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1. Design and Performance of a 30/40 GHz Diplexed Focal Plane for the BICEP Array

Author

Corwin Shiu, Ahmed Soliman, Roger O’Brient, Bryan Steinbach, James J. Bock, Clifford F. Frez, William C. Jones, Krikor. G. Megerian, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Alessandro Schillaci, Anthony D. Turner, Alexis C. Weber, Cheng Zhang, and Silvia Zhang

Subjects
Astronomical instrumentation, CMBR detectors, Polarimeters, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

We demonstrate a wideband diplexed focal plane suitable for observing low-frequency foregrounds that are important for cosmic microwave background polarimetry. The antenna elements are composed of slotted bowtie antennas with 60% bandwidth that can be partitioned into two bands. Each pixel is composed of two interleaved 12 × 12 pairs of linearly polarized antenna elements forming a phased array, designed to synthesize a symmetric beam with no need for focusing optics. The signal from each antenna element is captured in-phase and uniformly weighted by a microstrip summing tree. The antenna signal is diplexed into two bands through the use of two complementary, six-pole Butterworth filters. This filter architecture ensures a contiguous impedance match at all frequencies, and thereby achieves minimal reflection loss between both bands. Subsequently, out-of-band rejection is increased with a bandpass filter and the signal is then deposited on a transition-edge sensor bolometer island. We demonstrate the performance of this focal plane with two distinct bands, 30 and 40 GHz, each with a bandwidth of ∼20 and 15 GHz, respectively. The unequal bandwidths between the two bands are caused by an unintentional shift in diplexer frequency from its design values. The end-to-end optical efficiency of these detectors is relatively modest, at 20%–30%, with an efficiency loss due to an unknown impedance mismatch in the summing tree. Far-field beam maps show good optical characteristics, with edge pixels having no more than ∼5% ellipticity and ∼10%–15% peak-to-peak differences for A–B polarization pairs.

Published
2024
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2. Improved polarization calibration of the BICEP3 CMB polarimeter at the South Pole

Author

James Cornelison, Clara Verges, P A. Ade, Zeeshan Ahmed, Mandana Amiri, Denis Barkats, Ritoban Basu Thakur, Dominic Beck, Colin A. Bischoff, James J. Bock, Victor Buza, James R. Cheshire, Jake Connors, Michael Crumrine, Ari Jozef Cukierman, Edward Denison, Marion Dierickx, Lionel Duband, Miranda Eiben, Sofia Fatigoni, Jeff P. Filippini, Christos Giannakopoulos, Neil Goeckner-Wald, David C. Goldfinger, James A. Grayson, Paul Grimes, Grantland Hall, George Halal, Mark Halpern, Emma Hand, Sam A. Harrison, Shawn Henderson, Sergi Hildebrandt, Gene C. Hilton, Johannes Hubmayr, Howard Hui, Kent D. Irwin, Jae Hwan Kang, Kirit S. Karkare, Sinan Kefeli, John Kovac, Chao-Lin Kuo, King Lau, Erik M. Leitch, Amber Lennox, Tongtian Liu, Karsten Look, K(oko). G. Megerian, Lorenzo Minutolo, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Yuka Nakato, Toshiya Namikawa, H. T. Nguyen, Roger O'brient, Steven Palladino, Matthew Petroff, Thomas Prouve, Clement Pryke, Benjamin Racine, Carl D. Reintsema, Maria Salatino, Alessandro Schillaci, Benjamin Schmitt, Baibhav Singari, Ahmed Soliman, Tyler St Germaine, Bryan Steinbach, Rashmi Sudiwala, Keith L. Thompson, Calvin Tsai, Carole Tucker, Anthony D. Turner, Caterina Umiltà, Abigail G. Vieregg, Albert Wandui, Alexis C. Weber, Don Wiebe, Justin Willmert, Wai Ling K. Wu, Hung-I Yang, Ki Won Yoon, Edward Young, Cyndia Yu, Lingzhen Zeng, Cheng Zhang, Silvia Zhang, Service des Basses Températures (SBT ), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département des Systèmes Basses Températures (DSBT ), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Polarization, Cosmic Microwave Background, Calibration, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic Birefringence, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The BICEP3 Polarimeter is a small aperture, refracting telescope, dedicated to the observation of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) at 95GHz. It is designed to target degree angular scale polarization patterns, in particular the very-much-sought-after primordial B-mode signal, which is a unique signature of cosmic inflation. The polarized signal from the sky is reconstructed by differencing co-localized, orthogonally polarized superconducting Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers. In this work, we present absolute measurements of the polarization response of the detectors for more than $\sim 800$ functioning detector pairs of the BICEP3 experiment, out of a total of $\sim 1000$. We use a specifically designed Rotating Polarized Source (RPS) to measure the polarization response at multiple source and telescope boresight rotation angles, to fully map the response over 360 degrees. We present here polarization properties extracted from on-site calibration data taken in January 2022. A similar calibration campaign was performed in 2018, but we found that our constraint was dominated by systematics on the level of $\sim0.5^\circ$. After a number of improvements to the calibration set-up, we are now able to report a significantly lower level of systematic contamination. In the future, such precise measurements will be used to constrain physics beyond the standard cosmological model, namely cosmic birefringence., Submitted to: SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation (AS22)

Published
2022

3. Optical Characterization of the Keck Array and BICEP3 CMB Polarimeters from 2016 to 2019

Author

R. Basu Thakur, P. A. R. Ade, Mark Halpern, Sarah M. Harrison, S. Fliescher, Howard Hui, A. D. Turner, E. Bullock, E. Karpel, C. Tucker, B. Racine, Bryan Steinbach, S. A. Kernasovskiy, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Mandana Amiri, Victor Buza, T. St. Germaine, H. T. Nguyen, K. L. Thompson, E. M. Leitch, J. R. Cheshire, Chao Zhang, C. L. Kuo, J. J. Bock, H. Boenish, S. Fatigoni, L. Duband, S. R. Hildebrandt, King Tong Lau, E. Young, Roger O'Brient, John M Kovac, Kirit Karkare, Abigail G. Vieregg, Toshiya Namikawa, Zeeshan Ahmed, D. V. Wiebe, R. Schwarz, C. Pryke, Alessandro Schillaci, C. D. Sheehy, E. Yang, Kent D. Irwin, Stefan Richter, R. V. Sudiwala, S. Kefeli, S. Palladino, W. L. K. Wu, J. Cornelison, A. Wandui, Marion Dierickx, Carl D. Reintsema, C. L. Wong, J. Willmert, J. E. Tolan, G. Hall, K. G. Megerian, Gene C. Hilton, Denis Barkats, C. Yu, A. Cukierman, Jake Connors, R. W. Ogburn, J. A. Grayson, M. Crumrine, K. W. Yoon, C. Umilta, A. C. Weber, Colin A. Bischoff, J. Kang, Calvin B. Netterfield, Jeffrey P. Filippini, Ahmed Soliman, Namikawa, Toshiya [0000-0003-3070-9240], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Transition-edge sensor, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, BICEP3, Radio spectrum, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Optics, Polarization, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Gravitational wave, business.industry, Detector, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Inflation, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Refracting telescope, Keck Array, Transition edge sensor, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

The BICEP/Keck experiment (BK) is a series of small-aperture refracting telescopes observing degree-scale Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization from the South Pole in search of a primordial $B$-mode signature. This $B$-mode signal arises from primordial gravitational waves interacting with the CMB, and has amplitude parametrized by the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$. Since 2016, BICEP3 and the Keck Array have been observing with 4800 total antenna-coupled transition-edge sensor detectors, with frequency bands spanning 95, 150, 220, and 270 GHz. Here we present the optical performance of these receivers from 2016 to 2019, including far-field beams measured in situ with an improved chopped thermal source and instrument spectral response measured with a field-deployable Fourier Transform Spectrometer. As a pair differencing experiment, an important systematic that must be controlled is the differential beam response between the co-located, orthogonally polarized detectors. We generate per-detector far-field beam maps and the corresponding differential beam mismatch that is used to estimate the temperature-to-polarization leakage in our CMB maps and to give feedback on detector and optics fabrication. The differential beam parameters presented here were estimated using improved low-level beam map analysis techniques, including efficient removal of non-Gaussian noise as well as improved spatial masking. These techniques help minimize systematic uncertainty in the beam analysis, with the goal of constraining the bias on $r$ induced by temperature-to-polarization leakage to be subdominant to the statistical uncertainty. This is essential as we progress to higher detector counts in the next generation of CMB experiments., 8 pages, 3 figures. Accepted by the Journal of Low Temperature Physics (Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors)

Published
2020

4. Strong negative electrothermal feedback in thermal kinetic inductance detectors

Author

James J. Bock, Roger O'Brient, A. D. Turner, L. Minutolo, Shubh Agrawal, A. Wandui, Clifford Frez, Bryan Steinbach, and Hien Nguyen

Subjects
Superconductivity, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Settling time, business.industry, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Bolometer, Detector, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Feedback loop, Power (physics), law.invention, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), law, Thermal, Optoelectronics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

We demonstrate strong negative electrothermal feedback accelerating and linearizing the response of a thermal kinetic inductance detector (TKID). TKIDs are a proposed highly multiplexable replacement to transition-edge sensors and measure power through the temperature-dependent resonant frequency of a superconducting microresonator bolometer. At high readout probe power and probe frequency detuned from the TKID resonant frequency, we observe electrothermal feedback loop gain up to $\mathcal L$ $\approx$ 16 through measuring the reduction of settling time. We also show that the detector response has no detectable non-linearity over a 38% range of incident power and that the noise-equivalent power is below the design photon noise., Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures, The following article has been submitted to the Journal of Applied Physics. After it is published, it will be found at https://publishing.aip.org/resources/librarians/products/journals/

Published
2021

5. Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors Camera: System Level Design, Strategy and Performance Forecast

Author

Clifford Frez, James J. Bock, Bryan Steinbach, A. Wandui, Anthony D. Turner, Roger O'Brient, and L. Minutolo

Subjects
Flexibility (engineering), Electronic system-level design and verification, Computer science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Bolometer, Detector, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Scalability, Electronic engineering, Calibration, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Transition edge sensor, 010306 general physics
Abstract

The next-generation instruments for millimeter-wave astronomy will require large arrays of detectors to surpass current performance [see (Hui, 2016) and (Ade, 2018)]. On account of integration challenges, focal planes relying on transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers will not scale gracefully. Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors (TKIDs) are highly scalable and have the design flexibility to solve this problem. We present an update on our detector development and systems engineering in preparation for a 2022 TKIDs camera deployment that includes noise performance, optical characterization, and a calibration strategy.

Published
2021

6. BICEP/Keck XII: Constraints on axionlike polarization oscillations in the cosmic microwave background

Author

S. R. Hildebrandt, H. Boenish, D. V. Wiebe, P. A. R. Ade, K. G. Megerian, J. Kang, C. D. Sheehy, Bryan Steinbach, D. Barkats, S. Palladino, J. E. Tolan, J. Cheshire, J. J. Bock, C. L. Kuo, Edward D. Young, C. D. Reintsema, Tyler St. Germaine, Marion Dierickx, C. Yu, Colin A. Bischoff, Stefan Richter, S. Kefeli, A. C. Weber, Jake Connors, Ahmed Soliman, Lorenzo Moncelsi, A. Schillaci, R. W. Ogburn, Jeffrey P. Filippini, Roger O'Brient, M. Crumrine, K. W. Yoon, G. Hall, C. L. Wong, Abigail G. Vieregg, C. Umilta, Brian Keating, S. Henderson, R. Schwarz, Lingzhen Zeng, John M Kovac, Kirit Karkare, Mark Halpern, J. Hubmayr, Kei May Lau, Calvin B. Netterfield, S. Fatigoni, M. Amiri, Kent D. Irwin, A. Cukierman, E. Bullock, J. A. Grayson, Victor Buza, Howard Hui, Neil Goeckner-Wald, Grant Teply, C. Tucker, S. Fliescher, R. V. Sudiwala, W. L. K. Wu, Toshiya Namikawa, H. Yang, J. Cornelison, Z. Ahmed, S. A. Kernasovskiy, B. L. Schmitt, T. Prouve, C. Pryke, B. Racine, H. T. Nguyen, E. M. Leitch, Bicep, Chao Zhang, A. Wandui, A. D. Turner, E. Karpel, L. Duband, K. L. Thompson, Sarah M. Harrison, J. Willmert, Gene C. Hilton, and R. Basu Thakur

Subjects
Coupling constant, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Oscillation, Cosmic microwave background, Dark matter, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Parameter space, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Amplitude, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Axion
Abstract

We present an improved search for axion-like polarization oscillations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) with observations from the Keck Array. An all-sky, temporally sinusoidal rotation of CMB polarization, equivalent to a time-variable cosmic birefringence, is an observable manifestation of a local axion field and potentially allows a CMB polarimeter to detect axion-like dark matter directly. We describe improvements to the method presented in previous work, and we demonstrate the updated method with an expanded dataset consisting of the 2012-2015 observing seasons. We set limits on the axion-photon coupling constant for mass $m$ in the range $10^{-23}$-$10^{-18}~\mathrm{eV}$, which corresponds to oscillation periods on the order of hours to years. Our results are consistent with the background model. For periods between $1$ and $30~\mathrm{d}$ ($1.6 \times 10^{-21} \leq m \leq 4.8 \times 10^{-20}~\mathrm{eV}$), the $95\%$-confidence upper limits on rotation amplitude are approximately constant with a median of $0.27^\circ$, which constrains the axion-photon coupling constant to $g_{\phi\gamma} < (4.5 \times 10^{-12}~\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}) m/(10^{-21}~\mathrm{eV}$), if axion-like particles constitute all of the dark matter. More than half of the collected BICEP dataset has yet to be analyzed, and several current and future CMB polarimetry experiments can apply the methods presented here to achieve comparable or superior constraints. In the coming years, oscillation measurements can achieve the sensitivity to rule out unexplored regions of the axion parameter space.

Published
2021

7. Observing low elevation sky and the CMB Cold Spot with BICEP3 at the South Pole

Author

Lingzhen Zeng, Paul K. Grimes, Denis Barkats, G. Hall, J. Cornelison, P. A. R. Ade, Jeffrey P. Filippini, E. V. Denison, Ki Won Yoon, S. Henderson, S. Richter, Edward D. Young, R. Schwarz, Y. Nakato, N. Precup, Shengyu Zhang, Sarah M. Harrison, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Che-Hang Yu, Lionel Duband, C. Pryke, Rashmikant V. Sudiwala, G. P. Teply, J. Kang, S. Fliescher, C. Umiltà, A. Wandui, Abigail G. Vieregg, A. C. Weber, Kent D. Irwin, J. Willmert, Gene C. Hilton, H. Boenish, Bryan Steinbach, A. Cukierman, John M Kovac, H. T. Nguyen, Donald V. Wiebe, Kirit Karkare, E. M. Leitch, King Tong Lau, J. Cheshire, Colin A. Bischoff, Toshiya Namikawa, Ahmed Soliman, S. Kefeli, Benjamin L. Schmitt, Eui-Hyeok Yang, E. Bullock, Johannes Hubmayr, W. L. K. Wu, Mark Halpern, Roger O'Brient, D. C. Goldfinger, Anthony D. Turner, T. Prouve, E. Karpel, C. L. Wong, J. E. Tolan, Keith L. Thompson, Sergi R. Hildebrandt, Alessandro Schillaci, Chao-Lin Kuo, Jake Connors, Victor Buza, S. Fatigoni, S. A. Kernasovskiy, James J. Bock, S. Palladino, Carl D. Reintsema, C. D. Sheehy, T. St. Germaine, Marion Dierickx, M. Crumrine, R. W. Ogburn, Zeeshan Ahmed, R. Basu Thakur, M. Eiben, J. A. Grayson, Carole Tucker, B. Racine, Howard Hui, K. G. Megerian, Neil Goeckner-Wald, L. Minutolo, Chao Zhang, Mandana Amiri, Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), Département des Systèmes Basses Températures (DSBT ), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire des Cryoréfrigérateurs et Cryogénie Spatiale (LCCS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Zmuidzinas, Jonas, Gao, Jian-Rong, ILL, and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
gravitational radiation: polarization, detector: performance, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, cosmic background radiation: polarization, anomaly, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, BICEP3, 010309 optics, 0103 physical sciences, Cosmic Microwave Background, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], mirror, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), media_common, Gravitational Waves, Beam diameter, polarization, Cold spot, Gravitational wave, beam: width, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polarization (waves), BICEP, Flat mirror, Inflation, B-mode, Sky, Refracting telescope, power spectrum: angular dependence, Cold Spot, 0210 nano-technology, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Geology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

BICEP3 is a 520 mm aperture on-axis refracting telescope at the South Pole, which observes the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at 95 GHz to search for the B-mode signal from inflationary gravitational waves. In addition to this main target, we have developed a low-elevation observation strategy to extend coverage of the Southern sky at the South Pole, where BICEP3 can quickly achieve degree-scale E-mode measurements over a large area. An interesting E-mode measurement is probing a potential polarization anomaly around the CMB Cold Spot. During the austral summer seasons of 2018-19 and 2019-20, BICEP3 observed the sky with a flat mirror to redirect the beams to various low elevation ranges. The preliminary data analysis shows degree-scale E-modes measured with high signal-to-noise ratio., 12 pages, 10 figures; Figure 7 shows the correct file

Published
2020

8. Receiver development for BICEP Array, a next-generation CMB polarimeter at the South Pole

Author

Zeeshan Ahmed, G. Hall, B. Racine, Lingzhen Zeng, P. A. R. Ade, Colin A. Bischoff, K. G. Megerian, L. Minutolo, E. M. Leitch, S. Palladino, Denis Barkats, K. L. Thompson, B. L. Schmitt, M. Crumrine, Rashmikant V. Sudiwala, Kent D. Irwin, E. V. Denison, Alessandro Schillaci, J. Kang, T. Namikawa, S. Fatigoni, L. Duband, P. Grimes, Edward D. Young, Howard Hui, Neil Goeckner-Wald, M. Amiri, S. Henderson, N. Precup, A. C. Weber, C. Umiltà, D. C. Goldfinger, Victor Buza, J. Cornelison, T. Prouvé, Jeffrey P. Filippini, A. Wandui, Ahmed Soliman, Shou-Cheng Zhang, K. W. Yoon, Sarah M. Harrison, W. L. K. Wu, Anthony D. Turner, J. A. Grayson, Y. Nakato, Chao-Lin Kuo, H. T. Nguyen, John M Kovac, Kirit Karkare, James J. Bock, Carole Tucker, Jake Connors, Sergi R. Hildebrandt, S. Kefeli, J. Willmert, C. Yu, A. J. Cukierman, Johannes Hubmayr, Mark Halpern, D. V. Wiebe, Chao Zhang, R. Basu Thakur, M. Eiben, Gene C. Hilton, C. Pryke, T. St. Germaine, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Marion Dierickx, Abigail G. Vieregg, Kam Y. Lau, Carl D. Reintsema, Eui-Hyeok Yang, Bryan Steinbach, J. Cheshire, Roger O'Brient, Département des Systèmes Basses Températures (DSBT ), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire des Cryoréfrigérateurs et Cryogénie Spatiale (LCCS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Zmuidzinas, Jonas, and Gao, Jian-Rong

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), detector: performance, detector: cryogenics, Cosmic microwave background, Cosmic background radiation, FOS: Physical sciences, cosmic background radiation: polarization, cosmic background radiation, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Cosmology, gravitation: lens, 0103 physical sciences, Cosmic Microwave Background, synchrotron, detector: calibration, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation, Physics, polarization, beam: polarization, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Astronomy, Polarimeter, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), lensing, Polarization (waves), BICEP, Inflation, Galaxy, optics, detector: sensitivity, Gravitational lens, B-mode, B-Modes, readout, galaxy, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

A detection of curl-type ($B$-mode) polarization of the primary CMB would be direct evidence for the inflationary paradigm of the origin of the Universe. The BICEP/Keck Array (BK) program targets the degree angular scales, where the power from primordial $B$-mode polarization is expected to peak, with ever-increasing sensitivity and has published the most stringent constraints on inflation to date. BICEP Array (BA) is the Stage-3 instrument of the BK program and will comprise four BICEP3-class receivers observing at 30/40, 95, 150 and 220/270 GHz with a combined 32,000+ detectors; such wide frequency coverage is necessary for control of the Galactic foregrounds, which also produce degree-scale $B$-mode signal. The 30/40 GHz receiver is designed to constrain the synchrotron foreground and has begun observing at the South Pole in early 2020. By the end of a 3-year observing campaign, the full BICEP Array instrument is projected to reach $\sigma_r$ between 0.002 and 0.004, depending on foreground complexity and degree of removal of $B$-modes due to gravitational lensing (delensing). This paper presents an overview of the design, measured on-sky performance and calibration of the first BA receiver. We also give a preview of the added complexity in the time-domain multiplexed readout of the 7,776-detector 150 GHz receiver., Comment: Proceedings of SPIE 2020 (AS111). This article supersedes arXiv:1808.00568 and arXiv:2002.05228

Published
2020

9. Polarization Calibration of the BICEP3 CMB polarimeter at the South Pole

Author

K. G. Megerian, L. Minutolo, Y. Nakato, John M Kovac, Kirit Karkare, H. Boenish, D. C. Goldfinger, Roger O'Brient, A. D. Turner, C. D. Sheehy, Stefan Richter, Kent D. Irwin, E. Karpel, E. Bullock, Lingzhen Zeng, K. L. Thompson, S. Fliescher, M. Crumrine, K. W. Yoon, G. Hall, H. Hui, J. Kang, P. A. R. Ade, C. Yu, C. Umilta, S. Henderson, Zeeshan Ahmed, A. Cukierman, J. Hubmayr, B. L. Schmitt, N. Precup, D. V. Wiebe, S. Kefeli, Kei May Lau, E. Young, R. Basu Thakur, A. Wandui, Denis Barkats, Victor Buza, Neil Goeckner-Wald, Paul K. Grimes, Jeffrey P. Filippini, Marion Dierickx, J. J. Bock, Mark Halpern, E. Yang, R. V. Sudiwala, W. L. K. Wu, C. D. Reintsema, S. A. Kernasovkiy, R. Schwarz, C. Tucker, Lorenzo Moncelsi, G. Halal, J. R. Cheshire, J. A. Grayson, Abigail G. Vieregg, S. R. Hildebrandt, Bryan Steinbach, S. Zhang, J. Willmert, Gene C. Hilton, Chao Zhang, Mandana Amiri, A. C. Weber, Toshiya Namikawa, Chao-Lin Kuo, J. Cornelison, S. Fatigoni, S. Palladino, T. Prouve, C. Pryke, Colin A. Bischoff, B. Racine, H. T. Nguyen, E. M. Leitch, E. V. Denison, A. Schillaci, J. E. Tolan, L. Duband, J. Connors, R. W. Ogburn, M. Eiben, C. L. Wong, Ahmed Soliman, Sarah M. Harrison, G. P. Teply, T. St. Germaine, Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), ILL, Service des Basses Températures (SBT ), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Département des Systèmes Basses Températures (DSBT ), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire des Cryoréfrigérateurs et Cryogénie Spatiale (LCCS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Zmuidzinas, Jonas, and Gao, Jian-Rong

Subjects
Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Telescope, Optics, law, Polarization, 0103 physical sciences, Cosmic Microwave Background, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Birefringence, business.industry, Gravitational wave, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Polarimeter, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polarization (waves), Cosmology, Refracting telescope, Calibration, Transition edge sensor, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

The BICEP3 CMB Polarimeter is a small-aperture refracting telescope located at the South Pole and is specifically designed to search for the possible signature of inflationary gravitational waves in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). The experiment measures polarization on the sky by differencing the signal of co-located, orthogonally polarized antennas coupled to Transition Edge Sensor (TES) detectors. We present precise measurements of the absolute polarization response angles and polarization efficiencies for nearly all of BICEP3s $\sim800$ functioning polarization-sensitive detector pairs from calibration data taken in January 2018. Using a Rotating Polarized Source (RPS), we mapped polarization response for each detector over a full 360 degrees of source rotation and at multiple telescope boresight rotations from which per-pair polarization properties were estimated. In future work, these results will be used to constrain signals predicted by exotic physical models such as Cosmic Birefringence., Comment: Proceedings submitted to SPIE 2020 (AS111). 12 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables

Published
2020

10. Analysis of Temperature-to-Polarization Leakage in BICEP3 and Keck CMB Data from 2016 to 2018

Author

Y. Nakato, S. Palladino, J. Kang, H. Boenish, A. D. Turner, E. Karpel, D. C. Goldfinger, K. L. Thompson, C. L. Wong, P. A. R. Ade, E. V. Denison, S. Kefeli, Bicep, Jeffrey P. Filippini, M. Crumrine, K. W. Yoon, J. Hubmayr, G. Hall, A. C. Weber, C. Umilta, A. Wandui, S. Fliescher, A. Cukierman, Victor Buza, Chao Zhang, J. A. Grayson, Lingzhen Zeng, E. Bullock, J. Willmert, Kei May Lau, Gene C. Hilton, Denis Barkats, John M Kovac, C. D. Sheehy, Kirit Karkare, Colin A. Bischoff, K. G. Megerian, Kent D. Irwin, L. Minutolo, P. Grimes, R. V. Sudiwala, C. Yu, W. L. K. Wu, N. Precup, T. Namikawa, Bryan Steinbach, Eui-Hyeok Yang, J. Cheshire, J. J. Bock, Roger O'Brient, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Mark Halpern, R. Schwarz, S. Henderson, Ahmed Soliman, Shengyu Zhang, Abigail G. Vieregg, B. L. Schmitt, C. D. Reintsema, Stefan Richter, Marion Dierickx, Z. Ahmed, S. A. Kernasovskiy, A. Schillaci, S. R. Hildebrandt, Edward D. Young, T. Prouve, C. Pryke, B. Racine, H. T. Nguyen, E. M. Leitch, C. L. Kuo, M. Amiri, D. V. Wiebe, J. E. Tolan, Jake Connors, R. W. Ogburn, Sarah M. Harrison, Grant Teply, L. Duband, T. St. Germaine, M. Eiben, R. Basu Thakur, Howard Hui, Neil Goeckner-Wald, C. Tucker, J. Cornelison, S. Fatigoni, Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), ILL, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and BICEP/Keck

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, cosmic background radiation: polarization, 02 engineering and technology, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Residual, 01 natural sciences, B-mode: primordial, 010309 optics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Cosmic Microwave Background, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], numerical calculations, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Leakage (electronics), media_common, Physics, Gravitational Waves, polarization, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, gravitational radiation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polarization (waves), BICEP, Inflation, cosmic background radiation: temperature, B-mode, Sky, Refracting telescope, Keck Array, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 0210 nano-technology, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Beam (structure), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The BICEP/Keck Array experiment is a series of small-aperture refracting telescopes observing degree-scale Cosmic Microwave Background polarization from the South Pole in search of a primordial $B$-mode signature. As a pair differencing experiment, an important systematic that must be controlled is the differential beam response between the co-located, orthogonally polarized detectors. We use high-fidelity, in-situ measurements of the beam response to estimate the temperature-to-polarization (T $\rightarrow$ P) leakage in our latest data including observations from 2016 through 2018. This includes three years of BICEP3 observing at 95 GHz, and multifrequency data from Keck Array. Here we present band-averaged far-field beam maps, differential beam mismatch, and residual beam power (after filtering out the leading difference modes via deprojection) for these receivers. We show preliminary results of "beam map simulations," which use these beam maps to observe a simulated temperature (no $Q/U$) sky to estimate T $\rightarrow$ P leakage in our real data., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures

Published
2020

11. Antenna-coupled thermal kinetic inductance detectors for ground-based millimeter-wave cosmology

Author

A. Wandui, Jonas Zmuidzinas, L. Minutolo, Hien Nguyen, James J. Bock, Clifford Frez, Jon Hunacek, Anthony D. Turner, Roger O'Brient, Bryan Steinbach, Zmuidzinas, Jonas, and Gao, Jian-Rong

Subjects
Physics, Frequency band, business.industry, Cosmic microwave background, Detector, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, law.invention, Cardinal point, Optics, law, Extremely high frequency, Antenna (radio), business, Noise (radio)
Abstract

We present our design for antenna-coupled thermal kinetic inductance detectors (TKIDs) designed for Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) observations in the 150 GHz band. The next generation of telescopes studying the CMB will require large arrays of detectors on cryogenic focal planes to achieve high sensitivity at the cost of increased integration and readout complexity. TKIDs have demonstrated photon-limited noise performance comparable to traditional bolometers with a radiofrequency (RF) multiplexing architecture that enables the large detector counts needed. We characterize TKIDs fabricated for observing the CMB in a frequency band centered at 150 GHz and discuss the optical performance. These devices are a critical step towards fielding a Keck Array camera with 512 devices on the focal plane at the South Pole.

Published
2020

12. Microwave multiplexing on the Keck Array

Author

Howard Hui, J. Willmert, Gene C. Hilton, John E. Dusatko, S. Fatigoni, K. G. Megerian, Joel N. Ullom, L. Duband, Carole Tucker, D. V. Wiebe, Ari Cukierman, Gunther Haller, Shawn W. Henderson, Tyler St. Germaine, Stephen E. Kuenstner, Jeffrey P. Filippini, S. R. Hildebrandt, S. A. Kernasovskiy, David Brown, M. Crumrine, K. W. Yoon, Leila R. Vale, Jake Connors, G. Hall, Bradley Dober, Saptarshi Chaudhuri, Toshiya Namikawa, H. Yang, Chao-Lin Kuo, Josef Frisch, A. D. Turner, E. Karpel, J. Cornelison, C. Umilta, Ahmed Soliman, Zeeshan Ahmed, K. L. Thompson, Johannes Hubmayr, Mark Halpern, E. Y. Young, Bryan Steinbach, J. Cheshire, E. Bullock, John A. B. Mates, C. Pryke, Sarah M. Harrison, Attila Kovács, Roger O'Brient, M. Amiri, J. Kang, Jesus Vasquez, Lingzhen Zeng, R. Basu Thakur, Victor Buza, B. Racine, John M. D'Ewart, Denis Barkats, H. T. Nguyen, S. Palladino, A. C. Weber, C. D. Reintsema, Marion Dierickx, Stefan Richter, Chao Zhang, A. Schillaci, J. J. Bock, R. Schwarz, Stephen J. Smith, H. Boenish, S. Kefeli, Dale Li, John M Kovac, Kirit Karkare, Kent D. Irwin, A. Wandui, Colin A. Bischoff, Daniel D. Van Winkle, R. V. Sudiwala, W. L. K. Wu, C. D. Sheehy, C. Yu, Peter A. R. Ade, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Abigail G. Vieregg, Kei May Lau, Service des Basses Températures (SBT ), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
SMuRF, Coaxial cable, Cosmic microwave background, Polarimetry, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, CMB, 01 natural sciences, Multiplexing, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, Tone tracking, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Electronics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, BICEP, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Cardinal point, Microwave multiplexing, Keck Array, Radio frequency, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Microwave
Abstract

We describe an on-sky demonstration of a microwave-multiplexing readout system in one of the receivers of the Keck Array, a polarimetry experiment observing the cosmic microwave background at the South Pole. During the austral summer of 2018-2019, we replaced the time-division multiplexing readout system with microwave-multiplexing components including superconducting microwave resonators coupled to radio-frequency superconducting quantum interference devices at the sub-Kelvin focal plane, coaxial-cable plumbing and amplification between room temperature and the cold stages, and a SLAC Microresonator Radio Frequency system for the warm electronics. In the range 5-6 GHz, a single coaxial cable reads out 528 channels. The readout system is coupled to transition-edge sensors, which are in turn coupled to 150-GHz slot-dipole phased-array antennas. Observations began in April 2019, and we report here on an initial characterization of the system performance., 9 pages, 11 figures, Accepted by the Journal of Low Temperature Physics (Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors)

Published
2020

13. Design and Performance of the First BICEP Array Receiver

Author

Jake Connors, E. Karpel, A. Cukierman, B. Racine, Howard Hui, Rashmikant V. Sudiwala, Gene C. Hilton, John M Kovac, Kirit Karkare, Sarah M. Harrison, Eui-Hyeok Yang, Chao Zhang, Mandana Amiri, G. Hall, Che-Hang Yu, S. Fatigoni, K. G. Megerian, Kent D. Irwin, King Tong Lau, Toshiya Namikawa, S. Henderson, J. Cornelison, C. D. Sheehy, Chao-Lin Kuo, Bryan Steinbach, James J. Bock, C. Umiltà, Jeffrey P. Filippini, J. Willmert, J. Cheshire, Zeeshan Ahmed, Donald V. Wiebe, C. Pryke, W. L. K. Wu, Peter A. R. Ade, T. Prouvé, A. Wandui, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Marion Dierickx, Mark Halpern, Victor Buza, Abigail G. Vieregg, A. C. Weber, Ki Won Yoon, S. Richter, Edward D. Young, Ahmed Soliman, H. T. Nguyen, Carole Tucker, T. St. Germaine, N. Precup, Anthony D. Turner, Benjamin L. Schmitt, Roger O'Brient, Alessandro Schillaci, R. Basu Thakur, Keith L. Thompson, Lionel Duband, Sergi R. Hildebrandt, Colin A. Bischoff, M. Crumrine, Denis Barkats, S. Palladino, Carl D. Reintsema, J. Kang, R. Schwarz, H. Boenish, S. Kefeli, and E. Bullock

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common, Physics, Inflation (cosmology), COSMIC cancer database, Gravitational wave, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Amplitude, Sky, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Microwave, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Branches of cosmic inflationary models, such as slow-roll inflation, predict a background of primordial gravitational waves that imprints a unique odd-parity B-mode pattern in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) at amplitudes that are within experimental reach. The BICEP/Keck (BK) experiment targets this primordial signature, the amplitude of which is parameterized by the tensor-to-scalar ratio r, by observing the polarized microwave sky through the exceptionally clean and stable atmosphere at the South Pole. B-mode measurements require an instrument with exquisite sensitivity, tight control of systematics, and wide frequency coverage to disentangle the primordial signal from the Galactic foregrounds. BICEP Array represents the most recent stage of the BK program, and comprises four BICEP3-class receivers observing at 30/40, 95, 150 and 220/270 GHz. The 30/40 GHz receiver will be deployed at the South Pole during the 2019/2020 austral summer. After 3 full years of observations with 30,000+ detectors, BICEP Array will measure primordial gravitational waves to a precision $\sigma(r)$ between 0.002 and 0.004, depending on foreground complexity and the degree of lensing removal. In this paper we give an overview of the instrument, highlighting the design features in terms of cryogenics, magnetic shielding, detectors and readout architecture as well as reporting on the integration and tests that are ongoing with the first receiver at 30/40 GHz., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, presented at LTD18 in Milan (July 2019), accepted on JLTP (February 2020)

Published
2020

14. Characterizing the Sensitivity of 40 GHz TES Bolometers for BICEP Array

Author

A. C. Weber, John M Kovac, Kirit Karkare, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Abigail G. Vieregg, Denis Barkats, Kent D. Irwin, J. Kang, J. Cornelison, Marion Dierickx, Mark Halpern, Colin A. Bischoff, S. Fatigoni, B. Racine, Ki Won Yoon, R. Schwarz, K. G. Megerian, N. Precup, Howard Hui, T. Prouvé, A. Wandui, H. Boenish, Lionel Duband, Rashmikant V. Sudiwala, P. A. R. Ade, Zeeshan Ahmed, E. Young, Bryan Steinbach, H. T. Nguyen, Jeffrey P. Filippini, W. L. K. Wu, S. Kefeli, Chao Zhang, Mandana Amiri, J. Cheshire, Carole Tucker, S. Palladino, Carl D. Reintsema, King Tong Lau, Toshiya Namikawa, Roger O'Brient, C. D. Sheehy, Chao-Lin Kuo, Anthony D. Turner, Keith L. Thompson, James J. Bock, Benjamin L. Schmitt, Jake Connors, Sergi R. Hildebrandt, C. Pryke, E. Bullock, M. Crumrine, A. Cukierman, Eui-Hyeok Yang, J. Willmert, Donald V. Wiebe, S. Richter, Victor Buza, T. St. Germaine, R. Basu Thakur, Sarah M. Harrison, Che-Hang Yu, G. Hall, S. Henderson, Ahmed Soliman, C. Umiltà, Gene C. Hilton, E. Karpel, and Alessandro Schillaci

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Spectral line, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Gravitational wave, Detector, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Spectral bands, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Gravitational lens, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The BICEP/Keck (BK) experiment aims to detect the imprint of primordial gravitational waves in the Cosmic Microwave Background polarization, which would be direct evidence of the inflation theory. While the tensor-to-scalar ratio has been constrained to be r_0.05 < 0.06 at 95% c.l., further improvements on this upper limit are hindered by polarized Galactic foreground emissions and removal of gravitational lensing polarization. The 30/40 GHz receiver of the BICEP Array (BA) will deploy at the end of 2019 and will constrain the synchrotron foreground with unprecedented accuracy within the BK sky patch. We will show the design of the 30/40 GHz detectors and test results summarizing its performance. The low optical and atmospheric loading at these frequencies requires our TES detectors to have low saturation power in order to be photon-noise dominated. To realize the low thermal conductivity required from a 250 mK base temperature, we developed new bolometer leg designs. We will present the relevant measured detector parameters: G, Tc, Rn, Psat , and spectral bands, and noise spectra. We achieved a per bolometer NEP including all noise components of 2.07E-17 W/sqrt(Hz), including an anticipated photon noise level 1.54E-17 W/sqrt(Hz)., Accepted for publication in Journal of Low Temperature Physics

Published
2020

15. Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors for millimeter-wave detection

Author

A. Wandui, Jonas Zmuidzinas, Bryan Steinbach, A. D. Turner, Matthew I. Hollister, Jamie Bock, Roger O'Brient, L. Minutolo, Clifford Frez, and Hien Nguyen

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Background noise, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Noise-equivalent power, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010302 applied physics, Physics, business.industry, Amplifier, Bolometer, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Resistor, 0210 nano-technology, Phonon noise, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Noise (radio)
Abstract

Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors (TKIDs) combine the excellent noise performance of traditional bolometers with a radio frequency multiplexing architecture that enables the large detector counts needed for the next generation of millimeter-wave instruments. In this paper, we first discuss the expected noise sources in TKIDs and derive the limits where the phonon noise contribution dominates over the other detector noise terms: generation-recombination, amplifier, and two-level system (TLS) noise. Second, we characterize aluminum TKIDs in a dark environment. We present measurements of TKID resonators with quality factors of about $10^5$ at 80 mK. We also discuss the bolometer thermal conductance, heat capacity, and time constants. These were measured by the use of a resistor on the thermal island to excite the bolometers. These dark aluminum TKIDs demonstrate a noise equivalent power NEP = $2 \times 10^{-17} \mathrm{W}/\mathrm{\sqrt{Hz}} $, with a $1/f$ knee at 0.1 Hz, which provides background noise limited performance for ground-based telescopes observing at 150 GHz., 15 pages, 12 figures

Published
2020

16. Optical Design and Characterization of 40-GHz Detector and Module for the BICEP Array

Author

Ahmed Soliman, A. Cukierman, M. Amiri, Z. Ahmed, Victor Buza, N. Precup, B. Racine, S. R. Hildebrandt, Chao Zhang, H. T. Nguyen, John M Kovac, H. Boenish, Jake Connors, Kirit Karkare, D. V. Wiebe, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Mark Halpern, Kent D. Irwin, Jeffrey P. Filippini, S. Palladino, J. J. Bock, Abigail G. Vieregg, S. Kefeli, Kei May Lau, L. Duband, R. Schwarz, Sarah M. Harrison, M. Crumrine, K. W. Yoon, G. Hall, P. A. R. Ade, C. Umilta, T. Prouve, C. Pryke, J. Willmert, E. Bullock, B. L. Schmitt, Gene C. Hilton, Eui-Hyeok Yang, Colin A. Bischoff, Edward D. Young, C. D. Reintsema, C. L. Kuo, C. D. Sheehy, Stefan Richter, Denis Barkats, K. G. Megerian, A. D. Turner, E. Karpel, C. Yu, A. C. Weber, R. V. Sudiwala, J. Kang, T. St. Germaine, W. L. K. Wu, R. Basu Thakur, K. L. Thompson, T. Namikawa, Bryan Steinbach, J. Cheshire, Marion Dierickx, A. Schillaci, Roger O'Brient, S. Henderson, J. Cornelison, Howard Hui, C. Tucker, S. Fatigoni, A. Wandui, Namikawa, Toshiya [0000-0003-3070-9240], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
BICEP array, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, CMB, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Optics, Frequency coverage, Polarization, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Anisotropy, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Detectors, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Inflation, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Cosmology, Amplitude, Cardinal point, Antennas, Transition edge sensor, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business
Abstract

Families of cosmic inflation models predict a primordial gravitational-wave background that imprints B-mode polarization pattern in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). High sensitivity instruments with wide frequency coverage and well-controlled systematic errors are needed to constrain the faint B-mode amplitude. We have developed antenna-coupled Transition Edge Sensor (TES) arrays for high-sensitivity polarized CMB observations over a wide range of millimeter-wave bands. BICEP Array, the latest phase of the BICEP/Keck experiment series, is a multi-receiver experiment designed to search for inflationary B-mode polarization to a precision $\sigma$(r) between 0.002 and 0.004 after 3 full years of observations, depending on foreground complexity and the degree of lensing removal. We describe the electromagnetic design and measured performance of BICEP Array low-frequency 40-GHz detector, their packaging in focal plane modules, and optical characterization including efficiency and beam matching between polarization pairs. We summarize the design and simulated optical performance, including an approach to improve the optical efficiency due to mismatch losses. We report the measured beam maps for a new broad-band corrugation design to minimize beam differential ellipticity between polarization pairs caused by interactions with the module housing frame, which helps minimize polarized beam mismatch that converts CMB temperature to polarization ($T \rightarrow P$) anisotropy in CMB maps., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, Accepted by the Journal of Low Temperature Physics (Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors)

Published
2020
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17. A Demonstration of Improved Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves with Delensing

Author

Roger O'Brient, John M Kovac, Kirit Karkare, T. Natoli, Kent D. Irwin, A. E. Lowitz, N. Huang, Y. Omori, Victor Buza, Robert I. Citron, S. A. Kernasovskiy, W. L. Holzapfel, Ahmed Soliman, Jeff McMahon, C. Corbett Moran, P. A. R. Ade, Lingzhen Zeng, S. Henderson, W. B. Everett, J. D. Hrubes, Jessica Avva, C. Yu, Calvin B. Netterfield, Lorenzo Moncelsi, J. R. Cheshire, Jason W. Henning, J. A. Grayson, S. Patil, K. K. Schaffer, Elizabeth George, Abigail G. Vieregg, Denis Barkats, V. G. Yefremenko, Jason E. Austermann, N. W. Halverson, A. Cukierman, H. Boenish, B. L. Schmitt, Marion Dierickx, M. Crumrine, K. W. Yoon, Joaquin Vieira, E. Young, G. Hall, Stefan Richter, C. Sievers, Toshiya Namikawa, Graeme Smecher, C. Umilta, D. V. Wiebe, S. Fliescher, T.-L. Chou, H. C. Chiang, Johannes Hubmayr, H. Yang, C. D. Sheehy, Chao-Lin Kuo, Mark Halpern, Christian L. Reichardt, Marius Millea, Joshua Montgomery, S. Kefeli, J. Cornelison, J. J. Bock, Bryan Steinbach, Howard Hui, Gensheng Wang, Andreas Bender, Neil Goeckner-Wald, J. E. Ruhl, Dale Li, C. Tucker, K. G. Megerian, T. M. Crawford, M. A. Dobbs, Mandana Amiri, V. Novosad, R. Schwarz, S. Fatigoni, S. R. Hildebrandt, S. Padin, John E. Carlstrom, E. Bullock, Chao Zhang, T. de Haan, D. C. Goldfinger, John P. Nibarger, Andrew Nadolski, J. Willmert, Carl D. Reintsema, Gene C. Hilton, N. Whitehorn, B. Racine, H. T. Nguyen, A. A. Stark, E. M. Leitch, Alessandro Schillaci, A. D. Turner, E. Karpel, T. Veach, R. Basu Thakur, K. L. Thompson, T. Prouve, A. T. Crites, C. Pryke, C. L. Wong, C. L. Chang, J. Kang, Adam Anderson, Grant Teply, Benjamin Saliwanchik, A. Wandui, Gilbert Holder, A. Manzotti, A. C. Weber, G. I. Noble, Federico Bianchini, Nikhel Gupta, Jeffrey P. Filippini, R. V. Sudiwala, Adrian T. Lee, Bradford Benson, Lloyd Knox, W. L. K. Wu, Colin A. Bischoff, S. S. Meyer, Jason Gallicchio, T. St. Germaine, S. Palladino, L. Duband, J. E. Tolan, Zeeshan Ahmed, L. M. Mocanu, Jake Connors, Kei May Lau, Sarah M. Harrison, Lindsey Bleem, R. W. Ogburn, J. A. Beall, Département des Systèmes Basses Températures (DSBT ), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SPTpol, BICEP/Keck, BICEP, and Keck

Subjects
data analysis method, satellite: Planck, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Cosmic microwave background, Cosmic background radiation, cosmic background radiation: polarization, FOS: Physical sciences, cosmic background radiation, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, cosmic rays, gravitation: lens, statistical analysis, Cosmic infrared background, 0103 physical sciences, Experiments in gravity, Sample variance, Planck, numerical calculations, 010306 general physics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, polarization, background, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, gravitational radiation: primordial, BICEP, South Pole Telescope, Gravitational lens, B-mode, infrared, symbols, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], cosmology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a constraint on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, derived from measurements of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization $B$-modes with "delensing," whereby the uncertainty on $r$ contributed by the sample variance of the gravitational lensing $B$-modes is reduced by cross-correlating against a lensing $B$-mode template. This template is constructed by combining an estimate of the polarized CMB with a tracer of the projected large-scale structure. The large-scale-structure tracer used is a map of the cosmic infrared background derived from Planck satellite data, while the polarized CMB map comes from a combination of South Pole Telescope, BICEP/Keck, and Planck data. We expand the BICEP/Keck likelihood analysis framework to accept a lensing template and apply it to the BICEP/Keck data set collected through 2014 using the same parametric foreground modelling as in the previous analysis. From simulations, we find that the uncertainty on $r$ is reduced by $\sim10\%$, from $��(r)$= 0.024 to 0.022, which can be compared with a $\sim26\%$ reduction obtained when using a perfect lensing template. Applying the technique to the real data, the constraint on $r$ is improved from $r_{0.05} < 0.090$ to $r_{0.05} < 0.082$ (95\% C.L.). This is the first demonstration of improvement in an $r$ constraint through delensing., 23 pages, 11 figures; match published version

Published
2020
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18. Hafnium Films and Magnetic Shielding for TIME, A mm-Wavelength Spectrometer Array

Author

Jonathon Hunacek, A. C. Weber, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Isaac Trumper, Yun-Ting Cheng, Guochao Sun, Charles M. Bradford, Asantha Cooray, Dae Wook Kim, V. Butler, M. Zemcov, J. J. Bock, Tzu-Ching Chang, Bryan Steinbach, Erik Shirokoff, Clifford Frez, S. Hailey-Dunsheath, Benjamin L. Hoscheit, B. Uzgil, Chao-Te Li, Daniel P. Marrone, A. T. Crites, and A. D. Turner

Subjects
Materials science, Spectrometer, business.industry, Bolometer, chemistry.chemical_element, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Hafnium, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Wavelength, chemistry, Silicon nitride, law, 0103 physical sciences, Electromagnetic shielding, Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, Emission spectrum, 010306 general physics, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Reionization
Abstract

TIME is a mm-wavelength grating spectrometer array that will map fluctuations of the 157.7-μm emission line of singly ionized carbon ([CII]) during the epoch of reionization (redshift z ∼5–9). Sixty transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers populate the output arc of each of the 32 spectrometers, for a total of 1920 detectors. Each bolometer consists of gold absorber on a ∼ 3 × 3 mm silicon nitride micro-mesh suspended near the corners by 1 × 1 × 500 μm silicon nitride legs targeting a photon-noise-dominated NEP ∼1×10^(-17)W/√Hz. Hafnium films are explored as a lower-T_c alternative to Ti (500 mK) for TIME TESs, allowing thicker support legs for improved yield. Hf T_c is shown to vary between 250 and 450 mK when varying the resident Ar pressure during deposition. Magnetic shielding designs and simulations are presented for the TIME first-stage SQUIDs. Total axial field suppression is predicted to be 5×10^7.

Published
2018

19. A flexible GPU-accelerated radio-frequency readout for superconducting detectors

Author

A. Wandui, Bryan Steinbach, Roger O'Brient, and L. Minutolo

Subjects
Signal processing, business.industry, Computer science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Digital-to-analog converter, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Analog-to-digital converter, Software-defined radio, Condensed Matter Physics, Chip, 01 natural sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, CUDA, Data acquisition, law, 0103 physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Computer hardware
Abstract

We have developed a flexible radio-frequency readout system suitable for a variety of superconducting detectors commonly used in millimeter and submillimeter astrophysics, including Kinetic Inductance detectors (KIDs), Thermal KID bolometers (TKIDs), and Quantum Capacitance Detectors (QCDs). Our system avoids custom FPGA-based readouts and instead uses commercially available software radio hardware for ADC/DAC and a GPU to handle real time signal processing. Because this system is written in common C++/CUDA, the range of different algorithms that can be quickly implemented make it suitable for the readout of many others cryogenic detectors and for the testing of different and possibly more effective data acquisition schemes., Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Superconductivity. 5 pages, 6 figures

Published
2018

20. Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves Using Planck , WMAP, and New BICEP2/ Keck Observations through the 2015 Season

Author

Peter A. R. Ade, Lorenzo Moncelsi, N. A. Larsen, Abigail G. Vieregg, S. Kefeli, J. A. Grayson, Justus A. Brevik, Randol W. Aikin, King Tong Lau, Toshiya Namikawa, John M Kovac, Z. K. Staniszewski, Stefan Richter, Kirit Karkare, S. Palladino, K. G. Megerian, C. D. Sheehy, Chao-Lin Kuo, Denis Barkats, A. Wandui, J. J. Bock, Kent D. Irwin, Victor Buza, A. D. Turner, E. Karpel, L. Duband, R. Bowens-Rubin, M. Lueker, J. Cornelison, J. Kang, Cora Dvorkin, K. L. Thompson, Colin A. Bischoff, Howard Hui, Calvin B. Netterfield, J. P. Kaufman, J. E. Tolan, C. Tucker, R. Schwarz, Alessandro Schillaci, Marion Dierickx, T. St. Germaine, D. V. Wiebe, M. Crumrine, A. C. Weber, R. V. Sudiwala, Jake Connors, G. Hall, Brian Keating, J. Willmert, W. L. K. Wu, S. Fliescher, Ahmed Soliman, C. Umilta, Ki Won Yoon, Kate D. Alexander, Gene C. Hilton, Jeffrey P. Filippini, Steven J. Benton, R. W. Ogburn, B. P. Crill, Chao Zhang, C. Pryke, Grant Teply, Hyunsoo Yang, B. Racine, C. L. Wong, Sarah M. Harrison, H. T. Nguyen, E. M. Leitch, I. Buder, Bryan Steinbach, E. Bullock, Roger O'Brient, Mark Halpern, Z. Ahmed, S. A. Kernasovskiy, and S. R. Hildebrandt

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Physics and Astronomy, Planck temperature, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, CMB cold spot, Spectral line, symbols.namesake, 13. Climate action, Sky, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Planck, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common
Abstract

We present results from an analysis of all data taken by the bicep2/Keck CMB polarization experiments up to and including the 2015 observing season. This includes the first Keck Array observations at 220 GHz and additional observations at 95 and 150 GHz. The Q and U maps reach depths of 5.2, 2.9, and 26 μKCMB arcmin at 95, 150, and 220 GHz, respectively, over an effective area of ≈400 square degrees. The 220 GHz maps achieve a signal to noise on polarized dust emission approximately equal to that of Planck at 353 GHz. We take auto and cross spectra between these maps and publicly available WMAP and Planck maps at frequencies from 23 to 353 GHz. We evaluate the joint likelihood of the spectra versus a multicomponent model of lensed-ΛCDM+r+dust+synchrotron+noise. The foreground model has seven parameters, and we impose priors on some of these using external information from Planck and WMAP derived from larger regions of sky. The model is shown to be an adequate description of the data at the current noise levels. The likelihood analysis yields the constraint r0.05

Published
2018

21. Design and performance of wide-band corrugated walls for the BICEP Array detector modules at 30/40 GHz

Author

Jakob Vanzyl, Caterina Umiltà, Anthony D. Turner, Carole Tucker, James E. Tolan, Keith L. Thompson, Grant P. Teply, Rashmi Sudiwala, Bryan Steinbach, Zachary K. Staniszewski, Tyler St Germaine, Chris D. Sheehy, Grantland Hall, Lionel Duband, Marion Dierickx, Michael Crumrine, Brendan Crill, James Cornelison, Jake Connors, Victor Buza, Immanuel Buder, Justus A. Brevik, Rachel Bowens-Rubin, Denis Barkats, Kate D. Alexander, Randol Aikin, Zeeshan Ahmed, P. A. R. Ade, Cheng Zhang, Ki Won Yoon, Hung-I. Yang, Wai Ling K. Wu, Chin Lin Wong, Justin Willmert, Don Wiebe, Alexis C. Weber, Albert Wandui, Abigail G. Vieregg, Robert Schwarz, Alessandro Schillaci, Steffen Richter, Benjamin Racine, Clement Pryke, Stephen Palladino, R. Walt Ogburn IV, Roger O'brient, H. T. Nguyen, C. B. Netterfield, Toshiya Namikawa, Lorenzo Moncelsi, K(oko). G. Megerian, Martin Lueker, Erik M. Leitch, King Lau, Nicole Larson, Chao-Lin Kuo, J. M. Kovac, Sarah A. Kernasovskiy, Sinan Kefeli, Brian G. Keating, Jonathan Kaufman, Ethan Karpel, Kirit S. Karkare, Jae Hwan Kang, Kent D. Irwin, Howard Hui, Gene C. Hilton, Sergi Hildebrandt, Sam A. Harrison, Mark Halpern, James A. Grayson, Stefan Fliescher, Jeff P. Filippini, Cora Dvorkin, Eric Bullock, James J. Bock, Colin A. Bischoff, Steve J. Benton, Ahmed Soliman, Zmuidzinas, Jonas, and Gao, Jian-Rong

Subjects
Physics, Pixel, business.industry, Cosmic microwave background, Bandwidth (signal processing), Detector, Beam steering, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Beam (structure), Leakage (electronics)
Abstract

BICEP Array is a degree-scale Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiment that will search for primordial B-mode polarization while constraining Galactic foregrounds. BICEP Array will be comprised of four receivers to cover a broad frequency range with channels at 30/40, 95, 150 and 220/270 GHz. The first low-frequency receiver will map synchrotron emission at 30 and 40 GHz and will deploy to the South Pole at the end of 2019. In this paper, we give an overview of the BICEP Array science and instrument, with a focus on the detector module. We designed corrugations in the metal frame of the module to suppress unwanted interactions with the antenna-coupled detectors that would otherwise deform the beams of edge pixels. This design reduces the residual beam systematics and temperature-to-polarization leakage due to beam steering and shape mismatch between polarized beam pairs. We report on the simulated performance of single- and wide-band corrugations designed to minimize these effects. Our optimized design alleviates beam differential ellipticity caused by the metal frame to about 7% over 57% bandwidth (25 to 45 GHz), which is close to the level due the bare antenna itself without a metal frame. Initial laboratory measurements are also presented., 12 pages and 14 figures

Published
2018

22. Thermal kinetic inductance detectors for CMB and sub millimeter observations (Conference Presentation)

Author

A. Wandui, James J. Bock, Anthony D. Turner, Hien Nguyen, Roger O'Brient, and Bryan Steinbach

Subjects
Physics, Resistive touchscreen, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Polarimetry, Noise (electronics), Kinetic inductance, law.invention, Capacitor, Optics, law, business, Microwave
Abstract

We are developing Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detector (TKID) bolometers for submillimter astronomy and CMB polarimetry with the BICEP Array's 250GHz dust monitor camera as an early application. We couple power to our bolometers by resistive terminations to antenna-fed microstrip circuits and sense changes in temperature with a membrane isolated microwave kinetic inductance thermometer (MKIT). The MKIT resonates with an off-island capacitor and capacitively couples to a microstrip transmission line to provide radio-frequency multiplexing analogous to that of traditional non-phonon-mediated KIDs. By splitting the absorption, sensing, and relaxation of quasiparticles back to the thermal bath into different sub-devices, we attain more design degrees of freedom than KIDs and can tailor the detector’s performance. We will report on the design and performance of our optically coupled TKIDs and comment on the sensitivity, emphasizing TLS and vibrational noise mechanisms. We will also show preliminary results from studies of the detectors optical properties as defined by the antenna-array the coupled power to the detector. Lastly, we will describe designs for a 900 detector pathfinder camera that will precede the full 20,000 BICEP Array camera.

Published
2018

23. Ultra-thin large-aperture vacuum windows for millimeter wavelengths receivers

Author

R. W. Ogburn, E. Bullock, Mark Halpern, B. Racine, Grant Teply, M. Lueker, K. Lau, J. Willmert, S. J. Benton, G. Hall, H. T. Nguyen, I. Buder, Peter A. R. Ade, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Bryan Steinbach, J. Kang, R. Bowens-Rubin, Hong Yang, Abigail G. Vieregg, Randol W. Aikin, M. Crumrine, J. Connors, K. L. Thompson, B. G. Keating, Howard Hui, J. P. Kaufman, K. G. Megerian, C. L. Kuo, S. A. Harrison, S. Palladino, Marion Dierickx, Justus A. Brevik, Carole Tucker, S. Fliescher, Chris Pentacoff, N. A. Larsen, Zeeshan Ahmed, S. A. Kernasovskiy, S. R. Hildebrandt, Victor Buza, A. Wandui, J. E. Tolan, Denis Barkats, C. L. Wong, Kate D. Alexander, Roger O'Brient, E. Karpel, C. Pryke, Jeffrey P. Filippini, J. J. Bock, R. V. Sudiwala, S. Kefeli, W. L. K. Wu, C. D. Sheehy, K. W. Yoon, D. V. Wiebe, Cora Dvorkin, R. Schwarz, E. M. Leitch, J. Cornelison, C. Umiltà, A. C. Weber, John M Kovac, G. C. Hilton, Kirit Karkare, Kent D. Irwin, S. Richter, Colin A. Bischoff, B. P. Crill, Alessandro Schillaci, T. St. Germaine, Ahmed Soliman, J. A. Grayson, C. Zhang, A. D. Turner, L. Duband, T. Namikawa, Z. K. Staniszewski, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Zmuidzinas, Jonas, and Gao, Jian-Rong

Subjects
Cryostat, Materials science, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Transmission loss, polymer, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, cosmic background radiation: polarization, fabrication, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, microwaves, 010309 optics, Optics, Vacuum Windows, Polarization, 0103 physical sciences, Cosmic Microwave Background, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), attenuation, Primordial Gravitational Waves, business.industry, Attenuation, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, gravitational radiation: primordial, Polymer Materials, Polarization (waves), sensitivity, BICEP, vacuum system, Wavelength, Millimeter Wavelengths, cryogenics, Keck Array, Millimeter, atmosphere: pressure, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Microwave, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Targeting faint polarization patterns arising from Primordial Gravitational Waves in the Cosmic Microwave Background requires excellent observational sensitivity. Optical elements in small aperture experiments such as Bicep3 and Keck Array are designed to optimize throughput and minimize losses from transmission, reflection and scattering at millimeter wavelengths. As aperture size increases, cryostat vacuum windows must withstand larger forces from atmospheric pressure and the solution has often led to a thicker window at the expense of larger transmission loss. We have identified a new candidate material for the fabrication of vacuum windows: with a tensile strength two orders of magnitude larger than previously used materials, woven high-modulus polyethylene could allow for dramatically thinner windows, and therefore significantly reduced losses and higher sensitivity. In these proceedings we investigate the suitability of high-modulus polyethylene windows for ground-based CMB experiments, such as current and future receivers in the Bicep/Keck Array program. This includes characterizing their optical transmission as well as their mechanical behavior under atmospheric pressure. We find that such ultra-thin materials are promising candidates to improve the performance of large-aperture instruments at millimeter wavelengths, and outline a plan for further tests ahead of a possible upcoming field deployment of such a science-grade window., Comment: Published in Proc. SPIE. Presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation Conference 10708: Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy XI, June 2018. 14 pages, 7 figures

Published
2018

24. BICEP Array: a multi-frequency degree-scale CMB polarimeter

Author

Marion Dierickx, E. M. Leitch, John M Kovac, Kirit Karkare, Cora Dvorkin, R. Schwarz, Roger O'Brient, G. P. Teply, Kent D. Irwin, C. L. Kuo, Alessandro Schillaci, S. A. Kernasovskiy, E. Bullock, J. Willmert, Sarah M. Harrison, M. Lueker, Howard Hui, Ki Won Yoon, C. L. Wong, A. Wandui, B. P. Crill, Bryan Steinbach, Peter A. R. Ade, Lorenzo Moncelsi, I. Buder, B. Racine, Victor Buza, Abigail G. Vieregg, R. Bowens-Rubin, S. Palladino, T. St. Germaine, Donald V. Wiebe, James J. Bock, K. G. Megerian, S. Fliescher, Randol W. Aikin, H. T. Nguyen, A. C. Weber, C. Umiltà, Z. K. Staniszewski, Brian Keating, S. J. Benton, W. L. K. Wu, T. Namikawa, Eui-Hyeok Yang, M. Crumrine, S. Richter, A. D. Turner, L. Duband, Mark Halpern, Kam Y. Lau, K. L. Thompson, C. D. Sheehy, Colin A. Bischoff, Kate D. Alexander, C. Pryke, J. A. Grayson, Justus A. Brevik, Carole Tucker, J. Cornelison, Gene C. Hilton, N. A. Larsen, Zeeshan Ahmed, S. R. Hildebrandt, Denis Barkats, J. E. Tolan, Jake Connors, R. W. Ogburn, Rashmikant V. Sudiwala, J. P. Kaufman, Jeffrey P. Filippini, Ahmed Soliman, J. Kang, G. Hall, E. Karpel, S. Kefeli, C. Zhang, Calvin B. Netterfield, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Zmuidzinas, Jonas, and Gao, Jian-Rong

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), engineering, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, cosmic background radiation: polarization, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, shielding: design, Optics, Polarization, 0103 physical sciences, Cosmic Microwave Background, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, activity report, detector: design, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, shielding: magnetic, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Polarimeter, Polarization (waves), BICEP, optics, Cardinal point, South Pole Telescope, Electromagnetic shielding, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

BICEP Array is the newest multi-frequency instrument in the BICEP/Keck Array program. It is comprised of four 550 mm aperture refractive telescopes observing the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at 30/40, 95, 150 and 220/270 GHz with over 30,000 detectors. We present an overview of the receiver, detailing the optics, thermal, mechanical, and magnetic shielding design. BICEP Array follows BICEP3's modular focal plane concept, and upgrades to 6" wafer to reduce fabrication with higher detector count per module. The first receiver at 30/40 GHz is expected to start observing at the South Pole during the 2019-20 season. By the end of the planned BICEP Array program, we project $\sigma(r) \sim 0.003$, assuming current modeling of polarized Galactic foreground and depending on the level of delensing that can be achieved with higher resolution maps from the South Pole Telescope., Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures

Published
2018

25. 2017 upgrade and performance of BICEP3: a 95GHz refracting telescope for degree-scale CMB polarization

Author

Jae Hwan Kang, Cheng Zhang, Ki Won Yoon, Hung-I Yang, Wai Ling K. Wu, Chin Lin Wong, Justin Willmert, Don Wiebe, Alexis C. Weber, Albert Wandui, Abigail G. Vieregg, Caterina Umiltà, Anthony D. Turner, Carole Tucker, James E. Tolan, Keith L. Thompson, Grant P. Teply, Rashmi Sudiwala, Bryan Steinbach, Zachary K. Staniszewski, Tyler St Germaine, Ahmed Soliman, Chris D. Sheehy, Robert Schwarz, Alessandro Schillaci, Steffen Richter, Benjamin Racine, Clement Pryke, Stephen Palladino, R. W. Ogburn IV, Roger O'brient, Hien T. Nguyen, C. B. Netterfield, Toshiya Namikawa, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Koko G. Megerian, Martin Lueker, Erik M. Leitch, King Lau, Nicole Larsen, Chao-Lin Kuo, John M. Kovac, Sarah A. Kernasovskiy, Sinan Kefeli, Brian G. Keating, Jonathan Kaufman, Ethan Karpel, Kirit S. Karkare, Kent D. Irwin, Howard Hui, Gene C. Hilton, Sergi Hildebrandt, Sam A. Harrison, Mark Halpern, Grantland Hall, James A. Grayson, Stefan Fliescher, Jeff P. Filippini, Cora Dvorkin, Lionel Duband, Marion Dierickx, Michael Crumrine, Brendan Crill, James Cornelison, Jake Conners, Victor Buza, Eric Bullock, Immanuel Buder, Justus A. Brevik, Rachel Bowens-Rubin, Hans Boenish, James J. Bock, Colin A. Bischoff, Steve J. Benton, Denis Barkats, Kate D. Alexander, Randol Aikin, Zeeshan Ahmed, Peter A. Ade, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Zmuidzinas, Jonas, and Gao, Jian-Rong

Subjects
noise, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), detector: performance, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, cosmic background radiation: polarization, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, BICEP3, law.invention, cosmic background radiation: B-mode, Optics, bolometer, law, Polarization, 0103 physical sciences, Cosmic Microwave Background, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Physics, Gravitational Waves, Gravitational wave, business.industry, beam: width, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, gravitational radiation: primordial, Polarization (waves), detector: upgrade, Inflation, optics, Cardinal point, Upgrade, Refracting telescope, Keck Array, Transition edge sensor, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

BICEP3 is a 520mm aperture on-axis refracting telescope observing the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at 95GHz in search of the B-mode signal originating from inflationary gravitational waves. BICEP3's focal plane is populated with modularized tiles of antenna-coupled transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers. BICEP3 was deployed to the South Pole during 2014-15 austral summer and has been operational since. During the 2016-17 austral summer, we implemented changes to optical elements that lead to better noise performance. We discuss this upgrade and show the performance of BICEP3 at its full mapping speed from the 2017 and 2018 observing seasons. BICEP3 achieves an order-of-magnitude improvement in mapping speed compared to a Keck 95GHz receiver. We demonstrate $6.6\mu K\sqrt{s}$ noise performance of the BICEP3 receiver., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, Published in Proc. SPIE. Presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation Conference 10708: Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy XI, June 2018

Published
2018

26. Thermal kinetic inductance detectors for ground-based millimeter-wave cosmology

Author

Hien Nguyen, Roger O'Brient, Bryan Steinbach, Anthony D. Turner, and James J. Bock

Subjects
Measure (physics), FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Kinetic inductance, law.invention, Resonator, Thermal conductivity, law, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Noise-equivalent power, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Bolometer, Time constant, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Computational physics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

We show measurements of thermal kinetic inductance detectors (TKID) intended for millimeter wave cosmology in the 200-300 GHz atmospheric window. The TKID is a type of bolometer which uses the kinetic inductance of a superconducting resonator to measure the temperature of the thermally isolated bolometer island. We measure bolometer thermal conductance, time constant and noise equivalent power. We also measure the quality factor of our resonators as the bath temperature varies to show they are limited by effects consistent with coupling to two level systems., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to Journal of Low Temperature Physics

Published
2018
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27. Erratum: 'A Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background B-Mode Polarization Power Spectrum at Sub-degree Scales with POLARBEAR' (2014, ApJ, 794, 171)

Author

Masashi Hazumi, P. Hyland, Kam Arnold, Y. Akiba, Frederick Matsuda, Paul L. Richards, M. Atlas, Yuji Chinone, A. E. Anthony, Amit P. S. Yadav, P. A. R. Ade, Y. Hori, A Orlando, S. Moyerman, Aaron Lee, Reijo Keskitalo, M. Navaroli, Nathan Stebor, I. Schanning, Bryan Steinbach, N. W. Halverson, Yuki Inoue, Chase Owen Shimmin, Zigmund Kermish, H. Nishino, Tucker Elleflot, M. J. Myers, G. Fabbian, Christian L. Reichardt, Eric V. Linder, Masaya Hasegawa, Kaori Hattori, E. M. Leitch, Helmuth Spieler, Theodore Kisner, Chang Feng, Meir Shimon, J. Howard, Praween Siritanasak, Brian Keating, O. Zahn, J. Peloton, Julian Borrill, D. Boettger, Darcy Barron, Radek Stompor, Marius Lungu, H. Morii, S. Takakura, A. Shimizu, Tomotake Matsumura, Hans P. Paar, William F. Grainger, Gabriel M. Rebeiz, E. Quealy, Graeme Smecher, X. Meng, D. E. Schenck, Scott Chapman, Takayuki Tomaru, A. J. Gilbert, Josquin Errard, D. Poletti, B. Wilson, W. L. Holzapfel, Aritoki Suzuki, Daniel Flanigan, Colin Ross, Nathan J. Miller, M. Le Jeune, M. A. Dobbs, Blake D. Sherwin, G. Jaehnig, Andrew H. Jaffe, Cardiff University, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Shonan International Village, Hayama-cho, University of Colorado, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy (CASA), Department of Physics, Le Conte Hall, University of California, Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, Physics Department, McGill University, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Physics Department, Austin College, Sherman, TX 75090, USA, Imperial College London, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Observational Cosmology Laboratory (Code 665), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), Todai Institutes for Advanced Study, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia

Subjects
Physics, large-scale structure of universe, Science & Technology, 0306 Physical Chemistry (Incl. Structural), Cosmic microwave background, Spectral density, Molecular, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, cosmic background radiation, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), 0305 Organic Chemistry, Atomic, observations [cosmology], 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, Particle and Plasma Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Physical Sciences, astro-ph.CO, Nuclear, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomical and Space Sciences, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
Abstract

We report an improved measurement of the cosmic microwave background B-mode polarization power spectrum with the Polarbear experiment at 150 GHz. By adding new data collected during the second season of observations (2013-2014) to re-analyzed data from the first season (2012-2013), we have reduced twofold the band-power uncertainties. The band powers are reported over angular multipoles 500 ≤ ℓ ≤ 2100, where the dominant B-mode signal is expected to be due to the gravitational lensing of E-modes. We reject the null hypothesis of no B-mode polarization at a confidence of 3.1σ including both statistical and systematic uncertainties. We test the consistency of the measured B-modes with the Λ Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) framework by fitting for a single lensing amplitude parameter A L = 0.60 +0.26-0.24(stat)+0.00-0.04 (inst) ± 0.14(foreground) ± 0.04(multi), where A L = 1 relative to the Planck 2015 best-fit model prediction. We obtain ±0.14(foreground) ±0.04(multi), where is the fiducial ΛCDM value.

Published
2017

28. The POLARBEAR Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization Experiment

Author

Tomotake Matsumura, M. A. Dobbs, S. Moyerman, Nathan Stebor, Chase Owen Shimmin, H. Morii, P. Hyland, Masashi Hazumi, Oliver Zahn, Scott Chapman, Hans P. Paar, A. Ghribi, Masaya Hasegawa, Josquin Errard, Praween Siritanasak, Eric V. Linder, M. Le Jeune, Peter A. R. Ade, W. L. Holzapfel, Andrew H. Jaffe, Yuji Chinone, Aritoki Suzuki, Adrian T. Lee, Julian Borrill, Nathan J. Miller, Gabriel M. Rebeiz, William F. Grainger, Brian Keating, A. E. Anthony, Kam Arnold, Theodore Kisner, Takayuki Tomaru, Paul L. Richards, N. W. Halverson, J. Peloton, Daniel Flanigan, Amit P. S. Yadav, M. J. Myers, Jonathon Howard, H. Nishino, G. Fabbian, D. Boettger, Reijo Keskitalo, G. Jaehnig, Bryan Steinbach, Zigmund Kermish, A. Shimizu, Colin Ross, Meir Shimon, Jennifer Edwards, X. Meng, Carole Tucker, Radek Stompor, M. Sholl, E. Quealy, Christian L. Reichardt, Gary A. Fuller, Kaori Hattori, Helmuth Spieler, Darcy Barron, Marius Lungu, and Frederick Matsuda

Subjects
Physics, Gravitational wave, Bolometer, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Lenslet, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Cardinal point, Gravitational lens, law, Extremely high frequency, General Materials Science
Abstract

The polarbear cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiment has been observing since early 2012 from its 5,200 m site in the Atacama Desert in Northern Chile. polarbear’s measurements will characterize the expected CMB polarization due to gravitational lensing by large scale structure, and search for the possible B-mode polarization signature of inflationary gravitational waves. polarbear’s 250 mK focal plane detector array consists of 1,274 polarization-sensitive antenna-coupled bolometers, each with an associated lithographed band-defining filter and contacting dielectric lenslet, an architecture unique in current CMB experiments. The status of the polarbear instrument, its focal plane, and the analysis of its measurements are presented.

Published
2014

29. BICEP2/Keck Array VIII: Measurement of gravitational lensing from large-scaleb-mode polarization

Author

Toshiya Namikawa, Cora Dvorkin, Chao-Lin Kuo, E. Karpel, R. Schwarz, Keck Array, M. Lueker, James J. Bock, K. L. Thompson, Zeeshan Ahmed, Roger O'Brient, J. Kang, K. G. Megerian, J. P. Kaufman, J. E. Tolan, Mark Halpern, E. Bullock, Bicep Collaborations, Angiola Orlando, Jeffrey P. Filippini, Howard Hui, I. Buder, Jake Connors, Bryan Steinbach, H. T. Nguyen, E. M. Leitch, Calvin B. Netterfield, Sarah M. Harrison, Peter A. R. Ade, R. V. Sudiwala, Z. K. Staniszewski, R. Bowens-Rubin, Brian Keating, W. L. K. Wu, Steven J. Benton, R. W. Ogburn, Abigail G. Vieregg, S. Fliescher, J. Willmert, Kate D. Alexander, Gene C. Hilton, C. Pryke, L. Duband, Randol W. Aikin, Victor Buza, Donald V. Wiebe, S. R. Hildebrandt, C. D. Sheehy, Grant Teply, S. Kefeli, Colin A. Bischoff, C. L. Wong, A. D. Turner, S. Richter, J. A. Grayson, Justus A. Brevik, Carole Tucker, Ki Won Yoon, B. P. Crill, John M Kovac, Kirit Karkare, Kent D. Irwin, S. A. Kernasovskiy, A. C. Weber, and Denis Barkats

Subjects
Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Cosmic microwave background, Cosmic background radiation, Spectral density, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, symbols.namesake, Amplitude, Gravitational lens, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Planck, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present measurements of polarization lensing using the 150 GHz maps which include all data taken by the BICEP2 & Keck Array CMB polarization experiments up to and including the 2014 observing season (BK14). Despite their modest angular resolution ($\sim 0.5^\circ$), the excellent sensitivity ($\sim 3\mu$K-arcmin) of these maps makes it possible to directly reconstruct the lensing potential using only information at larger angular scales ($\ell\leq 700$). From the auto-spectrum of the reconstructed potential we measure an amplitude of the spectrum to be $A^{\phi\phi}_{\rm L}=1.15\pm 0.36$ (Planck $\Lambda$CDM prediction corresponds to $A^{\phi\phi}_{\rm L}=1$), and reject the no-lensing hypothesis at 5.8$\sigma$, which is the highest significance achieved to date using an EB lensing estimator. Taking the cross-spectrum of the reconstructed potential with the Planck 2015 lensing map yields $A^{\phi\phi}_{\rm L}=1.13\pm 0.20$. These direct measurements of $A^{\phi\phi}_{\rm L}$ are consistent with the $\Lambda$CDM cosmology, and with that derived from the previously reported BK14 B-mode auto-spectrum ($A^{\rm BB}_{\rm L}=1.20\pm 0.17$). We perform a series of null tests and consistency checks to show that these results are robust against systematics and are insensitive to analysis choices. These results unambiguously demonstrate that the B-modes previously reported by BICEP / Keck at intermediate angular scales ($150\lesssim\ell\lesssim 350$) are dominated by gravitational lensing. The good agreement between the lensing amplitudes obtained from the lensing reconstruction and B-mode spectrum starts to place constraints on any alternative cosmological sources of B-modes at these angular scales., Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures

Published
2016

30. Making maps of cosmic microwave background polarization for B-mode studies: the POLARBEAR example

Author

Eric V. Linder, Josquin Errard, Davide Poletti, Tucker Elleflot, Osamu Tajima, Giulio Fabbian, Theodore Kisner, Julian Borrill, Maude Le Jeune, Grantland Hall, Aritoki Suzuki, Akito Kusaka, L. Howe, Praween Siritanasak, Yuji Chinone, Ari Cukierman, Brian Keating, D. Leon, M. Navaroli, Kam Arnold, Reijo Keskitalo, Giuseppe Puglisi, Bryan Steinbach, Stephen M. Feeney, Frederick Matsuda, Colin Ross, J. Peloton, Nathan Whitehorn, Charles Hill, Andrew H. Jaffe, Masashi Hazumi, Christian L. Reichardt, John Groh, Neil Goeckner-Wald, Yuki Inoue, Scott Chapman, Darcy Barron, L. N. Lowry, Nathan Stebor, Masaya Hasegawa, Oliver Jeong, S. Beckman, Hans P. Paar, Carlo Baccigalupi, Nobuhiko Katayama, Grant Teply, Radek Stompor, A. Ducout, Adrian T. Lee, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut Lagrange de Paris, Sorbonne Universités, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies ( LPNHE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Poletti, D, Fabbian, G, Le Jeune, M, Peloton, J, Arnold, K, Baccigalupi, C, Barron, D, Beckman, S, Borrill, J, Chapman, S, Chinone, Y, Cukierman, A, Ducout, A, Elleflot, T, Errard, J, Feeney, S, Goeckner-Wald, N, Groh, J, Hall, G, Hasegawa, M, Hazumi, M, Hill, C, Howe, L, Inoue, Y, Jaffe, A, Jeong, O, Katayama, N, Keating, B, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Kusaka, A, Lee, A, Leon, D, Linder, E, Lowry, L, Matsuda, F, Navaroli, M, Paar, H, Puglisi, G, Reichardt, C, Ross, C, Siritanasak, P, Stebor, N, Steinbach, B, Stompor, R, Suzuki, A, Tajima, O, Teply, G, and Whitehorn, N

Subjects
Computer science, POWER SPECTRUM, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Cosmic microwave background, cosmic background radiation: polarization, cosmic background radiation, STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, estimator, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], media_common, Settore FIS/05, Estimator, Polarization (waves), observations [cosmology], 3. Good health, PLANCK, B-mode, DATA SETS, Cosmology: Observation, Physical Sciences, astro-ph.CO, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Algorithm, cosmology: observations, performance, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, noise, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), media_common.quotation_subject, Infrasound, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, DESTRIPING TECHNIQUE, structure, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], FIELD, numerical calculations, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, MAKING ALGORITHM, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, frequency: low, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, correlation, atmosphere, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], astro-ph.IM
Abstract

Analysis of cosmic microwave background (CMB) datasets typically requires some filtering of the raw time-ordered data. Filtering is frequently used to minimize the impact of low frequency noise, atmospheric contributions and/or scan synchronous signals on the resulting maps. In this work we explicitly construct a general filtering operator, which can unambiguously remove any set of unwanted modes in the data, and then amend the map-making procedure in order to incorporate and correct for it. We show that such an approach is mathematically equivalent to the solution of a problem in which the sky signal and unwanted modes are estimated simultaneously and the latter are marginalized over. We investigate the conditions under which this amended map-making procedure can render an unbiased estimate of the sky signal in realistic circumstances. We then study the effects of time-domain filtering on the noise correlation structure in the map domain, as well as impact it may have on the performance of the popular pseudo-spectrum estimators. We conclude that although maps produced by the proposed estimators arguably provide the most faithful representation of the sky possible given the data, they may not straightforwardly lead to the best constraints on the power spectra of the underlying sky signal and special care may need to be taken to ensure this is the case. By contrast, simplified map-makers which do not explicitly correct for time-domain filtering, but leave it to subsequent steps in the data analysis, may perform equally well and be easier and faster to implement. We focus on polarization-sensitive measurements targeting the B-mode component of the CMB signal and apply the proposed methods to realistic simulations based on characteristics of an actual CMB polarization experiment, POLARBEAR., Comment: 26 pages

Published
2016

31. BICEP2/Keck Array XI: Beam Characterization and Temperature-to-Polarization Leakage in the BK15 Data Set

Author

Grant Teply, R. V. Sudiwala, Brian Keating, W. L. K. Wu, S. R. Hildebrandt, Howard Hui, S. A. Kernasovskiy, A. Wandui, S. Kefeli, Jeffrey P. Filippini, J. A. Grayson, D. V. Wiebe, Justus A. Brevik, Carole Tucker, King Tong Lau, John M Kovac, S. Palladino, Toshiya Namikawa, Tyler St. Germaine, Kirit Karkare, M. Lueker, Alessandro Schillaci, N. A. Larsen, Mark Halpern, Lionel Duband, Kent D. Irwin, H. Yang, C. D. Sheehy, Chao-Lin Kuo, J. Willmert, Gene C. Hilton, J. Cornelison, J. E. Tolan, Ki Won Yoon, Calvin B. Netterfield, Stefan Richter, Zeeshan Ahmed, A. C. Weber, R. Bowens-Rubin, B. P. Crill, S. Fliescher, Jake Connors, M. Crumrine, G. Hall, Steven J. Benton, R. W. Ogburn, Ahmed Soliman, C. Umilta, Colin A. Bischoff, J. J. Bock, J. Kang, C. Pryke, Peter A. R. Ade, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Denis Barkats, Chao Zhang, B. Racine, C. L. Wong, J. P. Kaufman, R. Schwarz, Abigail G. Vieregg, A. D. Turner, Randol W. Aikin, H. T. Nguyen, Victor Buza, E. M. Leitch, E. Bullock, E. Karpel, K. L. Thompson, Z. K. Staniszewski, Roger O'Brient, Marion Dierickx, I. Buder, Bryan Steinbach, Sarah M. Harrison, K. G. Megerian, Service des Basses Températures (SBT ), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), BICEP2, Keck Array, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Planck, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, scalar tensor, Cosmic microwave background, Cosmic background radiation, FOS: Physical sciences, cosmic background radiation: polarization, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], inflation, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Leakage (electronics), Physics, Gravitational wave, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, temperature, Astronomy and Astrophysics, BICEP, sensitivity, Polarization (waves), CMB cold spot, Computational physics, B-mode, WMAP, Space and Planetary Science, symbols, beam profile, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, statistical, Beam (structure), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Precision measurements of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization require extreme control of instrumental systematics. In a companion paper we have presented cosmological constraints from observations with the BICEP2 and Keck Array experiments up to and including the 2015 observing season (BK15), resulting in the deepest CMB polarization maps to date and a statistical sensitivity to the tensor-to-scalar ratio of $\sigma(r) = 0.020$. In this work we characterize the beams and constrain potential systematic contamination from main beam shape mismatch at the three BK15 frequencies (95, 150, and 220 GHz). Far-field maps of 7,360 distinct beam patterns taken from 2010-2015 are used to measure differential beam parameters and predict the contribution of temperature-to-polarization leakage to the BK15 B-mode maps. In the multifrequency, multicomponent likelihood analysis that uses BK15, Planck, and WMAP maps to separate sky components, we find that adding this predicted leakage to simulations induces a bias of $\Delta r = 0.0027 \pm 0.0019$. Future results using higher-quality beam maps and improved techniques to detect such leakage in CMB data will substantially reduce this uncertainty, enabling the levels of systematics control needed for BICEP Array and other experiments that plan to definitively probe large-field inflation., Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables. Minor correction to Figure 2 and caption

Published
2019

32. BICEP3 performance overview and planned Keck Array upgrade

Author

Z. Ahmed, S. A. Kernasovskiy, Mark Halpern, J. E. Tolan, Roger O'Brient, A. D. Turner, Howard Hui, R. Bowens-Rubin, K. W. Yoon, E. Karpel, K. L. Thompson, Victor Buza, Jake Connors, C. L. Kuo, J. Kang, Sarah M. Harrison, A. C. Weber, Kate D. Alexander, V. Monticue, I. Buder, C. Pryke, R. Schwarz, R. W. Ogburn, Bryan Steinbach, M. Amiri, D. V. Wiebe, Calvin B. Netterfield, C. D. Reintsema, James J. Bock, Stefan Richter, M. Lueker, John M Kovac, Kirit Karkare, J. Willmert, Gene C. Hilton, E. Bullock, V. V. Hristov, H. T. Nguyen, Kent D. Irwin, H. Boenish, E. M. Leitch, Denis Barkats, J. A. Grayson, Grant Teply, K. G. Megerian, S. J. Benton, Jeffrey P. Filippini, S. Kefeli, S. Fliescher, Carole Tucker, Z. Staniszewski, W. L. K. Wu, T. Namikawa, C. Sorensen, A. Wandui, Colin A. Bischoff, C. D. Sheehy, Peter A. R. Ade, Abigail G. Vieregg, Holland, Wayne S., and Zmuidzinas, Jonas

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Computer science, business.industry, Detector, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Cardinal point, Upgrade, Optics, Frequency coverage, Refracting telescope, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Transition edge, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

BICEP3 is a 520 mm aperture, compact two-lens refractor designed to observe the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at 95 GHz. Its focal plane consists of modularized tiles of antenna-coupled transition edge sensors (TESs), similar to those used in BICEP2 and the Keck Array. The increased per-receiver optical throughput compared to BICEP2/Keck Array, due to both its faster f/1.7 optics and the larger aperture, more than doubles the combined mapping speed of the BICEP/Keck program. The BICEP3 receiver was recently upgraded to a full complement of 20 tiles of detectors (2560 TESs) and is now beginning its second year of observation (and first science season) at the South Pole. We report on its current performance and observing plans. Given its high per-receiver throughput while maintaining the advantages of a compact design, BICEP3-class receivers are ideally suited as building blocks for a 3rd-generation CMB experiment, consisting of multiple receivers spanning 35 GHz to 270 GHz with total detector count in the tens of thousands. We present plans for such an array, the new "BICEP Array" that will replace the Keck Array at the South Pole, including design optimization, frequency coverage, and deployment/observing strategies., 17 pages, 6 figures. To be published in Proc. SPIE. Presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation Conference 9914: Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII, June 2016

Published
2016

33. Optical Characterization of the BICEP3 CMB Polarimeter at the South Pole

Author

M. Lueker, John M Kovac, Kirit Karkare, Kent D. Irwin, Roger O'Brient, H. Boenish, J. Kang, S. Fliescher, K. G. Megerian, J. A. Grayson, Toshiya Namikawa, S. Kefeli, Ki Won Yoon, S. A. Harrison, Colin A. Bischoff, Chao-Lin Kuo, Carole Tucker, I. Buder, James J. Bock, C. L. Wong, Bryan Steinbach, J. Willmert, Gene C. Hilton, Viktor Hristov, Denis Barkats, V. Monticue, Howard Hui, W. L. K. Wu, Zeeshan Ahmed, A. D. Turner, E. Karpel, Jeffrey P. Filippini, Carl D. Reintsema, K. L. Thompson, Mandana Amiri, Peter A. R. Ade, Abigail G. Vieregg, Z. K. Staniszewski, M. T. St. Germaine, C. D. Sheehy, A. C. Weber, Calvin B. Netterfield, Victor Buza, S. A. Kernasovskiy, R. Bowens-Rubin, Kate D. Alexander, C. Pryke, A. Wandui, H. T. Nguyen, E. M. Leitch, S. J. Benton, S. Richter, Mark Halpern, R. Schwarz, E. Bullock, J. E. Tolan, Jake Connors, R. W. Ogburn, Grant Teply, Holland, Wayne S., and Zmuidzinas, Jonas

Subjects
Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Gravitational wave, business.industry, Cosmic microwave background, Cosmic background radiation, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Near and far field, Polarimeter, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Beamwidth, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

BICEP3 is a small-aperture refracting cosmic microwave background (CMB) telescope designed to make sensitive polarization maps in pursuit of a potential B-mode signal from inflationary gravitational waves. It is the latest in the BICEP/Keck Array series of CMB experiments at the South Pole, which has provided the most stringent constraints on inflation to date. For the 2016 observing season, BICEP3 was outfitted with a full suite of 2400 optically coupled detectors operating at 95 GHz. In these proceedings we report on the far field beam performance using calibration data taken during the 2015-2016 summer deployment season in situ with a thermal chopped source. We generate high-fidelity per-detector beam maps, show the array-averaged beam profile, and characterize the differential beam response between co-located, orthogonally polarized detectors which contributes to the leading instrumental systematic in pair differencing experiments. We find that the levels of differential pointing, beamwidth, and ellipticity are similar to or lower than those measured for BICEP2 and Keck Array. The magnitude and distribution of BICEP3's differential beam mismatch - and the level to which temperature-to-polarization leakage may be marginalized over or subtracted in analysis - will inform the design of next-generation CMB experiments with many thousands of detectors., Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures. Presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation Conference 9914: Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII, June 2016

Published
2016
Full Text
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34. Initial Performance of BICEP3: A Degree Angular Scale 95 GHz Band Polarimeter

Author

S. Kefeli, H. T. Nguyen, E. Bullock, Sarah M. Harrison, S. J. Benton, J. E. Tolan, M. Amiri, Roger O'Brient, S. Fliescher, Jake Connors, Peter A. R. Ade, I. Buder, John M Kovac, Gene C. Hilton, Kirit Karkare, Abigail G. Vieregg, Keith L. Thompson, R. W. Ogburn, Howard Hui, Carl D. Reintsema, K. G. Megerian, Kent D. Irwin, J. A. Grayson, A. C. Weber, Victor Buza, S. A. Kernasovskiy, Chao-Lin Kuo, Carole Tucker, Z. K. Staniszewski, A. D. Turner, James J. Bock, Mark Halpern, Grant Teply, Colin A. Bischoff, Bryan Steinbach, Ki Won Yoon, W. L. K. Wu, Zeeshan Ahmed, Denis Barkats, C. Sorensen, J. Willmert, Donald V. Wiebe, S. Richter, R. Bowens-Rubin, Kate D. Alexander, Jeffrey P. Filippini, J. Kang, Viktor Hristov, Rashmikant V. Sudiwala, C. Pryke, E. Karpel, and Calvin B. Netterfield

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, symbols.namesake, Materials Science(all), law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Planck, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), QC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Polarimeter, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, symbols, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

BICEP3 is a $550~mm$ aperture telescope with cold, on-axis, refractive optics designed to observe at the $95~GHz$ band from the South Pole. It is the newest member of the BICEP/Keck family of inflationary probes specifically designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at degree-angular scales. BICEP3 is designed to house 1280 dual-polarization pixels, which, when fully-populated, totals to $\sim$9$\times$ the number of pixels in a single Keck $95~GHz$ receiver, thus further advancing the BICEP/Keck program's $95~GHz$ mapping speed. BICEP3 was deployed during the austral summer of 2014-2015 with 9 detector tiles, to be increased to its full capacity of 20 in the second season. After instrument characterization measurements were taken, CMB observation commenced in April 2015. Together with multi-frequency observation data from Planck, BICEP2, and the Keck Array, BICEP3 is projected to set upper limits on the tensor-to-scalar ratio to $r$ $\lesssim 0.03$ at $95\%$ C.L.., 7 pages, LTD-16 proceedings

Published
2016

35. BICEP3 focal plane design and detector performance

Author

Peter A. R. Ade, Ki Won Yoon, Abigail G. Vieregg, Bryan Steinbach, J. Kang, S. Fliescher, M. Lueker, Gene C. Hilton, John M Kovac, Kirit Karkare, Viktor Hristov, W. L. K. Wu, Zeeshan Ahmed, I. Buder, Kent D. Irwin, Victor Buza, Roger O'Brient, V. Monticue, C. D. Sheehy, E. Bullock, S. A. Kernasovskiy, Sarah M. Harrison, Keith L. Thompson, E. Karpel, Carl D. Reintsema, Z. K. Staniszewski, Calvin B. Netterfield, R. Schwarz, J. A. Grayson, H. Boenish, K. G. Megerian, Carole Tucker, Jeffrey P. Filippini, E. M. Leitch, Denis Barkats, S. Kefeli, C. Sorensen, A. C. Weber, Colin A. Bischoff, S. Richter, G. P. Teply, J. Willmert, J. E. Tolan, Donald V. Wiebe, Jake Connors, Steven J. Benton, R. W. Ogburn, Anthony D. Turner, R. Bowens-Rubin, Toshiya Namikawa, Chao-Lin Kuo, James J. Bock, Howard Hui, Mandana Amiri, A. Wandui, H. T. Nguyen, Mark Halpern, Kate D. Alexander, C. Pryke, Holland, Wayne S., and Zmuidzinas, Jonas

Subjects
Cosmic microwave background, Spectral response, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Optical efficiency, Physics, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polarization (waves), Cardinal point, Refracting telescope, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

BICEP3, the latest telescope in the BICEP/Keck program, started science observations in March 2016. It is a 550mm aperture refractive telescope observing the polarization of the cosmic microwave background at 95 GHz. We show the focal plane design and detector performance, including spectral response, optical efficiency and preliminary sensitivity of the upgraded BICEP3. We demonstrate 9.72$\mu$K$\sqrt{\textrm{s}}$ noise performance of the BICEP3 receiver., Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures. To be published in Proc. SPIE. Presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation Conference 9914: Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII, June 2016

Published
2016
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36. Modeling Atmospheric Emission for CMB Ground-based Observations

Author

Nathan Stebor, Tomotake Matsumura, Christian L. Reichardt, Michael J. Myers, S. Takakura, Masaya Hasegawa, Giuseppe Puglisi, Adrian T. Lee, Kaori Hattori, Charles A. Hill, Julian Borrill, Nobuhiko Katayama, K. M. Rotermund, Stephen M. Feeney, Kam Arnold, Davide Poletti, E. M. Leitch, Darcy Barron, Neil Goeckner-Wald, Yuji Chinone, Peter A. R. Ade, Nathan Whitehorn, M. Atlas, Y. Akiba, Greg Jaehnig, Andrew H. Jaffe, Chang Feng, Scott Chapman, Gabriel M. Rebeiz, Brian Keating, A. Gilbert, Colin Ross, M. Navaroli, Aritoki Suzuki, Tucker Elleflot, Graeme Smecher, Hans P. Paar, Ted Kisner, J. Peloton, Oliver Jeong, Amit P. S. Yadav, Giulio Fabbian, J. P. Kaufman, D. E. Schenck, N. W. Halverson, A. Ducout, A. Tikhomirov, Masashi Hazumi, Takayuki Tomaru, Radek Stompor, Praween Siritanasak, Zigmund Kermish, Oliver Zahn, Blake D. Sherwin, D. Boettger, M. Le Jeune, Takahiro Okamura, A. Cukierman, B. Wilson, D. Leon, Nathan J. Miller, Reijo Keskitalo, Bryan Steinbach, M. A. Dobbs, Yuki Inoue, Josquin Errard, W. L. Holzapfel, Y. Hori, Jacques Delabrouille, Paul L. Richards, Frederick Matsuda, H. Nishino, Osamu Tajima, Eric V. Linder, Carlo Baccigalupi, Biological Imaging Core, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Regional Virus Laboratory, Royal Victoria Hospital, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics [Berkeley], University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS), Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements, Department of Endocrinology, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre interdisciplinaire de recherches sur les valeurs, les idées, les identités et les compétences en Éducation et en formation (CIVIIC), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Department of Computer Science [Amherst], University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Department of Atmospheric Science [Laramie], University of Wyoming (UW), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU), Columbia University [New York], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), University of California (UC), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), The University of Tokyo, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Imperial College Trust, Science and Technology Facilities Council [2006-2012], Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Errard, J, Ade, P, Akiba, Y, Arnold, K, Atlas, M, Baccigalupi, C, Barron, D, Boettger, D, Borrill, J, Chapman, S, Chinone, Y, Cukierman, A, Delabrouille, J, Dobbs, M, Ducout, A, Elleflot, T, Fabbian, G, Feng, C, Feeney, S, Gilbert, A, Goeckner-Wald, N, Halverson, N, Hasegawa, M, Hattori, K, Hazumi, M, Hill, C, Holzapfel, W, Hori, Y, Inoue, Y, Jaehnig, G, Jaffe, A, Jeong, O, Katayama, N, Kaufman, J, Keating, B, Kermish, Z, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Le Jeune, M, Lee, A, Leitch, E, Leon, D, Linder, E, Matsuda, F, Matsumura, T, Miller, N, Myers, M, Navaroli, M, Nishino, H, Okamura, T, Paar, H, Peloton, J, Poletti, D, Puglisi, G, Rebeiz, G, Reichardt, C, Richards, P, Ross, C, Rotermund, K, Schenck, D, Sherwin, B, Siritanasak, P, Smecher, G, Stebor, N, Steinbach, B, Stompor, R, Suzuki, A, Tajima, O, Takakura, S, Tikhomirov, A, Tomaru, T, Whitehorn, N, Wilson, B, Yadav, A, and Zahn, O

Subjects
COMPONENT SEPARATION, POLARIZATION, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 0306 Physical Chemistry (Incl. Structural), atmospheric effect, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 0305 Organic Chemistry, 01 natural sciences, NOISE, Weather station, Atmosphere, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, SITES, Science & Technology, Settore FIS/05, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Linear polarization, Detector, Astronomy and Astrophysics, FLUCTUATIONS, methods: data analysis, Computational physics, 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, Wavelength, methods: observational, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Physical Sciences, astro-ph.CO, TURBULENCE, Environmental science, Millimeter, MICROWAVE BACKGROUND EXPERIMENTS, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, methods: data analysi, Noise (radio), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM, atmospheric effects
Abstract

Atmosphere is one of the most important noise sources for ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments. By increasing optical loading on the detectors, it amplifies their effective noise, while its fluctuations introduce spatial and temporal correlations between detected signals. We present a physically motivated 3d-model of the atmosphere total intensity emission in the millimeter and sub-millimeter wavelengths. We derive a new analytical estimate for the correlation between detectors time-ordered data as a function of the instrument and survey design, as well as several atmospheric parameters such as wind, relative humidity, temperature and turbulence characteristics. Using an original numerical computation, we examine the effect of each physical parameter on the correlations in the time series of a given experiment. We then use a parametric-likelihood approach to validate the modeling and estimate atmosphere parameters from the POLARBEAR-I project first season data set. We derive a new 1.0% upper limit on the linear polarization fraction of atmospheric emission. We also compare our results to previous studies and weather station measurements. The proposed model can be used for realistic simulations of future ground-based CMB observations., Comment: 20 pages, 16 figures

Published
2015

37. Evidence for Gravitational Lensing of the Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization from Cross-Correlation with the Cosmic Infrared Background

Author

Aritoki Suzuki, Frederick Matsuda, Daniel Flanigan, Meir Shimon, Kam Arnold, Nathan J. Miller, Colin Ross, X. Meng, Y. Akiba, S. Takakura, A. E. Anthony, Y. Hori, Josquin Errard, D. Poletti, Julian Borrill, Hans P. Paar, Tomotake Matsumura, Yuki Inoue, Yuji Chinone, Takayuki Tomaru, W. L. Holzapfel, D. E. Schenck, Jonathon Howard, S. Moyerman, Tucker Elleflot, M. A. Dobbs, Nathan Stebor, P. Hyland, A. Tikhomirov, Paul L. Richards, I. Schanning, M. Le Jeune, Eric V. Linder, Masaya Hasegawa, Christian L. Reichardt, Giulio Fabbian, M. Atlas, Andrew H. Jaffe, J. Peloton, H. Morii, Oliver Zahn, A. Shimizu, Kaori Hattori, E. M. Leitch, Helmuth Spieler, Scott Chapman, N. W. Halverson, E. Quealy, Masashi Hazumi, William F. Grainger, M. J. Myers, Graeme Smecher, Chang Feng, Blake D. Sherwin, Darcy Barron, Theodore Kisner, Marius Lungu, Reijo Keskitalo, Bryan Steinbach, G. Jaehnig, Peter A. R. Ade, Praween Siritanasak, Kaja Rotermund, Gabriel M. Rebeiz, Amit P. S. Yadav, M. Navaroli, Colin Borys, Zigmund Kermish, Radek Stompor, Adrian T. Lee, A. J. Gilbert, B. Wilson, Brian Keating, D. Boettger, Chase Owen Shimmin, H. Nishino, Dalhousie University [Halifax], AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), The University of Tokyo, Ade, P, Akiba, Y, Anthony, A, Arnold, K, Atlas, M, Barron, D, Boettger, D, Borrill, J, Borys, C, Chapman, S, Chinone, Y, Dobbs, M, Elleflot, T, Errard, J, Fabbian, G, Feng, C, Flanigan, D, Gilbert, A, Grainger, W, Halverson, N, Hasegawa, M, Hattori, K, Hazumi, M, Holzapfel, W, Hori, Y, Howard, J, Hyland, P, Inoue, Y, Jaehnig, G, Jaffe, A, Keating, B, Kermish, Z, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Le Jeune, M, Lee, A, Leitch, E, Linder, E, Lungu, M, Matsuda, F, Matsumura, T, Meng, X, Miller, N, Morii, H, Moyerman, S, Myers, M, Navaroli, M, Nishino, H, Paar, H, Peloton, J, Poletti, D, Quealy, E, Rebeiz, G, Reichardt, C, Richards, P, Ross, C, Rotermund, K, Schanning, I, Schenck, D, Sherwin, B, Shimizu, A, Shimmin, C, Shimon, M, Siritanasak, P, Smecher, G, Spieler, H, Stebor, N, Steinbach, B, Stompor, R, Suzuki, A, Takakura, S, Tikhomirov, A, Tomaru, T, Wilson, B, Yadav, A, Zahn, O, APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, POLARBEAR, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of California (UC)

Subjects
Physics, Gravitational Lensing, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Strong gravitational lensing, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Physics and Astronomy, Astronomy, Spectral density, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), Cosmology, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Gravitational lens, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Cosmic infrared background, Cosmic Microwave Background, Weak gravitational lensing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We reconstruct the gravitational lensing convergence signal from Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization data taken by the POLARBEAR experiment and cross-correlate it with Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) maps from the Herschel satellite. From the cross-spectra, we obtain evidence for gravitational lensing of the CMB polarization at a statistical significance of 4.0$\sigma$ and evidence for the presence of a lensing $B$-mode signal at a significance of 2.3$\sigma$. We demonstrate that our results are not biased by instrumental and astrophysical systematic errors by performing null-tests, checks with simulated and real data, and analytical calculations. This measurement of polarization lensing, made via the robust cross-correlation channel, not only reinforces POLARBEAR auto-correlation measurements, but also represents one of the early steps towards establishing CMB polarization lensing as a powerful new probe of cosmology and astrophysics., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures. v2: replaced with version accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters. The companion paper (arXiv:1312.6646) describes a measurement of the polarization lensing power spectrum

Published
2014

38. POLARBEAR CMB Polarization Experiment

Author

A. Ghribi, Brian Keating, Josquin Errard, M. Le Jeune, Takahiro Okamura, Matt Dobbs, W. L. Holzapfel, N. Katayama, A. Shimizu, Yuji Chinone, R. Stompor, Helmuth Spieler, Christian L. Reichardt, Gary A. Fuller, Yuki Inoue, Frederick Matsuda, Hans P. Paar, N. W. Halverson, M. J. Myers, S. Moyerman, Kaori Hattori, Nathan Stebor, Zigmund Kermish, Jun-ichi Suzuki, J. Borrill, J. Peloton, Y. Kaneko, Paul L. Richards, Peter A. R. Ade, Masaya Hasegawa, Darcy Barron, Adrian T. Lee, M. Sholl, E. Quealy, O. Zahn, Chang Feng, William F. Grainger, D. Boettger, H. Nishino, T. Matsumura, Daniel Flanigan, Marius Lungu, Nathan Miller, G. Jaehnig, Masashi Hazumi, Jonathon Howard, Amit Yadav, Colin Ross, Takayuki Tomaru, Meir Shimon, H. Morii, Carole Tucker, Kam Arnold, K. Tanaka, P. Siritanasak, Andrew H. Jaffe, N. Kimura, Eric V. Linder, P. Hyland, A. Suzuki, G. Fabbian, Bryan Steinbach, Roger O'Brient, S. Chapmann, Theodore Kisner, Y. Akiba, Chase Owen Shimmin, and A. E. Anthony

Subjects
Physics, Beam size, law, Polarization (politics), Bolometer, Cosmic microwave background, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Cosmological model, law.invention
Published
2014

39. Thermal and optical characterization for POLARBEAR-2 optical system

Author

Suguru Takada, A. E. Anthony, D. E. Schenck, Takayuki Tomaru, Radek Stompor, G. Jaehnig, Amit P. S. Yadav, Theodore Kisner, Takahiro Okamura, Masashi Hazumi, J. Peloton, Kam Arnold, M. Navaroli, Blake D. Sherwin, J. Borrilll, H. Morii, Yuji Chinone, Paul L. Richards, Christian L. Reichardt, Scott Chapman, Darcy Barron, M. Atlas, Zigmund Kermish, Kaori Hattori, Aritoki Suzuki, A. Cukierman, N. W. Halverson, M. J. Myers, Chang Feng, M. Sholl, Hans P. Paar, Tomotake Matsumura, Andrew H. Jaffe, S. Takakura, A. J. Gilbert, Reijo Keskitalo, M. A. Dobbs, Graeme Smecher, Bryan Steinbach, Colin Ross, Amy N. Bender, Tucker Elleflot, B. Wilson, Eric V. Linder, D. Boettger, Brian Keating, Peter A. R. Ade, Adrian T. Lee, Gabriel M. Rebeiz, Praween Siritanasak, G. Fabbian, Jun-ichi Suzuki, Nathan Stebor, Masaya Hasegawa, E. M. Leitch, Y. Akiba, O. Zahn, Frederick Matsuda, M. Le Jeune, H. Yamaguchi, Y. Hori, Yuki Inoue, N. Katayama, Josquin Errard, D. Poletti, W. L. Holzapfel, H. Nishino, and X. Meng

Subjects
Cryostat, IR filter, Infrared, Aperture, Bolometer, Physics::Optics, Gravitational Wave, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, law.invention, POLARBEAR-2, Optics, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, law, Polarization, Cosmic Microwave Background, Infrared cut-off filter, Physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, millimeter wave, Cardinal point, Optoelectronics, Transition edge sensor, business, Refractive index
Abstract

POLARBEAR-2 (PB-2) is a cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiment for B-mode detection. The PB-2 receiver has a large focal plane and aperture that consists of 7588 transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers at 250 mK. The receiver consists of the optical cryostat housing reimaging lenses and infrared filters, and the detector cryostat housing TES bolometers. The large focal plane places substantial requirements on the thermal design of the optical elements at the 4K, 50K, and 300K stages. Infrared filters and lenses inside the optical cryostat are made of alumina for this purpose. We measure basic properties of alumina, such as the index of refraction, loss tangent and thermal conductivity. All results meet our requirements. We also optically characterize filters and lenses made of alumina. Finally, we perform a cooling test of the entire optical cryostat. All measured temperature values satisfy our requirements. In particular, the temperature rise between the center and edge of the alumina infrared filter at 50 K is only 2:0 ± 1:4 K. Based on the measurements, we estimate the incident power to each thermal stage. © (2014) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Published
2014

40. The Simons Array: expanding POLARBEAR to three multi-chroic telescopes

Author

Amit P. S. Yadav, Tomotake Matsumura, M. Navaroli, Reijo Keskitalo, Zigmund Kermish, Bryan Steinbach, Y. Akiba, S. Takakura, A. E. Anthony, A. Cukierman, Peter A. R. Ade, Paul L. Richards, N. W. Halverson, M. J. Myers, Takahiro Okamura, Tucker Elleflot, Jun-ichi Suzuki, Amy N. Bender, Nathan J. Miller, Praween Siritanasak, Gabriel M. Rebeiz, X. Meng, E. M. Leitch, O. Zahn, Eric V. Linder, Neil Goeckner-Wald, Giulio Fabbian, M. Atlas, D. E. Schenck, Andrew H. Jaffe, Brian Keating, Aritoki Suzuki, J. Peloton, Takayuki Tomaru, Adrian T. Lee, Kam Arnold, Frederick Matsuda, M. Le Jeune, Julian Borrill, Christopher Raum, Chang Feng, M. A. Dobbs, Josquin Errard, Yuji Chinone, D. Poletti, N. Katayama, K. M. Rotermund, Radek Stompor, W. L. Holzapfel, Nathan Stebor, Darcy Barron, Theodore Kisner, Graeme Smecher, I. Shirley, A. J. Gilbert, M. Sholl, B. Wilson, Hans P. Paar, Masaya Hasegawa, H. Nishino, G. Jaehnig, D. Boettger, Masashi Hazumi, Blake D. Sherwin, Colin Ross, Christian L. Reichardt, Kaori Hattori, H. Morii, Scott Chapman, Suguru Takada, Y. Hori, Yuki Inoue, Zmuidzinas, J, Holland, WS, Arnold, K, Stebor, N, Ade, P, Akiba, Y, Anthony, A, Atlas, M, Barron, D, Bender, A, Boettger, D, Borrill, J, Chapman, S, Chinone, Y, Cukierman, A, Dobbs, M, Elleflot, T, Errard, J, Fabbian, G, Feng, C, Gilbert, A, Goeckner-Wald, N, Halverson, N, Hasegawa, M, Hattori, K, Hazumi, M, Holzapfel, W, Hori, Y, Inoue, Y, Jaehnig, G, Jaffe, A, Katayama, N, Keating, B, Kermish, Z, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Le Jeune, M, Lee, A, Leitch, E, Linder, E, Matsuda, F, Matsumura, T, Meng, X, Miller, N, Morii, H, Myers, M, Navaroli, M, Nishino, H, Okamura, T, Paar, H, Peloton, J, Poletti, D, Raum, C, Rebeiz, G, Reichardt, C, Richards, P, Ross, C, Rotermund, K, Schenck, D, Sherwin, B, Shirley, I, Sholl, M, Siritanasak, P, Smecher, G, Steinbach, B, Stompor, R, Suzuki, A, Suzuki, J, Takada, S, Takakura, S, Tomaru, T, Wilson, B, Yadav, A, Zahn, O, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Cosmic microwave background, Dark matter, Cosmic background radiation, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, cosmic background radiation, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, dark matter, neutrino, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, bolometer, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], inflation, dark energy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, detector: design, activity report, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Linear polarization, polarimeter, polarimeters, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, neutrinos, Astronomy, sensitivity, Dark energy, Baryon acoustic oscillations, photon: detector, Neutrino
Abstract

International audience; The Simons Array is an expansion of the POLARBEAR cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiment currently observing from the Atacama Desert in Northern Chile. This expansion will create an array of three 3.5m telescopes each coupled to a multichroic bolometric receiver. The Simons Array will have the sensitivity to produce a ≥ 5σ detection of inationary gravitational waves with a tensor-to-scalar ratio r ≥ 0:01, detect the known minimum 58 meV sum of the neutrino masses with 3σ confidence when combined with a next-generation baryon acoustic oscillation measurement, and make a lensing map of large-scale structure over the 80% of the sky available from its Chilean site. These goals require high sensitivity and the ability to extract the CMB signal from contaminating astrophysical foregrounds; these requirements are met by coupling the three high-throughput telescopes to novel multichroic lenslet-coupled pixels each measuring CMB photons in both linear polarization states over multiple spectral bands. We present the status of this instrument already under construction, and an analysis of its capabilities.

Published
2014

41. BICEP2/KECK ARRAY. VII. MATRIX BASEDE/BSEPARATION APPLIED TO BICEP2 AND THE KECK ARRAY

Author

Ki Won Yoon, Grant Teply, S. Fliescher, Z. K. Staniszewski, Roger O'Brient, Angiola Orlando, B. P. Crill, Howard Hui, R. V. Sudiwala, Calvin B. Netterfield, Donald V. Wiebe, J. E. Tolan, Brian Keating, W. L. K. Wu, Jake Connors, Steven J. Benton, S. R. Hildebrandt, R. W. Ogburn, C. L. Wong, John M Kovac, Kirit Karkare, J. Kang, H. T. Nguyen, J. Willmert, Kent D. Irwin, A. D. Turner, E. M. Leitch, S. A. Kernasovskiy, J. P. Kaufman, Lionel Duband, Gene C. Hilton, I. Buder, A. C. Weber, Victor Buza, Bryan Steinbach, R. Bowens-Rubin, Toshiya Namikawa, Colin A. Bischoff, J. A. Grayson, Kate D. Alexander, Jeffrey P. Filippini, Justus A. Brevik, C. Pryke, Chao-Lin Kuo, Carole Tucker, S. Richter, E. Karpel, James J. Bock, K. L. Thompson, Mark Halpern, C. D. Sheehy, Sarah M. Harrison, Denis Barkats, Zeeshan Ahmed, Cora Dvorkin, R. Schwarz, E. Bullock, S. Kefeli, Peter A. R. Ade, Abigail G. Vieregg, K. G. Megerian, Randol W. Aikin, and M. Lueker

Subjects
Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Pixel, Spatial filter, Linear polarization, media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, Spherical harmonics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Covariance, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Computational physics, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, 0103 physical sciences, Tensor, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, media_common
Abstract

A linear polarization field on the sphere can be uniquely decomposed into an E-mode and a B-mode component. These two components are analytically defined in terms of spin-2 spherical harmonics. Maps that contain filtered modes on a partial sky can also be decomposed into E-mode and B-mode components. However, the lack of full sky information prevents orthogonally separating these components using spherical harmonics. In this paper, we present a technique for decomposing an incomplete map into E and B-mode components using E and B eigenmodes of the pixel covariance in the observed map. This method is found to orthogonally define E and B in the presence of both partial sky coverage and spatial filtering. This method has been applied to the BICEP2 and the Keck Array maps and results in reducing E to B leakage from LCDM E-modes to a level corresponding to a tensor-to-scalar ratio of $r, 21 pages, 23 figures, minor updates to reflect accepted version

Published
2016

42. The bolometric focal plane array of the Polarbear CMB experiment

Author

S. Moyerman, Nathan Stebor, A. E. Anthony, N. W. Halverson, William F. Grainger, Kam Arnold, Zigmund Kermish, Josquin Errard, Radek Stompor, Praween Siritanasak, Masaya Hasegawa, Carole Tucker, P. Hyland, W. L. Holzapfel, Peter A. R. Ade, Meir Shimon, E. Linder, M. Sholl, Xiao Fan Meng, Tomotake Matsumura, Giulio Fabbian, E. Quealy, Aritoki Suzuki, Brian Keating, Julian Borrill, Yuji Chinone, Takayuki Tomaru, Paul L. Richards, D. Boettger, Matt Dobbs, A. Ghribi, Chase Owen Shimmin, Daniel Flanigan, Nate Miller, Andrew H. Jaffe, Colin Ross, Masashi Hazumi, Atsushi Shimizu, Frederick Matsuda, J. Howard, Bryan Steinbach, Michael J. Myers, Oliver Zahn, Haruki Nishino, H. Morii, Scott Chapman, Ted Kisner, Helmuth Spieler, Darcy Barron, M. Le Jeune, Christian L. Reichardt, Gary A. Fuller, Kaori Hattori, Marius Lungu, Hans P. Paar, Adrian T. Lee, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Cosmologie, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, POLARBEAR, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Lenslet, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, business.industry, Gravitational wave, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Polarization (waves), [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Cardinal point, Gravitational lens, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

International audience; The Polarbear Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization experiment is currently observing from the Atacama Desert in Northern Chile. It will characterize the expected B-mode polarization due to gravitational lensing of the CMB, and search for the possible B-mode signature of inflationary gravitational waves. Its 250 mK focal plane detector array consists of 1,274 polarization-sensitive antenna-coupled bolometers, each with an associated lithographed band-defining filter. Each detector's planar antenna structure is coupled to the telescope's optical system through a contacting dielectric lenslet, an architecture unique in current CMB experiments. We present the initial characterization of this focal plane.

Published
2012
Full Text
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43. The POLARBEAR CMB polarization experiment

Author

Matt Dobbs, N. W. Halverson, Paul L. Richards, Josquin Errard, M. J. Myers, D. Boettger, A. Ghribi, A. E. Anthony, Christian L. Reichardt, W. L. Holzapfel, Bryan Steinbach, Eric V. Linder, D. O'Dea, Chase Owen Shimmin, François Aubin, Adrian T. Lee, Kam Arnold, Christopher Cantalupo, Helmuth Spieler, Brian Keating, Julian Borrill, Roger O'Brient, Zigmund Kermish, Marius Lungu, Peter A. R. Ade, Daniel Flanigan, Theodore Kisner, P. Hyland, Radek Stompor, Huan Tran, Jonathon Howard, I. Schanning, Meir Shimon, A. Shimizu, H. Nishino, Tomotake Matsumura, Andrew H. Jaffe, Masashi Hazumi, Oliver Zahn, Aritoki Suzuki, E. Quealy, X. Meng, Nathan Miller, Takayuki Tomaru, Carole Tucker, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI)

Subjects
Physics, Gravitational wave, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Cosmic microwave background, Detector, Cosmic background radiation, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, 010309 optics, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Cardinal point, Gravitational lens, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

International audience; POLARBEAR is a Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization experiment that will search for evidence of inflationary gravitational waves and gravitational lensing in the polarization of the CMB. This proceeding presents an overview of the design of the instrument and the architecture of the focal plane, and shows some of the recent tests of detector performance and early data from the ongoing engineering run.

Published
2010

44. A MEASUREMENT OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUNDB-MODE POLARIZATION POWER SPECTRUM AT SUB-DEGREE SCALES WITH POLARBEAR

Author

Meir Shimon, S. Takakura, Tomotake Matsumura, J. Peloton, Radek Stompor, Tucker Elleflot, Daniel Flanigan, M. Atlas, Masashi Hazumi, Chang Feng, A. E. Anthony, Eric V. Linder, S. Moyerman, Oliver Zahn, Josquin Errard, Blake D. Sherwin, Nathan Stebor, Julian Borrill, Giulio Fabbian, I. Schanning, Hans P. Paar, D. Poletti, Gabriel M. Rebeiz, H. Morii, William F. Grainger, Y. Akiba, W. L. Holzapfel, Masaya Hasegawa, Scott Chapman, Yuji Chinone, M. Le Jeune, N. W. Halverson, Colin Ross, M. J. Myers, Paul L. Richards, Kam Arnold, Andrew H. Jaffe, Aritoki Suzuki, Brian Keating, Amit P. S. Yadav, Nathan J. Miller, G. Jaehnig, M. Navaroli, E. M. Leitch, Zigmund Kermish, A. J. Gilbert, Helmuth Spieler, A. Orlando, B. Wilson, D. Boettger, Praween Siritanasak, Chase Owen Shimmin, H. Nishino, Darcy Barron, Marius Lungu, M. A. Dobbs, Christian L. Reichardt, Kaori Hattori, X. Meng, D. E. Schenck, Takayuki Tomaru, E. Quealy, Graeme Smecher, J. Howard, Reijo Keskitalo, P. Hyland, Bryan Steinbach, Theodore Kisner, Y. Hori, Yuki Inoue, Frederick Matsuda, A. Shimizu, Adrian T. Lee, Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Advanced Fusion Research Center, Kyushu University-Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, RIKEN IFREQ, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Department of surgery and cancer - Faculty of medecine, Imperial College London, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Institute for Advanced Study [Princeton] (IAS), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kyushu University [Fukuoka]-Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Department of Geological Sciences [BYU], Brigham Young University (BYU), Dalhousie University [Halifax], Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Génotypage (CNG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), University of Auckland [Auckland], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo, Département de Physique Théorique, Université de Genève (UNIGE), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Science and Technology Facilities Council [2006-2012], Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
Cosmic microwave background, cosmic background radiation, Astrophysics, CMB, UPPER LIMIT, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, GHZ, cosmology: observations, large-scale structure of universe, MAPS, TEMPERATURE, 20 GHZ, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, ANGULAR SCALE, media_common, CALIBRATION, 0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, BEAMS, GRAVITY-WAVES, Physical Sciences, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, astro-ph.CO, SUBMILLIMETER, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic background radiation, FOS: Physical sciences, Lambda-CDM model, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Inflation (cosmology), Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Universe, Gravitational lens, Space and Planetary Science, PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS, High Energy Physics::Experiment, EMISSION, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], astro-ph.IM
Abstract

We report a measurement of the B-mode polarization power spectrum in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) using the POLARBEAR experiment in Chile. The faint B-mode polarization signature carries information about the Universe's entire history of gravitational structure formation, and the cosmic inflation that may have occurred in the very early Universe. Our measurement covers the angular multipole range 500 < l < 2100 and is based on observations of an effective sky area of 25 square degrees with 3.5 arcmin resolution at 150 GHz. On these angular scales, gravitational lensing of the CMB by intervening structure in the Universe is expected to be the dominant source of B-mode polarization. Including both systematic and statistical uncertainties, the hypothesis of no B-mode polarization power from gravitational lensing is rejected at 97.1% confidence. The band powers are consistent with the standard cosmological model. Fitting a single lensing amplitude parameter A_BB to the measured band powers, A_BB = 1.12 +/- 0.61 (stat) +0.04/-0.12 (sys) +/- 0.07 (multi), where A_BB = 1 is the fiducial WMAP-9 LCDM value. In this expression, "stat" refers to the statistical uncertainty, "sys" to the systematic uncertainty associated with possible biases from the instrument and astrophysical foregrounds, and "multi" to the calibration uncertainties that have a multiplicative effect on the measured amplitude A_BB., 22 pages, 12 figures. v3 is updated to reflect the erratum published in ApJ 2017 848:73, which changed the rejection of the hypothesis of no B-mode polarization power from gravitational lensing from 97.2% to 97.1%

Published
2014

45. Thermal testing for cryogenic CMB instrument optical design

Author

David C. Goldfinger, Peter A. R. Ade, Zeeshan Ahmed, Mandana Amiri, Denis Barkats, Ritoban Basu Thakur, Dominic Beck, Colin A. Bischoff, James J. Bock, Victor Buza, James R. Cheshire, Jake Connors, James Cornelison, Michael Crumrine, Ari J. Cukierman, Edward V. Denison, Marion I. Dierickx, Lionel Duband, Miranda Eiben, Sofia Fatigoni, Jeff P. Filippini, Christos Giannakopoulos, Neil Goeckner-Wald, James A. Grayson, Paul K. Grimes, Grantland Hall, George Halal, Mark Halpern, Emma Hand, Sam A. Harrison, Shawn Henderson, Sergi R. Hildebrandt, Gene C. Hilton, Johannes Hubmayr, Howard Hui, Kent D. Irwin, Jae Hwan Kang, Kirit S. Karkare, Sinan Kefeli, John M. Kovac, Chao-Lin Kuo, King Lau, Erik M. Leitch, Amber Lennox, Tongtian Liu, Krikor G. Megerian, Lorenzo Minutolo, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Yuka Nakato, Toshiya Namikawa, Hien T. Nguyen, Roger O'Brient, Steven M. Palladino, Matthew Petroff, Thomas Prouvé, Clement L. Pryke, Benjamin Racine, Carl D. Reintsema, Maria Salatino, Alessandro Schillaci, Benjamin L. Schmitt, Baibhav Singari, Ahmed Soliman, Amanda G. Smith, Tyler St. Germaine, Bryan Steinbach, Rashmi V. Sudiwala, Keith L. Thompson, Calvin Tsai, Carole E. Tucker, Anthony D. Turner, Caterina Umiltà, Clara Verges, Abigail G. Vieregg, Albert K. Wandui, Alexis C. Weber, Don V. Wiebe, Justin Willmert, Wai Ling K. Wu, Hung-I Yang, Ki Won Yoon, Edward Young, Cyndia Yu, Lingzhen Zeng, Cheng Zhang, Silvia Zhang, Département des Systèmes Basses Températures (DSBT ), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service des Basses Températures (SBT ), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
Thermal Testing, Cryogenics, Polarization, Cosmic Microwave Background, FOS: Physical sciences, BICEP Array, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

Observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background rely on cryogenic instrumentation with cold detectors, readout, and optics providing the low noise performance and instrumental stability required to make more sensitive measurements. It is therefore critical to optimize all aspects of the cryogenic design to achieve the necessary performance, with low temperature components and acceptable system cooling requirements. In particular, we will focus on our use of thermal filters and cold optics, which reduce the thermal load passed along to the cryogenic stages. To test their performance, we have made a series of in situ measurements while integrating the third receiver for the BICEP Array telescope. In addition to characterizing the behavior of this receiver, these measurements continue to refine the models that are being used to inform design choices being made for future instruments., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, Proceedings of SPIE 2022

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