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1. A geometric approach to approximating the limit set of eigenvalues for banded Toeplitz matrices

Author

Bucht, Teodor and Christiansen, Jacob S.

Subjects
Mathematics - Numerical Analysis, Mathematics - Spectral Theory, 15B05, 47B06, 47B35, 65F15
Abstract

This article is about finding the limit set for banded Toeplitz matrices. Our main result is a new approach to approximate the limit set $\Lambda(b)$ where $b$ is the symbol of the banded Toeplitz matrix. The new approach is geometrical and based on the formula $\Lambda(b) = \cap_{\rho \in (0, \infty)} \text{sp } T(b_\rho)$, where $\rho$ is a scaling factor, i.e. $b_\rho(t) := b(\rho t)$, and $\text{sp }(\cdot)$ denotes the spectrum. We show that the full intersection can be approximated by the intersection for a finite number of $\rho$'s, and that the intersection of polygon approximations for $\text{sp } T(b_\rho)$ yields an approximating polygon for $\Lambda(b)$ that converges to $\Lambda(b)$ in the Hausdorff metric. Further, we show that one can slightly expand the polygon approximations for $\text{sp } T(b_\rho)$ to ensure that they contain $\text{sp } T(b_\rho)$. Then, taking the intersection yields an approximating superset of $\Lambda(b)$ which converges to $\Lambda(b)$ in the Hausdorff metric, and is guaranteed to contain $\Lambda(b)$. Combining the established algebraic (root-finding) method with our approximating superset, we are able to give an explicit bound on the Hausdorff distance to the true limit set. We implement the algorithm in Python and test it. It performs on par to and better in some cases than existing algorithms. We argue, but do not prove, that the average time complexity of the algorithm is $O(n^2 + mn\log m)$, where $n$ is the number of $\rho$'s and $m$ is the number of vertices for the polygons approximating $\text{sp } T(b_\rho)$. Further, we argue that the distance from $\Lambda(b)$ to both the approximating polygon and the approximating superset decreases as $O(1/\sqrt{k})$ for most of $\Lambda(b)$, where $k$ is the number of elementary operations required by the algorithm., Comment: 25 pages, 9 figures. Revised version, Algorithm 2 and Example 4.1 added, final version

Published
2023
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2. Arbovirus surveillance in febrile patients attending selected health facilities in Rwanda

Author

Vincent Rusanganwa, Olivia Wesula Lwande, Brenda Bainda, Patrick I. Chiyo, Eric Seruyange, Göran Bucht, and Magnus Evander

Subjects
Tick-borne viruses, mosquito-borne viruses, molecular detection, arbovirus, Rwanda, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

ABSTRACTArthropod-borne (arbo) viruses cause emerging diseases that affect the livelihoods of people around the world. They are linked to disease outbreaks resulting in high morbidity, mortality, and economic loss. In sub-Saharan Africa, numerous arbovirus outbreaks have been documented, but the circulation and magnitude of illness caused by these viruses during inter-epidemic periods remains unknown in many regions. In Rwanda, there is limited knowledge on the presence and distribution of arboviruses. This study aimed at determining the occurrence and distribution of selected arboviruses, i.e., chikungunya virus (CHIKV), o’nyong-nyong virus (ONNV), dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), among febrile patients visiting health centres in Rwanda. A total of 2294 dry blood spots (DBS) were collected on filter papers during August 2019 – December 2020. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on samples in pools of ten, using both quantitative (DENV, ZIKV, RVFV) and conventional PCR (CHIKV, ONNV, WNV, CCHFV) with virus specific primers, followed by sequencing. Demographic data and clinical manifestations of illness were analysed. ONNV infection was detected in 12 of 230 pools (5.2%) and ZIKV in three pools (1.3%). The other arboviruses were not detected. All ONNV cases were found in the Rwaniro health centre, while ZIKV infection was found among patients visiting the Kirinda and Zaza health centres. There was temporal variability in ONNV infections with most cases being recorded during the long dry season, while ZIKV infection occurred during both dry and wet seasons. Patients with ONNV were older and more were females. In conclusion, ONNV and ZIKV infection were detected in acute patients and can explain some of the feverish diseases in Rwanda.

Published
2024
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5. Novel strains of Culex flavivirus and Hubei chryso-like virus 1 from the Anopheles mosquito in western Kenya

Author

Olivia Wesula Lwande, Jonas Näslund, Andreas Sjödin, Rebecca Lantto, Verah Nafula Luande, Göran Bucht, Clas Ahlm, Bernard Agwanda, Vincent Obanda, and Magnus Evander

Subjects
Culex flavivirus, Hubei chryso-like virus 1, mosquito-borne viruses, Next generation target enrichment protocol, Western Kenya, Anopheles spp, Microbiology, QR1-502, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Surveillance of mosquito vectors is critical for early detection, prevention and control of vector borne diseases. In this study we used advanced molecular tools, such as DNA barcoding in combination with novel sequencing technologies to discover new and already known viruses in genetically identified mosquito species. Mosquitoes were captured using BG sentinel traps in Western Kenya during May and July 2019, and homogenized individually before pooled into groups of ten mosquitoes. The pools and individual samples were then used for molecular analysis and to infect cell cultures. Of a total of fifty-four (54) 10-pools, thirteen (13) showed cytopathic effect (CPE) on VeroB4 cells, eighteen (18) showed CPE on C6/36 cells. Eight (8) 10-pools out of the 31 CPE positive pools showed CPE on both VeroB4 and C6/36 cells. When using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Sanger sequencing and Twist Comprehensive Viral Research Panel (CVRP) (Twist Biosciences), all pools were found negative by RT-PCR when using genus specific primers targeting alphaviruses, orthobunyaviruses and virus specific primers towards o'nyong-nyong virus, chikungunya virus and Sindbis virus (previously reported to circulate in the region). Interestingly, five pools were RT-PCR positive for flavivirus. Two of the RT-PCR positive pools showed CPE on both VeroB4 and C6/36 cells, two pools showed CPE on C6/36 cells alone and one pool on VeroB4 cells only. Fifty individual mosquito homogenates from the five RT-PCR positive 10-pools were analyzed further for flavivirus RNA. Of these, 19 out of the 50 individual mosquito homogenates indicated the presence of flavivirus RNA. Barcoding of the flavivirus positive mosquitoes revealed the mosquito species as Aedes aegypti (1), Mansonia uniformis (6), Anopheles spp (3), Culex pipiens (5), Culex spp (1), Coquilletidia metallica (2) and Culex quinquefasciatus (1). Of the 19 flavivirus positive individual mosquitoes, five (5) virus positive homogenates were sequenced. Genome sequences of two viruses were completed. One was identified as the single-stranded RNA Culex flavivirus and the other as the double-stranded RNA Hubei chryso-like virus 1. Both viruses were found in the same Anopheles spp. homogenate extracted from a sample that showed CPE on both VeroB4 and C6/36 cells. The detection of both viruses in a single mosquito homogenate indicated coinfection. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that the Culex flavivirus sequence detected was closely related to a Culex flavivirus isolated from Uganda in 2008. All four Hubei chryso-like virus 1 segments clusters closely to Hubei chryso-like virus 1 strains isolated in Australia, China and USA. Two novel strains of insect-specific viruses in Anopheles mosquitoes were detected and characterized.

Published
2024
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6. Environmental attitude and affective-motivational beliefs towards sustainability of secondary school children in Germany and their associations with gender, age, school type, socio-economic status and time spent in nature.

Author

Charlotta Bucht, Joachim Bachner, and Sarah Spengler

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

There are warnings that human actions will lead to irreversible environmental damage if they continue at their current pace and scale. With regard to individual aspects, a pro-environmental attitude and positive affective-motivational beliefs towards sustainability represent fundamentals for a more sustainable future. However, there is little data regarding these constructs and relevant explanatory factors, especially with regard to young people. We examined environmental attitude (two-dimensional: utilization and preservation) and affective-motivational beliefs towards sustainability with regard to gender, age, socio-economic status, school type and time spent in nature in 484 adolescents (11-14 years) living in German cities by means of univariate and multiple regression analyses. Mean values were high in preservation and affective-motivational beliefs towards sustainability, and relatively low in utilization. Female adolescents had higher values compared to male students in affective-motivational beliefs towards sustainability. Age did not play a substantial role. Although being strongly correlated with each other, school type and socio-economic status each exhibited positive associations to environmental attitude and affective-motivational beliefs towards sustainability. Furthermore, multiple regression analyses identified time spent in nature as a significant predictor of incremental value, suggesting a tentative recommendation to spend at least half an hour per week in nature in order to promote positive attitudes towards the environment and sustainability. In sum, special needs for topic-related education seem to exist for male students, students with lower formal level of education, students with a lower socio-economic status and students who spend little time in nature.

Published
2024
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8. Evidence of orthohantavirus and leptospira infections in small mammals in an endemic area of Gampaha district in Sri Lanka

Author

N. P. Sunil-Chandra, Åsa Fahlman, Shantha Waidyarathna, Jonas Näslund, M. V. M. L. Jayasundara, Lwande Olivia Wesula, and Göran Bucht

Subjects
Sri Lanka, Orthohantavirus, Leptospira, Rodents, Shrews, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Orthohantaviruses and leptospira are emerging zoonotic pathogens of high public health significance. The epidemiology of orthohantavirus infections and leptospirosis is similar and presents related clinical pictures in humans. However, a paucity of data on actual reservoir hosts for orthohantaviruses and leptospira exists. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the occurrence of orthohantaviruses and leptospira in small mammals captured in an endemic region of Sri Lanka. Methods Rodents and shrews were morphologically and/or genetically identified using morphological keys and DNA barcoding techniques targeting the cytochrome oxidase b subunit gene (Cytb). Lung tissues and sera were subsequently analyzed for the presence of orthohantavirus RNA using qRT-PCR. Sera of rats were tested for IgG antibodies against orthohantaviruses and leptospira. Results Forty-three (43) small mammals representing: Rattus (R.) rattus (black rat) or R. tanezumi (Asian rat), Suncus murinus (Asian house shrew), R. norvegicus (brown rat) and Mus musculus (house mouse) were investigated. No orthohantavirus RNA was detected from the lung tissue or serum samples of these animals. Elevated levels of IgG antibodies against Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) and/or Seoul orthohantavirus (SEOV) antigens were detected in sera of 28 (72%) out of the 39 rats analysed. Interestingly, 36 (92%) of the 39 rats also showed presence of anti leptospira-IgG antibodies in their serum, representing dual infection or dual exposure in 26/39 (66.7%) of examined rats. Conclusions This project targets important public health questions concerning the occupational risk of orthohantavirus infections and/or leptospirosis in an endemic region of Sri Lanka. Most rats (72%) in our study displayed antibodies reacting to orthohantavirus NP antigens, related to PUUV and/or SEOV. No correlation between the orthohantavirus and leptospira IgG antibody levels were noticed. Finally, a combination of both morphological and DNA barcoding approaches revealed that several species of rats may play a role in the maintenance and transmission of orthohantavirus and leptospira in Sri Lanka.

Published
2022
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12. Changes in dementia diagnoses in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Michael Axenhus, Sophia Schedin-Weiss, Lars Tjernberg, Anders Wimo, Maria Eriksdotter, Gustaf Bucht, and Bengt Winblad

Subjects
Alzheimer’s disease, COVID-19, Dementia, Diagnosis, Sweden, Vascular dementia, Geriatrics, RC952-954.6
Abstract

Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has caused large disruptions to healthcare systems. Refocus on COVID-19 related care might have contributed to indirect effects on other healthcare areas. Care focused on acute conditions have been negatively affected although research into the effects on chronic and care intensive patient groups such as patients with dementia diseases is lacking. In this study we evaluated dementia diagnosis trends in Sweden during 2015–2020 according to International Classification of Disease version 10 coding of common dementia diseases. Methods Regional and national statistics in the form of International Classification of Disease version 10 coding, COVID-19 incidence, mortality data, and population census data were collected from the National Institute of Health and Welfare. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify trends of dementia diagnosis during 2015–2020. Correlation test was performed between COVID-19 incidence, mortality rates, and dementia coding. Results Dementia diagnosis incidence has been declining since 2015 and further decline was noted in many regions in Sweden during 2020. As COVID-19 incidence increased, fewer cases of dementia were diagnosed, a decrease that differentially impacted women and those who were advanced in age. Conclusions Dementia diagnosis incidence in Sweden has been on a decline since 2015. The COVID-19 pandemic caused a further larger decline in dementia diagnosis incidence during 2020. COVID-19 incidence, but not mortality, was associated with decrease in dementia diagnosis incidence. There might be a large number of undiagnosed patients with dementia and healthcare reforms should be enacted to address this. Women and elderly are particularly vulnerable groups.

Published
2022
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14. Immediate dry decontamination using efficient absorbent materials is beneficial following skin exposure to low‐volatile toxic chemicals.

Author

Thors, Lina, Wigenstam, Elisabeth, Qvarnström, Johanna, Wästerby, Pär, Öberg, Linda, and Bucht, Anders

Subjects
TOXIC substance exposure, CHEMICAL warfare agents, NERVE gases, POISONS, MASS casualties
Abstract

In a chemical mass casualty incident requiring skin decontamination, dry removal using absorbent materials may be beneficial to enable immediate decontamination. The efficacy of absorbent materials has therefore been evaluated, alone or procedures including both dry and wet decontamination, following skin exposure to two low volatile toxic chemicals using an in vitro human skin penetration model. Additionally, removal using active carbon wipes was evaluated with or without the Dahlgren Decon solution. All dry decontamination procedures resulted in a significantly decreased skin penetration rate of the industrial chemical 2‐butoxyethanol compared to the control without decontamination. Wet decontamination following dry absorption significantly improved the efficacy compared to dry removal alone. Dry decontamination post‐exposure to the chemical warfare nerve agent VX showed no decontamination efficacy. However, dry and wet decontamination resulted in a decreased agent skin penetration rate during the last hour of the experiment. At −15°C, significantly reduced VX skin penetration rates were demonstrated for both dry decontamination alone and the dry and wet decontamination procedure. The Dahlgren Decon solution significantly reduced the amount of VX penetrating the skin, but the active carbon wipe alone did not impact the skin penetration rate. In conclusion, absorbent materials are beneficial for the removal of low‐volatile chemicals from the skin, but the degree of efficacy varies between chemicals. Despite the variability, immediate dry decontamination using available absorbent materials prior to wet decontamination is recommended as a general procedure for skin decontamination. The procedure should also be prioritized in cold‐weather conditions to prevent patient hypothermia. Skin decontamination is important in a chemical mass casualty incident, including toxic, low‐volatile chemicals. In vitro human skin studies displayed the beneficial impact of dry decontamination prior to wet decontamination, however, the degree of efficacy varies post‐exposure to the industrial chemical 2‐butoxyethanol and the nerve agent VX. In cold air temperatures, dry removal was efficient post‐exposure to VX. Immediate dry removal using available absorbent materials prior to wet decontamination is therefore recommended as a general procedure for skin decontamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Education for sustainable development in physical education: Program development by use of intervention mapping

Author

Charlotta Bucht, Filip Mess, Joachim Bachner, and Sarah Spengler

Subjects
sustainability behavior, behavior change, intervention development, educational program, teaching material, climate change, Education (General), L7-991
Abstract

There is little information on the development of school-based programs to change students’ sustainability behavior. The goal of this article is to describe the systematic development and the content of a program that includes education for sustainable development in regular physical education. The Intervention Mapping approach was used as a methodological framework for program design. Participatory workshops with relevant stakeholders and experts were part of the process. Considering the physical education curriculum with its multiple objectives, four main behavioral outcomes were derived: Reduction in clothes consumption, change in diet, change in dealing with trash and increased usage of bike/public transportation. Behavior change methods were specifically selected to be suitable for physical education. The developed practical applications are in line with the physical education curriculum. It is reflected on the use of intervention mapping as a methodological framework for program design in the specific field of sustainability behavior and the equally specific setting of physical education. Benefits and limitations of the developed program are discussed.

Published
2022
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18. Arbovirus surveillance in febrile patients attending selected health facilities in Rwanda

Author

Rusanganwa, Vincent, Lwande, Olivia W., Bainda, Brenda, Chiyo, Patrick, Seruyange, Eric, Bucht, Göran, Evander, Magnus, Rusanganwa, Vincent, Lwande, Olivia W., Bainda, Brenda, Chiyo, Patrick, Seruyange, Eric, Bucht, Göran, and Evander, Magnus

Abstract

Arthropod-borne (arbo) viruses cause emerging diseases that affect the livelihoods of people around the world. They are linked to disease outbreaks resulting in high morbidity, mortality, and economic loss. In sub-Saharan Africa, numerous arbovirus outbreaks have been documented, but the circulation and magnitude of illness caused by these viruses during inter-epidemic periods remains unknown in many regions. In Rwanda, there is limited knowledge on the presence and distribution of arboviruses. This study aimed at determining the occurrence and distribution of selected arboviruses, i.e., chikungunya virus (CHIKV), o’nyong-nyong virus (ONNV), dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), among febrile patients visiting health centres in Rwanda. A total of 2294 dry blood spots (DBS) were collected on filter papers during August 2019 – December 2020. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on samples in pools of ten, using both quantitative (DENV, ZIKV, RVFV) and conventional PCR (CHIKV, ONNV, WNV, CCHFV) with virus specific primers, followed by sequencing. Demographic data and clinical manifestations of illness were analysed. ONNV infection was detected in 12 of 230 pools (5.2%) and ZIKV in three pools (1.3%). The other arboviruses were not detected. All ONNV cases were found in the Rwaniro health centre, while ZIKV infection was found among patients visiting the Kirinda and Zaza health centres. There was temporal variability in ONNV infections with most cases being recorded during the long dry season, while ZIKV infection occurred during both dry and wet seasons. Patients with ONNV were older and more were females. In conclusion, ONNV and ZIKV infection were detected in acute patients and can explain some of the feverish diseases in Rwanda., Originally included in thesis in manuscript form.

Published
2024
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20. Beräkningsmodell för vind, vågor och strömmens kraftpåverkan på större fartyg och design av bojkoppling

Author

Bucht, Gustav and Bucht, Gustav

Abstract

Seaflex AB producerar och monterar Seaflexenheter till olika former av flytande marina installationer. Enheten dämpar svängningar som kan uppstå från olika miljöfaktorer. Seaflex AB vill utöka sin arbetsmarknad till förtöjningar för fartyg över 30 meter. Krafterna från miljöfaktorerna skiljer sig avsevärt mellan större och mindre fartyg. Det här examensarbetets mål var att producera en beräkningsmodell som fungerar för större fartyg samt att designa en koppling mellan tamp och de nya bojarna som Seaflex ska använda för större fartyg. Syftet med arbetet var att skapa en grundläggande beräkningsmodell som kan beräkna krafterna från vind, vågor och ström på en fartygskropp så att Seaflex korrekt kan dimensionera antalet kablar till Seaflexenheten, samt att ge Seaflex en design på en koppling som klarar av de högre krafterna. Beräkningsmodellen gjordes i MATLAB, och var uppställd för att passa olika fartygsstorlekar och olika variationer i vind, ström och vågor. Kopplingen designades i Solidworks och en FEM-analys gjordes i Simcenter 3D. Resultatet av beräkningsmodellen ger en graf på hur krafterna varierar över tid. Kopplingen klarar krafter upp till en fartygsstorlek på 50 meter. För att få ett mer tillförlitligt resultat på hur miljöfaktorerna påverkar större fartyg bör fartyget simuleras i stället. FEM-analysen visade att kopplingen inte håller för fartyg över 50 meter, därför bör kopplingens dimensioner ses över vid förtöjning av större fartyg., Seaflex AB produces and installs seaflex units for various forms of floating marine installations. The unit dampens the oscillations that can occur from various environmental factors. Seaflex AB wants to expand its market to moorings of larger vessels over 30 meters. The environmental forces acting on larger vessels differ considerably from smaller vessels. The goal of this thesis was to create a calculation model that can calculate the environmental forces acting on larger vessels and to design a coupling between the hawser and the new bouys Seaflex will use for larger vessels. The purpose of the paper was to produce a basic calculation model that can calculate the forces from wind, waves and current acting on a vessel so Seaflex correctly can modify the amount of cables in the Seaflex unit, and to give Seaflex a design for a coupling that can handle the higher forces. The calculation model was made in MATLAB and was set up to suit different vessel sizes and different variations in wind, waves and current. The coupling was designed in Solidworks and a FEM-analysis was made in Simcenter 3D. The result of the model provides a graph of how the forces vary with time. The coupling can withstand forces up to a vessel size of 50 meters. To get a more reliable result on how environmental factors affect larger ships, the ship should be simulated instead. The FEM-analysis showed that the coupling could not withstand the forces from vessels larger than 50 meters, therefore the dimensions of the coupling should be reviewed when mooring larger vessels.

Published
2024

21. Trends in mortality in people with HIV from 1999 to 2020: a multi-cohort collaboration

Author

Tusch, E, Ryom, L, Pelchen-Matthews, A, Mocroft, A, Elbirt, D, Oprea, C, Günthard, H, Staehelin, C, Zangerle, R, Suarez, I, Vehreschild, J, Wit, F, Menozzi, M, d'Arminio Monforte, A, Spagnuolo, V, Pradier, C, Carlander, C, Suanzes, P, Wasmuth, J, Carr, A, Petoumenos, K, Borgans, F, Bonnet, F, De Wit, S, El-Sadr, W, Neesgaard, B, Jaschinski, N, Greenberg, L, Hosein, S, Gallant, J, Vannappagari, V, Young, L, Sabin, C, Lundgren, J, Peters, L, Reekie, J, Calvo, G, Dabis, F, Kirk, O, Law, M, Monforte, A, Morfeldt, L, Reiss, P, Weber, R, Lind-Thomsen, A, Brandt, R, Hillebreght, M, Zaheri, S, Scherrer, A, Schöni-Affolter, F, Rickenbach, M, Tavelli, A, Fanti, I, Leleux, O, Mourali, J, Marec, F, Boerg, E, Thulin, E, Sundström, A, Bartsch, G, Thompsen, G, Necsoi, C, Delforge, M, Fontas, E, Caissotti, C, Dollet, K, Mateu, S, Torres, F, Blance, A, Huang, R, Puhr, R, Laut, K, Kristensen, D, Phillips, A, Kamara, D, Smith, C, Hatleberg, C, Raben, D, Matthews, C, Bojesen, A, Grevsen, A, Powderly, B, Shortman, N, Moecklinghoff, C, Reilly, G, Franquet, X, Smit, C, Ross, M, Fux, C, Morlat, P, Friis-Møller, N, Kowalska, J, Bohlius, J, Bower, M, Fätkenheuer, G, Grulich, A, Sjøl, A, Meidahl, P, Iversen, J, Reiss, C, Hillebregt, M, Prins, J, Kuijpers, T, Scherpbier, H, van der Meer, J, Godfried, M, van der Poll, T, Nellen, F, Geerlings, S, van Vugt, M, Pajkrt, D, Bos, J, Wiersinga, W, van der Valk, M, Goorhuis, A, Hovius, J, van Eden, J, Henderiks, A, van Hes, A, Mutschelknauss, M, Nobel, H, Pijnappel, F, Jurriaans, S, Back, N, Zaaijer, H, Berkhout, B, Cornelissen, M, Schinkel, C, Thomas, X, Ziekenhuis, A, van den Berge, M, Stegeman, A, Baas, S, de Looff, L, Versteeg, D, Ziekenhuis, C, Pronk, M, Ammerlaan, H, De Munnik, E, Jansz, A, Tjhie, J, Wegdam, M, Deiman, B, Scharnhorst, V, van der Plas, A, Weijsenfeld, A, van der Ende, M, De Vries-Sluijs, T, van Gorp, E, Schurink, C, Nouwen, J, Verbon, A, Rijnders, B, Bax, H, van der Feltz, M, Bassant, N, van Beek, J, Vriesde, M, van Zonneveld, L, de Oude-Lubbers, A, van den Berg-Cameron, H, Bruinsma-Broekman, F, de Groot, J, de Man, M, Boucher, C, Koopmans, M, van Kampen, J, Pas, S, Mc–sophia, E, Driessen, G, van Rossum, A, van der Knaap, L, Visser, E, Branger, J, Rijkeboer-Mes, A, de Ven, C, Ziekenhuis, H, Schippers, E, van Nieuwkoop, C, van IJperen, J, Geilings, J, van der Hut, G, Franck, P, van Eeden, A, Brokking, W, Groot, M, Elsenburg, L, Damen, M, Kwa, I, Groeneveld, P, Bouwhuis, J, van den Berg, J, van Hulzen, A, van der Bliek, G, Bor, P, Bloembergen, P, Wolfhagen, M, Ruijs, G, Kroon, F, de Boer, M, Bauer, M, Jolink, H, Vollaard, A, Dorama, W, van Holten, N, Claas, E, Wessels, E, den Hollander, J, Pogany, K, Roukens, A, Kastelijns, M, Smit, J, Smit, E, Struik-Kalkman, D, Tearno, C, Bezemer, M, van Niekerk, T, Pontesilli, O, Lowe, S, Lashof, A, Posthouwer, D, Ackens, R, Schippers, J, Vergoossen, R, Weijenberg-Maes, B, van Loo, I, Havenith, T, Leyten, E, Gelinck, L, van Hartingsveld, A, Meerkerk, C, Wildenbeest, G, Mutsaers, J, Jansen, C, Mulder, J, Vrouenraets, S, Lauw, F, van Broekhuizen, M, Paap, H, Vlasblom, D, Smits, P, Zuiderzee, M, Weijer, S, El Moussaoui, R, Bosma, A, van Vonderen, M, van Houte, D, Kampschreur, L, Dijkstra, K, Faber, S, Weel, J, Kootstra, G, Delsing, C, van der Burg-van de Plas, M, Heins, H, Lucas, E, Kortmann, W, van Twillert, G, Stuart, J, Diederen, B, Pronk, D, van Truijen-Oud, F, van der Reijden, W, Jansen, R, Brinkman, K, van den Berk, G, Blok, W, Frissen, P, Lettinga, K, Schouten, W, Veenstra, J, Brouwer, C, Geerders, G, Hoeksema, K, Kleene, M, van der Meché, I, Spelbrink, M, Sulman, H, Toonen, A, Wijnands, S, Kwa, D, Witte, E, Koopmans, P, Keuter, M, van der Ven, A, ter Hofstede, H, Dofferhoff, A, van Crevel, R, Albers, M, Bosch, M, Grintjes-Huisman, K, Zomer, B, Stelma, F, Rahamat-Langendoen, J, Burger, D, Richter, C, Gisolf, E, Hassing, R, ter Beest, G, van Bentum, P, Langebeek, N, Tiemessen, R, Swanink, C, van Lelyveld, S, Soetekouw, R, Hulshoff, N, van der Prijt, L, van der Swaluw, J, Bermon, N, Herpers, B, Veenendaal, D, Verhagen, D, van Wijk, M, Ziekenhuis, S, van Kasteren, M, Brouwer, A, de Wiel, B, Kuipers, M, Santegoets, R, van der Ven, B, Marcelis, J, Buiting, A, Kabel, P, Bierman, W, Scholvinck, H, Wilting, K, Stienstra, Y, Jonge, H, van der Meulen, P, de Weerd, D, Ludwig-Roukema, J, Niesters, H, Riezebos-Brilman, A, van Leer-Buter, C, Knoester, M, Hoepelman, A, Mudrikova, T, Ellerbroek, P, Oosterheert, J, Arends, J, Barth, R, Wassenberg, M, Schadd, E, van Elst-Laurijssen, D, van Oers-Hazelzet, E, Vervoort, S, van Berkel, M, Schuurman, R, Verduyn-Lunel, F, Wensing, A, Peters, E, van Agtmael, M, Bomers, M, de Vocht, J, Heitmuller, M, Laan, L, Pettersson, A, Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C, Ang, C, Kinderziekenhuis, W, Geelen, S, Wolfs, T, Bont, L, Nauta, N, Bezemer, D, van Sighem, A, Boender, T, de Jong, A, Bergsma, D, Hoekstra, P, de Lang, A, Grivell, S, Jansen, A, Rademaker, M, Raethke, M, Meijering, R, Schnörr, S, de Groot, L, van den 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Blokhina, I N, Novogrod, Nizhny, Gatell, J M, Miró, J M, Rodriguez, J M, Laporte, J M, Johnson, A M, Johnson, M A, Morfeldt, Central L, Perri, G Di, Marchetti, G C, Perno, C F, Caputo, S Lo, Capobianchi, M R, Biagio, A Di, Roldan, E Quiros, Santoro, M M, Caro, A Di, Manconi, P E, Moioli, M C, Ridolfo, A L, Martino, F Di, Cattelan, A M, Ursitti, M A, Sulekova, L Fontanelli, Plazzi, M M, Del Vecchio, R Fontana, Giuli, C Di, Orofino, G C, Roger, P M, Braun, D L, Bucher, H C, Günthard, H F, Hirsch, H H, Kouyos, R D, de Tejada, B Martinez, Metzner, K J, Scherrer, A U, Valk, Marc vd, Han, W Min, Saint-Pierre, C H U, Miro, J M, Wasmuth, J C, Vehreschild, J J, McNicholl, I, Williams, E D, Volny-Anne, R Campo Alain, Dedes, Nikos, Mendão, Luis, Jakobsen, M L, Kumar, L Ramesh, Elsing, T W, and null, null

Abstract

Background: Mortality among people with HIV declined with the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy. We investigated trends over time in all-cause and cause-specific mortality in people with HIV from 1999-2020. Methods: Data were collected from the D:A:D cohort from 1999 through January 2015 and RESPOND from October 2017 through 2020. Age-standardized all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates, classified using Coding Causes of Death in HIV (CoDe), were calculated. Poisson regression models were used to assess mortality trends over time. Results: Among 55716 participants followed for a median of 6 years (IQR 3-11), 5263 participants died (crude mortality rate [MR] 13.7/1000 PYFU; 95%CI 13.4-14.1). Changing patterns of mortality were observed with AIDS as the most common cause of death between 1999- 2009 (n = 952, MR 4.2/1000 PYFU; 95%CI 4.0-4.5) and non-AIDS defining malignancy (NADM) from 2010 -2020 (n = 444, MR 2.8/1000 PYFU; 95%CI 2.5-3.1). In multivariable analysis, all-cause mortality declined over time (adjusted mortality rate ratio [aMRR] 0.97 per year; 95%CI 0.96, 0.98), mostly from 1999 through 2010 (aMRR 0.96 per year; 95%CI 0.95-0.97), and with no decline shown from 2011 through 2020 (aMRR 1·00 per year; 95%CI 0·96-1·05). Mortality due all known causes except NADM also declined over the entire follow-up period. Conclusion: Mortality among people with HIV in the D:A:D and/or RESPOND cohorts decreased between 1999 and 2009 and was stable over the period from 2010 through 2020. The decline in mortality rates was not fully explained by improvements in immunologic-virologic status or other risk factors.

Published
2024

22. Minimilönedirektivets plats i den svenska rätten - En utredning om förslagen om implementering av minimilönedirektivet i SOU 2023:36 i förhållande till svensk lagstiftning och praxis

Author

Ossborn, Clara, Bucht, Malin, Ossborn, Clara, and Bucht, Malin

Abstract

I juni 2023 presenterades SOU 2023:36. Betänkandet syftar till att utreda frågan om hur EU-kommissionen och Rådets direktiv om tillräckliga minimilöner i Europeiska unionen ska implementeras i den svenska rätten. Betänkandet har bemötts av viss kritik i remissvar från berörda aktörer och experter inom området. Främst med anledning av hur betänkandet behandlar frågan om enskilda rättigheter samt täckningsgraden på den svenska arbetsmarknaden utifrån direktivets artikel 12.2 och 4.2. I uppsatsen kommer frågan om enskilda rättigheter för arbetstagare i svensk rätt samt åtgärder för att förebygga en eventuellt sjunkande täckningsgrad utredas mot bakgrund av betänkandets slutsatser och i förhållande till gällande svensk rätt samt till innehållet i de remissvar som presenterats. Utifrån uppsatsens utredning konstateras i analysen att det finns anledning att hävda att SOU 2023:36 bortser från individuella rättigheter som kan återfinnas i den svenska rätten utifrån 26–27 §§ Medbestämmandelagen i kombination med kollektivavtalets normerande verkan samt i 36 § Avtalslagen. Det konstateras även att det finns anledning att hävda att det saknas en utförligare diskussion om ett eventuellt framtidsscenario där täckningsgraden på den svenska arbetsmarknaden skulle sjunka under direktivets tröskelvärde på 80%, detta för att ge en tydligare och fullständigare bild över läget på den svenska arbetsmarknaden.

Published
2024

23. A GEOMETRIC APPROACH TO APPROXIMATING THE LIMIT SET OF EIGENVALUES FOR BANDED TOEPLITZ MATRICES.

Author

BUCHT, TEODOR and CHRISTIANSEN, JACOB S.

Subjects
*TOEPLITZ matrices, *INTERSECTION numbers, *TIME complexity, *GEOMETRIC approach, *EIGENVALUES
Abstract

This article is about finding the limit set for banded Toeplitz matrices. Our main result is a new approach to approximate the limit set Λ(b) where b is the symbol of the banded Toeplitz matrix. The new approach is geometrical and based on the formula Λ(b)=∩∈(0,∞)sp T(bρ), where ρ is a scaling factor, i.e. bρ(t):=b(ρt), and sp (⋅) denotes the spectrum. We show that the full intersection can be approximated by the intersection for a finite number of ρ's, and that the intersection of polygon approximations for sp T(bρ) yields an approximating polygon for Λ(b) that converges to Λ(b) in the Hausdorff metric. Further, we show that one can slightly expand the polygon approximations for sp T(bρ) to ensure that they contain sp T(bρ). Then, taking the intersection yields an approximating superset of Λ(b) which converges to Λ(b) in the Hausdorff metric, and is guaranteed to contain Λ(b). Combining the established algebraic (root-finding) method with our approximating superset, we are able to give an explicit bound on the Hausdorff distance to the true limit set. We implement the algorithm in Python and test it. It performs on par to and better in some cases than existing algorithms. We argue, but do not prove, that the average time complexity of the algorithm is O(n²+mnlogm), where n is the number of ρ's and m is the number of vertices for the polygons approximating sp T(bρ). Further, we argue that the distance from Λ(b) to both the approximating polygon and the approximating superset decreases as O(1/√k) for most of Λ(b), where k is the number of elementary operations required by the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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24. Expansion of the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) Process Through Wire Embedding, Automated Cutting, and Electrical Contacting

Author

Fabian Ziervogel, Lukas Boxberger, Andre Bucht, and Welf-Guntram Drossel

Subjects
3D-printing, additive manufacturing, automated wire placement, automated contacting, composite materials, computer aided manufacturing, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

Additive manufacturing is establishing new forms of manufacturing processes to produce functional parts. It is thus seen as a hope for a shift towards decentralised production and the associated positive effects on the environment. The most widespread process, Fused Filament Fabrication, already impresses with a large variety of materials and the possibility of including non-polymeric additives as fibre materials. To support this development, this paper describes a form of wire implementation as an add-on for existing FFF systems, that can be realised without major changes to hardware or software. The aim is to integrate electrical functions directly into the component - in one manufacturing process. The process is based on a hybrid material made of PLA with a copper core, which was developed in advance. Within this work, two retrofittable units for FFF printers are described, which cut a continuous wire with a diameter of $0.2~mm$ embedded in a polymer in a fully automatic manner. Furthermore, two thermal contacting processes are presented, which make it possible to contact the embedded wire via the heated extruder nozzle and metallic inserts. Thereby, a best contact resistance of 0.009 ± $0.0023~\Omega$ (50% confidence interval) could be achieved for a screw contact. For a plug-in or solder contacts, a contact resistance of 0.059 ± $0.028\Omega$ (50% confidence interval) was realised. In terms of process technology, the wire deposition within the plastic structure could be reliably realised at printing speeds of $10~mm/s$ on straight sections and $1~mm/s$ in curves with a radius of $5~mm$ . The developed process was successfully validated using a functional demonstrator. The functional sample can be selectively heated to the glass transition temperature and reversibly formed. In summary, the developed methods are suitable for cost-effectively expanding existing FFF systems to integrate electrical functions during the 3D printing process.

Published
2021
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25. Airway regulatory T cells are decreased in COPD with a rapid decline in lung function

Author

Jonas Eriksson Ström, Jamshid Pourazar, Robert Linder, Anders Blomberg, Anne Lindberg, Anders Bucht, and Annelie F. Behndig

Subjects
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Disease mechanisms, Lung function decline, Smoking habits, Bronchoalveolar lavage, Regulatory T cells, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Abstract Background Differences in the expression of regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been suggested to explain why some smokers develop COPD and some do not. Upregulation of Tregs in response to smoking would restrain airway inflammation and thus the development of COPD; while the absense of such upregulation would over time lead to chronic inflammation and COPD. We hypothesized that—among COPD patients—the same mechanism would affect rate of decline in lung function; specifically, that a decreased expression of Tregs would be associated with a more rapid decline in FEV1. Methods Bronchoscopy with BAL was performed in 52 subjects recruited from the longitudinal OLIN COPD study; 12 with COPD and a rapid decline in lung function (loss of FEV1 ≥ 60 ml/year), 10 with COPD and a non-rapid decline in lung function (loss of FEV1 ≤ 30 ml/year), 15 current and ex-smokers and 15 non-smokers with normal lung function. BAL lymphocyte subsets were determined using flow cytometry. Results The proportions of Tregs with regulatory function (FoxP3+/CD4+CD25bright) were significantly lower in COPD subjects with a rapid decline in lung function compared to those with a non-rapid decline (p = 0.019). This result was confirmed in a mixed model regression analysis in which adjustments for inhaled corticosteroid usage, smoking, sex and age were evaluated. No significant difference was found between COPD subjects and smokers or non-smokers with normal lung function. Conclusions COPD subjects with a rapid decline in lung function had lower proportions of T cells with regulatory function in BAL fluid, suggesting that an inability to suppress the inflammatory response following smoking might lead to a more rapid decline in FEV1. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02729220

Published
2020
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26. Seewis hantavirus in common shrew (Sorex araneus) in Sweden

Author

Olivia Wesula Lwande, Nahla Mohamed, Göran Bucht, Clas Ahlm, Gert Olsson, and Magnus Evander

Subjects
Hantavirus, Shrew, Seewis virus, Cytochrome C oxidase I gene, Cytochrome B gene, Molecular barcoding, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Rodent borne hantaviruses are emerging viruses infecting humans through inhalation. They cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hemorrhagic cardiopulmonary syndrome. Recently, hantaviruses have been detected in other small mammals such as Soricomorpha (shrews, moles) and Chiroptera (bats), suggested as reservoirs for potential pandemic viruses and to play a role in the evolution of hantaviruses. It is important to study the global virome in different reservoirs, therefore our aim was to investigate whether shrews in Sweden carried any hantaviruses. Moreover, to accurately determine the host species, we developed a molecular method for identification of shrews. Method Shrews (n = 198), caught during 1998 in Sweden, were screened with a pan-hantavirus PCR using primers from a conserved region of the large genome segment. In addition to morphological typing of shrews, we developed a molecular based typing method using sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase I (COI) and cytochrome B (CytB) genes. PCR amplified hantavirus and shrew fragments were sequenced and phylogenetically analysed. Results Hantavirus RNA was detected in three shrews. Sequencing identified the virus as Seewis hantavirus (SWSV), most closely related to previous isolates from Finland and Russia. All three SWSV sequences were retrieved from common shrews (Sorex araneus) sampled in Västerbotten County, Sweden. The genetic assay for shrew identification was able to identify native Swedish shrew species, and the genetic typing of the Swedish common shrews revealed that they were most similar to common shrews from Russia. Conclusion We detected SWSV RNA in Swedish common shrew samples and developed a genetic assay for shrew identification based on the COI and CytB genes. This was the first report of presence of hantavirus in Swedish shrews.

Published
2020
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28. Mismatch Amplification Mutation Assays of Chikungunya Virus and O'nyong-Nyong Virus; A Simple and Reliable Method for Surveillance and Identification of Emerging Alphaviruses

Author

Olivia Wesula Lwande, Verah Nafula Luande, Amanda Pereira de Freitas, Leila Tajedin, Clas Ahlm, Jonas Näslund, Magnus Evander, and Göran Bucht

Subjects
o'nyong-nyong, chikungunya, diagnosis, emerging, single nucleotide polymorphisms, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

BackgroundThe mosquito-borne alphaviruses chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and o'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV) are closely related Alphaviruses that belong to the Semliki forest virus serocomplex. The two viruses are associated with large outbreaks with significant morbidity. However, they are transmitted by different mosquito vectors and accordingly need different prevention strategies. The viruses are difficult to distinguish clinically and there is a lack of sensitive and specific assays that can discriminate between CHIKV and ONNV. Therefore, there is a need for new methods that may be able to determine the true burden of the diseases caused by these viruses, especially in resource-poor settings.MethodTo distinguish between CHIKV and ONNV, we designed and optimized two genetic methods, melt analysis of mismatch amplification mutation assay (Melt-MAMA) and agarose gel-based mismatch amplification mutation assay (Agarose-MAMA). The identification was based on single nucleotide polymorphisms using two competing forward primers and a common reverse primer that targeted selected sites in the envelope genes (E1 and E2). A specific shift in the melting point and mobility on agarose gels was obtained by tailing one of the two competing primers with a G/C-rich stretch of nucleotides.ResultsThe melting point analyses by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR Melt-MAMA) or gel-shift assay (Agarose-MAMA assay) for CHIKV and ONNV were found to be reproducible and the sensitivity of the two assays was estimated at under 100 template copies/reaction. Furthermore, no cross-reactivity with related viruses of the same serocomplex such as Mayaro virus, Ross River virus or Semliki forest virus was detected, or with other viruses such as Sindbis virus (Alphavirus), West Nile virus, dengue virus (Flavivirus), Inkoo virus and Tahyna virus (Orthobunyavirus). The results from the two assays were comparable when the obtained amplicons were analyzed by Melt-MAMA or by Agarose-MAMA.ConclusionHerein we present reliable and robust methods that can discriminate between CHIKV and ONNV. These methods can be used in well-equipped laboratories and basic clinical settings (e.g., in developing countries), as well as in field situations. The approach may also be applicable in the distinction of other closely-related mosquito-borne viruses that belong to the same serogroup.

Published
2022
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30. Outlooks on Children and Media: Child Rights, Media Trends, Media Research, Media Literacy, Child Participation, Declarations. Compiled for the World Summit on Media for Children (3rd, Thessaloniki, Greece, March 23-26, 2001).

Author

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Goteborg (Sweden). International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence on the Screen., Nordic Documentation Center for Mass Communication Research, Aarhus (Denmark)., von Feilitzen, Cecilia, and Bucht, Catharina

Abstract

This report compiles information on recent and current trends in media literacy, including research on children and media, declarations related to the area, and a selection of relevant organizations and Web sites. The report first delineates children's rights as stipulated in the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child, especially as they relate to children and the media. The report then describes the changing media environment, noting that although media culture is intensive and all-pervasive, there remain huge gaps in various types of media in developed and developing nations. Current research information is then presented on the following topics: (1) recent trends in children's television programming by region; (2) the growth of electronic games; (3) the impact of advertising in audio-visual and children's media; (4) children's access to media in India and the U.S.; (5) children's media use worldwide; (6) children's and adolescents' media use styles in Europe; (7) children's media content preferences; (8) presentation of children in the media; and (9) the impact of media on children. The report next presents examples of international meetings on children and the media since 1990. Organizations and networks providing opportunities for children to develop media literacy and to participate in the creation of media are described. The regulation and self-regulation of media is also discussed. The report also includes international and regional declarations and resolutions on children and the media. A table is appended delineating media information by nation worldwide with information on income classification of countries. (Contains 116 references.) (KB)

Published
2001

31. Outlooks on Children and Media: Child Rights, Media Trends, Media Research, Media Literacy, Child Participation, Declarations. Children and Media Violence Yearbook, 2001.

Author

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Goteborg (Sweden). International Clearinghouse on Children and Violence on the Screen., von Feilitzen, Cecilia, and Bucht, Catharina

Abstract

Focusing on media literacy, this yearbook compiles information on recent and current trends in media effects, including research on children and media, declarations related to the area, and a selection of relevant organizations and Web sites. The report first delineates children's rights as stipulated in the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child and presents information on the distribution of children and adolescents worldwide. Current research information is then presented on the following topics: (1) the changing media environment; (2) recent trends in children's television programming by region; (3) violence in electronic games; (4) the impact of advertising in audio-visual and digital children's media; (5) children's access to media by region; (6) children's media use and media use styles; (7) children's media content preferences; (8) the presentation of children in the media; and (9) the impact of media on children. The report next discusses the increasing debate about what international means might support media that guarantee freedom of expression for adults and children while protecting children from harmful influences. The report next presents examples of international meetings on children and the media since 1990. Organizations and networks providing opportunities for children to develop media literacy and to participate in creating media are described. Finally, the report discusses the influences of media violence and the regulation and self-regulation of media. Also included are international and regional declarations and resolutions on children and media. A table is appended delineating media information by nation worldwide, with information on income classification of countries. (Contains 160 references.) (KB)

Published
2001

32. Cytotoxic lymphocytes in COPD airways: increased NK cells associated with disease, iNKT and NKT-like cells with current smoking

Author

Jonas Eriksson Ström, Jamshid Pourazar, Robert Linder, Anders Blomberg, Anne Lindberg, Anders Bucht, and Annelie F. Behndig

Subjects
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Disease mechanisms, Lung function decline, Smoking habits, Bronchoalveolar lavage, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Abstract Background Cytotoxic lymphocytes are increased in the airways of COPD patients. Whether this increase is driven primarily by the disease or by smoking is not clear, nor whether it correlates with the rate of decline in lung function. Methods Bronchoscopy with BAL was performed in 52 subjects recruited from the longitudinal OLIN COPD study according to pre-determined criteria; 12 with COPD and a rapid decline in lung function (loss of FEV1 ≥ 60 ml/year), 10 with COPD and a non-rapid decline in lung function (loss of FEV1 ≤ 30 ml/year), 15 current and ex-smokers and 15 non-smokers with normal lung function. BAL lymphocyte subsets were determined using flow cytometry. Results In BAL fluid, the proportions of NK, iNKT and NKT-like cells all increased with pack-years. Within the COPD group, NK cells – but not iNKT or NKT-like cells – were significantly elevated also in subjects that had quit smoking. In contrast, current smoking was associated with a marked increase in iNKT and NKT-like cells but not in NK cells. Rate of lung function decline did not significantly affect any of the results. Conclusions In summary, increased proportions of NK cells in BAL fluid were associated with COPD; iNKT and NKT-like cells with current smoking but not with COPD. Interestingly, NK cell percentages did not normalize in COPD subjects that had quit smoking, indicating that these cells might play a role in the continued disease progression seen in COPD even after smoking cessation. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02729220.

Published
2018
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41. Quantification and kinetics of viral RNA transcripts produced in Orthohantavirus infected cells

Author

Julia Wigren Byström, Jonas Näslund, Fredrik Trulsson, Magnus Evander, Olivia Wesula Lwande, Clas Ahlm, and Göran Bucht

Subjects
Orthohantavirus, RNA segments, In-vitro infection, Quantitative real-time PCR, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Rodent borne viruses of the Orthohantavirus genus cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome among people in Eurasia, and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in the Americas. At present, there are no specific treatments or efficient vaccines against these diseases. Improved understanding of viral transcription and replication may instigate targeted treatment of Orthohantavirus infections. For this purpose, we investigated the kinetics and levels of viral RNA transcription during an ongoing infection in-vitro. Methods Vero E6 cells were infected with Puumala Orthohantavirus (strain Kazan) before cells and supernatants were collected at different time points post infection for the detection of viral RNAs. A plasmid containing primer binding sites of the three Orthohantavirus segments small (S), medium (M) and large (L) was constructed and standard curves were generated to calculate the copy numbers of the individual transcripts in the collected samples. Results Our results indicated a rapid increase in the copy number of viral RNAs after 9 h post infection. At peak days, 2–6 days after infection, the S- and M-segment transcripts became thousand and hundred-fold more abundant than the copy number of the L-segment RNA, respectively. The presence of viral RNA in the cell culture media was detected at later time-points. Conclusions We have developed a method to follow RNA transcription in-vitro after synchronous infection of Vero cells. The obtained results may contribute to the understanding of the viral replication, and may have implications in the development of antiviral drugs targeting transcription or replication of negative stranded RNA viruses.

Published
2018
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43. Final amplifier of an ultra-intense all-OPCPA system with 13-J output signal energy and 41% pump-to-signal conversion efficiency

Author

Begishev, I. A., primary, Dorrer, C., additional, Bahk, S.-W., additional, Bucht, S., additional, Feng, C., additional, Guardalben, M. J., additional, Jeon, C., additional, Mileham, C., additional, Roides, R. G., additional, Spilatro, M., additional, Webb, B., additional, Weiner, D., additional, Zuegel, J. D., additional, and Bromage, J., additional

Published
2023
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49. Abstracts

Author

Drossel, Welf-Guntram, Schlegel, Holger, Walther, Michael, Zimmermann, Philipp, Bucht, André, Verl, Alexander, editor, Albu-Schäffer, Alin, editor, Brock, Oliver, editor, and Raatz, Annika, editor

Published
2015
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50. Spatiotemporal control of laser intensity

Author

Froula, Dustin H., Turnbull, David, Davies, Andrew S., Kessler, Terrance J., Haberberger, Dan, Palastro, John P., Bahk, Seung-Whan, Begishev, Ildar A., Boni, Robert, Bucht, Sara, Katz, Joseph, and Shaw, Jessica L.

Published
2018
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