, Jin, Wrede, Chris, Yamada, Shoichi, Young, Patrick, Zegers, Remco, Zingale, Michael, Portegies Zwart, Simon, Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Space Agency (ESA), HEP, INSPIRE, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Gamma-ray astronomy explores the most energetic photons in nature to address some of the most pressing puzzles in contemporary astrophysics. It encompasses a wide range of objects and phenomena: stars, supernovae, novae, neutron stars, stellar-mass black holes, nucleosynthesis, the interstellar medium, cosmic rays and relativistic-particle acceleration, and the evolution of galaxies. MeV gamma-rays provide a unique probe of nuclear processes in astronomy, directly measuring radioactive decay, nuclear de-excitation, and positron annihilation. The substantial information carried by gamma-ray photons allows us to see deeper into these objects, the bulk of the power is often emitted at gamma-ray energies, and radioactivity provides a natural physical clock that adds unique information. New science will be driven by time-domain population studies at gamma-ray energies. This science is enabled by next-generation gamma-ray instruments with one to two orders of magnitude better sensitivity, larger sky coverage, and faster cadence than all previous gamma-ray instruments. This transformative capability permits: (a) the accurate identification of the gamma-ray emitting objects and correlations with observations taken at other wavelengths and with other messengers; (b) construction of new gamma-ray maps of the Milky Way and other nearby galaxies where extended regions are distinguished from point sources; and (c) considerable serendipitous science of scarce events -- nearby neutron star mergers, for example. Advances in technology push the performance of new gamma-ray instruments to address a wide set of astrophysical questions.

Published
2019

14. The Modular X- and Gamma-Ray Sensor (MXGS) of the ASIM Payload on the International Space Station

Author

Østgaard, Nikolai, primary, Balling, Jan E., additional, Bjørnsen, Thomas, additional, Brauer, Peter, additional, Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl, additional, Bujwan, Waldemar, additional, Carlson, Brant, additional, Christiansen, Freddy, additional, Connell, Paul, additional, Eyles, Chris, additional, Fehlker, Dominik, additional, Genov, Georgi, additional, Grudziński, Pawel, additional, Kochkin, Pavlo, additional, Kohfeldt, Anja, additional, Kuvvetli, Irfan, additional, Thomsen, Per Lundahl, additional, Pedersen, Søren Møller, additional, Navarro-Gonzalez, Javier, additional, Neubert, Torsten, additional, Njøten, Kåre, additional, Orleanski, Piotr, additional, Qureshi, Bilal Hasan, additional, Cenkeramaddi, Linga Reddy, additional, Reglero, Victor, additional, Reina, Manuel, additional, Rodrigo, Juan Manuel, additional, Rostad, Maja, additional, Sabau, Maria D., additional, Kristensen, Steen Savstrup, additional, Skogseide, Yngve, additional, Solberg, Arne, additional, Stadsnes, Johan, additional, Ullaland, Kjetil, additional, and Yang, Shiming, additional

Published
2019
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15. The advanced surveyor of transient events and nuclear astrophysics (ASTENA) mission within the AHEAD project (Conference Presentation)

Author

Rosati, Piero, primary, Virgilli, Enrico, additional, Frontera, Filippo, additional, Guidorzi, Cristiano, additional, Caroli, Ezio, additional, Stephen, John B., additional, Auricchio, Natalia, additional, Amati, Lorenzo, additional, Orlandini, Mauro, additional, Fuschino, Fabio, additional, Bassani, Loredana, additional, Campana, Riccardo, additional, Labanti, Claudio, additional, Malizia, Angela, additional, Kuvvetli, Irfan, additional, Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl, additional, Brandt, Søren K., additional, Ghirlanda, Giancarlo, additional, Gilli, Roberto, additional, and Curado da Silva, Rui M., additional

Published
2018
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16. The Narrow Field telescope on board the ASTENA mission (Conference Presentation)

Author

Virgilli, Enrico, primary, Rosati, Piero, additional, Frontera, Filippo, additional, Caroli, Ezio, additional, Amati, Lorenzo, additional, Stephen, John B., additional, Auricchio, Natalia, additional, Guidorzi, Cristiano, additional, Orlandini, Mauro, additional, Bassani, Loredana, additional, Malizia, Angela, additional, Silvestri, Stefano, additional, Basili, Angelo, additional, Kuvvetli, Irfan, additional, Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl, additional, Curado da Silva, Rui M., additional, Labanti, Claudio, additional, Fuschino, Fabio, additional, Campana, Riccardo, additional, and Brandt, Søren K., additional

Published
2018
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17. In-Situ Calibration of UFFO/Lomonosov for Observation of GRBs

Author

Jeong, Soomin, primary, Park, I.H., additional, Bogomolov, V., additional, Brandt, Soren, additional, Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl, additional, Castro-Tirado, A. J., additional, Chang, Y., additional, Chen, Pisin, additional, Chen, C. R., additional, Choi, H. S., additional, Connell, Paul, additional, Eyles, C., additional, Gaikov, Georgii, additional, Garipov, G., additional, Huang, Jian-Jung, additional, Jeong, H.M., additional, Kim, J.E., additional, Kim, Min Bin, additional, Kim, Sang-Woo, additional, Kim, Hong-Keun, additional, Lee, E. J., additional, Lim, H., additional, Nam, J.W., additional, Panasyuk, M.I., additional, Petrov, V. V., additional, Reglero, V., additional, Ripa, J., additional, Rodrigo, J.M., additional, Svertilov, Sergey, additional, Yashin, I.I., additional, Wang, Min-Zu, additional, Huang, M.-H.A., additional, Chen, C. - W., additional, and Lee, H.K., additional

Published
2017
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18. High-energy radiation from thunderstorms and lightning with LOFT. White Paper in Support of the Mission Concept of the Large Observatory for X-ray Timing

Author

Marisaldi, M., Smith, D. M., Brandt, Søren, Briggs, M. S., Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl, Campana, R., Carlson, B. E., Celestin, S., Connaughton, V., Cummer, S. A., Dwyer, J. R., Fishman, G. J., Fullekrug, M., Fuschino, F., Gjesteland, T., Neubert, Torsten, Østgaard, N., and Tavani, M.

Abstract

The Large Observatory for X-ray Timing, LOFT, is designed to perform fast X-ray timing and spectroscopy with uniquely large throughput (Feroci et al., 2014). LOFT focuses on two fundamental questions of ESA’s Cosmic Vision Theme “Matter under extreme conditions”: what is the equation of state of ultradense matter in neutron stars? Does matter orbiting close to the event horizon follow the predictions of general relativity? These goals are elaborated in the mission Yellow Book (http://sci.esa.int/loft/ 53447-loft-yellow-book/) describing the LOFT mission as proposed in M3, which closely resembles the LOFT mission now being proposed for M4. The extensive assessment study of LOFT as ESA’s M3 mission candidate demonstrates the high level of maturity and the technical feasibility of the mission, as well as the scientific importance of its unique core science goals. For this reason, the LOFT development has been continued, aiming at the new M4 launch opportunity, for which the M3 science goals have been confirmed. The unprecedentedly large effective area, large grasp, and spectroscopic capabilities of LOFT’s instruments make the mission capable of state-of-the-art science not only for its core science case, but also for many other open questions in astrophysics. LOFT’s primary instrument is the Large Area Detector (LAD), a 8.5m2 instrument operating in the 2–30 keV energy range, which will revolutionise studies of Galactic and extragalactic X-ray sources down to their fundamental time scales. The mission also features a Wide Field Monitor (WFM), which in the 2–50 keV range simultaneously observes more than a third of the sky at any time, detecting objects down to mCrab fluxes and providing data with excellent timing and spectral resolution. Additionally, the mission is equipped with an on-board alert system for the detection and rapid broadcasting to the ground of celestial bright and fast outbursts of X-rays (particularly, Gamma-ray Bursts). This paper is one of twelve White Papers that illustrate the unique potential of LOFT as an X-ray observatory in a variety of astrophysical fields in addition to the core science.

Published
2015

19. Testing and Performance of UFFO Burst Alert & Trigger Telescope

Author

Rípa, Jakub, Bin Kim, Min, Lee, Jik, Huang Park, Il, Eun Kim, Ji, Lim, Heuijin, Jeong, Soomin, Javier Castro-Tirado, Alberto, Henry Connell, Paul, Eyles, Chris, Brandt, Søren, and Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Ultra-Fast Flash Observatory pathfinder (UFFO-p) is a new space mission dedicated to detect Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) and rapidly follow their afterglows in order to provide early optical/ultraviolet measurements. A GRB location is determined in a few seconds by the UFFO Burst Alert & Trigger telescope (UBAT) employing the coded mask imaging technique and the detector combination of Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate (YSO) scintillating crystals and multi-anode photomultiplier tubes. The results of the laboratory tests of UBAT’s functionality and performance are described in this article. The detector setting, the pixel-to-pixel response to X-rays of different energies, the imaging capability for

Published
2014

21. Design and Fabrication of Detector Module for UFFO Burst Alert & Trigger Telescope

Author

Jung, A., Ahmad, S., Ahn, K. -B., Barrillon, P., Blin-Bondil, S., Brandt, Søren, Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl, CaStro-Tirado, A. J., Chen, P., Choi, H. S., Choi, Y. J., Connell, P., Dagoret-Campagne, S., De La Taille, C., Eyles, C., Grossan, B., Hermann, I., Huang, M. -H. A., Jeong, S., Kim, J. E., Kim, S. -W., Kim, Y. W., Lee, J., Lim, H., Linder, E. V., Liu, T. -C., Lund, Niels, Min, K. W., Na, G. W., Nam, J. W., Nam, K. H., Panasyuk, M. I., Park, I. H., Reglero, V., Rodrigo, J. M., Smoot, G. F., Suh, Y. D., Svertilov, S., Vedenkin, N., Wang, M. -Z, Yashin, I., Zhao, M. H., and Collaboration, For The Uffo

Subjects
Detector module (DM), Slewing Mirror Telescope (SMT), UFFO Burst Alert & Trigger telescope (UBAT), Multi-anode photo multipliers, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Ultra-Fast Flash Observatory (UFFO) pathfinder, Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), Coded-mask, LYSO
Abstract

The Ultra-Fast Flash Observatory (UFFO) pathfinder is a space mission devoted to the measurement of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), especially their early light curves which will give crucial information on the progenitor stars and central engines of the GRBs. It consists of two instruments: the UFFO Burst Alert & Trigger telescope (UBAT) for the detection of GRB locations and the Slewing Mirror Telescope (SMT) for the UV/optical afterglow observations, upon triggering by UBAT. The UBAT employs a coded-mask {\gamma}/X-ray camera with a wide field of view (FOV), and is comprised of three parts: a coded mask, a hopper, and a detector module (DM). The UBAT DM consists of a LYSO scintillator crystal array, multi-anode photo multipliers, and analog and digital readout electronics. We present here the design and fabrication of the UBAT DM, as well as its preliminary test results.

Published
2011

22. Testing and Performance of UFFO Burst Alert & Trigger Telescope

Author

Ripa, Jakub, primary, Kim, Min Bin, additional, Lee, Jik, additional, Park, Huang, additional, Kim, Eun, additional, Lim, H., additional, Jeong, Soomin, additional, Castro-Tirado, A. J., additional, Connell, Paul, additional, Eyles, Chris, additional, Reglero, Victor, additional, Rodrigo, Juana Maria, additional, Bogomolov, V., additional, Panasyuk, M. I., additional, Petrov, V., additional, Svertilov, S., additional, Yashin, I., additional, Brandt, S., additional, Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl, additional, Chang, Y., additional, Chen, P., additional, Huang, M. A., additional, Liu, T. C., additional, Nam, Jiwoo, additional, Wang, M. Z., additional, Chen, C. R., additional, Choi, H. S., additional, Kim, Soon-Wook, additional, and Min, K.W., additional

Published
2015
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24. Development of a 3D CZT detector prototype for Laue Lens telescope

Author

Caroli, Ezio, primary, Auricchio, Natalia, additional, Del Sordo, Stefano, additional, Abbene, Leonardo, additional, Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl, additional, Casini, Fabio, additional, Curado da Silva, Rui M., additional, Kuvvetlli, Irfan, additional, Milano, Luciano, additional, Natalucci, Lorenzo, additional, Quadrini, Egidio M., additional, Stephen, John B., additional, Ubertini, Pietro, additional, Zanichelli, Massimiliano, additional, and Zappettini, Andrea, additional

Published
2010
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26. Characterization of large cadmium zinc telluride crystals grown by traveling heater method

Author

Chen, H., primary, Awadalla, S. A., additional, Iniewski, K., additional, Lu, P. H., additional, Harris, F., additional, Mackenzie, J., additional, Hasanen, T., additional, Chen, W., additional, Redden, R., additional, Bindley, G., additional, Kuvvetli, Irfan, additional, Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl, additional, Luke, P., additional, Amman, M., additional, Lee, J. S., additional, Bolotnikov, A. E., additional, Camarda, G. S., additional, Cui, Y., additional, Hossain, A., additional, and James, R. B., additional

Published
2008
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27. Large-volume high-resolution cadmium zinc telluride radiation detectors: recent developments

Author

Chen, H., primary, Awadalla, S. A., additional, Iniewski, K., additional, Lu, P. H., additional, Harris, F., additional, Mackenzie, J., additional, Hasanen, T., additional, Chen, W., additional, Redden, R., additional, Bindley, G., additional, Kuvvetli, Irfan, additional, Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl, additional, Luke, P., additional, Amman, M., additional, Lee, J. S., additional, Bolotnikov, A. E., additional, Camarda, G. S., additional, Cui, Y., additional, Hossain, A., additional, and James, R. B., additional

Published
2007
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29. A focal plane detector design for a wide-band Laue-lens telescope.

Author

von Ballmoos, Peter, Caroli, Ezio, Auricchio, Natalia, Amati, Lorenzo, Bezsmolnyy, Yuriy, Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl, Curado da Silva, Rui M., Frontera, Filippo, Pisa, Alessandro, Del Sordo, Stefano, Stephen, John B., and Ventura, Giulio

Abstract

The energy range above 60 keV is important for the study of many open problems in high energy astrophysics such as the role of Inverse Compton with respect to synchrotron or thermal processes in GRBs, non thermal mechanisms in SNR, the study of the high energy cut-offs in AGN spectra, and the detection of nuclear and annihilation lines. Recently the development of high energy Laue lenses with broad energy bandpasses from 60 to 600 keV have been proposed for a Hard X ray focusing Telescope (HAXTEL) in order to study the X-ray continuum of celestial sources. The required focal plane detector should have high detection efficiency over the entire operative range, a spatial resolution of about 1 mm, an energy resolution of a few keV at 500 keV and a sensitivity to linear polarization. We describe a possible configuration of the focal plane detector based on several CdTe/CZT pixelated layers stacked together to achieve the required detection efficiency at high energy. Each layer can operate both as a separate position sensitive detector and polarimeter or work with other layers to increase the overall photopeak efficiency. Each layer has a hexagonal shape in order to minimize the detector surface required to cover the lens field of view. The pixels would have the same geometry so as to provide the best coupling with the lens point spread function and to increase the symmetry for polarimetric studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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31. Characterization of CZT Detectors for the ASIM Mission.

Author

Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl, Kuvvetli, Irfan, Skogseide, Yngve, Ullaland, Kjetil, and Ostgaard, Nikolai

Subjects
*CADMIUM compounds, *X-rays in industry, *GAMMA rays, *DETECTORS, *NUCLEAR science
Abstract

The National Space Institute, of the Technical University of Denmark is responsible for the selection and characterization of the CZT detector crystals for the X- and Gamma-ray instrument, MXGS, onboard ESA's Atmospheric Space Interaction Monitor (ASIM) mission. The first CZT pixel detector modules for MXGS have recently been delivered by Redlen. Measurements at the University of Bergen demonstrate that the detectors exhibit the expected spectral performance; however, it was also found that the detector modules showed unexplained pixel-to-pixel count rate variations. At The National Space Institute a series of measurements were initiated focusing on the pixel-to-pixel count rate variations. Collimated monochromatic X-ray beams were used to scan a number of Redlen pixel detectors. The main conclusion of these measurements is that the pixel-to-pixel count rate variations are correlated with variations in the effective pixel areas. These variations are likely related to non-uniformity of the internal electric detector field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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32. Pixelated CdZnTe Drift Detectors.

Author

Kuvvetli, Irfan and Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl

Subjects
*DETECTORS, *ENGINEERING instruments, *GAMMA rays, *X-rays, *PHYSICS instruments, *ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
Abstract

A technique, the so-called Drift Strip Method (DSM), for improving the CdZnTe detector energy response to hard X-rays and gamma-rays was applied as a pixel geometry. First tests have confirmed that this detector type provides excellent energy resolution and imaging performance. We specifically report on the performance of 3 mm thick prototype CZT drift pixel detectors fabricated using material from eV-products. We discuss issues associated with detector module performance. Characterization results obtained from several prototype drift pixel detectors are presented. Results of position and energy resolution measurements, charge sharing and IV-measurements are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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33. Fast-neutron total and scattering cross sections of58Ni

Author

Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl, Guenther, Peter T., Smith, Alan B., and Whalen, James F.

Abstract

Neutron total cross sections of58Ni were measured at 25 keV intervals from 0.9 to 4.5 MeV with 50–100 keV resolutions. Attention was given to self-shielding corrections to the observed total cross sections. Differential elastic- and inelastic-scattering cross sections were measured at 50 keV intervals from 1.35 to 4.0 MeV with 50–100 keV resolutions. Inelastic excitation of levels at 1.458±0.009, 2.462+-0.010, 2.791±0.015, 2.927+-0.012 and 3.059+-0.025 MeV was observed. The experimental results were interpreted in terms of optical-statistical and coupled-channels models.

Published
1982
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34. The First Terrestrial Electron Beam Observed by The Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM).

Author

Sarria, David, Kochkin, Pavlo, Østgaard, Nikolai, Carlson, Brant, Mezentsev, Andrey, Lehtinen, Nikolai, Marisaldi, Martino, Maiorana, Carolina, Albrechtsen, Kjetill, Torsten, Neubert, Reglero, Victor, Ullaland, Kjetill, Yang, Shiming, Genov, Georgi, Qureshi, Bilal Hasan, Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl, Kuvvetli, Irfan, Christiansen, Freddy, Chanrion, Olivier, and Heumesser, Matthias

Published
2019

35. Catching Element Formation In The Act

Author

Fryer, Chris L., Timmes, Frank, Hungerford, Aimee L., Couture, Aaron, Adams, Fred, Aoki, Wako, Arcones, Almudena, Arnett, David, Auchettl, Katie, Avila, Melina, Badenes, Carles, Baron, Eddie, Bauswein, Andreas, Beacom, John, Blackmon, Jeff, Blondin, Stéphane, Bloser, Peter, Boggs, Steve, Boss, Alan, Brandt, Terri, Bravo, Eduardo, Brown, E., Brown, Peter, Bruenn, Steve, Budtz-Jørgensen, Carl, Burns, Eric, Calder, Alan, Caputo, Regina, Champagne, Art, Chevalier, Roger, Chieffi, Alessandro, Chipps, Kelly, Cinabro, David, Clarkson, Ondrea, Clayton, Don, Coc, Alain, Connolly, Devin, Conroy, Charlie, Côté, Benoit, Couch, Sean, Dauphas, Nicolas, deBoer, Richard James, Deibel, Catherine, Denisenkov, Pavel, Desch, Steve, Dessart, Luc, Diehl, Roland, Doherty, Carolyn, Domínguez, Inma, Dong, Subo, Dwarkadas, Vikram, Fan, Doreen, Fields, Brian, Fields, Carl, Filippenko, Alex, Fisher, Robert, Foucart, Francois, Fransson, Claes, Fröhlich, Carla, Fuller, George, Gibson, Brad, Giryanskaya, Viktoriya, Görres, Joachim, Goriely, Stéphane, Grebenev, Sergei, Grefenstette, Brian, Grohs, Evan, Guillochon, James, Harpole, Alice, Harris, Chelsea, Austin Harris, J., Harrison, Fiona, Hartmann, Dieter, Hashimoto, Masa-aki, Heger, Alexander, Hernanz, Margarita, Herwig, Falk, Hirschi, Raphael, Hix, Raphael William, Höflich, Peter, Hoffman, Robert, Holcomb, Cole, Hsiao, Eric, Iliadis, Christian, Janiuk, Agnieszka, Janka, Thomas, Jerkstrand, Anders, Johns, Lucas, Jones, Samuel, José, Jordi, Kajino, Toshitaka, Karakas, Amanda, Karpov, Platon, Kasen, Dan, Kierans, Carolyn, Kippen, Marc, Korobkin, Oleg, Kobayashi, Chiaki, Kozma, Cecilia, Krot, Saha, Kumar, Pawan, Kuvvetli, Irfan, Laird, Alison, Laming, (John) Martin, Larsson, Josefin, Lattanzio, John, Lattimer, James, Leising, Mark, Lennarz, Annika, Lentz, Eric, Limongi, Marco, Lippuner, Jonas, Livne, Eli, Lloyd-Ronning, Nicole, Longland, Richard, Lopez, Laura A., Lugaro, Maria, Lutovinov, Alexander, Madsen, Kristin, Malone, Chris, Matteucci, Francesca, McEnery, Julie, Meisel, Zach, Messer, Bronson, Metzger, Brian, Meyer, Bradley, Meynet, Georges, Mezzacappa, Anthony, Miller, Jonah, Miller, Richard, Milne, Peter, Misch, Wendell, Mitchell, Lee, Mösta, Philipp, Motizuki, Yuko, Müller, Bernhard, Mumpower, Matthew, Murphy, Jeremiah, Nagataki, Shigehiro, Nakar, Ehud, Nomoto, Ken'ichi, Nugent, Peter, Nunes, Filomena, O'Shea, Brian, Oberlack, Uwe, Pain, Steven, Parker, Lucas, Perego, Albino, Pignatari, Marco, Pinedo, Gabriel Martínez, Plewa, Tomasz, Poznanski, Dovi, Priedhorsky, William, Pritychenko, Boris, Radice, David, Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico, Rauscher, Thomas, Reddy, Sanjay, Rehm, Ernst, Reifarth, Rene, Richman, Debra, Ricker, Paul, Rijal, Nabin, Roberts, Luke, Röpke, Friedrich, Rosswog, Stephan, Ruiter, Ashley J., Ruiz, Chris, Savin, Daniel Wolf, Schatz, Hendrik, Schneider, Dieter, Schwab, Josiah, Seitenzahl, Ivo, Shen, Ken, Siegert, Thomas, Sim, Stuart, Smith, David, Smith, Karl, Smith, Michael, Sollerman, Jesper, Sprouse, Trevor, Spyrou, Artemis, Starrfield, Sumner, Steiner, Andrew, Strong, Andrew W., Sukhbold, Tuguldur, Suntzeff, Nick, Surman, Rebecca, Tanimori, Toru, The, Lih-Sin, Thielemann, Friedrich-Karl, Tolstov, Alexey, Tominaga, Nozomu, Tomsick, John, Townsley, Dean, Tsintari, Pelagia, Tsygankov, Sergey, Vartanyan, David, Venters, Tonia, Vestrand, Tom, Vink, Jacco, Waldman, Roni, Wang, Lifang, Wang, Xilu, Warren, MacKenzie, West, Christopher, Craig Wheeler, J., Wiescher, Michael, Winkler, Christoph, Winter, Lisa, Wolf, Bill, Woolf, Richard, Woosley, Stan, Wu, Jin, Wrede, Chris, Yamada, Shoichi, Young, Patrick, Zegers, Remco, Zingale, Michael, and Portegies Zwart, Simon

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), astro-ph.HE, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Gamma-ray astronomy explores the most energetic photons in nature to address some of the most pressing puzzles in contemporary astrophysics. It encompasses a wide range of objects and phenomena: stars, supernovae, novae, neutron stars, stellar-mass black holes, nucleosynthesis, the interstellar medium, cosmic rays and relativistic-particle acceleration, and the evolution of galaxies. MeV gamma-rays provide a unique probe of nuclear processes in astronomy, directly measuring radioactive decay, nuclear de-excitation, and positron annihilation. The substantial information carried by gamma-ray photons allows us to see deeper into these objects, the bulk of the power is often emitted at gamma-ray energies, and radioactivity provides a natural physical clock that adds unique information. New science will be driven by time-domain population studies at gamma-ray energies. This science is enabled by next-generation gamma-ray instruments with one to two orders of magnitude better sensitivity, larger sky coverage, and faster cadence than all previous gamma-ray instruments. This transformative capability permits: (a) the accurate identification of the gamma-ray emitting objects and correlations with observations taken at other wavelengths and with other messengers; (b) construction of new gamma-ray maps of the Milky Way and other nearby galaxies where extended regions are distinguished from point sources; and (c) considerable serendipitous science of scarce events -- nearby neutron star mergers, for example. Advances in technology push the performance of new gamma-ray instruments to address a wide set of astrophysical questions., 14 pages including 3 figures

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