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11 results on '"Buckey, J.C."'

3. Hearing and Performance During a 70-h Exposure to Noise Simulating the Space Station Environment

Author

Abel, S.M., Crabtree, B., Baranski, J.V., Smith, D.G., Thompson, M.M., Steeneken, H.J.M., Verhave, J.A., Buckey, J.C., Alvarenga, D.L., Comtois, J.M., and TNO Technische Menskunde

Subjects
Questionnaires, Motivation, Atmosphere Exposure Chambers, Time Factors, Speech communication, Space, Hearing loss, Space Flight, Interpersonal communication, Cardiovascular function, Aerospace medicine, aviation Acoustics and Audiology Psychology, Cognition, Hearing, Memory, Auditory system, Speech, Cognitive function, Noise, Psychomotor Performance, Space Simulation, Psychoacoustics
Abstract

Introduction: Elevated hearing thresholds have been documented in some astronauts after long-term spaceflights although noise levels were lower than those normally associated with noise-induced hearing loss in ground-based operations. The present study was conducted to determine whether prolonged exposure (70 h) to levels (72 dBA) recorded on the International Space Station (ISS) service module would impact diverse measures of auditory function, as well as cognition and memory, motivation, and cardiovascular function. Method: Five mixed gender subgroups of five normal-hearing subjects, aged 20 50 yr, were sequestered for 70 h in an environment that modeled conditions on the ISS. They were assigned to one of three background conditions: quiet (n 5), continuous noise from the ISS service module (n 10), or continuous noise during the day only (n 10). Subjects were tested repeatedly within and across days as individuals or pair mates. Results: There were no negative effects of the noise on any of the outcome measures. Introduction of a delay or noise in a communication channel used in the assessment of speech communicability significantly affected the time taken for joint problem solving by partners. Discussion: The results of this study were not consistent with the observation of hearing loss measured after spaceflights. Nor were changes evident in cognition, motivation, or cardiovascular function. Factors which might account for the discrepancy are discussed.

Published
2004

6. Hearing Loss and Heavy Metal Toxicity in a Nicaraguan Mining Community: Audiological Results and Case Reports.

Author

Saunders, J.E., Jastrzembski, B.G., Buckey, J.C., Enriquez, D., MacKenzie, T.a., and Karagas, M.R.

Subjects
HEARING disorders, HEAVY metal toxicology, OTOACOUSTIC emissions, BIOACOUSTICS, CEREBROVASCULAR disease
Abstract

We measured fingernail metal levels, Békésy-type pure-tone thresholds and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) levels in 59 subjects residing in the gold mining community of Bonanza, Nicaragua. Auditory testing revealed widespread hearing loss in the cohort. Nail metal concentrations (mercury, lead, aluminum, manganese and arsenic) far exceeded reference levels. No relationship was found between metal levels and auditory test results for the group as a whole. Statistically significant relationships were found between DPOAE response amplitudes and metal concentrations in a subgroup with less than 40 h per week of significant noise exposure; however, conclusions regarding these relationships should be tempered by the large number of analyses performed. Several young individuals with high metal levels reported neurological symptoms and had poor hearing. The data suggest that metal levels in artisanal mining communities present a significant public health problem and may affect hearing. Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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