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8. Within-field spatial patterns of Helicoverpa zea(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and spatial associations with stink bugs and their injury in field corn

Author

Bryant, Tim B, Greene, Jeremy K, and Reay-Jones, Francis P F

Abstract

The corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea(Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a cosmopolitan pest in the field crop landscape in the southeastern United States. Field corn (Zea maysL.) is the most important midseason host for H. zeawhere intensive selection pressure occurs for resistance to insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt). Because spatial patterns of H. zeain field corn have not been extensively studied, field corn was sampled for H. zealarvae and injury in 2021 and 2022. Patterns of spatial aggregation were identified in a number of fields in both larval populations and injury. Aggregation of H. zealarvae was less common at R5 than at R2. Associations between the spatial patterns of H. zeaand the variability in crop phenology were identified in some fields, with positive associations between plant height and H. zealarvae, indicating that ovipositing H. zeamoths avoid areas with reduced plant height and delayed reproductive maturity. Additionally, negative spatial associations between stink bug ear injury and H. zealarvae and their injury were found in a small number of cases, indicating some spatial interactions between the two pest complexes and their injury. Results from these studies provide valuable insight into the spatial patterns of H. zeain field corn. An understanding of the local dispersal and population dynamics of H. zeacan be used to help further improve integrated pest management and insect resistance management programs for this major polyphagous pest.

Published
2023
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12. Within-field spatial patterns of Euschistus servusand Nezara viridula(Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in field corn

Author

Bryant, Tim B, Greene, Jeremy K, and Reay-Jones, Francis P F

Abstract

A complex of stink bugs, primarily the brown stink bug, Euschistus servus(Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) , and the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula(L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) , are the most damaging insect pests of field corn, Zea maysL., in the southeastern United States. Characterizing the spatial patterns of these highly mobile, polyphagous pests is critical for developing efficient and effective sampling plans. In 2021 and 2022, stink bugs and their injury were assessed biweekly from emergence through R2 in 20 corn fields. The spatial analysis by distance indices (SADIE) showed that aggregation patterns were identified primarily in adult populations of both E. servusand N. viridula, and in nymphal populations of both species to a lesser extent. Aggregation patterns were also identified in early vegetative injury, but not in ear injury assessed at R2. The spatial association of stink bugs and their injury varied with corn phenological stage. A lack of spatial association between stink bug populations early in the season and vegetative injury suggests a need for intensive sampling, particularly in fields with increased residue from cover crops. Results of this study illustrate the variability in spatial patterns of stink bugs in corn, which can help to improve sampling plans for decision-making in IPM programs.

Published
2023
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22. Wilson, D. Harlan. They Live

Author

Bryant, Tim

Subjects
They Live (Nonfiction work) -- Wilson, D. Harlan, Books -- Book reviews, Literature/writing
Abstract

Wilson, D. Harlan. They Live. London and New York: Wallflower Press, 2015. 118 pp. Paper. ISBN 978-0-231-17211-0. $15.00. Wilson begins his analysis of John Carpenter's cult classic They Live (1988) [...]

Published
2016

30. Ecology and Integrated Pest Management of Major Insect Pests of Field Corn

Author

Bryant, Tim

Subjects
Corn earworm, brown stink bug, southern green stink bug, field corn, IPM, Entomology
Abstract

In the southeastern United States, the brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say), and the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), are common economic pests of corn, Zea mays L. (Poaceae: Poales). Although commonly found, the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is generally not an economic pest and is managed with transgenic corn hybrids expressing toxins produced by the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Resistance to Bt toxins is a major thread to the sustainability of Bt crops. Understanding the ecology of stink bugs and corn earworms in field corn can help to effectively implement integrated pest management (IPM) and insecticide resistance management (IRM). We performed field studies to assess the spatial patterns of stink bugs, corn earworm, and their respective injuries in corn fields, understand the spatial interactions of these pests with plant phenology, monitor sublethal impacts of Bt toxins on corn earworm, and determine how corn stakeholders perceive the relative importance of these pests and implement management. We identified patterns of spatial aggregation of stink bugs and corn earworm. For stink bugs, spatial associations between bugs and ear injury were identified more commonly when stink bugs were sampled during the late vegetative stages of development. Both pests were also spatially associated with plant phenology that varied throughout a corn field. Corn earworm larval populations, in particular, were tightly linked with areas of the field that were more advanced through corn growth stages when sampled. We were the first to identify a competitive interaction between stink bugs and corn earworm in these sampling studies and in a follow up controlled trial. Stink bug ear injury and feeding resulted in a significant decline in corn earworm oviposition, larval density, and total larval feeding across four trials in two study years. In a study assessing the sublethal impacts of Bt toxins on corn earworm, we identified a continued decline in the impact of Bt corn expressing Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 and Cry1Ab + Cry1F on pupal weight over nine years (2014-2023) due to resistance development. Finally, in a survey of corn stakeholders, we identified the most important insect pest considerations for growers, their reasonings for implementing various IPM and IRM strategies, and knowledge and use of IPM. Grower selections for hybrids and seed treatments were heavily dependent on perceived yield potential and industry recommendations rather than specific insect management concerns. Only 59% of growers surveyed indicated that they planned to plant non-Bt refuge, which is a major issue for IRM success. The results of these studies will aid in effective sampling and management of several major pest of field corn.

Published
2024

31. Multimegavolt multiaxis high-resolution flash X-ray source development for a new hydrodynamics research facility at AWE Aldermaston

Author

Goldsack, Tim J., Bryant, Tim F., Beech, Paul F., Clough, Stephen G., Cooper, Graham M., Davitt, Rick, Edwards, Ray D., Kenna, N., McLean, John, Pearce, Adrian G., Phillips, Martin J., Pullinger, Kevin P., Short, David J., Sinclair, Mark A., Thomas, Ken J., Threadgold, Jim R., Williamson, Mark C., and Krushelnick, K.

Subjects
Pulse circuits -- Design and construction, X-rays -- Equipment and supplies, Hydrodynamics -- Research, Pulse amplifiers -- Design and construction, Business, Chemistry, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

The Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, U.K., has a number of pulsed-power-driven flash X-ray machines for diagnosing the hydrodynamics of explosively-driven high-atomic-number materials. The most powerful of these machines is Mogul-E, which operates at about 10 MV and 30 kA, delivering about 400 R at 1 m in a 5-mm spot. Longer-term plans envisage the upgrading of existing facilities through the construction of a hydrodynamic research facility (HRF) with multiaxis radiography. It is proposed that the HRF will be furnished initially with three inductive voltage adder (IVA) machines operating at 14 MV, each giving 600 R at 1 m in a 5-mm spot. It is envisaged that, following further research, the outputs will be increased towards 1000 R, with a reduction in X-ray spot size. More speculative proposals involve increasing the number of machines from three to five, and/or the splitting of the output end of one or more machines to drive more than one X-ray source per machine. An overview of the research programme necessary to achieve these aims is presented. Topics covered include: experiments to investigate the performance at ~ 5 MV of the paraxial diode and the magnetically immersed diode; split magnetically insulated transmission lines where one machine drove two X-ray sources; the design and testing of a prototype IVA module operating at ~ 1.5 MV; the design of an upgrade from 5 MV to 10 MV of one of our existing single pulse-forming-line machines; and initial experiments to investigate the usefulness of ultrashort-pulse lasers for generating useful fluences of 2-4 MeV X-rays. Index Terms--Blumlein, chirped-pulse amplification, CPA, diodes, electron accelerator, immersed B-field diode, inductive voltage adder, IVA, marx, paraxial diode, pulse power, pulsed power, radiography, rod pinch, source size reduction.

Published
2002

36. DS_10.1177_0363546519876630 – Supplemental material for Survival Analysis of Revision Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation for Failed ACI

Author

Ogura, Takahiro, Bryant, Tim, Gergo Merkely, Mosier, Brian A., and Minas, Tom

Subjects
FOS: Clinical medicine, education, 110323 Surgery, 110604 Sports Medicine, FOS: Health sciences, 110314 Orthopaedics
Abstract

Supplemental material, DS_10.1177_0363546519876630 for Survival Analysis of Revision Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation for Failed ACI by Takahiro Ogura, Tim Bryant, Gergo Merkely, Brian A. Mosier and Tom Minas in The American Journal of Sports Medicine

Published
2019
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37. DS_10.1177_0363546518824600 – Supplemental material for Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation for Bipolar Chondral Lesions in the Patellofemoral Compartment: Clinical Outcomes at a Mean 9 Years’ Follow-up

Author

Ogura, Takahiro, Bryant, Tim, Gergo Merkely, and Minas, Tom

Subjects
FOS: Clinical medicine, 110323 Surgery, 110604 Sports Medicine, FOS: Health sciences, 110314 Orthopaedics
Abstract

Supplemental material, DS_10.1177_0363546518824600 for Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation for Bipolar Chondral Lesions in the Patellofemoral Compartment: Clinical Outcomes at a Mean 9 Years’ Follow-up by Takahiro Ogura, Tim Bryant, Gergo Merkely and Tom Minas in The American Journal of Sports Medicine

Published
2019
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45. The FTC: A Fount of Business Data.

Author

Freedom of Information Center, Columbia, MO. and Bryant, Tim

Abstract

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is a valuable source of information if one knows how and where to look. Besides being able to review FTC court litigation, journalists, consumer activists, and the general public have access to specific reports that provide information about mergers and consolidations, corporate organization patterns, quarterly financial statistics, and comprehensive financial data listed by uniform industry categories (line of business reports). If the information seekers are resourceful enough, they may be able to develop contacts within individual FTC divisions and acquire confidential data without a Freedom of Information Act request. (RL)

Published
1979

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