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Copyright of Czech Dental Journal / Ceská Stomatologie a Praktické Zubni Lékarstvi is the property of Czech Dental Chamber and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Triple-negative breast carcinomas (TNBC) are a heterogeneous group of tumors with mostly aggressive behaviour and poor prognosis. In association with their aggressive behavior and chemoresistance to treatment, the concept of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has come to the fore. CD9 and CD29 proteins are associated with EMT and may play a role in TNBC progression. Our aim was to investigate association of these markers with the lymph node metastasis, tumor grade, proliferative activity, and patient survival., Patients and Methods: Our cohort consisted of 66 TNBC patients without neoadjuvant therapy, aged 26-81 years. The pathological tumor stages ranged from pT1b to pT3 and histological grades ranged from II to III, according to the Bloom-Richardson system. Immunohistochemical evaluation of CD9, CD29, E-cadherin, vimentin, androgen receptor and Ki-67 expression was performed semiquantitatively using the H-score. Expression of the proteins was statistically evaluated in relation to the clinicopathological parameters and survival of the patients., Results: We observed lower expression of CD9 in lymph node metastases compared to the primary tumor (P = 0.021). The CD29 expression in primary tumor was significantly lower in patients with lymph node metastases compared to patients without cancer dissemination (P = 0.03). Neither CD9 nor CD29 protein expression was associated with breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). Lower expression of E-cadherin at the periphery of the primary tumor was associated with worse BCSS (P = 0.038). Neither grade nor the presence of lymph node metastases reached significant association with the BCSS. Lower expression of E-cadherin at the periphery was also associated with higher Ki67 (Rs -0.26) and vimentin (Rs -0.33)., Conclusion: Decreased protein expression of CD9 and CD29 were associated with lymph node metastasis growth, however, their association with survival was not proved. Lower expression of E-cadherin at the periphery of the primary tumor was associated with high proliferation and poor breast cancer-specific survival.

CD9 is a crucial regulator of cell adhesion in the immune system and plays important physiological roles in hematopoiesis, blood coagulation or viral and bacterial infections. It is involved in the transendothelial migration of leukocytes which might also be hijacked by cancer cells during their invasion and metastasis. CD9 is found at the cell surface and the membrane of exosomes affecting cancer progression and therapy resistance. High expression of CD9 is mostly associated with good patients outcome, with a few exceptions. Discordant findings have been reported for breast, ovarian, melanoma, pancreatic and esophageal cancer, which might be related to using different antibodies or inherent cancer heterogeneity. According to in vitro and in vivo studies, tetraspanin CD9 is not clearly associated with either tumor suppression or promotion. Further mechanistic experiments will elucidate the role of CD9 in particular cancer types and specific conditions., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Ondruššek, Kvokačková, Kryštofová, Brychtová, Souček and Bouchal.)

Background: Despite the relatively high rate of curability, approximately 20% to 30% of patients with classic Hodgkin lymphoma relapse. Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells:lymphoma-associated macrophages (LAMs) cross talk promotes tumor growth and resistance to therapy. The aim of the study was to assess the prognostic role of the LAM to HRS ratio (LHR) in lymph node biopsies using a novel automated system for scanning large sample areas., Patients and Methods: High-quality tissue samples obtained from 71 patients and stained with anti-CD30 and anti-CD68 were analyzed using the TissueFAXS (TissueGnostics)., Results: A high LHR was associated with inferior 5-year progression-free survival (PFS; 50.0% vs. 79.3%; P = .032) and overall survival (OS; 65.4% vs. 92.3%; P = .012). Multivariate Cox regression identified the high LHR as an unfavorable prognostic factor for PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 3.07; P = .029) and OS (HR, 4.56; P = .025)., Conclusion: A high LHR at diagnosis is associated with a higher risk of lymphoma progression or death. Automated image analysis is a new tool that can overcome technical limitations of by microarray samples in lymphomas with high intratumor heterogeneity., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Tumour microenvironment contributes to growth and metastasis, where angiogenesis and immune alteration suppressing its effectory function belong to main factors. Our study is focused on an analysis of microvascular density (MVD), quantification of FOXP3+ T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs) and PD-L1 lymphocytes, which are associated with a tumour-cells immune escape mechanism. We examined 95 cutaneous melanomas devided in four groups according to TNM classification - pT1 (35), pT2 (21), pT3 (21), pT4 (18) and 25 melanocytic nevi as a control group. Investigated parameters were detected on paraffin embedded tissues by indirect immunohistochemistry, and evaluated by light microscope in central (C) and at peripheral regions (P) on a 1mm2 „hot spot“ region (the area of the highest density). We found a significant MVD increase correlating with a stage of disease, mostly at the edge of tumours (p=0,0001). Lymphocytic PD-L1 expresion was increased in melanomas of pT3 and pT4 stages, also predominantly at the periphery of lesions (p=0,0001). Numbers of FOXP3 lymphocytes positively correlated with a melanoma stage, where higher values were observed in central areas (p=0,008). Our study documents that stimulation of angiogenesis and induction of an adaptive immune response correlate with a melanoma stage. The most prominent changes are at the tumour periphery confirming heterogeneity of a tumour stroma, which is more prominent in advanced tumours, and which may contribute to higher agresivity of these stages.

Ectopic cilia are extremely rare congenital anomalies in which eyelash follicles appear in an abnormal place on the eyelid, most typically on the lateral quadrant of the anterior surface of the upper eyelid. In the majority of cases, simple surgical excision of ectopic cilia is indicated because of its cosmetic aspect. There is usually no associated medical co-morbidity with this anomaly. The authors report an unusual case of ectopic cilia associated with an orbital dermoid cyst and sinus tract. A 3-year-old boy was initially diagnosed with ectopic cilia on the left upper eyelid. There was no history of inflammation or swelling of the eyelid. An ophthalmological examination revealed only 1 mm of ptosis; no proptosis, inferior displacement, or palpable orbital mass was present. During surgical excision of the ectopic cilia, a thin sinus tract was identified, leading posteriorly to the orbit. Magnetic resonance imaging performed after the excision showed a supraorbital extraconal mass just below the roof of the left orbit. A supraorbital 2-piece craniotomy was performed with total extirpation of the dermoid cyst. The cyst was removed en bloc without damage to the extraocular muscles, but the sinus tract could no longer be identified. Follow-up MRI was performed 6 months after surgery and showed no evidence of recurrence. A follow-up ophthalmological examination showed no signs of inferior displacement or proptosis. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this case is the first reported instance of ectopic cilia associated with a dermoid cyst and sinus tract in which no typical clinical signs and symptoms of possible orbital pathology were present. This case highlights the value of radiological examination in all cases of ectopic cilia prior to surgical excision.

Background: Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes are rare conditions manifest as psychiatric/neurological symptoms. They are caused by autoimmunne cross-reaction leading to destruction of the central nervous system., Case: We present the case of a 64-year-old patient hospitalized for 6 months at the Department of Psychiatry for persisting depression. During that time he progressed to delirium. A diagnosis of diffuse encephalopathy was made, but further examination revealed a small cell lung cancer with generalisation. A paraneoplastic syndrome was finally diagnosed after autoptic and histologic examination., Conclusion: Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes can be early signs of malignancy and may considerably precede oncologic diagnosis.

Objective: The aim of the study was the analysis of the new molecular genetic immunomarkers (p53, c-erbB-2, Ki 67, bcl-2) hormonal receptors (ER, PR) and ploidy disturbances and their relation to the most important prognostic factors for endometrial cancer., Design: Prospective study., Setting: Dept. of Gynaecology and Obsterics, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Transplational Medicine, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Olomouc., Methods: The study group consisted of 88 endometrial cancer patients. The biopsies of the tumours obtained at operations were routinely histopathologically examined. Subsequently, the immunohistochemical tumormarkers were determined. The same biopsies were examined by microdissection and flow cytometric ploidy analysis and karyotyping. The findings were compared with the most important prognostic factors for endometrial cancer, mainly with clinical stage of the disease, grade and histopathological type., Results: Aneuploidy was found in 71% in the group of poorly differentiated endometrial cancers (G3) in contrast to 47% in the group of G1 and G2 tumours. High expression of p53, Ki 67, c-erbB-2 and low rate of sex hormone receptors was found in the prognostically unfavourable group (G3)., Conclusions: Aneuploidy seems to be an important prognostical factor for endometrial cancer patients. Identification of p53, Ki 67, c-erbB-2, ER a PR is a useful tool to specify a group of prognostically unfavourable patients.

Fibroblasts form the main component of the cell tissue microenvironment, and their basic function is to maintain cell integrity and tissue homeostasis. Fibroblasts essentially participate in wound repair. Recently, increased interest has been focused on the role of fibroblasts in cancers, where they are involved in the ransformation of a tumour stroma, and via production of numbers of cytokines and growth factors participate in tumour progression. With regard to their impact in cancerogenesis, fibroblasts become a new target of cancer therapy.

The authors present a rare case of double skin tumors: acral lentiginous melanoma and metatypical carcinoma. The tumors were manifested as gradually enlarging ulcerations on the leg and sole of the foot that did not respond to standard treatment. The skin biopsies showed advanced acral lentiginous melanoma on the sole and metatypical carcinoma of the lower leg. Soon after the diagnosis was made, the melanoma generalized. The article discusses the differential diagnosis of both leg ulcerations, correct diagnostic procedures, and characteristic features of both tumors that are important questions for general practitioners, dermatologists, and surgeons.

Unlabelled: Nestin is one of intermedial filaments exprimed in proliferating progenitor cells of the CNS and PNS (central and peripheral nervous system). Postnatal reexpression of the protein occures mainly in CNS tumors and correlates with a high grade of malignancy. The aim of our study is assessment of the nestin expression in benign and malignant skin melanocytic lesions with respect to presume a prognostic role of this protein. We examined 127 bioptic specimens, including 42 nodular melanomas (NM), 32 superficial spreading melanomas (SSM), 10 dysplastic nevi and 43 common intradermal or dermoepidermal nevi. We proved significant increase in nestin expression in melanoma groups, especially in nodular melanomas, where nestin was localized mainly in the peripheral, invasive areas of the tumor mass., Conclusion: Detection of nestin expression might be used as an additional melanocytic tumour marker.

The biological behaviour of precancerous and early stages of uterine cervix carcinoma is not always easily predictable. It is important therefore to identify new biological markers which could more reliably predict the evolution of the disease or provide important therapeutic targets. To establish the role of the proto-oncogene c-myc in uterine cervix tumorigenesis, we examined 96 tissue samples of different degrees of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1-CIN 3), in situ (CIS) or invasive squamous cell carcinoma (ISCC) and control cases. Indirect immunohistochemical techniques were used to detect the c-myc expression. Significantly higher levels of Myc protein were found in keratinocytes of high-grade dysplasias in comparison to low-grade dysplasias and control cases. There was no difference between low-grade CIN and a control group of patients. The same significant changes between above mentioned groups were seen in surrounding stromal cells (fibrocytes, fibroblasts, some endothelial cells and lymphocytes). We confirm that expression of c-Myc protein is increased not only in uterine cervix cancer but also in the premalignant lesions. Problem for discussion seems there for whether increased Myc expression in stromal cells might create a more tumor promoting microenvironment which may support the growth and proliferation of transformed cells.

The aim of this study was to analyse whether DNA ploidy correlates with proliferative activity as measured by PCNA expression, presence of oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs), histological grade, expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and clinical outcome in a cohort of 57 preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the uterine cervix. The samples were analysed using computer image cytomorphometry of Feulgen stained sections, standard indirect immunohistochemistry and hybridisation of HPV DNA in situ. The ploidy data were found to be significantly different between low/high grade preneoplasia and invasive carcinoma. Significant positive relationships were also found between DNA content and proliferation of lesions, and DNA content and clinical behavior of the lesions. Nevertheless, no relationship between DNA ploidy and HPV/Bcl-2 status was established.

Expression of the bcl-2 gene has been shown to effectively confer resistance to programmed cell death in a variety of tumors. The bcl-2 proto-oncogene is involved in the development of human follicular lymphomas and also in a number of solid tumors such as carcinomas of prostate, breast, lung and GIT. The present study was designed to analyze the role of Bcl-2 expression in cervical intraepithelial squamous neoplasias (CIN) and cervical invasive carcinomas. Special attention was given to the association of Bcl-2 expression with the grade of the lesion, proliferative activity (expression of nuclear antigen of proliferative cells - PCNA) and human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA positivity. We examined tissue samples obtained from 86 women with varying degrees of cervical disease. Bcl-2 and PCNA were investigated using immunohistochemical staining and detection of HPV DNA was performed by hybridization in situ. Increased Bcl-2 expression was observed in advanced degrees of dysplasia and in carcinomas. We found a strong association between the presence of Bcl-2 in pathological epithelium with both the degree of dysplasia and the proliferative activity. We also observed a significant correlation between the amount of Bcl-2 positive lymphocytes infiltrating the lesions and the degree of disease. We, therefore, suggest that Bcl-2 expression in these lymphocytes may influence the antiviral or antitumor immune response. On the other hand we did not detect any significant correlation between the Bcl-2 oncoprotein and the presence of HPV. These results indicate that Bcl-2 may play an important role in the development of cervical cancer.

260 cases of women with epithelial neoplasias of the uterine cervix were studied: HPV infection was detected by DNA in situ hybridization and serology, simultaneously structure and intensity of stromal inflammatory reaction (SR) were evaluated (semiquantitatively) as well as standard clinical immunological parametres investigated by serology. Results proved the same character of SR in intraepithelial lesions and invasive carcinomas and the intensity of SR increasing in relation to the gravity of epithelial dysplasia. There was not found any significant difference in SR between cases with detected HPV infection and cases lacking it. Summarized immunological parametres were in limits of normal reference range.