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This study investigated the root and canal morphology of maxillary second molars in a Black South African population using high‐resolution cone‐beam computed tomography. In total, 386 maxillary second molar teeth were evaluated and described according to the classifications of Vertucci (with the additions of Sert and Bayirli), as well as Ahmed et al. Root number, fusions and canal morphology were recorded. Relationships between morphology, sex and age were assessed using Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05). Maxillary second molars were predominantly three‐rooted (96.1%), with root fusion observed in 14%. No relationships between sex, age and canal morphology were found. Additional canals were observed in 67.4% of mesiobuccal roots. The Ahmed et al. classification provided a better overall description of the morphology. In this population, maxillary second molar teeth exhibited a diversity of root and canal morphology. Complex variations may render endodontic management more difficult and increase the possibility of missed anatomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The health risks associated with aspiration and ingestion of foreign bodies in children are well known. The increased availability of magnetic toys have added to these risks. A 7-year-old girl presented at the Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery at the University of Pretoria Oral and Dental Hospital with a complaint of pain under the tongue. Examination revealed that magnetic balls had been lodged on either side of the lingual frenum. The patient experienced pain and was unable to dislodge the magnets. This case report documents patient presentation and management and concludes with a brief discussion of potential complications associated with the oral intake of magnets. Though multiple cases documenting the complications associated with ingestion of magnets have been reported, reports of primary oral complications are scant. This case contributes to existing evidence for the dangers associated with high strength magnets used as toys by children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dentin dysplasia (DD) Type I is a developmental condition affecting dentin, inherited in an autosomal‐dominant pattern or occurring due to a new mutation. Whilst the crowns of DD Type I affected teeth appear clinically normal, the roots are blunt and shortened. Pulp necrosis and periapical pathoses may be seen in the absence of obvious causes. Pulp stones and calcifications are frequently encountered. Endodontic management of DD may be challenging. A case of DD Type I, sub‐classification d, in which spontaneous irreversible pulpitis developed on three mandibular incisors is documented. The case was managed by conventional endodontic treatment. Knowledge of this uncommon dental condition may assist dentists to adequately diagnose and manage these cases. Extraction should not be considered the first‐line treatment option when sufficient root length is available to attempt endodontic treatment. Referral for medical evaluation is recommended to rule out systemic diseases which may mimic this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gemination and fusion are developmental conditions affecting the shape of teeth in both primary and permanent dentition. A 12-year-old girl presented for clinical assessment and the examination revealed an unusually shaped mandibular right second molar with irreversible pulpitis. Correlation of the intraoral and radiological appearance of this tooth suggested a diagnosis of either double gemination or fusion. The favourable position of the developing third molar supported early extraction of the abnormal second molar. The present report documents the clinical and radiological presentation of a mandibular second molar with an unusual developmental alteration in shape. Well-timed extraction therapy and good communication may reduce the need for unnecessary, complex treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The concept of single-use of endodontic files remains controversial in the published literature. The extent and attitudes concerning the single-use of endodontic hand files is currently unknown in many countries. Aim: The prevalence and perceptions regarding the single-use of endodontic files was investigated in this descriptive observational study. Methods: A questionnaire regarding the perceptions and usage protocols of endodontic files was developed. Twenty-seven South African dental practices were included in this study. Participation was voluntary. Results: None of the respondents reported single-use of endodontic hand files. Several decontamination methods were used by the respondents for reprocessing endodontic files. Discussion: Financial constraints were reported as the primary reason for the reuse of endodontic files. As no standardised method of reprocessing these instruments exists for South Africa, written guidelines on this subject should be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monomers in a variety of dental materials may cause allergic contact dermatitis. While resin materials have been implicated in the onset of this condition, there is a paucity of evidence linking the condition to the resin-modified glass ionomers (RMGIs). This report documents a rare case of a dentist who developed allergic contact dermatitis following exposure to a RMGI. Contact dermatitis occurred despite the use of latex gloves, which were worn during the procedure. Both the acute and chronic stages of the condition were clinically represented. Patch testing was conducted to confirm the diagnosis. A no-touch technique and the routine use of nitrile gloves were subsequently adopted, which resulted in an overall decrease of the condition. Dentists, auxiliary personnel, and students should be aware of the possibility of sensitization to, and the development of allergic contact dermatitis not only from conventional resin materials, but also from the RMGIs., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.