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2. Divergence of Arctic shrub growth associated with sea ice decline

Author

Buchwal, Agata, Sullivan, Patrick F, Macias-Fauria, Marc, Post, Eric, Myers-Smith, Isla H, Stroeve, Julienne C, Blok, Daan, Tape, Ken D, Forbes, Bruce C, Ropars, Pascale, Lévesque, Esther, Elberling, Bo, Angers-Blondin, Sandra, Boyle, Joseph S, Boudreau, Stéphane, Boulanger-Lapointe, Noémie, Gamm, Cassandra, Hallinger, Martin, Rachlewicz, Grzegorz, Young, Amanda, Zetterberg, Pentti, and Welker, Jeffrey M

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Ecology, Biological Sciences, Climate Action, Arctic Regions, Climate, Humidity, Ice Cover, Models, Theoretical, Plant Development, Seasons, Soil, Temperature, tundra shrubs, sea ice, Arctic, shrub rings, divergence
Abstract

Arctic sea ice extent (SIE) is declining at an accelerating rate with a wide range of ecological consequences. However, determining sea ice effects on tundra vegetation remains a challenge. In this study, we examined the universality or lack thereof in tundra shrub growth responses to changes in SIE and summer climate across the Pan-Arctic, taking advantage of 23 tundra shrub-ring chronologies from 19 widely distributed sites (56°N to 83°N). We show a clear divergence in shrub growth responses to SIE that began in the mid-1990s, with 39% of the chronologies showing declines and 57% showing increases in radial growth (decreasers and increasers, respectively). Structural equation models revealed that declining SIE was associated with rising air temperature and precipitation for increasers and with increasingly dry conditions for decreasers. Decreasers tended to be from areas of the Arctic with lower summer precipitation and their growth decline was related to decreases in the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index. Our findings suggest that moisture limitation, associated with declining SIE, might inhibit the positive effects of warming on shrub growth over a considerable part of the terrestrial Arctic, thereby complicating predictions of vegetation change and future tundra productivity.

Published
2020

4. Tundra Trait Team: A database of plant traits spanning the tundra biome

Author

Bjorkman, Anne D, Myers‐Smith, Isla H, Elmendorf, Sarah C, Normand, Signe, Thomas, Haydn JD, Alatalo, Juha M, Alexander, Heather, Anadon‐Rosell, Alba, Angers‐Blondin, Sandra, Bai, Yang, Baruah, Gaurav, Beest, Mariska te, Berner, Logan, Björk, Robert G, Blok, Daan, Bruelheide, Helge, Buchwal, Agata, Buras, Allan, Carbognani, Michele, Christie, Katherine, Collier, Laura S, Cooper, Elisabeth J, Cornelissen, J Hans C, Dickinson, Katharine JM, Dullinger, Stefan, Elberling, Bo, Eskelinen, Anu, Forbes, Bruce C, Frei, Esther R, Iturrate‐Garcia, Maitane, Good, Megan K, Grau, Oriol, Green, Peter, Greve, Michelle, Grogan, Paul, Haider, Sylvia, Hájek, Tomáš, Hallinger, Martin, Happonen, Konsta, Harper, Karen A, Heijmans, Monique MPD, Henry, Gregory HR, Hermanutz, Luise, Hewitt, Rebecca E, Hollister, Robert D, Hudson, James, Hülber, Karl, Iversen, Colleen M, Jaroszynska, Francesca, Jiménez‐Alfaro, Borja, Johnstone, Jill, Jorgensen, Rasmus Halfdan, Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Klady, Rebecca, Klimešová, Jitka, Korsten, Annika, Kuleza, Sara, Kulonen, Aino, Lamarque, Laurent J, Lantz, Trevor, Lavalle, Amanda, Lembrechts, Jonas J, Lévesque, Esther, Little, Chelsea J, Luoto, Miska, Macek, Petr, Mack, Michelle C, Mathakutha, Rabia, Michelsen, Anders, Milbau, Ann, Molau, Ulf, Morgan, John W, Mörsdorf, Martin Alfons, Nabe‐Nielsen, Jacob, Nielsen, Sigrid Schøler, Ninot, Josep M, Oberbauer, Steven F, Olofsson, Johan, Onipchenko, Vladimir G, Petraglia, Alessandro, Pickering, Catherine, Prevéy, Janet S, Rixen, Christian, Rumpf, Sabine B, Schaepman‐Strub, Gabriela, Semenchuk, Philipp, Shetti, Rohan, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A, Spasojevic, Marko J, Speed, James David Mervyn, Street, Lorna E, Suding, Katharine, Tape, Ken D, Tomaselli, Marcello, Trant, Andrew, Treier, Urs A, Tremblay, Jean‐Pierre, Tremblay, Maxime, Venn, Susanna, and Virkkala, Anna‐Maria

Subjects
alpine, Arctic, plant functional traits, tundra, Ecology
Published
2018

7. Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome

Author

Bjorkman, Anne D, Myers-Smith, Isla H, Elmendorf, Sarah C, Normand, Signe, Rüger, Nadja, Beck, Pieter SA, Blach-Overgaard, Anne, Blok, Daan, Cornelissen, J Hans C, Forbes, Bruce C, Georges, Damien, Goetz, Scott J, Guay, Kevin C, Henry, Gregory HR, HilleRisLambers, Janneke, Hollister, Robert D, Karger, Dirk N, Kattge, Jens, Manning, Peter, Prevéy, Janet S, Rixen, Christian, Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, Thomas, Haydn JD, Vellend, Mark, Wilmking, Martin, Wipf, Sonja, Carbognani, Michele, Hermanutz, Luise, Lévesque, Esther, Molau, Ulf, Petraglia, Alessandro, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A, Spasojevic, Marko J, Tomaselli, Marcello, Vowles, Tage, Alatalo, Juha M, Alexander, Heather D, Anadon-Rosell, Alba, Angers-Blondin, Sandra, Beest, Mariska te, Berner, Logan, Björk, Robert G, Buchwal, Agata, Buras, Allan, Christie, Katherine, Cooper, Elisabeth J, Dullinger, Stefan, Elberling, Bo, Eskelinen, Anu, Frei, Esther R, Grau, Oriol, Grogan, Paul, Hallinger, Martin, Harper, Karen A, Heijmans, Monique MPD, Hudson, James, Hülber, Karl, Iturrate-Garcia, Maitane, Iversen, Colleen M, Jaroszynska, Francesca, Johnstone, Jill F, Jørgensen, Rasmus Halfdan, Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Klady, Rebecca, Kuleza, Sara, Kulonen, Aino, Lamarque, Laurent J, Lantz, Trevor, Little, Chelsea J, Speed, James DM, Michelsen, Anders, Milbau, Ann, Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob, Nielsen, Sigrid Schøler, Ninot, Josep M, Oberbauer, Steven F, Olofsson, Johan, Onipchenko, Vladimir G, Rumpf, Sabine B, Semenchuk, Philipp, Shetti, Rohan, Collier, Laura Siegwart, Street, Lorna E, Suding, Katharine N, Tape, Ken D, Trant, Andrew, Treier, Urs A, Tremblay, Jean-Pierre, Tremblay, Maxime, Venn, Susanna, Weijers, Stef, Zamin, Tara, Boulanger-Lapointe, Noémie, Gould, William A, Hik, David S, Hofgaard, Annika, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S, Jorgenson, Janet, Klein, Julia, and Magnusson, Borgthor

Subjects
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Environmental Sciences, Climate Action, Biometry, Geographic Mapping, Global Warming, Humidity, Phenotype, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Plants, Soil, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Temperature, Tundra, Water, General Science & Technology
Abstract

The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and climate. A better understanding of how environmental factors shape plant structure and function is crucial for predicting the consequences of environmental change for ecosystem functioning. Here we explore the biome-wide relationships between temperature, moisture and seven key plant functional traits both across space and over three decades of warming at 117 tundra locations. Spatial temperature-trait relationships were generally strong but soil moisture had a marked influence on the strength and direction of these relationships, highlighting the potentially important influence of changes in water availability on future trait shifts in tundra plant communities. Community height increased with warming across all sites over the past three decades, but other traits lagged far behind predicted rates of change. Our findings highlight the challenge of using space-for-time substitution to predict the functional consequences of future warming and suggest that functions that are tied closely to plant height will experience the most rapid change. They also reveal the strength with which environmental factors shape biotic communities at the coldest extremes of the planet and will help to improve projections of functional changes in tundra ecosystems with climate warming.

Published
2018

14. Methods for measuring arctic and alpine shrub growth: A review

Author

Myers-Smith, Isla H., Hallinger, Martin, Blok, Daan, Sass-Klaassen, Ute, Rayback, Shelly A., Weijers, Stef, J. Trant, Andrew, Tape, Ken D., Naito, Adam T., Wipf, Sonja, Rixen, Christian, Dawes, Melissa A., A. Wheeler, Julia, Buchwal, Agata, Baittinger, Claudia, Macias-Fauria, Marc, Forbes, Bruce C., Lévesque, Esther, Boulanger-Lapointe, Noémie, Beil, Ilka, Ravolainen, Virve, and Wilmking, Martin

Published
2015
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15. Background invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex) increases with temperature and precipitation across the tundra biome

Author

Barrio, Isabel C., Lindén, Elin, Te Beest, Mariska, Olofsson, Johan, Rocha, Adrian, Soininen, Eeva M., Alatalo, Juha M., Andersson, Tommi, Asmus, Ashley, Boike, Julia, Bråthen, Kari Anne, Bryant, John P., Buchwal, Agata, Bueno, C. Guillermo, Christie, Katherine S., Denisova, Yulia V., Egelkraut, Dagmar, Ehrich, Dorothee, Fishback, LeeAnn, Forbes, Bruce C., Gartzia, Maite, Grogan, Paul, Hallinger, Martin, Heijmans, Monique M. P. D., Hik, David S., Hofgaard, Annika, Holmgren, Milena, Høye, Toke T., Huebner, Diane C., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala, Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Kumpula, Timo, Lange, Cynthia Y. M. J. G., Lange, Jelena, Lévesque, Esther, Limpens, Juul, Macias-Fauria, Marc, Myers-Smith, Isla, van Nieukerken, Erik J., Normand, Signe, Post, Eric S., Schmidt, Niels Martin, Sitters, Judith, Skoracka, Anna, Sokolov, Alexander, Sokolova, Natalya, Speed, James D. M., Street, Lorna E., Sundqvist, Maja K., Suominen, Otso, Tananaev, Nikita, Tremblay, Jean-Pierre, Urbanowicz, Christine, Uvarov, Sergey A., Watts, David, Wilmking, Martin, Wookey, Philip A., Zimmermann, Heike H., Zverev, Vitali, and Kozlov, Mikhail V.

Published
2017
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16. Circum-Arctic distribution of chemical anti-herbivore compounds suggests biome-wide trade-off in defence strategies in Arctic shrubs

Author

Lindén, Elin, te Beest, Mariska, Abreu, Ilka N., Moritz, Thomas, Sundqvist, Maja K., Barrio, Isabel C., Boike, Julia, Bryant, John P., Bråthen, Kari Anne, Buchwal, Agata, Bueno, C. Guillermo, Cuerrier, Alain, Egelkraut, Dagmar D., Forbes, Bruce C., Hallinger, Martin, Heijmans, Monique, Hermanutz, Luise, Hik, David S., Hofgaard, Annika, Holmgren, Milena, Huebner, Diane C., Høye, Toke T., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Kissler, Emilie, Kumpula, Timo, Limpens, Juul, Myers-Smith, Isla H., Normand, Signe, Post, Eric, Rocha, Adrian V., Schmidt, Niels Martin, Skarin, Anna, Soininen, Eeva M., Sokolov, Aleksandr, Sokolova, Natalia, Speed, James D. M., Street, Lorna, Tananaev, Nikita, Tremblay, Jean-Pierre, Urbanowicz, Christine, Watts, David A., Zimmermann, Heike, Olofsson, Johan, Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, and Research Centre for Ecological Change

Subjects
tundra, birch, Zoology and botany: 480 [VDP], climate adaptation, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, ECOLOGY, EU Birds Directive, Arctic, VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480, conservation policy, Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP], PHENOLICS, distribution change, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Betula, SUPPRESSION, Ekologi, TANNINS, WIMEK, Ecology, herbivory, LIFE program, colonization, PE&RC, metabolomics, wetland, plant chemical defence, COMMUNITY, shrubs, Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, VEGETATION, WOODY, RESPONSES
Abstract

Spatial variation in plant chemical defence towards herbivores can help us understand variation in herbivore top–down control of shrubs in the Arctic and possibly also shrub responses to global warming. Less defended, non-resinous shrubs could be more influenced by herbivores than more defended, resinous shrubs. However, sparse field measurements limit our current understanding of how much of the circum-Arctic variation in defence compounds is explained by taxa or defence functional groups (resinous/non-resinous). We measured circum-Arctic chemical defence and leaf digestibility in resinous (Betula glandulosa, B. nana ssp. exilis) and non-resinous (B. nana ssp. nana, B. pumila) shrub birches to see how they vary among and within taxa and functional groups. Using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) metabolomic analyses and in vitro leaf digestibility via incubation in cattle rumen fluid, we analysed defence composition and leaf digestibility in 128 samples from 44 tundra locations. We found biogeographical patterns in anti-herbivore defence where mean leaf triterpene concentrations and twig resin gland density were greater in resinous taxa and mean concentrations of condensing tannins were greater in non-resinous taxa. This indicates a biome-wide trade-off between triterpene- or tannin-dominated defences. However, we also found variations in chemical defence composition and resin gland density both within and among functional groups (resinous/non-resinous) and taxa, suggesting these categorisations only partly predict chemical herbivore defence. Complex tannins were the only defence compounds negatively related to in vitro digestibility, identifying this previously neglected tannin group as having a potential key role in birch anti-herbivore defence. We conclude that circum-Arctic variation in birch anti-herbivore defence can be partly derived from biogeographical distributions of birch taxa, although our detailed mapping of plant defence provides more information on this variation and can be used for better predictions of herbivore effects on Arctic vegetation.rotected area networks help species respond to climate warming. However, the contribution of a site’s environmental and conservation-relevant characteristics to these responsesis not well understood. We investigated how composition of nonbreeding waterbird communities (97 species) in the European Union Natura 2000 (N2K) network (3018 sites)changed in response to increases in temperature over 25 years in 26 European countries.We measured community reshuffling based on abundance time series collected under theInternational Waterbird Census relative to N2K sites’ conservation targets, funding, designation period, and management plan status. Waterbird community composition in sitesexplicitly designated to protect them and with management plans changed more quickly inresponse to climate warming than in other N2K sites. Temporal community changes werenot affected by the designation period despite greater exposure to temperature increaseinside late-designated N2K sites. Sites funded under the LIFE program had lower climate-driven community changes than sites that did not received LIFE funding. Our findingsimply that efficient conservation policy that helps waterbird communities respond to cli-mate warming is associated with sites specifically managed for waterbirds. climate adaptation, colonization, conservation policy, distribution change, EU Birds Directive, LIFE program,wetland. Arctic, Betula, birch, herbivory, metabolomics, plant chemical defence, shrubs, tundra publishedVersion

Published
2022

19. Growth rings show limited evidence for ungulates' potential to suppress shrubs across the Arctic

Author

Vuorinen, Katariina E. M., Austrheim, Gunnar, Tremblay, Jean-Pierre, Myers-Smith, Isla H., Hortman, Hans, Frank, Peter, Barrio, Isabel C., Dalerum, Fredrik, Björkman, Mats P., Björk, Robert G., Ehrich, Dorothee, Sokolov, Aleksandr, Sokolova, Natalya, Ropars, Pascale, Boudreau, Stéphane, Normand, Signe, Prendin, Angela L., Schmidt, Niels Martin, Pacheco-Solana, Arturo, Post, Eric, John, Christian, Kerby, Jeff, Sullivan, Patrick F., Le Moullec, Mathilde, Hansen, Brage B., van der Wal, Rene, Pedersen, Åshild Ø., Sandal, Lisa, Gough, Laura, Young, Amanda, Li, Bingxi, Magnússon, Rúna Í, Sass-Klaassen, Ute, Buchwal, Agata, Welker, Jeffrey, Grogan, Paul, Andruko, Rhett, Morrissette-Boileau, Clara, Volkovitskiy, Alexander, Terekhina, Alexandra, Speed, James D. M., Vuorinen, Katariina E. M., Austrheim, Gunnar, Tremblay, Jean-Pierre, Myers-Smith, Isla H., Hortman, Hans, Frank, Peter, Barrio, Isabel C., Dalerum, Fredrik, Björkman, Mats P., Björk, Robert G., Ehrich, Dorothee, Sokolov, Aleksandr, Sokolova, Natalya, Ropars, Pascale, Boudreau, Stéphane, Normand, Signe, Prendin, Angela L., Schmidt, Niels Martin, Pacheco-Solana, Arturo, Post, Eric, John, Christian, Kerby, Jeff, Sullivan, Patrick F., Le Moullec, Mathilde, Hansen, Brage B., van der Wal, Rene, Pedersen, Åshild Ø., Sandal, Lisa, Gough, Laura, Young, Amanda, Li, Bingxi, Magnússon, Rúna Í, Sass-Klaassen, Ute, Buchwal, Agata, Welker, Jeffrey, Grogan, Paul, Andruko, Rhett, Morrissette-Boileau, Clara, Volkovitskiy, Alexander, Terekhina, Alexandra, and Speed, James D. M.

Abstract

Global warming has pronounced effects on tundra vegetation, and rising mean temperatures increase plant growth potential across the Arctic biome. Herbivores may counteract the warming impacts by reducing plant growth, but the strength of this effect may depend on prevailing regional climatic conditions. To study how ungulates interact with temperature to influence growth of tundra shrubs across the Arctic tundra biome, we assembled dendroecological data from 20 sites, comprising 1153 individual shrubs and 223 63 annual growth rings. Evidence for ungulates suppressing shrub radial growth was only observed at intermediate summer temperatures (6.5 °C–9 °C), and even at these temperatures the effect was not strong. Multiple factors, including forage preferences and landscape use by the ungulates, and favourable climatic conditions enabling effective compensatory growth of shrubs, may weaken the effects of ungulates on shrubs, possibly explaining the weakness of observed ungulate effects. Earlier local studies have shown that ungulates may counteract the impacts of warming on tundra shrub growth, but we demonstrate that ungulates' potential to suppress shrub radial growth is not always evident, and may be limited to certain climatic conditions.

Published
2022
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20. Circum-Arctic distribution of chemical anti-herbivore compounds suggests biome-wide trade-off in defence strategies in Arctic shrubs

Author

Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Lindén, Elin, te Beest, Mariska, Abreu, Ilka N., Moritz, Thomas, Sundqvist, Maja K., Barrio, Isabel C., Boike, Julia, Bryant, John P., Bråthen, Kari Anne, Buchwal, Agata, Bueno, C. Guillermo, Cuerrier, Alain, Egelkraut, Dagmar D., Forbes, Bruce C., Hallinger, Martin, Heijmans, Monique, Hermanutz, Luise, Hik, David S., Hofgaard, Annika, Holmgren, Milena, Huebner, Diane C., Høye, Toke T., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Kissler, Emilie, Kumpula, Timo, Limpens, Juul, Myers-Smith, Isla H., Normand, Signe, Post, Eric, Rocha, Adrian V., Schmidt, Niels Martin, Skarin, Anna, Soininen, Eeva M., Sokolov, Aleksandr, Sokolova, Natalia, Speed, James D. M., Street, Lorna, Tananaev, Nikita, Tremblay, Jean-Pierre, Urbanowicz, Christine, Watts, David A., Zimmermann, Heike, Olofsson, Johan, Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Lindén, Elin, te Beest, Mariska, Abreu, Ilka N., Moritz, Thomas, Sundqvist, Maja K., Barrio, Isabel C., Boike, Julia, Bryant, John P., Bråthen, Kari Anne, Buchwal, Agata, Bueno, C. Guillermo, Cuerrier, Alain, Egelkraut, Dagmar D., Forbes, Bruce C., Hallinger, Martin, Heijmans, Monique, Hermanutz, Luise, Hik, David S., Hofgaard, Annika, Holmgren, Milena, Huebner, Diane C., Høye, Toke T., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Kissler, Emilie, Kumpula, Timo, Limpens, Juul, Myers-Smith, Isla H., Normand, Signe, Post, Eric, Rocha, Adrian V., Schmidt, Niels Martin, Skarin, Anna, Soininen, Eeva M., Sokolov, Aleksandr, Sokolova, Natalia, Speed, James D. M., Street, Lorna, Tananaev, Nikita, Tremblay, Jean-Pierre, Urbanowicz, Christine, Watts, David A., Zimmermann, Heike, and Olofsson, Johan

Published
2022

21. Circum-Arctic distribution of chemical anti-herbivore compounds arctic shrubs

Author

Lindén, Elin, te Beest, Mariska, Aubreu, Ilka, Moritz, Thomas, Sundqvist, Maja K., Barrio, Isabel C., Boike, Julia, Bryant, John P., Bråthen, Kari Anne, Buchwal, Agata, Bueno, Guillermo, Currier, Alain, Egelkraut, Dagmar D., Forbes, Bruce C., Hallinger, Martin, Heijmans, Monique, Hermanutz, Luise, Hik, David S., Hofgaard, Annika, Holmgren, Milena, Huebner, Diane C., Høye, Toke T., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Kissler, Emilie, Kumpula, Timo, Limpens, Juul, Myers-Smith, Isla H., Normand, Signe, Post, Eric, Rocha, Adrian V., Schmidt, Niels Martin, Skarin, Anna, Soininen, Eeva M., Sokolov, Aleksandr, Sokolova, Natalia, Speed, James D.M., Street, Lorna, Tananaev, Nikita, Tremblay, Jean Pierre, Urbanowicz, Christine, Watts, David A., Zimmermann, Heike, Olofsson, Johan, Lindén, Elin, te Beest, Mariska, Aubreu, Ilka, Moritz, Thomas, Sundqvist, Maja K., Barrio, Isabel C., Boike, Julia, Bryant, John P., Bråthen, Kari Anne, Buchwal, Agata, Bueno, Guillermo, Currier, Alain, Egelkraut, Dagmar D., Forbes, Bruce C., Hallinger, Martin, Heijmans, Monique, Hermanutz, Luise, Hik, David S., Hofgaard, Annika, Holmgren, Milena, Huebner, Diane C., Høye, Toke T., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Kissler, Emilie, Kumpula, Timo, Limpens, Juul, Myers-Smith, Isla H., Normand, Signe, Post, Eric, Rocha, Adrian V., Schmidt, Niels Martin, Skarin, Anna, Soininen, Eeva M., Sokolov, Aleksandr, Sokolova, Natalia, Speed, James D.M., Street, Lorna, Tananaev, Nikita, Tremblay, Jean Pierre, Urbanowicz, Christine, Watts, David A., Zimmermann, Heike, and Olofsson, Johan

Abstract

Spatial variation in plant chemical defence towards herbivores can help us understand variation in herbivore top-down control of shrubs in the Arctic and possibly also shrub responses to global warming. Less defended, non-resinous shrubs could be more influenced by herbivores than more defended, resinous shrubs. However, sparse field measurements limit our current understanding of how much of the circum-Arctic variation in defence compounds is explained by taxa or defence functional groups (resinous/non-resinous). We measured circum-Arctic chemical defence and leaf digestibility in resinous (Betula glandulosa, B. nana ssp. exilis) and non-resinous (B. nana ssp. nana, B. pumila) shrub birches to see how it varies among and within taxa and functional groups. Using LC-MS metabolomic analyses and in-vitro leaf digestibility via incubation in cattle rumen fluid, we analysed defence composition and leaf digestibility in 128 samples from 44 tundra locations. We found biogeographical patterns in anti-herbivore defence where mean leaf triterpene concentrations and twig resin gland density were greater in resinous taxa and mean concentrations of condensing tannins were greater in non-resinous taxa. This indicates a biome-wide trade-off between triterpene or tannin dominated defences. However, we also found variations in chemical defence composition and resin gland density both within and among functional groups (resinous/non-resinous) and taxa, suggesting these categorisations only partly predict chemical herbivore defence. Complex tannins were the only defence compounds negatively related to In-Vitro Digestibility, identifying this previously neglected tannin group as having a potential key role in birch anti-herbivore defence. We conclude that circum-Arctic variation in birch anti-herbivore defence can be partly derived from biogeographical distributions of birch taxa, although our detailed mapping of plant defence provides more information on this variation and can be used, Spatial variation in plant chemical defence towards herbivores can help us understand variation in herbivore top-down control of shrubs in the Arctic and possibly also shrub responses to global warming. Less defended, non-resinous shrubs could be more influenced by herbivores than more defended, resinous shrubs. However, sparse field measurements limit our current understanding of how much of the circum-Arctic variation in defence compounds is explained by taxa or defence functional groups (resinous/non-resinous). We measured circum-Arctic chemical defence and leaf digestibility in resinous (Betula glandulosa, B. nana ssp. exilis) and non-resinous (B. nana ssp. nana, B. pumila) shrub birches to see how it varies among and within taxa and functional groups. Using LC-MS metabolomic analyses and in-vitro leaf digestibility via incubation in cattle rumen fluid, we analysed defence composition and leaf digestibility in 128 samples from 44 tundra locations. We found biogeographical patterns in anti-herbivore defence where mean leaf triterpene concentrations and twig resin gland density were greater in resinous taxa and mean concentrations of condensing tannins were greater in non-resinous taxa. This indicates a biome-wide trade-off between triterpene or tannin dominated defences. However, we also found variations in chemical defence composition and resin gland density both within and among functional groups (resinous/non-resinous) and taxa, suggesting these categorisations only partly predict chemical herbivore defence. Complex tannins were the only defence compounds negatively related to In-Vitro Digestibility, identifying this previously neglected tannin group as having a potential key role in birch anti-herbivore defence. We conclude that circum-Arctic variation in birch anti-herbivore defence can be partly derived from biogeographical distributions of birch taxa, although our detailed mapping of plant defence provides more information on this variation and can be used

Published
2022

22. Publisher Correction to: Background invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex) increases with temperature and precipitation across the tundra biome

Author

Barrio, Isabel C., Lindén, Elin, Te Beest, Mariska, Olofsson, Johan, Rocha, Adrian, Soininen, Eeva M., Alatalo, Juha M., Andersson, Tommi, Asmus, Ashley, Boike, Julia, Bråthen, Kari Anne, Bryant, John P., Buchwal, Agata, Bueno, C. Guillermo, Christie, Katherine S., Denisova, Yulia V., Egelkraut, Dagmar, Ehrich, Dorothee, Fishback, LeeAnn, Forbes, Bruce C., Gartzia, Maite, Grogan, Paul, Hallinger, Martin, Heijmans, Monique M. P. D., Hik, David S., Hofgaard, Annika, Holmgren, Milena, Høye, Toke T., Huebner, Diane C., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala, Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Kumpula, Timo, Lange, Cynthia Y. M. J. G., Lange, Jelena, Lévesque, Esther, Limpens, Juul, Macias-Fauria, Marc, Myers-Smith, Isla, van Nieukerken, Erik J., Normand, Signe, Post, Eric S., Schmidt, Niels Martin, Sitters, Judith, Skoracka, Anna, Sokolov, Alexander, Sokolova, Natalya, Speed, James D. M., Street, Lorna E., Sundqvist, Maja K., Suominen, Otso, Tananaev, Nikita, Tremblay, Jean-Pierre, Urbanowicz, Christine, Uvarov, Sergey A., Watts, David, Wilmking, Martin, Wookey, Philip A., Zimmermann, Heike H., Zverev, Vitali, and Kozlov, Mikhail V.

Published
2018
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23. Growth rings show limited evidence for ungulates’ potential to suppress shrubs across the Arctic

Author

Vuorinen, Katariina, primary, Austrheim, Gunnar, additional, Tremblay, Jean-Pierre, additional, Myers-Smith, Isla H., additional, Hortman, Hans Ivar, additional, Frank, Peter, additional, Barrio, Isabel C., additional, Dalerum, Fredrik, additional, Björkman, Mats P., additional, Björk, Robert G., additional, Ehrich, Dorothee, additional, Sokolov, Aleksandr, additional, Sokolova, Natalia, additional, Ropars, Pascale, additional, Boudreau, Stephane, additional, Normand, Signe, additional, Prendin, Angela Luisa, additional, Schmidt, Niels Martin, additional, Pacheco, Arturo, additional, Post, Eric, additional, John, Christian, additional, Kerby, Jeff T, additional, Sullivan, Patrick F, additional, Le Moullec, Mathilde, additional, Hansen, Brage Bremset, additional, Van der Wal, Rene, additional, Pedersen, Åshild Ønvik, additional, Sandal, Lisa, additional, Gough, Laura, additional, Young, Amanda, additional, Li, Bingxi, additional, Magnússon, Rúna Íris, additional, Sass-Klaassen, Ute, additional, Buchwal, Agata, additional, Welker, Jeffery M, additional, Grogan, Paul, additional, Andruko, Rhett, additional, Morrissette-Boileau, Clara, additional, Volkovitskiy, Alexander, additional, Terekhina, Alexandra, additional, and Speed, James David Mervyn, additional

Published
2022
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25. Above Ground biomass stocks, pool ages and fluxes in the largest arctic delta, the Lena Delta in Siberia

Author

Heim, Birgit, Shevtsova, Iuliia, Buchwal, Agata, Rachlewicz, Grzegorz, Lisovski, Simeon, Runge, Alexandra, Fuchs, Matthias, Grosse, Guido, Kruse, Stefan, Herzschuh, Ulrike, Bartsch, Annett, Heim, Birgit, Shevtsova, Iuliia, Buchwal, Agata, Rachlewicz, Grzegorz, Lisovski, Simeon, Runge, Alexandra, Fuchs, Matthias, Grosse, Guido, Kruse, Stefan, Herzschuh, Ulrike, and Bartsch, Annett

Abstract

Vegetation biomass is a globally important climate-relevant terrestrial carbon pool. Landsat, Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 satellite missions provide a landscape-level opportunity to upscale tundra vegetation communities and biomass in high latitude terrestrial environments. We assessed the applicability of landscape-level remote sensing for the low Arctic Lena Delta region in Northern Yakutia, Siberia, Russia. The Lena Delta is the largest delta in the Arctic and is located North of the treeline and the 10 °C July isotherm at 72° Northern Latitude in the Laptev Sea region. During the LENA2018 expedition, we set up plots for plant projective cover and Above Ground Biomass (AGB) and sampled shrubs for shrub-ring analyses. AGB is providing the magnitude of the carbon flux, whereas stand age is irreplaceable to provide the cycle rate. AGB data and shrub age data clearly show a separation between i) low disturbance landscape types with dominant AGB moss contribution, but always low vascular plant AGB (<0.5 kg m-2) characterised by old shrubs of several decades of stand age versus ii) a much higher vascular plant AGB contribution (> 0.5 kg m-2) with only young shrubs in high disturbance regimes. The low disturbance regimes are represented on the Holocene and Pleistocene delta terraces in form of azonal polygonal tundra complexes and softly dissected valleys with zonal tussock tundra. In contrast, the high disturbance regimes are sites of thermo-erosion such as along thermo-erosional valleys and on floodplains. We upscaled AGB and above ground carbon pool ages using a Sentinel-2 satellite acquisition from early August 2018. We classified via classification training using Elementary Sampling Units that are the 30 m x 30 m vegetation field plots. We then used the land cover classes and grouped them according to their settings either in high disturbance or low disturbance regimes with each associated AGB value ranges and shrub age regimes. We also evaluated circum-Arctic harmon

Published
2021

27. Remote Sensing approaches for assessing vegetation carbon stocks and fluxes in the Lena River Delta (Northern Yakutia, Russia)

Author

Heim, Birgit, Shevtsova, Iuliia, Runge, Alexandra, Kruse, Stefan, Nitze, Ingmar, Grosse, Guido, Herzschuh, Ulrike, Buchwal, Agata, Rachlewicz, Grzegorz, Bartsch, Annett, Heim, Birgit, Shevtsova, Iuliia, Runge, Alexandra, Kruse, Stefan, Nitze, Ingmar, Grosse, Guido, Herzschuh, Ulrike, Buchwal, Agata, Rachlewicz, Grzegorz, and Bartsch, Annett

Abstract

Uncertainty in carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems contributes to overall uncertainty in Earth System Models. In particular, polar terrestrial ecosystems are understudied. Here, we focus on optical and radar remote sensing approaches to understand above-ground carbon dynamics related to vegetation as primary producers in tundra permafrost landscapes. In the ongoing Russian-German research cooperation and joint field expeditions we evaluate the applicability of remote sensing for assessing vegetation stocks and short-term fluxes in the Lena River Delta in the Siberian Arctic. New spaceborne satellite missions such as Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and ESA Data User Element DUE Permafrost provide useful services and data for this investigation. i) We evaluated and ground-truthed circumarctic-harmonized geospatial products of land cover and vegetation height from the ESA GlobPermafrost program for the Lena Delta region. The remote sensing products were derived from radar Sentinel-1 and optical Sentinel-2 satellite data. They are findable in the Arctic Permafrost Spatial Center (APGC) (apgc.awi.de) and are published under 10.1594/PANGAEA.897916, [Titel anhand dieser DOI in Citavi-Projekt übernehmen] and 10.1594/PANGAEA.897045 [Titel anhand dieser DOI in Citavi-Projekt übernehmen] . ii) We classified land cover using Sentinel-2 data based on in-situ vegetation data and optimized on biomass and wetness regimes. iii) We investigated the applicability of different land cover products for upscaling in-situ field-based biomass estimates to landscape-scale above-ground vegetation carbon stocks. iv) We investigated how disturbances enhance above-ground vegetation carbon cycling using in-situ data on vegetation community, biomass, and stand age and including remote sensing observations. Our research suggests that subarctic land cover needs to show biomass and moisture regimes to be applicable. Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite missions provide adequate spatial high resolution to

Published
2020

29. Tundra Trait Team:A database of plant traits spanning the tundra biome

Author

Bjorkman, Anne D., Myers-Smith, Isla H., Elmendorf, Sarah C., Normand, Signe, Thomas, Haydn J. D., Alatalo, Juha M., Alexander, Heather, Anadon-Rosell, Alba, Angers-Blondin, Sandra, Bai, Yang, Baruah, Gaurav, te Beest, Mariska, Berner, Logan, Bjork, Robert G., Blok, Daan, Bruelheide, Helge, Buchwal, Agata, Buras, Allan, Carbognani, Michele, Christie, Katherine, Collier, Laura S., Cooper, Elisabeth J., Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Dickinson, Katharine J. M., Dullinger, Stefan, Elberling, Bo, Eskelinen, Anu, Forbes, Bruce C., Frei, Esther R., Iturrate-Garcia, Maitane, Good, Megan K., Grau, Oriol, Green, Peter, Greve, Michelle, Grogan, Paul, Haider, Sylvia, Hajek, Tomas, Hallinger, Martin, Happonen, Konsta, Harper, Karen A., Heijmans, Monique M. P. D., Henry, Gregory H. R., Hermanutz, Luise, Hewitt, Rebecca E., Hollister, Robert D., Hudson, James, Huelber, Karl, Iversen, Colleen M., Jaroszynska, Francesca, Jimenez-Alfaro, Borja, Johnstone, Jill, Jorgensen, Rasmus Halfdan, Kaarlejarvi, Elina, Klady, Rebecca, Klimesova, Jitka, Korsten, Annika, Kuleza, Sara, Kulonen, Aino, Lamarque, Laurent J., Lantz, Trevor, Lavalle, Amanda, Lembrechts, Jonas J., Levesque, Esther, Little, Chelsea J., Luoto, Miska, Macek, Petr, Mack, Michelle C., Mathakutha, Rabia, Michelsen, Anders, Milbau, Ann, Molau, Ulf, Morgan, John W., Morsdorf, Martin Alfons, Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob, Nielsen, Sigrid Scholer, Ninot, Josep M., Oberbauer, Steven F., Olofsson, Johan, Onipchenko, Vladimir G., Petraglia, Alessandro, Pickering, Catherine, Prevey, Janet S., Rixen, Christian, Rumpf, Sabine B., Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, Semenchuk, Philipp, Shetti, Rohan, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Spasojevic, Marko J., Speed, James David Mervyn, Street, Lorna E., Suding, Katharine, Tape, Ken D., Tomaselli, Marcello, Trant, Andrew, Treier, Urs A., Tremblay, Jean-Pierre, Tremblay, Maxime, Venn, Susanna, Virkkala, Anna-Maria, Vowles, Tage, Weijers, Stef, Wilmking, Martin, Wipf, Sonja, Zamin, Tara, Systems Ecology, Spatial Ecology and Global Change, and Environmental Sciences

Subjects
Ekologi, Chemistry, Arctic, plant functional traits, tundra, Ecology, Economics, Ecological Applications, alpine, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497, Biology
Abstract

Motivation: The Tundra Trait Team (TTT) database includes field-based measurements of key traits related to plant form and function at multiple sites across the tundra biome. This dataset can be used to address theoretical questions about plant strategy and trade-offs, trait environment relationships and environmental filtering, and trait variation across spatial scales, to validate satellite data, and to inform Earth system model parameters. Main types of variable contained: The database contains 91,970 measurements of 18 plant traits. The most frequently measured traits (>1,000 observations each) include plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf fresh and dry mass, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus content, leaf C:N and N:P, seed mass, and stem specific density. Spatial location and grain: Measurements were collected in tundra habitats in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, including Arctic sites in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Fennoscandia and Siberia, alpine sites in the European Alps, Colorado Rockies, Caucasus, Ural Mountains, Pyrenees, Australian Alps, and Central Otago Mountains (New Zealand), and sub-Antarctic Marion Island. More than 99% of observations are georeferenced. Time period and grain: All data were collected between 1964 and 2018. A small number of sites have repeated trait measurements at two or more time periods. Major taxa and level of measurement: Trait measurements were made on 978 terrestrial vascular plant species growing in tundra habitats. Most observations are on individuals (86%), while the remainder represent plot or site means or maximums per species. Software format: csv file and GitHub repository with data cleaning scripts in R; contribution to TRY plant trait database (www.try-db.org) to be included in the next version release. 2Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark 3Senckenberg Gesellschaft fD?r Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK?F), Frankfurt, Germany 4Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 5National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, Colorado 6Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 7Arctic Research Center, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark 8Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark 9Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar 10Department of Forestry, Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University, Mississippi 11Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain 12Biodiversity Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain 13Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany 14Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, China 15Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 16Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Ume� University, Ume�, Sweden 17Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands 18School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 19Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden 20Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, GD?teborg, Sweden 21Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden 22Martin Luther University Halle?Wittenberg, Institute of Biology / Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Halle (Saale), Germany 23German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle?Jena?Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany 24Adam Mickiewicz University, Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Poznan, Poland 25University of Alaska Anchorage, Department of Biological Sciences, Anchorage, Alaska 26Technische Universit�t MD?nchen, Freising, Germany 27Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy 28The Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, Alaska 29Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John�s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada 30Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT? The Arctic University of Norway, Troms�, Norway 31Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 32Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand 33Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria 34Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 35Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ? UFZ, Leipzig, Germany 36Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland 37Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland 38Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland 39Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 40Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia 41Global Ecology Unit, CREAF?CSIC?UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain 42CREAF, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vall�s, Catalonia, Spain 43Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia 44Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa 45Department of Biology, Queen�s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada Scopus

Published
2018

30. Tundra Trait Team: A database of plant traits spanning the tundra biome

Author

Bjorkman, Anne D., Myers-Smith, Isla H., Elmendorf, Sarah C., Normand, Signe, Thomas, Haydn J. D., Alatalo, Juha M., Alexander, Heather, Anadon-Rosell, Alba, Angers-Blondin, Sandra, Bai, Yang, Baruah, Gaurav, te Beest, Mariska, Berner, Logan, Björk, Robert G., Blok, Daan, Bruelheide, Helge, Buchwal, Agata, Buras, Allan, Carbognani, Michele, Christie, Katherine, Collier, Laura S., Cooper, Elisabeth J., Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Dickinson, Katharine J. M., Dullinger, Stefan, Elberling, Bo, Eskelinen, Anu, Forbes, Bruce C., Frei, Esther R., Iturrate-Garcia, Maitane, Good, Megan K., Grau, Oriol, Green, Peter, Greve, Michelle, Grogan, Paul, Haider, Sylvia, Hájek, Tomáš, Hallinger, Martin, Happonen, Konsta, Harper, Karen A., Heijmans, Monique M. P. D., Henry, Gregory H. R., Hermanutz, Luise, Hewitt, Rebecca E., Hollister, Robert D., Hudson, James, Hülber, Karl, Iversen, Colleen M., Jaroszynska, Francesca, Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja, Johnstone, Jill, Jorgensen, Rasmus Halfdan, Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Klady, Rebecca, Klimešová, Jitka, Korsten, Annika, Kuleza, Sara, Kulonen, Aino, Lamarque, Laurent J., Lantz, Trevor, Lavalle, Amanda, Lembrechts, Jonas J., Lévesque, Esther, Little, Chelsea J., Luoto, Miska, Macek, Petr, Mack, Michelle C., Mathakutha, Rabia, Michelsen, Anders, Milbau, Ann, Molau, Ulf, Morgan, John W., Mörsdorf, Martin Alfons, Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob, Nielsen, Sigrid Schøler, Ninot, Josep M., Oberbauer, Steven F., Olofsson, Johan, Onipchenko, Vladimir G., Petraglia, Alessandro, Pickering, Catherine, Prevéy, Janet S., Rixen, Christian, Rumpf, Sabine B., Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, Semenchuk, Philipp, Shetti, Rohan, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Spasojevic, Marko J., Speed, James David Mervyn, Street, Lorna E., Suding, Katharine, Tape, Ken D., Tomaselli, Marcello, Trant, Andrew, Treier, Urs A., Tremblay, Jean-Pierre, Tremblay, Maxime, Venn, Susanna, Virkkala, Anna-Maria, Vowles, Tage, Weijers, Stef, Wilmking, Martin, Wipf, Sonja, Zamin, Tara, Spatial Ecology and Global Change, and Environmental Sciences

Subjects
Arctic, plant functional traits, tundra, alpine
Abstract

Motivation The Tundra Trait Team (TTT) database includes field-based measurements of key traits related to plant form and function at multiple sites across the tundra biome. This dataset can be used to address theoretical questions about plant strategy and trade-offs, trait?environment relationships and environmental filtering, and trait variation across spatial scales, to validate satellite data, and to inform Earth system model parameters. Main types of variable contained The database contains 91,970 measurements of 18 plant traits. The most frequently measured traits (> 1,000 observations each) include plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf fresh and dry mass, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus content, leaf C:N and N:P, seed mass, and stem specific density. Spatial location and grain Measurements were collected in tundra habitats in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, including Arctic sites in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Fennoscandia and Siberia, alpine sites in the European Alps, Colorado Rockies, Caucasus, Ural Mountains, Pyrenees, Australian Alps, and Central Otago Mountains (New Zealand), and sub-Antarctic Marion Island. More than 99% of observations are georeferenced. Time period and grain All data were collected between 1964 and 2018. A small number of sites have repeated trait measurements at two or more time periods. Major taxa and level of measurement Trait measurements were made on 978 terrestrial vascular plant species growing in tundra habitats. Most observations are on individuals (86%), while the remainder represent plot or site means or maximums per species. Software format csv file and GitHub repository with data cleaning scripts in R; contribution to TRY plant trait database (www.try-db.org) to be included in the next version release.

Published
2018

32. Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome

Author

Bjorkman, Anne D., Myers-Smith, Isla H., Elmendorf, Sarah C., Normand, Signe, Rüger, Nadja, Beck, Pieter S. A., Blach-Overgaard, Anne, Blok, Daan, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Forbes, Bruce C., Georges, Damien, Goetz, Scott J., Guay, Kevin C., Henry, Gregory H. R., HilleRisLambers, Janneke, Hollister, Robert D., Karger, Dirk N., Kattge, Jens, Manning, Peter, Prevéy, Janet S., Rixen, Christian, Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, Thomas, Haydn J. D., Vellend, Mark, Wilmking, Martin, Wipf, Sonja, Carbognani, Michele, Hermanutz, Luise, Lévesque, Esther, Molau, Ulf, Petraglia, Alessandro, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Spasojevic, Marko J., Tomaselli, Marcello, Vowles, Tage, Alatalo, Juha M., Alexander, Heather D., Anadon-Rosell, Alba, Angers-Blondin, Sandra, Beest, Mariska te, Berner, Logan, Björk, Robert G., Buchwal, Agata, Buras, Allan, Christie, Katherine, Cooper, Elisabeth J., Dullinger, Stefan, Elberling, Bo, Eskelinen, Anu, Frei, Esther R., Grau, Oriol, Grogan, Paul, Hallinger, Martin, Harper, Karen A., Heijmans, Monique M. P. D., Hudson, James, Hülber, Karl, Iturrate-Garcia, Maitane, Iversen, Colleen M., Jaroszynska, Francesca, Johnstone, Jill F., Jørgensen, Rasmus Halfdan, Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Klady, Rebecca, Kuleza, Sara, Kulonen, Aino, Lamarque, Laurent J., Lantz, Trevor, Little, Chelsea J., Speed, James D. M., Michelsen, Anders, Milbau, Ann, Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob, Nielsen, Sigrid Schøler, Ninot, Josep M., Oberbauer, Steven F., Olofsson, Johan, Onipchenko, Vladimir G., Rumpf, Sabine B., Semenchuk, Philipp, Shetti, Rohan, Collier, Laura Siegwart, Street, Lorna E., Suding, Katharine N., Tape, Ken D., Trant, Andrew, Treier, Urs A., Tremblay, Jean-Pierre, Tremblay, Maxime, Venn, Susanna, Weijers, Stef, Zamin, Tara, Boulanger-Lapointe, Noémie, Gould, William A., Hik, David S., Hofgaard, Annika, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Jorgenson, Janet, Klein, Julia, Magnusson, Borgthor, Tweedie, Craig, Wookey, Philip A., Bahn, Michael, Blonder, Benjamin, van Bodegom, Peter M., Bond-Lamberty, Benjamin, Campetella, Giandiego, Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Chapin, F. Stuart, Cornwell, William K., Craine, Joseph, Dainese, Matteo, de Vries, Franciska T., Díaz, Sandra, Enquist, Brian J., Green, Walton, Milla, Ruben, Niinemets, Ülo, Onoda, Yusuke, Ordoñez, Jenny C., Ozinga, Wim A., Penuelas, Josep, Poorter, Hendrik, Poschlod, Peter, Reich, Peter B., Sandel, Brody, Schamp, Brandon, Sheremetev, Serge, Weiher, Evan, Bjorkman, Anne D., Myers-Smith, Isla H., Elmendorf, Sarah C., Normand, Signe, Rüger, Nadja, Beck, Pieter S. A., Blach-Overgaard, Anne, Blok, Daan, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Forbes, Bruce C., Georges, Damien, Goetz, Scott J., Guay, Kevin C., Henry, Gregory H. R., HilleRisLambers, Janneke, Hollister, Robert D., Karger, Dirk N., Kattge, Jens, Manning, Peter, Prevéy, Janet S., Rixen, Christian, Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, Thomas, Haydn J. D., Vellend, Mark, Wilmking, Martin, Wipf, Sonja, Carbognani, Michele, Hermanutz, Luise, Lévesque, Esther, Molau, Ulf, Petraglia, Alessandro, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Spasojevic, Marko J., Tomaselli, Marcello, Vowles, Tage, Alatalo, Juha M., Alexander, Heather D., Anadon-Rosell, Alba, Angers-Blondin, Sandra, Beest, Mariska te, Berner, Logan, Björk, Robert G., Buchwal, Agata, Buras, Allan, Christie, Katherine, Cooper, Elisabeth J., Dullinger, Stefan, Elberling, Bo, Eskelinen, Anu, Frei, Esther R., Grau, Oriol, Grogan, Paul, Hallinger, Martin, Harper, Karen A., Heijmans, Monique M. P. D., Hudson, James, Hülber, Karl, Iturrate-Garcia, Maitane, Iversen, Colleen M., Jaroszynska, Francesca, Johnstone, Jill F., Jørgensen, Rasmus Halfdan, Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Klady, Rebecca, Kuleza, Sara, Kulonen, Aino, Lamarque, Laurent J., Lantz, Trevor, Little, Chelsea J., Speed, James D. M., Michelsen, Anders, Milbau, Ann, Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob, Nielsen, Sigrid Schøler, Ninot, Josep M., Oberbauer, Steven F., Olofsson, Johan, Onipchenko, Vladimir G., Rumpf, Sabine B., Semenchuk, Philipp, Shetti, Rohan, Collier, Laura Siegwart, Street, Lorna E., Suding, Katharine N., Tape, Ken D., Trant, Andrew, Treier, Urs A., Tremblay, Jean-Pierre, Tremblay, Maxime, Venn, Susanna, Weijers, Stef, Zamin, Tara, Boulanger-Lapointe, Noémie, Gould, William A., Hik, David S., Hofgaard, Annika, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Jorgenson, Janet, Klein, Julia, Magnusson, Borgthor, Tweedie, Craig, Wookey, Philip A., Bahn, Michael, Blonder, Benjamin, van Bodegom, Peter M., Bond-Lamberty, Benjamin, Campetella, Giandiego, Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Chapin, F. Stuart, Cornwell, William K., Craine, Joseph, Dainese, Matteo, de Vries, Franciska T., Díaz, Sandra, Enquist, Brian J., Green, Walton, Milla, Ruben, Niinemets, Ülo, Onoda, Yusuke, Ordoñez, Jenny C., Ozinga, Wim A., Penuelas, Josep, Poorter, Hendrik, Poschlod, Peter, Reich, Peter B., Sandel, Brody, Schamp, Brandon, Sheremetev, Serge, and Weiher, Evan

Abstract

The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and climate. A better understanding of how environmental factors shape plant structure and function is crucial for predicting the consequences of environmental change for ecosystem functioning. Here we explore the biome-wide relationships between temperature, moisture and seven key plant functional traits both across space and over three decades of warming at 117 tundra locations. Spatial temperature–trait relationships were generally strong but soil moisture had a marked influence on the strength and direction of these relationships, highlighting the potentially important influence of changes in water availability on future trait shifts in tundra plant communities. Community height increased with warming across all sites over the past three decades, but other traits lagged far behind predicted rates of change. Our findings highlight the challenge of using space-for-time substitution to predict the functional consequences of future warming and suggest that functions that are tied closely to plant height will experience the most rapid change. They also reveal the strength with which environmental factors shape biotic communities at the coldest extremes of the planet and will help to improve projections of functional changes in tundra ecosystems with climate warming.

Published
2018

33. Publisher Correction to : Background invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex) increases with temperature and precipitation across the tundra biome (vol 40, pg 2265, 2017)

Author

Barrio, Isabel C., Lindén, Elin, te Beest, Mariska, Olofsson, Johan, Rocha, Adrian, Soininen, Eeva M., Alatalo, Juha M., Andersson, Tommi, Asmus, Ashley, Boike, Julia, Brathen, Kari Anne, Bryant, John P., Buchwal, Agata, Bueno, C. Guillermo, Christie, Katherine S., Denisova, Yulia V., Egelkraut, Dagmar, Ehrich, Dorothee, Fishback, LeeAnn, Forbes, Bruce C., Gartzia, Maite, Grogan, Paul, Hallinger, Martin, Heijmans, Monique M. P. D., Hik, David S., Hofgaard, Annika, Holmgren, Milena, Høye, Toke T., Huebner, Diane C., Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg Svala, Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Kumpula, Timo, Lange, Cynthia Y. M. J. G., Lange, Jelena, Levesque, Esther, Limpens, Juul, Macias-Fauria, Marc, Myers-Smith, Isla, van Nieukerken, Erik J., Normand, Signe, Post, Eric S., Schmidt, Niels Martin, Sitters, Judith, Skoracka, Anna, Sokolov, Alexander, Sokolova, Natalya, Speed, James D. M., Street, Lorna E., Sundqvist, Maja K., Suominen, Otso, Tananaev, Nikita, Tremblay, Jean-Pierre, Urbanowicz, Christine, Uvarov, Sergey A., Watts, David, Wilmking, Martin, Wookey, Philip A., Zimmermann, Heike H., Zverev, Vitali, Kozlov, Mikhail V., Barrio, Isabel C., Lindén, Elin, te Beest, Mariska, Olofsson, Johan, Rocha, Adrian, Soininen, Eeva M., Alatalo, Juha M., Andersson, Tommi, Asmus, Ashley, Boike, Julia, Brathen, Kari Anne, Bryant, John P., Buchwal, Agata, Bueno, C. Guillermo, Christie, Katherine S., Denisova, Yulia V., Egelkraut, Dagmar, Ehrich, Dorothee, Fishback, LeeAnn, Forbes, Bruce C., Gartzia, Maite, Grogan, Paul, Hallinger, Martin, Heijmans, Monique M. P. D., Hik, David S., Hofgaard, Annika, Holmgren, Milena, Høye, Toke T., Huebner, Diane C., Jonsdottir, Ingibjorg Svala, Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Kumpula, Timo, Lange, Cynthia Y. M. J. G., Lange, Jelena, Levesque, Esther, Limpens, Juul, Macias-Fauria, Marc, Myers-Smith, Isla, van Nieukerken, Erik J., Normand, Signe, Post, Eric S., Schmidt, Niels Martin, Sitters, Judith, Skoracka, Anna, Sokolov, Alexander, Sokolova, Natalya, Speed, James D. M., Street, Lorna E., Sundqvist, Maja K., Suominen, Otso, Tananaev, Nikita, Tremblay, Jean-Pierre, Urbanowicz, Christine, Uvarov, Sergey A., Watts, David, Wilmking, Martin, Wookey, Philip A., Zimmermann, Heike H., Zverev, Vitali, and Kozlov, Mikhail V.

Abstract

The above mentioned article was originally scheduled for publication in the special issue on Ecology of Tundra Arthropods with guest editors Toke T. Hoye . Lauren E. Culler. Erroneously, the article was published in Polar Biology, Volume 40, Issue 11, November, 2017. The publisher sincerely apologizes to the guest editors and the authors for the inconvenience caused., Correction to: Barrio, Isabel C., Lindén, Elin, Te Beest, Mariska, Olofsson, Johan et al. Background invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex) increases with temperature and precipitation across the tundra biome. Polar Biology, 40;11. DOI: 10.1007/s00300-017-2139-7

Published
2018
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34. Tundra trait team: a database of plant traits spanning the tundra biome

Author

Venn, Susanna, Bjorkman, Anne D., Myers‐Smith, Isla H., Elmendorf, Sarah C., Normand, Signe, Thomas, Haydn J. D., Alatalo, Juha M., Alexander, Heather, Anadon‐Rosell, Alba, Angers‐Blondin, Sandra, Bai, Yang, Baruah, Gaurav, te Beest, Mariska, Berner, Logan, Björk, Robert G., Blok, Daan, Bruelheide, Helge, Buchwal, Agata, Buras, Allan, Carbognani, Michele, Christie, Katherine, Venn, Susanna, Bjorkman, Anne D., Myers‐Smith, Isla H., Elmendorf, Sarah C., Normand, Signe, Thomas, Haydn J. D., Alatalo, Juha M., Alexander, Heather, Anadon‐Rosell, Alba, Angers‐Blondin, Sandra, Bai, Yang, Baruah, Gaurav, te Beest, Mariska, Berner, Logan, Björk, Robert G., Blok, Daan, Bruelheide, Helge, Buchwal, Agata, Buras, Allan, Carbognani, Michele, and Christie, Katherine

Published
2018

35. Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome

Author

Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Bjorkman, Anne D., Myers-Smith, Isla H., Elmendorf, Sarah C., Normand, Signe, Rüger, Nadja, Beck, Pieter S. A., Blach-Overgaard, Anne, Blok, Daan, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Forbes, Bruce C., Georges, Damien, Goetz, Scott J., Guay, Kevin C., Henry, Gregory H. R., HilleRisLambers, Janneke, Hollister, Robert D., Karger, Dirk N., Kattge, Jens, Manning, Peter, Prevéy, Janet S., Rixen, Christian, Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, Thomas, Haydn J. D., Vellend, Mark, Wilmking, Martin, Wipf, Sonja, Carbognani, Michele, Hermanutz, Luise, Lévesque, Esther, Molau, Ulf, Petraglia, Alessandro, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Spasojevic, Marko J., Tomaselli, Marcello, Vowles, Tage, Alatalo, Juha M., Alexander, Heather D., Anadon-Rosell, Alba, Angers-Blondin, Sandra, Beest, Mariska te, Berner, Logan, Björk, Robert G., Buchwal, Agata, Buras, Allan, Christie, Katherine, Cooper, Elisabeth J., Dullinger, Stefan, Elberling, Bo, Eskelinen, Anu, Frei, Esther R., Grau, Oriol, Grogan, Paul, Hallinger, Martin, Harper, Karen A., Heijmans, Monique M. P. D., Hudson, James, Hülber, Karl, Iturrate-Garcia, Maitane, Iversen, Colleen M., Jaroszynska, Francesca, Johnstone, Jill F., Jørgensen, Rasmus Halfdan, Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Klady, Rebecca, Kuleza, Sara, Kulonen, Aino, Lamarque, Laurent J., Lantz, Trevor, Little, Chelsea J., Speed, James D. M., Michelsen, Anders, Milbau, Ann, Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob, Nielsen, Sigrid Schøler, Ninot, Josep M., Oberbauer, Steven F., Olofsson, Johan, Onipchenko, Vladimir G., Rumpf, Sabine B., Semenchuk, Philipp, Shetti, Rohan, Collier, Laura Siegwart, Street, Lorna E., Suding, Katharine N., Tape, Ken D., Trant, Andrew, Treier, Urs A., Tremblay, Jean-Pierre, Tremblay, Maxime, Venn, Susanna, Weijers, Stef, Zamin, Tara, Boulanger-Lapointe, Noémie, Gould, William A., Hik, David S., Hofgaard, Annika, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Jorgenson, Janet, Klein, Julia, Magnusson, Borgthor, Tweedie, Craig, Wookey, Philip A., Bahn, Michael, Blonder, Benjamin, van Bodegom, Peter M., Bond-Lamberty, Benjamin, Campetella, Giandiego, Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Chapin, F. Stuart, Cornwell, William K., Craine, Joseph, Dainese, Matteo, de Vries, Franciska T., Díaz, Sandra, Enquist, Brian J., Green, Walton, Milla, Ruben, Niinemets, Ülo, Onoda, Yusuke, Ordoñez, Jenny C., Ozinga, Wim A., Penuelas, Josep, Poorter, Hendrik, Poschlod, Peter, Reich, Peter B., Sandel, Brody, Schamp, Brandon, Sheremetev, Serge, Weiher, Evan, Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Bjorkman, Anne D., Myers-Smith, Isla H., Elmendorf, Sarah C., Normand, Signe, Rüger, Nadja, Beck, Pieter S. A., Blach-Overgaard, Anne, Blok, Daan, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Forbes, Bruce C., Georges, Damien, Goetz, Scott J., Guay, Kevin C., Henry, Gregory H. R., HilleRisLambers, Janneke, Hollister, Robert D., Karger, Dirk N., Kattge, Jens, Manning, Peter, Prevéy, Janet S., Rixen, Christian, Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, Thomas, Haydn J. D., Vellend, Mark, Wilmking, Martin, Wipf, Sonja, Carbognani, Michele, Hermanutz, Luise, Lévesque, Esther, Molau, Ulf, Petraglia, Alessandro, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Spasojevic, Marko J., Tomaselli, Marcello, Vowles, Tage, Alatalo, Juha M., Alexander, Heather D., Anadon-Rosell, Alba, Angers-Blondin, Sandra, Beest, Mariska te, Berner, Logan, Björk, Robert G., Buchwal, Agata, Buras, Allan, Christie, Katherine, Cooper, Elisabeth J., Dullinger, Stefan, Elberling, Bo, Eskelinen, Anu, Frei, Esther R., Grau, Oriol, Grogan, Paul, Hallinger, Martin, Harper, Karen A., Heijmans, Monique M. P. D., Hudson, James, Hülber, Karl, Iturrate-Garcia, Maitane, Iversen, Colleen M., Jaroszynska, Francesca, Johnstone, Jill F., Jørgensen, Rasmus Halfdan, Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Klady, Rebecca, Kuleza, Sara, Kulonen, Aino, Lamarque, Laurent J., Lantz, Trevor, Little, Chelsea J., Speed, James D. M., Michelsen, Anders, Milbau, Ann, Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob, Nielsen, Sigrid Schøler, Ninot, Josep M., Oberbauer, Steven F., Olofsson, Johan, Onipchenko, Vladimir G., Rumpf, Sabine B., Semenchuk, Philipp, Shetti, Rohan, Collier, Laura Siegwart, Street, Lorna E., Suding, Katharine N., Tape, Ken D., Trant, Andrew, Treier, Urs A., Tremblay, Jean-Pierre, Tremblay, Maxime, Venn, Susanna, Weijers, Stef, Zamin, Tara, Boulanger-Lapointe, Noémie, Gould, William A., Hik, David S., Hofgaard, Annika, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Jorgenson, Janet, Klein, Julia, Magnusson, Borgthor, Tweedie, Craig, Wookey, Philip A., Bahn, Michael, Blonder, Benjamin, van Bodegom, Peter M., Bond-Lamberty, Benjamin, Campetella, Giandiego, Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Chapin, F. Stuart, Cornwell, William K., Craine, Joseph, Dainese, Matteo, de Vries, Franciska T., Díaz, Sandra, Enquist, Brian J., Green, Walton, Milla, Ruben, Niinemets, Ülo, Onoda, Yusuke, Ordoñez, Jenny C., Ozinga, Wim A., Penuelas, Josep, Poorter, Hendrik, Poschlod, Peter, Reich, Peter B., Sandel, Brody, Schamp, Brandon, Sheremetev, Serge, and Weiher, Evan

Published
2018

36. Tundra Trait Team: A database of plant traits spanning the tundra biome

Author

Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Bjorkman, Anne D., Myers-Smith, Isla H., Elmendorf, Sarah C., Normand, Signe, Thomas, Haydn J. D., Alatalo, Juha M., Alexander, Heather, Anadon-Rosell, Alba, Angers-Blondin, Sandra, Bai, Yang, Baruah, Gaurav, te Beest, Mariska, Berner, Logan, Björk, Robert G., Blok, Daan, Bruelheide, Helge, Buchwal, Agata, Buras, Allan, Carbognani, Michele, Christie, Katherine, Collier, Laura S., Cooper, Elisabeth J., Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Dickinson, Katharine J. M., Dullinger, Stefan, Elberling, Bo, Eskelinen, Anu, Forbes, Bruce C., Frei, Esther R., Iturrate-Garcia, Maitane, Good, Megan K., Grau, Oriol, Green, Peter, Greve, Michelle, Grogan, Paul, Haider, Sylvia, Hájek, Tomáš, Hallinger, Martin, Happonen, Konsta, Harper, Karen A., Heijmans, Monique M. P. D., Henry, Gregory H. R., Hermanutz, Luise, Hewitt, Rebecca E., Hollister, Robert D., Hudson, James, Hülber, Karl, Iversen, Colleen M., Jaroszynska, Francesca, Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja, Johnstone, Jill, Jorgensen, Rasmus Halfdan, Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Klady, Rebecca, Klimešová, Jitka, Korsten, Annika, Kuleza, Sara, Kulonen, Aino, Lamarque, Laurent J., Lantz, Trevor, Lavalle, Amanda, Lembrechts, Jonas J., Lévesque, Esther, Little, Chelsea J., Luoto, Miska, Macek, Petr, Mack, Michelle C., Mathakutha, Rabia, Michelsen, Anders, Milbau, Ann, Molau, Ulf, Morgan, John W., Mörsdorf, Martin Alfons, Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob, Nielsen, Sigrid Schøler, Ninot, Josep M., Oberbauer, Steven F., Olofsson, Johan, Onipchenko, Vladimir G., Petraglia, Alessandro, Pickering, Catherine, Prevéy, Janet S., Rixen, Christian, Rumpf, Sabine B., Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, Semenchuk, Philipp, Shetti, Rohan, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Spasojevic, Marko J., Speed, James David Mervyn, Street, Lorna E., Suding, Katharine, Tape, Ken D., Tomaselli, Marcello, Trant, Andrew, Treier, Urs A., Tremblay, Jean-Pierre, Tremblay, Maxime, Venn, Susanna, Virkkala, Anna-Maria, Vowles, Tage, Weijers, Stef, Wilmking, Martin, Wipf, Sonja, Zamin, Tara, Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Bjorkman, Anne D., Myers-Smith, Isla H., Elmendorf, Sarah C., Normand, Signe, Thomas, Haydn J. D., Alatalo, Juha M., Alexander, Heather, Anadon-Rosell, Alba, Angers-Blondin, Sandra, Bai, Yang, Baruah, Gaurav, te Beest, Mariska, Berner, Logan, Björk, Robert G., Blok, Daan, Bruelheide, Helge, Buchwal, Agata, Buras, Allan, Carbognani, Michele, Christie, Katherine, Collier, Laura S., Cooper, Elisabeth J., Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Dickinson, Katharine J. M., Dullinger, Stefan, Elberling, Bo, Eskelinen, Anu, Forbes, Bruce C., Frei, Esther R., Iturrate-Garcia, Maitane, Good, Megan K., Grau, Oriol, Green, Peter, Greve, Michelle, Grogan, Paul, Haider, Sylvia, Hájek, Tomáš, Hallinger, Martin, Happonen, Konsta, Harper, Karen A., Heijmans, Monique M. P. D., Henry, Gregory H. R., Hermanutz, Luise, Hewitt, Rebecca E., Hollister, Robert D., Hudson, James, Hülber, Karl, Iversen, Colleen M., Jaroszynska, Francesca, Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja, Johnstone, Jill, Jorgensen, Rasmus Halfdan, Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Klady, Rebecca, Klimešová, Jitka, Korsten, Annika, Kuleza, Sara, Kulonen, Aino, Lamarque, Laurent J., Lantz, Trevor, Lavalle, Amanda, Lembrechts, Jonas J., Lévesque, Esther, Little, Chelsea J., Luoto, Miska, Macek, Petr, Mack, Michelle C., Mathakutha, Rabia, Michelsen, Anders, Milbau, Ann, Molau, Ulf, Morgan, John W., Mörsdorf, Martin Alfons, Nabe-Nielsen, Jacob, Nielsen, Sigrid Schøler, Ninot, Josep M., Oberbauer, Steven F., Olofsson, Johan, Onipchenko, Vladimir G., Petraglia, Alessandro, Pickering, Catherine, Prevéy, Janet S., Rixen, Christian, Rumpf, Sabine B., Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, Semenchuk, Philipp, Shetti, Rohan, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Spasojevic, Marko J., Speed, James David Mervyn, Street, Lorna E., Suding, Katharine, Tape, Ken D., Tomaselli, Marcello, Trant, Andrew, Treier, Urs A., Tremblay, Jean-Pierre, Tremblay, Maxime, Venn, Susanna, Virkkala, Anna-Maria, Vowles, Tage, Weijers, Stef, Wilmking, Martin, Wipf, Sonja, and Zamin, Tara

Published
2018

37. Temperature modulates intra-plant growth of Salix polaris from a high Arctic site (Svalbard)

Author

Buchwal, Agata, Rachlewicz, Grzegorz, Fonti, Patrick, Cherubini, Paolo, Gärtner, Holger, Buchwal, Agata, Rachlewicz, Grzegorz, Fonti, Patrick, Cherubini, Paolo, and Gärtner, Holger

Abstract

Arctic ecosystems are important carbon sinks. Increasing temperatures in these regions might stimulate soil carbon release. Evidence suggests that deciduous shrubs might counteract these carbon losses because they positively respond to increasing temperature, but their role in ecosystem carbon budgets remains uncertain. Many studies dealing with large-scale tundra greening and carbon sequestration in relation to increasing temperature have usually based their estimations on the aboveground components, but very little is known about belowground growth. In this context, annual rings can provide a retrospective insight into intra-plant temperature responses and seasonal growth allocation. This study presents a 70-year-long and annually resolved intra-plant analysis of ring width and missing ring distribution from a comprehensive serial sectioning, including 142 cross-sections and the measurements of 471 radii from ten Salix polaris Wahlenb. dwarf shrubs growing in the high Arctic on Svalbard. Results indicate a high intra-plant and inter-annual growth variation, characterized by a high proportion of partially (13.6%) and completely (11.2%) missing rings. The annual growth and the frequency of completely missing rings were evenly distributed inside the plant and mainly controlled by summer temperatures. Radial growth in the belowground parts appeared to be proportionally higher during long and warm summers and lower in cold early growing seasons than in the aboveground parts. The results reveal a diverging allocation between aboveground and belowground growth depending on the climatic conditions. Favorable years promoted root allocation since root radial growth occurs after aboveground growth. The observed belowground responses suggest that shrub carbon allocation might be higher than estimated only from the aboveground compartments

Published
2018

38. Background invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana 1 complex) increases with temperature and precipitation across the tundra biome

Author

Barrio, Isabel C., Te Beest, Mariska, Olofsson, Johan, Rocha, A., Soininen, Eeva M, Alatalo, Juha M., Andersson, Tommi, Asmus, Ashley, Boike, J, Bråthen, Kari Anne, Bryant, John P., Buchwal, Agata, Bueno, C. Guillermo, Christie, Katherine S., Denisova, Yulia V., Egelkraut, Dagmar, Ehrich, Dorothee, Fishback, LeeAnn, Forbes, Bruce C., Gartzia, Maite, Grogan, Paul, Hallinger, Martin, Heijmans, Monique M. P. D., Hik, David S., Hofgaard, Annika, Holmgren, Milena, Høye, Toke T., Huebner, Diane C., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Kaarlejärvi, Elina, Kumpula, Timo, Lange, Cynthia Y.M.J.G, Lange, Jelena, Levesque, Esther, Limpens, Juul, Macias-Fauria, Marc, Myers-Smith, Isla, and Street, Lorna

Subjects
food and beverages
Abstract

Chronic, low intensity herbivory by invertebrates, termed background herbivory, has been understudied in tundra, yet its impacts are likely to increase in a warmer Arctic. The magnitude of these changes is however hard to predict as we know little about the drivers of current levels of invertebrate herbivory in tundra. We assessed the intensity of invertebrate herbivory on a common tundra plant, the dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex), and investigated its relationship to latitude and climate across the tundra biome. Leaf damage by defoliating, mining and gall-forming invertebrates was measured in samples collected from 192 sites at 56 locations. Our results indicate that invertebrate herbivory is nearly ubiquitous across the tundra biome but occurs at low intensity. On average, invertebrates damaged 11.2% of the leaves and removed 1.4% of total leaf area. The damage was mainly caused by external leaf feeders, and most damaged leaves were only slightly affected (12% leaf area lost). Foliar damage was consistently positively correlated with mid-summer (July) temperature and, to a lesser extent, precipitation in the year of data collection, irrespective of latitude. Our models predict that, on average, foliar losses to invertebrates on dwarf birch are likely to increase by 6–7% over the current levels with a 1 °C increase in summer temperatures. Our results show that invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch is small in magnitude but given its prevalence and dependence on climatic variables, background invertebrate herbivory should be included in predictions of climate change impacts on tundra ecosystems.

Published
2017

44. Annual ring growth of a widespread high arctic shrub reflects past fluctuations in community‐level plant biomass.

Author

Le Moullec, Mathilde, Buchwal, Agata, Wal, René, Sandal, Lisa, Hansen, Brage Bremset, and Jucker, Tommaso

Subjects
*TREE-rings, *SHRUBS, *BIOMASS, *DENDROCHRONOLOGY, *CLIMATE change
Abstract

Long time series of primary production are rarely available, restricting our mechanistic understanding of vegetation and ecosystem dynamics under climate change. Dendrochronological tools are increasingly used instead, particularly in the Arctic—the world's most rapidly warming biome. Yet, high‐latitude plant species are subject to strong energy allocation trade‐offs, and whether annual allocations to secondary growth (e.g. "tree‐rings") actually reflect primary production above‐ground remains unknown. Taking advantage of a unique ground‐based monitoring time series of annual vascular plant biomass in high Arctic Svalbard (78°N), we evaluated how well retrospective ring growth of the widespread dwarf shrub Salix polaris represents above‐ground biomass production of vascular plants.Using a balanced design in permanent plots for plant biomass monitoring, we collected 30 S. polaris shrubs across five sites in each of two habitats. We established annual ring growth time series using linear mixed‐effects models and related them to weather records and 13 years of above‐ground biomass production in six habitats.Annual ring growth was positively correlated with above‐ground biomass production of both S. polaris (r = 0.56) and the vascular plant community as a whole (r = 0.70). As for above‐ground biomass, summer temperature was the main driver of ring growth, with this ecological signal becoming particularly clear when accounting for plant, site and habitat heterogeneity. The results suggest that ring growth measurements performed on this abundant shrub can be used to track fluctuations in past vascular plant production of high arctic tundra.Synthesis. Dendrochronological tools are increasingly used on arctic shrubs to enhance our understanding of vegetation dynamics in the world's most rapidly warming biome. Fundamental to such applications is the assumption that annual differences in ring growth reflect between‐year variation in above‐ground biomass production. We showed that ring growth indeed was a robust proxy for the annual above‐ground productivity of both the focal shrub and the vascular plant community as a whole. Despite the challenges of constructing ring growth chronologies from irregularly growing arctic shrubs, our findings confirm that shrub dendrochronology can open new opportunities for community‐dynamic studies, including in remote places where annual field sampling is difficult to achieve. Dendrochronological tools are increasingly used on arctic shrubs to enhance our understanding of vegetation dynamics in the world's most rapidly warming biome. Fundamental to such applications is the assumption that annual ring growth reflects between‐year variation in above‐ground biomass production. We found that ring growth indeed was a robust proxy for the annual above‐ground productivity of both the focal shrub and the vascular plant community as a whole. Despite the challenges of constructing ring growth chronologies from irregularly growing arctic shrubs, our findings show that shrub dendrochronology can open new opportunities for community‐dynamic studies under climate change, including in remote places where annual field sampling is difficult to achieve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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45. Climate sensitivity of shrub growth across the tundra biome

Author

Myers-Smith, Isla H, Elmendorf, Sarah C, Beck, Pieter S.A., Wilmking, Martin, Hallinger, Martin, Blok, Daan, Tape, Ken D., Rayback, Shelly A., Macias-Fauria, Marc, Forbes, Bruce C., Speed, James, Boulanger-Lapointe, Noémie, Rixen, Christian, Lévesque, Esther, Schmidt, Niels Martin, Baittinger, Claudia, Trant, Andrew, Hermanutz, Luise, Collier, Laura Siegwart, Dawes, Melissa, Lantz, Trevor, Weijers, Stef, Jørgensen, Rasmus Halfdan, Buchwal, Agata, Buras, Allan, Naito, Adam, Ravolainen, Virve, Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, Wheeler, Julia, Wipf, Sonja, Guay, Kevin, Hik, David S., Vellend, Mark, Myers-Smith, Isla H, Elmendorf, Sarah C, Beck, Pieter S.A., Wilmking, Martin, Hallinger, Martin, Blok, Daan, Tape, Ken D., Rayback, Shelly A., Macias-Fauria, Marc, Forbes, Bruce C., Speed, James, Boulanger-Lapointe, Noémie, Rixen, Christian, Lévesque, Esther, Schmidt, Niels Martin, Baittinger, Claudia, Trant, Andrew, Hermanutz, Luise, Collier, Laura Siegwart, Dawes, Melissa, Lantz, Trevor, Weijers, Stef, Jørgensen, Rasmus Halfdan, Buchwal, Agata, Buras, Allan, Naito, Adam, Ravolainen, Virve, Schaepman-Strub, Gabriela, Wheeler, Julia, Wipf, Sonja, Guay, Kevin, Hik, David S., and Vellend, Mark

Abstract

Rapid climate warming in the tundra biome has been linked to increasing shrub dominance1–4. Shrub expansion can modify climate by altering surface albedo, energy and water balance, and permafrost2,5–8, yet the drivers of shrub growth remain poorly understood. Dendroecological data consisting of multi-decadal time series of annual shrub growth provide an underused resource to explore climate–growth relationships. Here, we analyse circumpolar data from 37 Arctic and alpine sites in 9 countries, including 25 species, and 42,000 annual growth records from 1,821 individuals. Our analyses demonstrate that the sensitivity of shrub growth to climate was: (1) heterogeneous, with European sites showing greater summer temperature sensitivity than North American sites, and (2) higher at sites with greater soil moisture and for taller shrubs (for example, alders and willows) growing at their northern or upper elevational range edges. Across latitude, climate sensitivity of growth was greatest at the boundary between the Low and High Arctic, where permafrost is thawing4 and most of the global permafrost soil carbon pool is stored9. The observed variation in climate–shrub growth relationships should be incorporated into Earth system models to improve future projections of climate change impacts across the tundra biome.

Published
2015

46. Winter warming as an important co-driver for Betula nana growth in western Greenland during the past century

Author

Hollesen, Jørgen, Buchwal, Agata, Rachlewicz, Grzegorz, Hansen, Birger, Hansen, Marc Overgaard, Stecher, Ole, Elberling, Bo, Hollesen, Jørgen, Buchwal, Agata, Rachlewicz, Grzegorz, Hansen, Birger, Hansen, Marc Overgaard, Stecher, Ole, and Elberling, Bo

Abstract

Growing season conditions are widely recognized as the main driver for tundra shrub radial growth, but the effects of winter warming and snow remain an open question. Here, we present a more than 100years long Betulanana ring-width chronology from Disko Island in western Greenland that demonstrates a highly significant and positive growth response to both summer and winter air temperatures during the past century. The importance of winter temperatures for Betulanana growth is especially pronounced during the periods from 1910-1930 to 1990-2011 that were dominated by significant winter warming. To explain the strong winter importance on growth, we assessed the importance of different environmental factors using site-specific measurements from 1991 to 2011 of soil temperatures, sea ice coverage, precipitation and snow depths. The results show a strong positive growth response to the amount of thawing and growing degree-days as well as to winter and spring soil temperatures. In addition to these direct effects, a strong negative growth response to sea ice extent was identified, indicating a possible link between local sea ice conditions, local climate variations and Betula nana growth rates. Data also reveal a clear shift within the last 20years from a period with thick snow depths (1991-1996) and a positive effect on Betulanana radial growth, to a period (1997-2011) with generally very shallow snow depths and no significant growth response towards snow. During this period, winter and spring soil temperatures have increased significantly suggesting that the most recent increase in Betulanana radial growth is primarily triggered by warmer winter and spring air temperatures causing earlier snowmelt that allows the soils to drain and warm quicker. The presented results may help to explain the recently observed greening of the Arctic' which may further accelerate in future years due to both direct and indirect effects of winter warming.

Published
2015

47. Methods for measuring arctic and alpine shrub growth:a review

Author

Myers-Smith, Isla, Hallinger, Martin, Blok, Daan, Sass-Klaassen, Ute, Rayback, Shelly, Weijers, Stef, Trant, Andrew, Tape, Ken, Naito, Adam, Wipf, Sonja, Rixen, Christian, Dawes, Melissa, Wheeler, Julia, Buchwal, Agata, Baittinger, Claudia, Macias-Fauria, Marc, Forbes, Bruce, Lévesque, Esther, Boulanger-Lapointe, Noémie, Beil, Ilka, Ravolainen, Virve, Wilmking, Martin, Myers-Smith, Isla, Hallinger, Martin, Blok, Daan, Sass-Klaassen, Ute, Rayback, Shelly, Weijers, Stef, Trant, Andrew, Tape, Ken, Naito, Adam, Wipf, Sonja, Rixen, Christian, Dawes, Melissa, Wheeler, Julia, Buchwal, Agata, Baittinger, Claudia, Macias-Fauria, Marc, Forbes, Bruce, Lévesque, Esther, Boulanger-Lapointe, Noémie, Beil, Ilka, Ravolainen, Virve, and Wilmking, Martin

Abstract

Shrubs have increased in abundance and dominance in arctic and alpine regions in recent decades. This often dramatic change, likely due to climate warming, has the potential to alter both the structure and function of tundra ecosystems. The analysis of shrub growth is improving our understanding of tundra vegetation dynamics and environmental changes. However, dendrochronological methods developed for trees, need to be adapted for the morphology and growth eccentricity of shrubs. Here, we review current and developing methods to measure radial and axial growth, estimate age, and assess growth dynamics in relation to environmental variables. Recent advances in sampling methods, analysis and applications have improved our ability to investigate growth and recruitment dynamics of shrubs. However, to extrapolate findings to the biome scale, future dendroecologicalwork will require improved approaches that better address variation in growth within parts of the plant, among individuals within populations and between species.

Published
2015

48. Tree rings and volcanic cooling

Author

Krusic, Paul J., Luckman, Brian, Shashkin, Alexander V., Grudd, Håkan, Buchwal, Agata, Evans, Michael N., Cook, Edward R., Kirdyanov, Alexander V., Briffa, Keith R., Salzer, Matthew W., Gunnarson, Björn E., Vaganov, Eugene A., Büntgen, Ulf, Anchukaitis, Kevin J., Wilson, Rob J.S., Breitenmoser, Petra, Frank, David, Körner, Christian, D'Arrigo, Rosanne D., Melvin, Thomas M., Esper, Jan, Hughes, Malcolm K., and Timmreck, Claudia

Published
2012
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49. Tree rings and volcanic cooling

Author

Anchukaitis, Kevin, Breitenmoser, Petra, Briffa, Keith R., Buchwal, Agata, B��ntgen, Ulf, Cook, Edward R., D'Arrigo, Rosanne Dorothy, Evans, Michael N., Frank, David, Grudd, H��kan, Gunnarson, Bj��rn E., Hughes, Malcolm K., Krusic, Paul J., Kirdyanov, Alexander V., K��rner, Christian, Luckman, Brian, Melvin, Thomas M., Salzer, Matthew W., Shashkin, Alexander V., Timmreck, Claudia, Vaganov, Eugene A., and Wilson, Robert J.

Subjects
Climatic changes
Abstract

Comment on Mann, M. E., Fuentes, J. D. & Rutherford, S. Nature Geosci. 5, 202���205 (2012).

Published
2012
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