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Research demonstrates that self-objectification negatively impacts both cisgender heterosexual women and men. However, measures of self-objectification have primarily been designed for and validated in women, raising doubts about their applicability to men and demonstrated gender differences in self-objectification. This research investigated the psychometric properties of the Self-Objectification Beliefs and Behaviors Scale (SOBBS; Lindner & Tantleff-Dunn, 2017) in cisgender heterosexual women, and for the first time, in cisgender heterosexual men. Study 1 (women = 180, men = 163) and 2 (women = 137, men = 138, age-representative samples) used an online longitudinal design. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in Study 1 supported the original 2-factor structure of the SOBBS across genders. Multigroup CFA in Study 2 confirmed measurement invariance across genders. Women showed lower latent SOBBS Factor 1 than men, with no gender difference on latent Factor 2. Across studies, the SOBBS demonstrated good concurrent validity, convergent validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability for both genders, in addition to differentiation by sexual objectification experience. The psychometric properties of the Self-Objectification Questionnaire (Noll & Fredrickson, 1998) and the Objectified Body Consciousness Body Surveillance Scale (McKinley & Hyde, 1996) were also explored. Both scale scores were differentiated by gender after controlling for sexual objectification experience, suggesting that scores on these scales may be subject to gender-based measurement bias. Overall, the current research contributes to the evidence-base for effective measurement of self-objectification in men, indicating that the SOBBS is psychometrically sound for use not only in cisgender heterosexual women, but also in cisgender heterosexual men., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) often leads to vacuolar hepatopathy. The impact of trilostane treatment on serum total bile acids (SBAs) concentrations in dogs with HAC remains unknown. This study investigated SBAs concentrations in healthy dogs and those with HAC following trilostane therapy. Ten healthy dogs and fifteen dogs with HAC were prospectively enrolled. A biochemistry profile and pre- and post-prandial SBAs concentrations were determined in each dog. Dogs with HAC were reassessed at 1 and 3 months after the initiation of trilostane treatment. Dogs with HAC had significantly higher serum ALT, ALP, and GGT activities, and cholesterol, triglyceride, and pre-prandial SBAs concentrations compared to healthy dogs. After 3 months of trilostane treatment, polyuria/polydipsia and polyphagia were completely resolved in 42.8% and 35.7%, respectively. Significant improvements in serum ALT and ALP activities and cholesterol concentrations were observed within 1-3 months of trilostane treatment. However, pre- and post-prandial SBAs concentrations did not significantly decrease. These findings suggest that treatment with low-dose trilostane for 3 months appears to reduce serum liver enzyme activities, but not SBAs concentrations. Further investigation is warranted to explore the effects of low-dose trilostane treatment on SBAs concentrations for a longer duration or after achieving appropriate post-ACTH cortisol levels.

Introduction: Free-living movement (physical activity [PA] and sedentary behavior [SB]) and eating behaviors (energy intake [EI] and food choice) affect energy balance and therefore have the potential to influence weight loss (WL). This study explored whether free-living movement and/or eating behaviors measured early (week 3) in a 14-week WL programme or their change during the intervention are associated with WL in women. Methods: In the study, 80 women ( M ± SD age: 42.0 ± 12.4 years) with overweight or obesity [body mass index (BMI): 34.08 ± 3.62 kg/m 2 ] completed a 14 week WL program focused primarily on diet (commercial or self-led). Body mass (BM) was measured at baseline, and again during week 2 and 14 along with body composition. Free-living movement (SenseWear Armband) and eating behavior (weighed food diaries) were measured for 1 week during week 3 and 12. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses examined whether early and early-late change in free-living movement and eating behavior were associated with WL. The differences in behavior between clinically significant weight losers (CWL; ≥5% WL) and non-clinically significant weight losers (NWL; ≤ 3% WL) were compared. Results: The energy density of food consumed [β = 0.45, p < 0.001] and vigorous PA [β = -0.30, p < 0.001] early in the intervention (regression model 1) and early-late change in light PA [β = -0.81 p < 0.001], moderate PA [β = -1.17 p < 0.001], vigorous PA [β = -0.49, p < 0.001], total energy expenditure (EE) [β = 1.84, p < 0.001], and energy density of food consumed [β = 0.27, p = 0.01] (regression model 2) significantly predicted percentage change in BM. Early in the intervention, CWL consumed less energy dense foods than NWL [ p = 0.03]. CWL showed a small but significant increase in vigorous PA, whereas NWL showed a slight decrease in PA [ p = 0.04]. Conclusion: Both early and early-late change in free-living movement and eating behaviors during a 14 week WL program are predictors of WL. These findings demonstrate that specific behaviors that contribute to greater EE (e.g., vigorous PA) and lower EI (e.g., less energy-dense foods) are related to greater WL outcomes. Interventions targeting these behaviors can be expected to increase the effectiveness of WL programs., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Myers, Camidge, Croden, Gibbons, Stubbs, Blundell, Finlayson and Buckland.)

Background: The relationship between free-living sedentary behaviour (SB) and obesity is unclear. Studies may arrive at disparate conclusions because of inconsistencies and limitations when defining and measuring free-living SB. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine whether the relationship between SB and adiposity differed depending on the way SB was operationally defined and objectively measured., Methods: Sixty-three female participants aged 37.1 years (SD = 13.6) with a body mass index (BMI) of 29.6 kg/m 2 (SD = 4.7) had their body composition measured (BodPod, Concord, CA) then were continuously monitored for 5-7 days with the SenseWear Armband (SWA; sleep and activity intensity) and the activPAL (AP; posture). Data from both activity monitors were analysed separately and integrated resulting in a third measure of SB (activity intensity and posture; SED INT ). SB outputs were compared according to week or weekend day averages then correlated against body composition parameters after adjusting for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)., Results: SED SWA resulted in the most sedentary time 11.74 h/day (SD = 1.60), followed by SED AP 10.16 h/day (SD = 1.75) and SED INT 9.10 h/day (SD = 1.67). There was a significant positive association between SED SWA and body mass [r(61) = 0.29, p = .02], BMI [r (61) = 0.33, p = .009] and fat mass [r(61) = 0.32, p = .01]. SED AP and SED INT were not associated with any of the indices of adiposity. Correlations between SB and adiposity were non-significant when controlling for MVPA., Conclusions: The relationship between SB and adiposity differed depending on how SB was operationally defined and measured, and was dependent on MVPA. The definition of SB based on a sitting posture (SED AP ) was not strongly related to body fat, whereas the accumulation of any behaviour (sitting or standing) with an intensity of <1.5 METs (SED SWA ) (offset by the presence of MVPA) was positively associated with indices of adiposity. These data suggest that the postural element of SB (sitting) is not sufficient for the accumulation of adiposity, rather activities requiring low EE (<1.5 METs) and the absence of MVPA, regardless of posture, are associated with higher fat mass., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: The widely accepted definition of sedentary behaviour [SB] refers to any waking behaviour characterized by an energy expenditure ≤1.5 metabolic equivalents [METs] while in a sitting or reclining posture. At present, there is no single field-based device which objectively measures sleep, posture and activity intensity simultaneously. The aim of this study was to develop a novel integrative procedure [INT] to combine information from two validated activity monitors on sleep, activity intensity and posture, the three key dimensions of SB., Methods: Participants in this analysis were initially recruited from a series of three studies conducted between December 2014 and June 2016 at the University of Leeds. Sixty-three female participants aged 37.1 (13.6) years with a body mass index of 29.6 (4.7) kg/m 2 were continuously monitored for 5-7 days with the SenseWear Armband [SWA] (sleep and activity intensity) and the activPAL [AP] (posture). Data from both activity monitors were analysed separately and integrated resulting in three measures of sedentary time. Differences in Sedentary time between the three measurement methods were assessed as well as how well the three measures correlated., Results: The three measures of sedentary time were positively correlated, with the weakest relationship between SED SWA (awake and <1.5 METs) and SED AP (awake and sitting/lying posture) [r(61) = .37,p = .003], followed by SED SWA and SED INT (awake, <1.5 METs and sitting/lying posture) [r(61) = .58,p < .001], and the strongest relationship was between SED AP and SED INT [r(61) = .91,p < .001]. There was a significant difference between the three measures of sedentary time [F(1.18,73.15) = 104.70,p < .001]. Post-hoc tests revealed all three methods differed significantly from each other [p < .001]. SED SWA resulted in the most sedentary time 11.74 (1.60) hours/day, followed by SED AP 10.16 (1.75) hours/day, and SED INT 9.10 (1.67) hours/day. Weekday and weekend day sedentary time did not differ for any of the measurement methods [p = .04-.25]., Conclusion: Information from two validated activity monitors was combined to obtain an objective measure of free-living SB based on posture and activity intensity during waking hours. The amount of sedentary time accumulated varied according to the definition of SB and its measurement. The novel data integration and processing procedures presented in this paper represents an opportunity to investigate whether different components of SB are differentially related to health end points.

Background/aim: With increasing rates of cancer survival in Australia, more people are living with long-term side effects of cancer and its treatment, and cancer survivorship is now considered a distinct phase of cancer care. While occupational therapists play an integral role in multidisciplinary care for people with chronic conditions, there is little evidence documenting the occupational therapy role for people living with chronic cancer-related conditions. This study aimed to explore the views of Australian occupational therapists about current practice and what constitutes best practice for cancer survivors., Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was developed and distributed via emailed invitations to the Occupational Therapy Australia membership to collect responses from occupational therapists in a range of locations and practice settings around Australia., Results: A total of 204 completed surveys were returned (response rate of 4%). More than 70% (n = 143) of respondents worked with people with cancer at least sometimes and most worked in acute (13.8%, n = 28) or community (11.2%, n = 23) settings. Participants rated equipment provision as the most common intervention (94%, n = 192), followed by energy conservation (91%, n = 185) and pressure care (78%, n = 160). Lack of funding for occupational therapy positions and a lack of recognition of the role of occupational therapy by health professionals and consumers were identified as key barriers to survivorship care., Conclusion: Research is needed to provide evidence supporting the role and practice of occupational therapy with cancer survivors. Collaborative work with multidisciplinary teams is needed to develop long-term routine treatment pathways that include occupational therapy interventions., (© 2017 Occupational Therapy Australia.)

Background: There is limited evidence that self-affirmation manipulations can promote health behavior change., Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore whether the efficacy of a self-affirmation manipulation at promoting exercise could be enhanced by an implementation intention intervention., Methods: Participants (Study 1 N = 120, Study 2 N = 116) were allocated to one of four conditions resulting from the two (self-affirmation manipulation: no affirmation, affirmation) by two (implementation intention manipulation: no implementation intention, implementation intention) experimental design. Exercise behavior was assessed 1 week post-intervention., Results: Contrary to prediction, those participants receiving both manipulations were significantly less likely to increase the amount they exercised compared to those receiving only the self-affirmation manipulation., Conclusion: Incorporating an implementation intention manipulation alongside a self-affirmation manipulation had a detrimental effect on exercise behavior; participants receiving both manipulations exercised significantly less in the week following the intervention.

Background: Poor long-term outcomes are expected after Fontan surgery, but these perspectives have been tainted by the poorly functioning Fontans suffering from arrhythmias. No predictions of outcome can be quoted to the increasing number of Fontan patients free from arrhythmic complications. The parameters determining improved exercise capacity and quality of life in this subgroup are yet unknown., Methods: Fontan survivors from our institution and living in Victoria were invited to participate in the study if they were more than 10 years of age, and free of arrhythmias. A mean of 17 +/- 4 years after Fontan, 36 patients, 23 with a classical atriopulmonary connection (AP) and 13 with a lateral tunnel (LT) underwent transthoracic echocardiography, cycloergometer exercise study, neurohumoral screening, and assessment of quality of life., Results: The only factor predicting worse exercise capacity was the type of Fontan performed; patients with LT having better exercise capacity than those with AP (percentage of predicted anaerobic threshold: 88 +/- 14% vs 72 +/- 14%, p < 0.005; percentage of predicted VO(2)max: 62 +/- 8% vs 54 +/- 7%, p < 0.005). Endothelin-1 levels were elevated in all patients (2.9 pmol/L, 2.5 to 3.7). Responses from the quality of life measures placed our Fontan cohort mainly within the normal population range. None of the preoperative and postoperative variables adversely affected patients' quality of life., Conclusions: The anaerobic threshold of arrhythmia-free Fontan patients operated with the lateral tunnel technique was relatively preserved. Despite restricted exercise capacity, Fontan patients, provided that they are free of arrhythmias, have a normal quality of life reflected in their reports of psychiatric symptoms and family relationships.