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The growth in Vietnamese consumption and development has led to the expansion of the pig sector and increased competition from other markets. The study included 260 small-scale pig producers selected through a random sampling method. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the impact of (1) social profiles on innovations at pig farms and (2) innovations on the competitiveness at pig farms. The findings revealed that predominantly male farmers, with an average age of 50 and a mean experience of 10 years. A total of 60% did not utilize new innovations for production, although they did have access to knowledge on the pig market. The survey found that production innovations received the greatest ranking compared to other innovations while market innovation were the lowest one. About 70% of farms exhibited a high level of competitiveness, while no farms were found to have a poor level of competitiveness. The study observed that gender, education, occupation, experience, and pig units affected innovation scores. Enhancing the perception of market innovation and organizational innovation leads to a higher degree of competitiveness for farmers. It can be concluded that competitiveness is influenced by innovations, and their farms were competitive based on self-evaluation. Keywords: Pig farming, innovation, competitiveness, sustainable development, social demographics, farm management.

Local chickens have considerable potential to be developed and are reared as a source of animal protein and income. The production of local chickens is distributed across Minahasa Regency under a traditional free-ranging system. This study aims to assess the base area of local chicken farming and to determine the distribution of the superior commodity through the growth and share of local chicken production. Assessing the base area of the region for local chicken production can serve as the basis for the evaluation and design of policies. This study utilized a location quotient (LQ) approach in the empirical works in the regency and district. This analytical tool was applied to analyze the dynamics of the economic base in the cases of districts in Minahasa Regency, Indonesia. The analysis results denoted that 17 of 25 districts in Minahasa Regency ranked among the top base areas for local chicken development, as indicated by the highest LQ coefficients. Concerning the district potential base area, three districts fell into the superior category, four districts belonged to the static category, and 15 districts were in the potential category. This evidence reflects the potential and prospects of local chicken farming and its development plans as a leading commodity in Minahasa Regency. Encouraging farmers to maintain and develop livestock enterprises could support the provision of animal protein for consumption. There has been hope for the future of the local chicken commodity thanks to its inclusive development in resource-rich base areas.

Goats and sheep are small ruminants with positive growth values in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province (DIY). Goats and sheep development in DIY is necessary since these two livestock might be profitable to farmers. Information media have a significant role in disseminating knowledge and innovation to farmers quickly and effectively. However, information access fulfillment for the farmers is the weakness of livestock development. The aims of this research are to analyze farmers’ information media preferences and the factors influencing them. The information media in this study are dummy, namely person media with code zero (0) and ICT media with code one (1). The data was collected through a survey method that involved face-to-face structured questionnaire interviews to goat and sheep farmers in DIY who have at least one year of experience raising goat and or sheep. Farmers in DIY used personal media as their primary information source (86.42%), with fellow farmers being the most popular choice among farmers. Only 13.58% of farmers choose ICTs, with mobile phones being the preferred ICT over computers, radio, and television. The preference for using ICT is influenced by farmer characteristics: age (p < 0.01), livestock experience (p < 0.05), costs (p < 0.1), and ICT number (p < 0.05). Information dissemination using ICT media will be more appropriate for young farmers who are just starting their business.

This study aims to analyze the livestock subsector policy in Purworejo Regency in the 2016-2021 period and determine the leading subsector in the agricultural sector that can be developed in Purworejo Regency. This study uses descriptive analysis methods and quantitative analysis to determine the role of the livestock sub-sector by calculating Location Question (LQ), Shift Share (SS), and Klassen Typology. The results of this study indicate that policies in the livestock sub-sector, namely optimizing the livestock sub-sector and limiting large-scale livestock business activities in residential areas, are supported by 2 programs, namely the program to increase livestock production and the application of agricultural technology. The second policy is the application of superior agro-input and Agro Farm commodities supported by the Agricultural and Livestock Commodity Agribusiness program. The results of the Location Quotient (LQ) analysis of the livestock sub-sector are 1.24 including the base sector, meaning that the sector plays a more important role in the economy in an area compared to the area above it and is an important sub-sector in Purworejo district. The results of the shift-share analysis showed a negative result (-0.33) which was further analyzed by the Klassen Typology method, the livestock sub-sector is in quadrant III, which means it is a rapidly growing sub-sector but the sector's competitiveness is low compared to other sectors. This sector is included in the base sector, meaning that the sector plays a more important role in the economy in a region compared to the area above it and is an important sub-sector in the Purworejo district. The results of the shift-share analysis showed a negative result (-0.33) which was further analyzed by the Klassen Typology method, the livestock sub-sector is in quadrant III, which means it is a rapidly growing sub-sector but the sector's competitiveness is low compared to other sectors. This sector is included in the base sector, meaning that the sector plays a more important role in the economy in a region compared to the area above it and is an important sub-sector in the Purworejo district. The results of the shift-share analysis showed a negative result (-0.33) which was further analyzed by the Klassen Typology method, the livestock sub-sector is in quadrant III, which means it is a rapidly growing sub sector but the sector's competitiveness is low compared to other sectors.

Ascorbic acid, widely known as vtamin C, is an essential nutrient for animals such as poultry. Ascorbic acid in poultry feed improves animal health and thus increases the growth performance of birds. Ascorbic acid can be used in the form of synthetic products or can be naturally obtained from fruits and plants. It is soluble in water and can be easily administered in drinking water and the diet. Poultry can synthesize ascorbic acid in the body. However, the performance of the animals can be improved by adding ascorbic acid to their diet. In addition, ascorbic acid is called an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory. This increases their resistance to disease during the transition season. Ascorbic acid supplementation positively affects the stress response, especially during the dry season in tropical countries. Furthermore, supplementing ascorbic acid in the poultry's diet improves resistance to diseases, regulates stress, and helps in the body's oxidation process. Ultimately, this enhances the laying rate, egg hatch performance, and higher poultry productivity. For layers at the end of the laying period, it helps increase the quality of the eggshell and reduces the proportion of broken eggs. Ascorbic acid has a strong relationship with other vitamins such as vitamin E and other substances such as zinc, safflower oil, folic acid, and a fibrous diet. This review aims to synthesize all the information of ascorbic acid in the poultry's diet, thereby providing the general role of ascorbic acid for the poultry industry.

Kemandirian menjadi isu penting bagi komunitas peternak di Indonesia. Dalam hal ini akan dibahas dalam kasus proses peningkatan produksi susu berkualitas dan pengembangan peternakan sapi perah di Indonesia. Produksi susu dalam negeri di Indonesia masih belum memenuhi jumlah permintaan pasar hingga, hal ini mengakibatkan ketergantungan atas impor susu masih cukup tinggi. Oleh karena itu, tuntutan Industri Pengolahan Susu (IPS) mengharuskan peternak untuk meningkatkan produksi dan juga kualitas susu yang dihasilkan menjadi tema penting dalam pembahasan dan analisis penelitian ini. Fokus perhatian dalam penelitian menekankan pada isu kemandirian peternak. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis berdasarkan indikator pengambilan keputusan, kreativitas dan solusi pemecahan masalah. Secara khusus, penelitian ini menganalisis tingkat kemandirian peternak anggota koperasi dan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang kemandirian peternak. Penelitian menggunakan metode survey dengan jumlah sampel 52 peternak anggota Koperasi Susu Warga Mulya. Kemandirian peternak dianalisis dengan menggunakan skor, sementara untuk mengetahui pengaruh umur, pendidikan, kepemilikan betina produktif dan pengalaman beternak terhadap kemandirian peternak sapi perah dilakukan uji regresi. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa peternak yang tergabung dalam Koperasi Susu Warga Mulya mayoritas memiliki kemandirian dalam kategori sedang. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat dijelaskan bahwa peternak memiliki kemandirian yang cukup dalam menjalankan usahanya. Meskipun demikian, peternak masih memiliki kendala besar terkait pengambilan keputusan penetapan harga jual susu. Hal ini dikarenakan peternak tidak memiliki kemandirian untuk menentukan harga jual susu.

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid for all animals that was discovered through casein hydrolysis. The use of tryptophan as feed additives has been attracting the attention of many nutritionists because it cannot be synthesized enough in an animal's body. Tryptophan or precursor to the vitamin niacin in the diet is important, and its supplementation for poultry is determined to improve the amino acid balance and promote the poultry's growth performance through enhancing appetite, feed efficiency, and protein synthesis. Moreover, poultry in different growth phases, breeding, and conditions require various amounts of tryptophan. In addition, supplemented tryptophan also improves the immune response or the immunomodulatory activity of poultry to various diseases through the kynurenine pathway, especially diseases in the bursa. Furthermore, tryptophan also has a strong relationship with lysine (the ideal tryptophan/lysine ratio) in improving growth performance. However, tryptophan deficiency could affect the behavioral responses (e.g. pecking behavior and poultry stress) because tryptophan serves as a precursor for the neurotransmitter serotonin and the pineal hormone melatonin in the diet. This paper tried to summarize all information about applying tryptophan in the diets and illustrate the roles of tryptophan in the poultry industry.

This study was aimed to evaluate the characteristics and productivity of pasture for semi-intensive cattle system in South Konawe Regency during dry season. The study was conducted in August-September 2019 as dry season based on the weather condition and was determine by Department of Statistics Center of South Konawe Regency. A total of 55 selected smallholder farmers in two areas in South Konawe Regency, namely West Ranomento (30) and Konda (25) Districts. Data were obtained by interview to find out the farmers profile and pasture characteristics. Production was measured by forage sampling (1x1m) to calculate annual production. Samples were proximately analyzed to calculate dry matter production and the carrying capacity. Data were analyzed descriptively and statistically with an independent sample t-test. The botanical composition in both locations was highly dominated (>90%) by field grasses. The grassland ownership was not different between two areas. Grassland ownership at West Ranomento and Konda were 0.78±0.14 and 0.21±0.04 Ha/farmer, respectively. The pasture production between West Ranomento (2.27±0.10 ton/ha) and Konda District (1.76±0.05 ton/ha) was significantly different (p

The purpose of this study was to analyze the performance of milk production, total milk revenue and reproduction indicators of Friesian Holstein Crossbred cows maintained under smallholder’s management system of 122 cows in DIY Province and 345 cows in East Java Province, Indonesia. The study was conducted with survey method and direct observation. A total of 180 Friesian Holstein Crossbred farmers (90 farmers were in DIY and another 90 farmers were from East Java Province) was randomly selected and interviewed used structured questionnaire to assess the milk production, total milk revenue and indicators of reproduction of Friesian Holstein Crossbred cows. The result of the study showed that the average mature equivalent of milk production was 3,810.21±920.10 L/lactation in DIY and 3,717.79±818.44 L/lactation in East Java Province, and the total milk revenue was 12,401,917.87±2.48 IDR per lactation in DIY and 14,647,217.80±3.05 IDR per lactation in East Java Province; day to first mating (postpartum mating), services per conception and days open were 62.34±29.24 days, 2.60±1.32 and 88.58±34.43 days in DIY and 60.62±23.07 days, 2.46±1.26 and 88.67±28.86 days in East Java Province. Based on total milk revenue, the conclusion of this study was Friesian Holstein Crossbred cows maintained under smallholder’s management system in East Java Province better than those in Yogyakarta province (DIY). The mature equivalent of milk production and reproduction indicators of dairy cows (postpartum mating, service per conception and days open) from both provinces showed no significant differences and the value of each parameter reproduction indicators is still within the normal range.

Culture appears in all contexts of human life, included in the government's communication policy. The aim of this study is to verify the influence of the cultural dimension toward the communication policy of relocating street vendors by the Government of Yogyakarta City in 2004 to 2010. This study used 258 vendors who had been relocated as the sample. The data analysis used of this study was quantitative with the double regression analysis test. The results of this study showed that the cultural dimension have a significant effect toward the communication of relocation policy of Street Vendors in Yogyakarta. It can be seen from the F-count (71,536) > F-table (4,710), t-count (18,625) > t-table (1,960) with a significance level of 0.000 (α < 0,05). The regression determination coefficient (R2) showed that the communication of relocation policy of street vendors in Yogyakarta is influenced by the cultural dimension, that is about 0,600, or 60%, while the rest is about 40% due to other variables outside of the model studied.Keywords: cultural dimension; communication; relocation policy; street vendor

The value of cultural wisdom that exist in the society in Kaur District, Bengkulu Province, could be applied in the form of verbal message. They believe that verbal messages, which are used, are convinced by community as a heritage that could become a social regulation. The lack of communication between government and the community becomes the factor in implementing these values. The lack of attention from the government put culture seemed to be an obstacle factor in development. Documenting the local knowledge of community related to cultural values became a problem in contributing to the development. This verbal messages are called as larangan jurai and used by the community in the Napal Hijau village, Muara Sahung, Kaur District, Bengkulu Province. Larangan jurai contains regulations to communicate with each other, culture, and the Creator. This study gives an overview about manners, habits, behaviours, and customs as social regulations in the community. The community believed that larangan jurai could be able to give the contribution of development in various fields.

The purpose of this study to determine the level of participation, identify the factors that influence the participation of farmers and to analysis the effect of participation in the Scholars develop village or Sarjana Membangun Desa (SMD) program. The research was conducted on a group of beef cattle in the SMD program Bantul Yogyakarta Province. Primary data were collected by survey method using questionnaire interviews on 8 SMD groups consisting of 42 members. Analysis of the level of participation of farmers using discriptive analysis, while to analysis factors that affect the participation of farmers and the influence of participation to the success of the program was used multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS tools for windows 16. The result analysis shows that farmers level participation in planning, 71.43% farmers had low participation; 59.52% farmers in the implementation stage had participation that was middle level. On stage of evaluation 54.76% farmers had low participation and in stage sharing benefits 50% farmers had low participation. Success of the program SMD viewed from population cattle declined from 184 head to 107 head, while the existing capital in the group also decreased from IDR 2.904.000.000 to IDR 1.182.000.000 seen from number of members group declined from 185 farmers being 114 farmers. Regression analysis showed that age, occupation, level of formal education, non-formal education, long became members of the group, farming experience, family income, number of dependents, land holdings, cosmopolitan, group motivation, the role of SMD, and the role of agency participation of farmers had not been able to explain the participation of farmers and the value of R2 value of 0.132 (13.2%). Partially no factor capable of affecting farmers participation. Further results of the regression analysis with the participation of relationship success SMD program showed no effect with R2 value of 0.01.

This research aimed to determine the relationship between farmer characteristics including age, education level, farming experience, side income, number of dependent family member, and farmer's business scale with the motivation of goat milking in Girikerto Village, Turi District, Sleman Regency. The type of this research was quantitative explanatory, that was the type of research explaining the nature of the relationship and examining the relationship between farmer characteristics with milking motivation. The research method used a household survey of farmers with the help of questionnaires. The number of respondent’s sample used was 56 goat farmers with provisions using the Slovin formula. Sampling technique used Simple Random Sampling. Data were analyzed by Product Moment correlation. The results showed that the variables of age, farming experience, and business scale had a significant relationship with the motivation of goat milking, while the variables of education, side job and a number of dependents had no significant relationship with the motivation of milking. Farmer’s motivation to milk goats could be increased in line with increasing the age and experience of farmers. The motivation of milking goats could also be increased by increasing the number of livestock ownership, especially the ownership of lactating goats.

This research was conducted to study the elements and value chain of milk-processing cluster industry in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The respondent in this study consisted of cow and goats milk processing industry, dairy cooperative and related institution. The data consisted of primary data and secondary data. Primary data were collected through observation and interviews, while secondary data obtained from statistical data from Department of Industry, Trade and Cooperatives, Agricultural Service of Agriculture Department and LPPOM MUI DIY. Descriptive analysis were used in this study to analyzed the data. Respondent and locations were determined using purposive sampling methods lead to be analyse descriptively. The results showed that stakeholders involved as important elements of milkprocessing cluster industry were milk suppliers (farmer, dairy groups, and cooperative), core industry (small-medium scale processor of cow’s and goat milk), supporting industry (sugar, packaging and tools), supporting institution (bank, university, and government agencies), related industry (food chain, bakery, and coffee shop), and also buyers (retailer, distributor, end user or consumer). Their main products are pasteurized cow’s and goat milk, yoghurt of cow’s milk, and goat milk powder. The long chains to produce milk product since the raw milk have indicated some added values on economy and involvement of man powers leading to local economic development as well as of technology innovation or industry. It has been concluded that milk-processing cluster industry could be used as a locomotive for regional economics development. (Key words: Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Elements, Milk-processing cluster industry, Regional economic development, Value chain)

This study was aimed to formulate strategies for increasing adoption innovation in the smallholder dairy farms. The study was conducted in May to July 2015. The research was conducted using survey method. The selection of respondents was conducted using multi-stage sampling to 270 dairy smallholder farmers in Yogyakarta Region, Central, and East Java Provinces. The method used was descriptive qualitative by using SWOT analysis (strength, weakness, opportunity and threat). The results of the research which is to optimize resources; provide a clear and continuous information about innovation; facilitate access to information by extending the dissemination of information; provide mentoring programs, counseling, and training with a demonstration of the innovation; increase the participation of dairy farmers; strengthen institutional dairy farmers; seek a tool to support innovation together; improve the quality of extension, media, and the delivery of information; and optimize government and NGO aid.

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bjectives of this research were to analyze the characteristic of social demography of farmer’s participated in program and to carryout assessment. The implementation of agribusiness development program of beef cattle farming in Sekadau Regency. This research was conducted from August until October 2009. One hundred and eight farmers participated in the program as respondents, selected by proportionate random sampling method, from five villages, locations of the program of livestock grant. Data of increasing population, number of investor, social demography characteristic of respondents and income contribution from beef cattle farming were analyzed by quantitative descriptive. Data of program implementation process, input and program implementation were analyzed by qualitative descriptive. Result showed that the beef cattle population increased about 152 heads and the investor increased about 58 investors, respondent characteristics were age was 42.30±5.87 years old, majority of education level was on elementary school 43.52%, length of farming experience was 1.61±1,20 years, averages of cattle owning 1.88±1.05 Livestock Unit (LU), the number of family support 3.36±1.15 head, and averages of time allocation of farming 0.078±0.082 HOK/LU/day, average income contribution from beef cattle farming was rangery from 8.21-24.09%. Program’s socialization in Sekadau Regency was not effective because many of the farmers had not fully understood about the objective and the implementation of the program, there was a distortion on the selection of farmers who received livestock grant, farmer groups were not established based on the rule, were not involved members the arrangement of group business plan, breed determination and cattle specification, cattle’s specifications were not suitable with the condition. On the implementation step, there was a distortion of the fund, cattle specification and cost burden to the member, difference on mechanism of livestock grant revolving in each village. The increase of beef cattle population had not reached the determined target. It could be concluded that the implementation of agribusiness development program in Sekadau Regency has not been optimal. (Keywords: Social demography characteristic, Program implementation, Beef cattle)

The study was aimed to identify and to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that faced the city of Samarinda in fulfilling the egg need and to formulate the best and suitable strategy for the region to face the shortage of egg supply. The study was conducted in November 2009. The method used in the study was descriptive analysis method. Methods of data collection using questionnaires, interviews, observation and literature study. Methods of data analysis using the SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) were used to identify the internal environmental factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external environmental factors (opportunities and threats) areas. The result was then drawn in the quadrant analysis of SWOT and interpreted in the SWOT matrix could be to show the position and direction of regional development as well as alternative strategies that can be run. The results showed that internal identified value was 0.3922 and the external identified value was 0.0308. Development strategy at Samarinda in the first quadrant with a strengths was greater than the opportunities, so the region must be able to use these strengths to take advantage of existing opportunities. The area should implement an aggressive growth strategy (growth oriented strategy) in order to meet the self need of eggs in the region Samarinda. (Key word: Layer, Development strategy, SWOT analysis)