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Renewed research at the early Miocene fossil site of Bukwa in northeastern Uganda has resulted in new fossil finds, including fish, with representatives of two families, Cichlidae and Alestidae. Although the two families were previously briefly reported from Bukwa, we here give a more detailed account of the fishes based on newly collected material. The cichlid material, mainly composed of vertebrae, can be tentatively assigned to one or more species of Pseudocrenilabrinae. The alestid material, comprising a diversity of teeth, likely represents several different species of Alestes, Brycinus, and/or Bryconaethiops. Although the ichthyofaunal diversity of Bukwa is low, the fishes are important for indicating the paleoenvironment and hydrographic connections of Bukwa. The early Miocene was a critical time for African faunas, because it was during this time that the Afro-Arabian and Eurasian plates came into contact with one another, ending the long isolation of Africa, which, along with rifting in E...

Bryconaethiops yseuxi Boulenger, 1899, originally described from “Haut Congo”, is rehabilitated. The species was synonymized, successively with B. microstoma (Gunther, 1873) and B. macrops Boulenger, 1920, subsequently rehabilitated, and then again considered as a junior synonym of B. microstoma. Bryconaethiops yseuxi is here considered as a valid species, easily distinguished from all other Bryconaethiops species by its small size (maximum: 72.2 mm SL), 7.5 rows of scales between the dorsal‐fin origin and the lateral line; 11–13/1/8–12 gill rakers on the first gill arch and long dorsal‐fin and anal‐fin bases, respectively, 15.7–17.6% of SL and 22.7–25.9% of SL.