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Objective: Communication difficulties are considered the most significant consequence of hearing loss. This study aimed to determine whether surgical face masks, which have been mandatory throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, have an effect on speech comprehension scores in geriatric lip-reading patients with hearing loss and to raise awareness of the need for solutions to this problem. Materials and Method: Patients with moderate and higher sensorineural or mixed bilateral symmetrical hearing loss who stated that they lip-read to better understand during communication were included in the study. The patients’ speech comprehension scores were gathered while the audiologist wore a surgical mask and then a transparent mask, respectively. Results: Twelve (33,3%) of the patients were female, and 24 (66.7%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 66.64±1.53 years. The mean speech comprehension scores of the patients when the audiologist was wearing a surgical mask (38.25±14.33) and a transparent mask (67.81 ± 14.30), respectively, were compared. The surgical mask significantly affected speech comprehension scores, and the Cohen d value of the effect size was 2.06. As such, the surgical face mask had a great effect on these patients’ speech comprehension scores. Conclusions: In elderly lip-reading patients who suffer from hearing loss, seeing the lip movements of the speaker, especially in hospital applications, promotes more effective communication. Transparent face masks can be considered a solution. © 2022, Geriatrics Society. All rights reserved.

Despite the Covid-19 epidemic, which was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, hygiene and safety measures have been increased in our country and the use of disinfectants has increased. The aim of this study; To determine the alcohol content of disinfectants collected from the Tokat region and to investigate the sensitivity of some microorganisms (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Candida sp and Staphylococcus aureus) to these disinfectants. For this purpose, the alcohol type and alcohol ratios of the collected disinfectant samples were determined. Then, the antimicrobial effects of disinfectants were tested. As a result, it was determined that the disinfectant samples had alcohol content in accordance with the determined standards and had a good anti-microbial effect., Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından pandemi olarak ilan edilen Covid-19 salgınına karşın ülkemizde hijyen ve güvenlik önlemleri üst düzeye çıkarılmış olup, dezenfektan kullanımı artmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Tokat bölgesinden toplanan dezenfektanların içerdiği alkol oranlarını belirlemek ve bazı mikroorganizmaların (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Candida sp ve Staphylococcus aureus) bu dezenfektanlara karşı duyarlılıklarını araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla, ilk olarak toplanan dezenfektan örneklerinin alkol türü ve alkol oranları belirlendi. Daha sonra dezenfektanların anti-mikrobiyal etkileri test edildi. Sonuç olarak toplanan dezenfektan örneklerinin belirlenen standartlara uygun alkol içeriğine ve iyi derecede anti-mikrobiyal etkiye sahip olduğu belirlendi.

Purpose: Present study, we were carried out to evaluate the antifungal activities of extracts of Grindelia robusta Nutt., Tanacetum praeteritum subsp. praeteritum and Alchemilla vulgaris L. against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Botrytis cinerea Macrophamina phaseolina, Rhizoctania solani, Alternaria alternata, Cylindrocarpon destructans and Phytopthora infestans.Material and Methods: The screening of the antifungal potential of three extract forms from three different plant species was performed in vitro by using Agar-diffusion method on Potato Dextrose Agar media (PDA). One doses (1.0%, 1.5% and 2,0%) of the three diffent extracts were tested. Experimental results were obtained in three (n=3) replicates.Results: All plant extracts prepared in the study exhibited significant activity against plant pathogenic fungi. In particular, Tanacetum praeteritum subsp. praeteritum prevented the growth of micelles between 73.5 - 100% in five different fungal species, while Grindelia robusta Nutt. had a 100% effect on two of the four different fungus species.Conclusion: The extracts exhibited an antifungal activity against all the tested fungi. The analysis shown that the all extracts caused significantly inhibited the mycelium growth of fungi. This study paves the way for the development of new methods for environmentally friendly and economically viable phytosanitary practices.

Kalkon ve isoindol türevleri önemli biyolojik aktivitelere sahip bileşiklerdir. Bu iki birimi aynı yapıda taşıyan hibrit moleküllerinde biyolojik aktivite gösterdikleri bilinmektedir. Ayrıca ?-merkaptanlar bazı biyoaktif bileşiklerin sentezi için başlangıç materyali olarak kullanılmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada, isoindolsübstitüe-kalkon türevlerine (3a-j) moleküler iyot katalizörlüğünde tiyofenol katılarak yeni ?-merkapto karbonil bileşikleri, ((3aR,4S,7R,7aS)-2-(4-(3-(feniltiyo)-3-(aril)propanol)fenil)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahidro-1H-4,7-metanisoindol-1,3(2H)- dion) (5a-j) yüksek verimler ile elde edildi. Elde edilen yeni bileşiklerin yapıları 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR ve Elementel Analiz spektroskopik yöntemleri kullanılarak aydınlatıldı. Chalcone and isoindol derivatives possess significant biological activities. Also, ıt is known that hybrid molecules carrying these two units in the same structure show biological activity. In addition, ?-mercaptans are used as the starting material for the synthesis of some bioactive compounds. In this work, new ?-mercapto carbonyl compounds (5a-j), (3aR,4S,7R,7aS)-2-(4-(3-(phenylthio)-3-(aryl)pyridyl)aminocarbonylpropanol)phenyl)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-7-methanoisoindole-1,3(2H)-dione), were obtained by molecular iodine-catalyzed addition of thiophenol to isoindol substituted chalcone derivatives (3a-j) in high yields. The structures of the obtained new compounds were clarified by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR and Elemental Analysis spectroscopic methods.

WOS: 000427566900004, PubMed ID: 29350485, The use of quail meat and eggs has made this animal important in recent years, with its low cost and high yields. Glutathione S-transferases (GST, E.C.2.5.1.18) are an important enzyme family, which play a critical role in detoxification system. In our study, GST was purified from quail liver tissue with 47.88-fold purification and 12.33% recovery by glutathione agarose affinity chromatography. The purity of enzyme was checked by SDS-PAGE method and showed a single band. In addition, inhibition effects of (3aR,4S,7R,7aS)-2-(4-((E)-3-(aryl)acryloyl)phenyl)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-4,7methanoisoindole-1,3(2H)-dion derivatives (1a-g) were investigated on the enzyme activity. The inhibition parameters (IC50 and K-i values) were calculated for these compounds. IC50 values of these derivatives (1a-e) were found as 23.00, 15.75, 115.50, 10.00, and 28.75M, respectively. K-i values of these derivatives (1a-e) were calculated in the range of 3.04 +/- 0.50 to 131.50 +/- 32.50M. However, for f and g compounds, the inhibition effects on the enzyme were not found., Bingol University [BAP-SSHMYO.2017.00.001], Bingol University, Grant/Award Number: BAP-SSHMYO.2017.00.001

WOS: 000416834000003, PubMed: 29134667, In the present study, human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) enzyme was purified and characterized from fresh blood human red cells by Sepharose-4B-l-tyrosine-sulfanilamide affinity gel chromatography. Secondly, a series of new tetrabromo chalcone derivatives containing 4,7-methanoisoindol-1,3-dione (2a-i) were synthesized from the addition of Br-2 to related chalcone derivatives (1a-i). The structures of the new molecules (2a-i) were confirmed by means of H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR and elemental analysis. Finally, the inhibitory effects of 2a-i on CA activities were investigated using the esterase method under in vitro conditions. The compounds 2a-i exhibited excellent inhibitory effects, in the low nanomolar range, with K-i values in the range of 11.30-21.22nM against hCA I and in the range of 8.21-12.86nM against hCA II. Our findings suggest that the new compounds 2a-i have superior inhibitory effect over acetazolamide (AZA), which is used as clinical CA inhibitor, with obtained K-i values of 34.50 and 28.93nM against the hCA I and II isozymes, respectively. In addition to the inhibition assays, molecular modeling approaches were implemented for prediction of the binding affinities of compounds 2a and 2c, which had the highest inhibition effects, against the hCA I and II isozymes., Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [111T990]; Gaziosmanpasa University Scientific Research Projects Commission [BAP2011/62], The authors are indebted to the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK Project No: 111T990) and Gaziosmanpasa University Scientific Research Projects Commission (Project No: BAP2011/62) for their financial support.

In the present study, human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) enzyme was purified and characterized from fresh blood human red cells by Sepharose-4B-l-tyrosine-sulfanilamide affinity gel chromatography. Secondly, a series of new tetrabromo chalcone derivatives containing 4,7-methanoisoindol-1,3-dione (2a-i) were synthesized from the addition of Br-2 to related chalcone derivatives (1a-i). The structures of the new molecules (2a-i) were confirmed by means of H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR and elemental analysis. Finally, the inhibitory effects of 2a-i on CA activities were investigated using the esterase method under in vitro conditions. The compounds 2a-i exhibited excellent inhibitory effects, in the low nanomolar range, with K-i values in the range of 11.30-21.22nM against hCA I and in the range of 8.21-12.86nM against hCA II. Our findings suggest that the new compounds 2a-i have superior inhibitory effect over acetazolamide (AZA), which is used as clinical CA inhibitor, with obtained K-i values of 34.50 and 28.93nM against the hCA I and II isozymes, respectively. In addition to the inhibition assays, molecular modeling approaches were implemented for prediction of the binding affinities of compounds 2a and 2c, which had the highest inhibition effects, against the hCA I and II isozymes.

Chalcone-like compounds 3a-l, 2-(benzylidene)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one, were synthesized from the addition of different benzaldehyde derivatives (2a-l) to 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-napthalone (1) in basic medium. Mn(OAc)3-mediated addition of dimedone (4) to chalcone-like compounds gave the spiro benzofuran derivatives (5a-l), 6,6-dimethyl-3-aryl-3′,4′,6,7-tetrahydro-1'H,3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,2′-naphthalene]-1′,4 (5H)-dione, in good yields. The structures of synthesized compounds 5a-l were elucidated on basis of spectral data (NMR, IR) and elemental analysis. Addition their antibacterial activities were screened against some human pathogenic microorganisms.

In organic synthesis, coupling reactions are one of the most convenient methods for forming C-C bonds. In this study, the coupling reactions of the cyclic α- bromoketones, the cyclic allyl bromide and the cyclic -bromoketones with the Zn and Mg were investigated, Organik sentezlerde, kenetlenme reaksiyonları, C-C bağı oluşturmak için en elverişli yöntemlerden birisidir. Bu çalışmada, halkalı alkil bromür, halkalı allil bromür ve halkalı -bromoketonların Zn ve Mg eşliğinde kenetlenme reaksiyonları incelendi

Hydroxyapatite HAs is the most commonly used synthetic, inert, and biocompatible material having no organic substance. HA having calcium phosphate in their structures are biomaterials used in injured organs or tissues in human body. These make quick and strong recovery when used in body. Besides, due to the reproductive characteristics of bone cells like HA structure and the stability of HA material in body fluid they are commonly used in biomedical applications. HA is very similar to the mineral structure of the bones and teeth, and is often used for synthetic bone grafts production. Because of these properties, the synthesis, isolation and commercialization of this kind of materials gain great importance. In this study, HA was synthesized with a precipitation and microwave radiation technique, and then the properties of synthesized HA are compared with the commercial HA. The characterization and comparison of the materials was made with various methods, general internal structure development and pore size relations were determined by FTIR, XRD and SEM.

Nine chalcone-diethyl malonate derivatives (4a-i) were prepared by the reaction of chalcone derivatives (3a-i) with diethyl malonate in the presence of a catalytic amount of KOt-Bu in CH2CI2 in good to excellent yields. The products were characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and elemental analyses. KEY WORDS: Michael addition, Chalcone, KOt-Bu, Diethyl malonate Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2010, 24(1), 85-91.

The key compounds vinyl iodides 12a and 13a, for the generation of 1-cyclohept-1,2-dien-1-ylbezene (1), were synthesized from cycloheptanone (5). Bromobenzene was converted to the Grignard reagent, which was condensed with 5. Dehydration of alcohol 6 gave alkene 7. Hydroboration of 7 followed by oxidation with PCC afforded ketone 9, which was converted to hydrazone 10. Treatment of 10 with iodine resulted in the formation of 12a and 13a. The other precursors, 12b and 13b, were synthesized from the reaction of 9 with PCl5. Reactions of 12a, b and 13a, b with KOtBu in a sealed tube at 185 °C gave the [2+4] and [2+2] dimer products 20 and 21, respectively. In addition, reactions of 12a, b and 13a, b with KOtBu under the same conditions in the presence of diphenylbenzoisofuran (DBI) as a trapping reagent afforded the [2+4] cycloadducts 24 and 25 in good yields.

7,7-Dibromo-1-phenylbicyclo[4.1.0]heptane 4 was synthesized and its thermal and silver ion-catalyzed rearrangements were studied. Alcohol 8 was converted to 1-(2,3-dibromocyclohept-1-en-1-yl)benzene 6. The zinc-mediated elimination of 1-(2,3-dibromocyclohept-1-en-1-yl)benzene 6 resulted in the formation of 2 isomeric Wurtz-like condensation products 15 and 16 (whose structural assignments were based on $^1H$-and $^{13}C-NMR$ spectral data) instead of the expected 1-cyclohepta-1,2-dien-1-ylbenzene 14.

The key compounds, 1-(2-iodocyclohex-1-en-1-yl) benzene (12) and 1-(2-iodocyclohex-2-en-1-yl) benzene (13), for the generation of 1-cyclohex-1,2-dien-1-ylbezene (20) were synthesized starting with cyclohexanone. Separate reactions of 12 and 13 with KOtBu in benzene in a sealed tube at 180 °C gave 6 products: 1-cyclohex-1-en-1-ylbenzene (8), 2-phenylcyclohexanone (10), 1,8-diphenyl-2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,7-octahydrobiphenylene (21), 8a-phenyl-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8a-octahyd-rotriphenylene (22), 1,2-diphenylcyclohexene (23), and 1-(2-tert-butoxycyclohex-1-enyl) benzene (24). In addition, reactions of 12 and 13 under the same conditions in the presence of diphenylisobenzofuran and furan as trapping reagents afforded the [4 + 2] cyclo-adducts 30, 31, and 32 in good yields, respectively.