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Memories for events experienced during infancy and early childhood are rarely recollected later in life—a phenomenon termed infantile and childhood amnesia. The formation and retrieval of such episodic memories relies, in part, on the hippocampus. Characterizing the role of hippocampal development in offsetting infantile and childhood amnesia is key to understanding (i) why infantile and childhood amnesia occur and (ii) how episodic memory capacities develop in early ontogeny. Comparative research is necessary for this enterprise because many paradigms and techniques work better with humans or with non-human animals. The four papers in this symposium gather current work in developmental psychology, developmental cognitive neuroscience, and behavioral neuroscience that characterizes the complex and heterogenous developmental profile of behavioral gains in component processes underlying episodic memory capacity in humans and work on the mammalian hippocampus and how it accompanies development. By leveraging and triangulating multiple levels of analyses, we can gain insights that are unavailable using a siloed approach. This collection of work helps delineate clear future directions for a comparative approach in memory development.

Memory enables generalization to new situations, and memory specificity that preserves individual episodes. This study investigated generalization, memory specificity, and their overnight fate in 141 4‐ to 8‐year‐olds (computerized memory game; 71 females, tested 2020–2021 in Germany). The results replicated age effects in generalization and memory specificity, and a contingency of generalization on object conceptual properties and interobject semantic proximity. Age effects were stronger in generalization than in memory specificity, and generalization was more closely linked to the explicit regularity knowledge in older than in younger children. After an overnight delay, older children retained more generalized and specific memories and showed greater gains but only in generalization. These findings reveal distinct age differences in generalization and memory specificity across childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]