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1. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Coinfection and Clinical Characteristics Among Children and Adolescents Aged <18 Years Who Were Hospitalized or Died with Influenza — United States, 2021–22 Influenza Season

Author

Adams, Katherine, Tastad, Katie J, Huang, Stacy, Ujamaa, Dawud, Kniss, Krista, Cummings, Charisse, Reingold, Arthur, Roland, Jeremy, Austin, Elizabeth, Kawasaki, Breanna, Meek, James, Yousey-Hindes, Kimberly, Anderson, Evan J, Openo, Kyle P, Reeg, Libby, Leegwater, Lauren, McMahon, Melissa, Bye, Erica, Poblete, Mayvilynne, Landis, Zachary, Spina, Nancy L, Engesser, Kerianne, Bennett, Nancy M, Gaitan, Maria A, Shiltz, Eli, Moran, Nancy, Sutton, Melissa, Abdullah, Nasreen, Schaffner, William, Talbot, H Keipp, Olsen, Kristen, Staten, Holly, Taylor, Christopher A, Havers, Fiona P, Reed, Carrie, Budd, Alicia, Garg, Shikha, O’Halloran, Alissa, and Brammer, Lynnette

Subjects
Influenza, Pediatric, Immunization, Infectious Diseases, Biodefense, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Related, Prevention, Lung, Pneumonia & Influenza, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Child, Humans, Adolescent, United States, SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, Human, Coinfection, Seasons, Prevalence, COVID-19, Death, General & Internal Medicine
Abstract

The 2022-23 influenza season shows an early rise in pediatric influenza-associated hospitalizations (1). SARS-CoV-2 viruses also continue to circulate (2). The current influenza season is the first with substantial co-circulation of influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2 (3). Although both seasonal influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2 can contribute to substantial pediatric morbidity (3-5), whether coinfection increases disease severity compared with that associated with infection with one virus alone is unknown. This report describes characteristics and prevalence of laboratory-confirmed influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 coinfections among patients aged

Published
2022

2. Wastewater Surveillance for Influenza A Virus and H5 Subtype Concurrent with the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Outbreak in Cattle and Poultry and Associated Human Cases-United States, May 12-July 13, 2024

Author

Louis, Souci, Mark-Carew, Miguella, Biggerstaff, Matthew, Yoder, Jonathan, Boehm, Alexandria B., Wolfe, Marlene K., Flood, Matthew, Peters, Susan, Stobierski, Mary Grace, Coyle, Joseph, Leslie, Matthew T., Sinner, Mallory, Nims, Dawn, Salinas, Victoria, Lustri, Layla, Bojes, Heidi, Shetty, Varun, Burnor, Elisabeth, Rabe, Angela, Ellison-Giles, Guinevere, Yu, Alexander T., Bell, Austin, Meyer, Stephanie, Lynfield, Ruth, Sutton, Melissa, Scholz, Ryan, Falender, Rebecca, Matzinger, Shannon, Wheeler, Allison, Ahmed, Farah S., Anderson, John, Harris, Kate, Walkins, Austin, Bohra, Surabhi, O'Dell, Victoria, Guidry, Virginia T., Christensen, Ariel, Moore, Zack, Wilson, Erica, Clayton, Joshua L., Parsons, Hannah, Kniss, Krista, Budd, Alicia, Mercante, Jeffrey W., Reese, Heather E., Welton, Michael, Bias, Megan, Webb, Jenna, Cornforth, Daniel, Santibanez, Scott, Soelaeman, Rieza H., Kaur, Manpreet, Kirby, Amy E., Barnes, John R., Fehrenbach, Nicole, Olsen, Sonja J., and Honein, Margaret A.

Subjects
Avian influenza -- Analysis, Milk -- Analysis, Respiratory tract diseases -- Analysis, Wastewater -- Analysis, Avian influenza viruses -- Analysis, Poultry industry -- Analysis, Cattle -- Analysis, Sewage -- Purification
Abstract

Introduction Wastewater surveillance is used to monitor human shedding of pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, at a community level and is independent of symptoms, testing access, and care-seeking behavior (1). Some sites [...]

Published
2024

4. Decreased influenza activity during the COVID-19 pandemic-United States, Australia, Chile, and South Africa, 2020.

Author

Olsen, Sonja, Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, Budd, Alicia, Brammer, Lynnette, Sullivan, Sheena, Pineda, Rodrigo, Cohen, Cheryl, and Fry, Alicia

Subjects
Australia, COVID-19, Chile, Health Policy, Humans, Influenza, Human, Pandemics, Physical Distancing, South Africa, United States
Abstract

Transplant recipients are among the groups for whom the updated recommendations for 2020–2021 influenza vaccination should generally be considered essential, notably in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Published
2020

5. Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses in U.S. Dairy Cattle and Detection of Two Human Cases--United States, 2024

Author

Garg, Shikha, Reed, Carrie, Davis, C. Todd, Uyeki, Timothy M., Behravesh, Casey Barton, Kniss, Krista, Budd, Alicia, Biggerstaff, Matthew, Adjemian, Jennifer, Barnes, John R., Kirby, Marie K., Basler, Colin, Szablewski, Christine M., Richmond-Crum, Malia, Burns, Erin, Limbago, Brandi, Daskalakis, Demetre C., Armstrong, Kimberly, Boucher, David, Shimabukuro, Tom T., Jhung, Michael A., Olsen, Sonja J., and Dugan, Vivien

Subjects
United States. Department of Agriculture, United States. Food and Drug Administration, United States. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Avian influenza -- Health aspects, Milk -- Health aspects, Avian influenza viruses -- Health aspects, Dairy cattle -- Health aspects, Dairy farming -- Health aspects, Conjunctivitis -- Health aspects, Public health -- Health aspects, Virus diseases -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

On May 24, 2024, this report was posted as an MMWR Early Release on the MMWR website (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr). Investigation and Findings Identification of Two Human Cases of Influenza A(H5) Virus [...]

Published
2024

6. Changes in Influenza and Other Respiratory Virus Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, 2020–2021

Author

Olsen, Sonja J., Winn, Amber K., Budd, Alicia P., Prill, Mila M., Steel, John, Midgley, Claire M., Kniss, Krista, Burns, Erin, Rowe, Thomas, Foust, Angela, Jasso, Gabriela, Merced-Morales, Angiezel, Davis, C. Todd, Jang, Yunho, Jones, Joyce, Daly, Peter, Gubareva, Larisa, Barnes, John, Kondor, Rebecca, Sessions, Wendy, Smith, Catherine, Wentworth, David E., Garg, Shikha, Havers, Fiona P., Fry, Alicia M., Hall, Aron J., Brammer, Lynnette, and Silk, Benjamin J.

Published
2021

9. Hospitalization Rates and Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 — COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1–30, 2020

Author

Garg, Shikha, Kim, Lindsay, Whitaker, Michael, O’Halloran, Alissa, Cummings, Charisse, Holstein, Rachel, Prill, Mila, Chai, Shua J., Kirley, Pam D., Alden, Nisha B., Kawasaki, Breanna, Yousey-Hindes, Kimberly, Niccolai, Linda, Anderson, Evan J., Openo, Kyle P., Weigel, Andrew, Monroe, Maya L., Ryan, Patricia, Henderson, Justin, Kim, Sue, Como-Sabetti, Kathy, Lynfield, Ruth, Sosin, Daniel, Torres, Salina, Muse, Alison, Bennett, Nancy M., Billing, Laurie, Sutton, Melissa, West, Nicole, Schaffner, William, Talbot, H. Keipp, Aquino, Clarissa, George, Andrea, Budd, Alicia, Brammer, Lynnette, Langley, Gayle, Hall, Aron J., and Fry, Alicia

Published
2020

11. Update : Influenza Activity — United States and Worldwide, May 19–September 28, 2019, and Composition of the 2020 Southern Hemisphere Influenza Vaccine

Author

Epperson, Scott, Davis, C. Todd, Brammer, Lynnette, Elal, Anwar Isa Abd, Ajayi, Noreen, Barnes, John, Budd, Alicia P., Burns, Erin, Daly, Peter, Dugan, Vivien G., Fry, Alicia M., Jang, Yunho, Johnson, Sara Jo, Kniss, Krista, Kondor, Rebecca, Grohskopf, Lisa A., Gubareva, Larisa, Merced-Morales, Angiezel, Sessions, Wendy, Stevens, James, Wentworth, David E., Xu, Xiyan, and Jernigan, Daniel

Published
2019

13. Update : Influenza Activity in the United States During the 2018–19 Season and Composition of the 2019–20 Influenza Vaccine

Author

Xu, Xiyan, Blanton, Lenee, Elal, Anwar Isa Abd, Alabi, Noreen, Barnes, John, Biggerstaff, Matthew, Brammer, Lynnette, Budd, Alicia P., Burns, Erin, Cummings, Charisse N., Garg, Shikha, Kondor, Rebecca, Gubareva, Larisa, Kniss, Krista, Nyanseor, Sankan, O’Halloran, Alissa, Rolfes, Melissa, Sessions, Wendy, Dugan, Vivien G., Fry, Alicia M., Wentworth, David E., Stevens, James, and Jernigan, Daniel

Published
2019

14. Update : Influenza Activity — United States, September 30, 2018–February 2, 2019

Author

Blanton, Lenee, Dugan, Vivien G., Elal, Anwar Isa Abd, Alabi, Noreen, Barnes, John, Brammer, Lynnette, Budd, Alicia P., Burns, Erin, Cummings, Charisse N., Garg, Shikha, Garten, Rebecca, Gubareva, Larisa, Kniss, Krista, Kramer, Natalie, O’Halloran, Alissa, Reed, Carrie, Rolfes, Melissa, Sessions, Wendy, Taylor, Calli, Xu, Xiyan, Fry, Alicia M., Wentworth, David E., Katz, Jacqueline, and Jernigan, Daniel

Published
2019

15. High Influenza Incidence and Disease Severity Among Children and Adolescents Aged <18 Years--United States, 2022-23 Season

Author

White, Elizabeth B., O'Halloran, Alissa, Sundaresan, Devi, Gilmer, Matthew, Threlkel, Ryan, Colon, Arielle, Tastad, Katie, Chai, Shua J., Alden, Nisha B., Yousey-Hindes, Kimberly, Openo, Kyle P., Ryan, Patricia A., Kim, Sue, Lynfield, Ruth, Spina, Nancy, Tesini, Brenda L., Martinez, Marc, Schmidt, Zachary, Sutton, Melissa, Talbot, H. Keipp, Hill, Mary, Biggerstaff, Matthew, Budd, Alicia, Garg, Shikha, Reed, Carrie, Iuliano, A. Danielle, and Bozio, Catherine H.

Subjects
United States. Department of Health and Human Services, Children -- Diseases, Vaccination, Antiviral agents, Influenza vaccines, Influenza, Health, Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists
Abstract

Introduction During the 2022-23 season, influenza activity in the United States began in early October, earlier than in most previous seasons, and returned to pre-COVID-19 levels (1). In addition, high [...]

Published
2023

17. Responding to the Return of Influenza in the United States by Applying Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Surveillance, Analysis, and Modeling to Inform Understanding of Seasonal Influenza (Preprint)

Author

Borchering, Rebecca K, primary, Biggerstaff, Matthew, additional, Brammer, Lynnette, additional, Budd, Alicia, additional, Garg, Shikha, additional, Fry, Alicia M, additional, Iuliano, A Danielle, additional, and Reed, Carrie, additional

Published
2023
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18. Influenza Activity — United States, September 30–December 1, 2018

Author

Budd, Alicia P., Elal, Anwar Isa Abd, Alabi, Noreen, Barnes, John, Blanton, Lenee, Brammer, Lynnette, Burns, Erin, Cummings, Charisse N., Dugan, Vivien G., Garg, Shikha, Garten, Rebecca, Grohskopf, Lisa A., Gubareva, Larisa, Kniss, Krista, Kramer, Natalie, O’Halloran, Alissa, Sessions, Wendy, Taylor, Calli, Wentworth, David E., Xu, Xiyan, Fry, Alicia M., Katz, Jacqueline, and Jernigan, Daniel

Published
2018

19. Update : Influenza Activity — United States and Worldwide, May 20–October 13, 2018

Author

Chow, Eric J., Davis, C. Todd, Elal, Anwar Isa Abd, Alabi, Noreen, Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, Barnes, John, Blanton, Lenee, Brammer, Lynnette, Budd, Alicia P., Burns, Erin, Davis, William W., Dugan, Vivien G., Fry, Alicia M., Garten, Rebecca, Grohskopf, Lisa A., Gubareva, Larisa, Jang, Yunho, Jones, Joyce, Kniss, Krista, Lindstrom, Stephen, Mustaquim, Desiree, Porter, Rachael, Rolfes, Melissa, Sessions, Wendy, Taylor, Calli, Wentworth, David E., Xu, Xiyan, Zanders, Natosha, Katz, Jacqueline, and Jernigan, Daniel

Published
2018

20. Update : Influenza Activity in the United States During the 2017–18 Season and Composition of the 2018–19 Influenza Vaccine

Author

Garten, Rebecca, Blanton, Lenee, Elal, Anwar Isa Abd, Alabi, Noreen, Barnes, John, Biggerstaff, Matthew, Brammer, Lynnette, Budd, Alicia P., Burns, Erin, Cummings, Charisse N., Davis, Todd, Garg, Shikha, Gubareva, Larisa, Jang, Yunho, Kniss, Krista, Kramer, Natalie, Lindstrom, Stephen, Mustaquim, Desiree, O’Halloran, Alissa, Sessions, Wendy, Taylor, Calli, Xu, Xiyan, Dugan, Vivien G., Fry, Alicia M., Wentworth, David E., Katz, Jacqueline, and Jernigan, Daniel

Published
2018

21. Update : Influenza Activity — United States, October 1, 2017–February 3, 2018

Author

Budd, Alicia P., Wentworth, David E., Blanton, Lenee, Elal, Anwar Isa Abd, Alabi, Noreen, Barnes, John, Brammer, Lynnette, Burns, Erin, Cummings, Charisse N., Davis, Todd, Flannery, Brendan, Fry, Alicia M., Garg, Shikha, Garten, Rebecca, Gubareva, Larisa, Jang, Yunho, Kniss, Krista, Kramer, Natalie, Lindstrom, Stephen, Mustaquim, Desiree, O’Halloran, Alissa, Olsen, Sonja J., Sessions, Wendy, Taylor, Calli, Xu, Xiyan, Dugan, Vivien G., Katz, Jacqueline, and Jernigan, Daniel

Published
2018

22. Update : Influenza Activity in the United States During the 2016–17 Season and Composition of the 2017–18 Influenza Vaccine

Author

Blanton, Lenee, Alabi, Noreen, Mustaquim, Desiree, Taylor, Calli, Kniss, Krista, Kramer, Natalie, Budd, Alicia, Garg, Shikha, Cummings, Charisse N., Chung, Jessie, Flannery, Brendan, Fry, Alicia M., Sessions, Wendy, Garten, Rebecca, Xu, Xiyan, Elal, Anwar Isa Abd, Gubareva, Larisa, Barnes, John, Dugan, Vivien, Wentworth, David E., Burns, Erin, Katz, Jacqueline, Jernigan, Daniel, and Brammer, Lynnette

Published
2017

23. Update : Influenza Activity — United States, October 2, 2016–February 4, 2017

Author

Blanton, Lenee, Mustaquim, Desiree, Alabi, Noreen, Kniss, Krista, Kramer, Natalie, Budd, Alicia, Garg, Shikha, Cummings, Charisse N., Fry, Alicia M., Bresee, Joseph, Sessions, Wendy, Garten, Rebecca, Xu, Xiyan, Elal, Anwar Isa Abd, Gubareva, Larisa, Barnes, John, Wentworth, David E., Burns, Erin, Katz, Jacqueline, Jernigan, Daniel, and Brammer, Lynnette

Published
2017

24. Update : Influenza Activity — United States, October 2–December 17, 2016

Author

Shang, Mei, Blanton, Lenee, Kniss, Krista, Mustaquim, Desiree, Alabi, Noreen, Barnes, Stephen, Budd, Alicia, Davlin, Stacy L., Kramer, Natalie, Garg, Shikha, Cummings, Charisse N., Flannery, Brendan, Fry, Alicia M., Grohskopf, Lisa A., Olsen, Sonja J., Bresee, Joseph, Sessions, Wendy, Garten, Rebecca, Xu, Xiyan, Elal, Anwar Isa Abd, Gubareva, Larisa, Barnes, John, Wentworth, David E., Burns, Erin, Katz, Jacqueline, Jernigan, Daniel, and Brammer, Lynnette

Published
2016

25. Update : Influenza Activity — United States and Worldwide, May 22–September 10, 2016

Author

Budd, Alicia, Blanton, Lenee, Kniss, Krista, Smith, Sophie, Mustaquim, Desiree, Davlin, Stacy L., Kramer, Natalie, Flannery, Brendan, Fry, Alicia M., Grohskopf, Lisa A., Olsen, Sonja J., Bresee, Joseph, Sessions, Wendy, Garten, Rebecca, Xu, Xiyan, Elal, Anwar Isa Abd, Gubareva, Larisa, Barnes, John, Wentworth, David E., Burns, Erin, Katz, Jacqueline, Jernigan, Daniel, and Brammer, Lynnette

Published
2016

26. Influenza Activity and Composition of the 2022-23 Influenza Vaccine--United States, 2021-22 Season

Author

Merced-Morales, Angiezel, Daly, Peter, Elal, Anwar Isa Abd, Ajayi, Noreen, Annan, Ekow, Budd, Alicia, Barnes, John, Colon, Arielle, Cummings, Charisse N., Iuliano, A. Danielle, DaSilva, Juliana, Dempster, Nick, Garg, Shikha, Gubareva, Larisa, Hawkins, Daneisha, Howa, Amanda, Huang, Stacy, Kirby, Marie, Kniss, Krista, Kondor, Rebecca, Liddell, Jimma, Moon, Shunte, Nguyen, Ha. T., O'Halloran, Alissa, Smith, Catherine, Stark, Thomas, Tastad, Katie, Ujamaa, Dawud, Wentworth, Dave E., Fry, Alicia M., Dugan, Vivien G., and Brammer, Lynnette

Subjects
United States. Department of Health and Human Services, Influenza vaccines, Influenza, Health, World Health Organization
Abstract

Before the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, influenza activity in the United States typically began to increase in the fall and peaked in February. During the 2021-22 [...]

Published
2022

28. Interim Estimates of 2021-22 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness--United States, February 2022

Author

Chung, Jessie R., Kim, Sara S., Kondor, Rebecca J., Smith, Catherine, Budd, Alicia P., Tartof, Sara Y., Florea, Ana, Talbot, H. Keipp, Grijalva, Carlos G., Wernli, Karen J., Phillips, C. Hallie, Monto, Arnold S., Martin, Emily T., Belongia, Edward A., McLean, Huong Q., Gaglani, Manjusha, Reis, Michael, Geffel, Krissy Moehling, Nowalk, Mary Patricia, DaSilva, Juliana, Keong, Lisa M., Stark, Thomas J., Barnes, John R., Wentworth, David E., Brammer, Lynnette, Burns, Erin, Fry, Alicia M., Patel, Manish M., and Flannery, Brendan

Subjects
Medical research, Medicine, Experimental, Vaccination, Influenza vaccines, Influenza, Health
Abstract

In the United States, annual vaccination against seasonal influenza is recommended for all persons aged >6 months except when contraindicated (1). Currently available influenza vaccines are designed to protect against [...]

Published
2022

32. Initial Public Health Response and Interim Clinical Guidance for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak — United States, December 31, 2019–February 4, 2020

Author

Patel, Anita, Jernigan, Daniel B., Abdirizak, Fatuma, Abedi, Glen, Aggarwal, Sharad, Albina, Denise, Allen, Elizabeth, Andersen, Lauren, Anderson, Jade, Anderson, Megan, Anderson, Tara, Anderson, Kayla, Bardossy, Ana Cecilia, Barry, Vaughn, Beer, Karlyn, Bell, Michael, Berger, Sherri, Bertulfo, Joseph, Biggs, Holly, Bornemann, Jennifer, Bornstein, Josh, Bower, Willie, Bresee, Joseph, Brown, Clive, Budd, Alicia, Buigut, Jennifer, Burke, Stephen, Burke, Rachel, Burns, Erin, Butler, Jay, Cantrell, Russell, Cardemil, Cristina, Cates, Jordan, Cetron, Marty, Chatham-Stephens, Kevin, Chatham-Stevens, Kevin, Chea, Nora, Christensen, Bryan, Chu, Victoria, Clarke, Kevin, Cleveland, Angela, Cohen, Nicole, Cohen, Max, Cohn, Amanda, Collins, Jennifer, Dahl, Rebecca, Daley, Walter, Dasari, Vishal, Davlantes, Elizabeth, Dawson, Patrick, Delaney, Lisa, Donahue, Matthew, Dowell, Chad, Dyal, Jonathan, Edens, William, Eidex, Rachel, Epstein, Lauren, Evans, Mary, Fagan, Ryan, Farris, Kevin, Feldstein, Leora, Fox, LeAnne, Frank, Mark, Freeman, Brandi, Fry, Alicia, Fuller, James, Galang, Romeo, Gerber, Sue, Gokhale, Runa, Goldstein, Sue, Gorman, Sue, Gregg, William, Greim, William, Grube, Steven, Hall, Aron, Haynes, Amber, Hill, Sherrasa, Hornsby-Myers, Jennifer, Hunter, Jennifer, Ionta, Christopher, Isenhour, Cheryl, Jacobs, Max, Slifka, Kara Jacobs, Jernigan, Daniel, Jhung, Michael, Jones-Wormley, Jamie, Kambhampati, Anita, Kamili, Shifaq, Kennedy, Pamela, Kent, Charlotte, Killerby, Marie, Kim, Lindsay, Kirking, Hannah, Koonin, Lisa, Koppaka, Ram, Kosmos, Christine, Kuhar, David, Kuhnert-Tallman, Wendi, Kujawski, Stephanie, Kumar, Archana, Landon, Alexander, Lee, Leslie, Leung, Jessica, Lindstrom, Stephen, Link-Gelles, Ruth, Lively, Joana, Lu, Xiaoyan, Lynch, Brian, Malapati, Lakshmi, Mandel, Samantha, Manns, Brian, Marano, Nina, Marlow, Mariel, Marston, Barbara, McClung, Nancy, McClure, Liz, McDonald, Emily, McGovern, Oliva, Messonnier, Nancy, Midgley, Claire, Moulia, Danielle, Murray, Janna, Noelte, Kate, Noonan-Smith, Michelle, Nordlund, Kristen, Norton, Emily, Oliver, Sara, Pallansch, Mark, Parashar, Umesh, Patel, Manisha, Pettrone, Kristen, Pierce, Taran, Pietz, Harald, Pillai, Satish, Radonovich, Lewis, Reagan-Steiner, Sarah, Reel, Amy, Reese, Heather, Rha, Brian, Ricks, Philip, Rolfes, Melissa, Roohi, Shahrokh, Roper, Lauren, Rotz, Lisa, Routh, Janell, Sakthivel, Senthil Kumar, Sarmiento, Luisa, Schindelar, Jessica, Schneider, Eileen, Schuchat, Anne, Scott, Sarah, Shetty, Varun, Shockey, Caitlin, Shugart, Jill, Stenger, Mark, Stuckey, Matthew, Sunshine, Brittany, Sykes, Tamara, Trapp, Jonathan, Uyeki, Timothy, Vahey, Grace, Valderrama, Amy, Villanueva, Julie, Walker, Tunicia, Wallace, Megan, Wang, Lijuan, Watson, John, Weber, Angie, Weinbaum, Cindy, Weldon, William, Westnedge, Caroline, Whitaker, Brett, Whitaker, Michael, Williams, Alcia, Williams, Holly, Willams, Ian, Wong, Karen, Xie, Amy, and Yousef, Anna

Subjects
Health (social science), Epidemiology, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Immigration, 030230 surgery, 01 natural sciences, Disease Outbreaks, 0302 clinical medicine, State (polity), Health Information Management, Interim, Health care, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Infection control, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Full Report, media_common, Transmission (medicine), Health Policy, General Medicine, ComputingMilieux_GENERAL, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Public Health, Medical emergency, Epidemiological Monitoring, Coronavirus Infections, Mainland China, medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, Pneumonia, Viral, Disease cluster, Health(social science), Betacoronavirus, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, 0101 mathematics, China, Pandemics, Health policy, Infection Control, Transplantation, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Public health, 010102 general mathematics, COVID-19, Outbreak, medicine.disease, United States, Family medicine, Reports from the Cdc: MMWR, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S, business
Abstract

On December 31, 2019, Chinese health officials reported a cluster of cases of acute respiratory illness in persons associated with the Hunan seafood and animal market in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, in central China. On January 7, 2020, Chinese health officials confirmed that a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was associated with this initial cluster (1). As of February 4, 2020, a total of 20,471 confirmed cases, including 2,788 (13.6%) with severe illness,* and 425 deaths (2.1%) had been reported by the National Health Commission of China (2). Cases have also been reported in 26 locations outside of mainland China, including documentation of some person-to-person transmission and one death (2). As of February 4, 11 cases had been reported in the United States. On January 30, the World Health Organization (WHO) Director-General declared that the 2019-nCoV outbreak constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.† On January 31, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary declared a U.S. public health emergency to respond to 2019-nCoV.§ Also on January 31, the president of the United States signed a "Proclamation on Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Nonimmigrants of Persons who Pose a Risk of Transmitting 2019 Novel Coronavirus," which limits entry into the United States of persons who traveled to mainland China to U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents and their families (3). CDC, multiple other federal agencies, state and local health departments, and other partners are implementing aggressive measures to slow transmission of 2019-nCoV in the United States (4,5). These measures require the identification of cases and their contacts in the United States and the appropriate assessment and care of travelers arriving from mainland China to the United States. These measures are being implemented in anticipation of additional 2019-nCoV cases in the United States. Although these measures might not prevent the eventual establishment of ongoing, widespread transmission of the virus in the United States, they are being implemented to 1) slow the spread of illness; 2) provide time to better prepare health care systems and the general public to be ready if widespread transmission with substantial associated illness occurs; and 3) better characterize 2019-nCoV infection to guide public health recommendations and the development of medical countermeasures including diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. Public health authorities are monitoring the situation closely. As more is learned about this novel virus and this outbreak, CDC will rapidly incorporate new knowledge into guidance for action by CDC and state and local health departments.

Published
2020

34. Changes in influenza and other respiratory virus activity during the COVID-19 pandemic—United States, 2020–2021

Author

Olsen, Sonja J., primary, Winn, Amber K., additional, Budd, Alicia P., additional, Prill, Mila M., additional, Steel, John, additional, Midgley, Claire M., additional, Kniss, Krista, additional, Burns, Erin, additional, Rowe, Thomas, additional, Foust, Angela, additional, Jasso, Gabriela, additional, Merced-Morales, Angiezel, additional, Davis, C. Todd, additional, Jang, Yunho, additional, Jones, Joyce, additional, Daly, Peter, additional, Gubareva, Larisa, additional, Barnes, John, additional, Kondor, Rebecca, additional, Sessions, Wendy, additional, Smith, Catherine, additional, Wentworth, David E., additional, Garg, Shikha, additional, Havers, Fiona P., additional, Fry, Alicia M., additional, Hall, Aron J., additional, Brammer, Lynnette, additional, and Silk, Benjamin J., additional

Published
2021
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37. Spread of Antigenically Drifted Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses and Vaccine Effectiveness in the United States During the 2018–2019 Season

Author

Flannery, Brendan, primary, Kondor, Rebecca J Garten, primary, Chung, Jessie R, primary, Gaglani, Manjusha, primary, Reis, Michael, primary, Zimmerman, Richard K, primary, Nowalk, Mary Patricia, primary, Jackson, Michael L, primary, Jackson, Lisa A, primary, Monto, Arnold S, primary, Martin, Emily T, primary, Belongia, Edward A, primary, McLean, Huong Q, primary, Kim, Sara S, primary, Blanton, Lenee, primary, Kniss, Krista, primary, Budd, Alicia P, primary, Brammer, Lynnette, primary, Stark, Thomas J, primary, Barnes, John R, primary, Wentworth, David E, primary, Fry, Alicia M, primary, and Patel, Manish, primary

Published
2019
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38. LB19. Patterns of Influenza A Hospitalizations by Subtype and Age in the United States, FluSurv-NET, 2018–2019

Author

Garg, Shikha, primary, O’Halloran, Alissa, additional, Cummings, Charisse N, additional, Holstein, Rachel, additional, Kniss, Krista, additional, Anderson, Evan J, additional, Bennett, Nancy M, additional, Billing, Laurie M, additional, Herlihy, Rachel, additional, Hill, Mary, additional, Irizarry, Lourdes, additional, Kim, Sue, additional, Kirley, Pam D, additional, Lynfield, Ruth, additional, Monroe, Maya, additional, Spina, Nancy, additional, Talbot, Keipp, additional, Thomas, Ann, additional, Yousey-Hindes, Kimberly, additional, Budd, Alicia, additional, Brammer, Lynette, additional, and Reed, Carrie, additional

Published
2019
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39. Clinical outcomes of seasonal influenza and pandemic influenza A (H1N1) in pediatric inpatients

Author

Budd Alicia, Valsamakis Alexandra, Cosgrove Sara E, Milstone Aaron M, Turnbull Alison E, Tamma Pranita D, and Perl Trish M

Subjects
Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Abstract Background In April 2009, a novel influenza A H1N1 (nH1N1) virus emerged and spread rapidly worldwide. News of the pandemic led to a heightened awareness of the consequences of influenza and generally resulted in enhanced infection control practices and strengthened vaccination efforts for both healthcare workers and the general population. Seasonal influenza (SI) illness in the pediatric population has been previously shown to result in significant morbidity, mortality, and substantial hospital resource utilization. Although influenza pandemics have the possibility of resulting in considerable illness, we must not ignore the impact that we can experience annually with SI. Methods We compared the outcomes of pediatric patients ≤18 years of age at a large urban hospital with laboratory confirmed influenza and an influenza-like illness (ILI) during the 2009 pandemic and two prior influenza seasons. The primary outcome measure was hospital length of stay (LOS). All variables potentially associated with LOS based on univariable analysis, previous studies, or hypothesized relationships were included in the regression models to ensure adjustment for their effects. Results There were 133 pediatric cases of nH1N1 admitted during 2009 and 133 cases of SI admitted during the prior 2 influenza seasons (2007-8 and 2008-9). Thirty-six percent of children with SI and 18% of children with nH1N1 had no preexisting medical conditions (p = 0.14). Children admitted with SI had 1.73 times longer adjusted LOS than children admitted for nH1N1 (95% CI 1.35 - 2.13). There was a trend towards more children with SI requiring mechanical ventilation compared with nH1N1 (16 vs.7, p = 0.08). Conclusions This study strengthens the growing body of evidence demonstrating that SI results in significant morbidity in the pediatric population. Pandemic H1N1 received considerable attention with strong media messages urging people to undergo vaccination and encouraging improved infection control efforts. We believe that this attention should become an annual effort for SI. Strong unified messages from health care providers and the media encouraging influenza vaccination will likely prove very useful in averting some of the morbidity related to influenza for future epidemics.

Published
2010
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41. Spread of Antigenically Drifted Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses and Vaccine Effectiveness in the United States During the 2018-2019 Season.

Author

Flannery, Brendan, Kondor, Rebecca J Garten, Chung, Jessie R, Gaglani, Manjusha, Reis, Michael, Zimmerman, Richard K, Nowalk, Mary Patricia, Jackson, Michael L, Jackson, Lisa A, Monto, Arnold S, Martin, Emily T, Belongia, Edward A, McLean, Huong Q, Kim, Sara S, Blanton, Lenee, Kniss, Krista, Budd, Alicia P, Brammer, Lynnette, Stark, Thomas J, and Barnes, John R

Subjects
VACCINE effectiveness, VIRAL vaccines, INFLUENZA, INFLUENZA vaccines, INFLUENZA viruses
Abstract

Background: Increased illness due to antigenically drifted A(H3N2) clade 3C.3a influenza viruses prompted concerns about vaccine effectiveness (VE) and vaccine strain selection. We used US virologic surveillance and US Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness (Flu VE) Network data to evaluate consequences of this clade.Methods: Distribution of influenza viruses was described using virologic surveillance data. The Flu VE Network enrolled ambulatory care patients aged ≥6 months with acute respiratory illness at 5 sites. Respiratory specimens were tested for influenza by means of reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and were sequenced. Using a test-negative design, we estimated VE, comparing the odds of influenza among vaccinated versus unvaccinated participants.Results: During the 2018-2019 influenza season, A(H3N2) clade 3C.3a viruses caused an increasing proportion of influenza cases. Among 2763 Flu VE Network case patients, 1325 (48%) were infected with A(H1N1)pdm09 and 1350 (49%) with A(H3N2); clade 3C.3a accounted for 977 (93%) of 1054 sequenced A(H3N2) viruses. VE was 44% (95% confidence interval, 37%-51%) against A(H1N1)pdm09 and 9% (-4% to 20%) against A(H3N2); VE was 5% (-10% to 19%) against A(H3N2) clade 3C.3a viruses.Conclusions: The predominance of A(H3N2) clade 3C.3a viruses during the latter part of the 2018-2019 season was associated with decreased VE, supporting the A(H3N2) vaccine component update for 2019-2020 northern hemisphere influenza vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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43. MRSA Transmission and Infections in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Despite Active Surveillance Cultures and Decolonization – Challenges for Infection Prevention

Author

Popoola, Victor O., Budd, Alicia, Wittig, Sara M., Ross, Tracy, Aucott, Susan W., Perl, Trish M., Carroll, Karen C., and Milstone, Aaron M.

Subjects
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Academic Medical Centers, Cross Infection, Medical Audit, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, Baltimore, Infant, Newborn, Humans, Staphylococcal Infections, Article, Disease Outbreaks, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

To characterize the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) transmission and infections in a level IIIC neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and identify barriers to MRSA control.Retrospective cohort study in a university-affiliated NICU with an MRSA control program including weekly nares cultures of all neonates and admission nares cultures for neonates transferred from other hospitals or admitted from home.Medical records were reviewed to identify neonates with NICU-acquired MRSA colonization or infection between April 2007 and December 2011. Compliance with hand hygiene and an MRSA decolonization protocol were monitored. Relatedness of MRSA strains were assessed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).Of 3,536 neonates, 74 (2.0%) had a culture grow MRSA, including 62 neonates with NICU-acquired MRSA. Nineteen of 74 neonates (26%) had an MRSA infection, including 8 who became infected before they were identified as MRSA colonized, and 11 of 66 colonized neonates (17%) developed a subsequent infection. Of the 37 neonates that underwent decolonization, 6 (16%) developed a subsequent infection, and 7 of 14 (50%) that remained in the NICU for 21 days or more became recolonized with MRSA. Using PFGE, there were 14 different strain types identified, with USA300 being the most common (31%).Current strategies to prevent infections-including active identification and decolonization of MRSA-colonized neonates-are inadequate because infants develop infections before being identified as colonized or after attempted decolonization. Future prevention efforts would benefit from improving detection of MRSA colonization, optimizing decolonization regimens, and identifying and interrupting reservoirs of transmission.

Published
2014

47. Seasonal and pandemic influenza surveillance considerations for constructing multicomponent systems.

Author

Lynnette Brammer, Lynnette, Budd, Alicia, and Cox, Nancy

Subjects
*PANDEMICS, *EPIDEMIOLOGY, *COMMUNICABLE diseases, *INFLUENZA, *RESPIRATORY infections
Abstract

Surveillance for influenza is essential for the selection of influenza vaccine components and detection of human infections with novel influenza A viruses that may signal the start of a pandemic. Virologic surveillance provides the foundation from which this information can be obtained. However, morbidity and mortality data are needed to better understand the burden of disease, which, in turn, can provide useful information for policy makers relevant to the allocation of resources for prevention and control efforts. Data on the impact of influenza can be used to identify groups at increased risk for severe influenza-related complications, develop prevention and control policies, and monitor the effect of these policies. Influenza surveillance systems frequently monitor outpatient illness, hospitalizations, and deaths, but selection of influenza surveillance components should be based on the surveillance goals and objectives of the jurisdiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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48. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusTransmission and Infections in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit despite Active Surveillance Cultures and Decolonization: Challenges for Infection Prevention

Author

Popoola, Victor O., Budd, Alicia, Wittig, Sara M., Ross, Tracy, Aucott, Susan W., Perl, Trish M., Carroll, Karen C., and Milstone, Aaron M.

Abstract

Objective.To characterize the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) transmission and infections in a level IIIC neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and identify barriers to MRSA control.Setting and Design.Retrospective cohort study in a university-affiliated NICU with an MRSA control program including weekly nares cultures of all neonates and admission nares cultures for neonates transferred from other hospitals or admitted from home.Methods.Medical records were reviewed to identify neonates with NICU-acquired MRSA colonization or infection between April 2007 and December 2011. Compliance with hand hygiene and an MRSA decolonization protocol were monitored. Relatedness of MRSA strains were assessed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).Results.Of 3,536 neonates, 74 (2.0%) had a culture grow MRSA, including 62 neonates with NICU-acquired MRSA. Nineteen of 74 neonates (26%) had an MRSA infection, including 8 who became infected before they were identified as MRSA colonized, and 11 of 66 colonized neonates (17%) developed a subsequent infection. Of the 37 neonates that underwent decolonization, 6 (16%) developed a subsequent infection, and 7 of 14 (50%) that remained in the NICU for 21 days or more became recolonized with MRSA. Using PFGE, there were 14 different strain types identified, with USA300 being the most common (31%).Conclusions.Current strategies to prevent infections—including active identification and decolonization of MRSA-colonized neonates—are inadequate because infants develop infections before being identified as colonized or after attempted decolonization. Future prevention efforts would benefit from improving detection of MRSA colonization, optimizing decolonization regimens, and identifying and interrupting reservoirs of transmission.

Published
2014
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50. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infections in Humans.

Author

Garg S, Reinhart K, Couture A, Kniss K, Davis CT, Kirby MK, Murray EL, Zhu S, Kraushaar V, Wadford DA, Drehoff C, Kohnen A, Owen M, Morse J, Eckel S, Goswitz J, Turabelidze G, Krager S, Unutzer A, Gonzales ER, Abdul Hamid C, Ellington S, Mellis AM, Budd A, Barnes JR, Biggerstaff M, Jhung MA, Richmond-Crum M, Burns E, Shimabukuro TT, Uyeki TM, Dugan VG, Reed C, and Olsen SJ

Abstract

Background: Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses have caused widespread infections in dairy cows and poultry in the United States, with sporadic human cases. We describe characteristics of human A(H5N1) cases identified from March through October 2024 in the United States., Methods: We analyzed data from persons with laboratory-confirmed A(H5N1) virus infection using a standardized case-report form linked to laboratory results from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention influenza A/H5 subtyping kit., Results: Of 46 case patients, 20 were exposed to infected poultry, 25 were exposed to infected or presumably infected dairy cows, and 1 had no identified exposure; that patient was hospitalized with nonrespiratory symptoms, and A(H5N1) virus infection was detected through routine surveillance. Among the 45 case patients with animal exposures, the median age was 34 years, and all had mild A(H5N1) illness; none were hospitalized, and none died. A total of 42 patients (93%) had conjunctivitis, 22 (49%) had fever, and 16 (36%) had respiratory symptoms; 15 (33%) had conjunctivitis only. The median duration of illness among 16 patients with available data was 4 days (range, 1 to 8). Most patients (87%) received oseltamivir; oseltamivir was started a median of 2 days after symptom onset. No additional cases were identified among the 97 household contacts of case patients with animal exposures. The types of personal protective equipment (PPE) that were most commonly used by workers exposed to infected animals were gloves (71%), eye protection (60%), and face masks (47%)., Conclusions: In the cases identified to date, A(H5N1) viruses generally caused mild illness, mostly conjunctivitis, of short duration, predominantly in U.S. adults exposed to infected animals; most patients received prompt antiviral treatment. No evidence of human-to-human A(H5N1) transmission was identified. PPE use among occupationally exposed persons was suboptimal, which suggests that additional strategies are needed to reduce exposure risk. (Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.)., (Copyright © 2024 Massachusetts Medical Society.)

Published
2024
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