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2. Localization of type 1 diabetes susceptibility to the MHC class I genes HLA-B and HLA-A

Author

Nejentsev, Sergey, Howson, Joanna M. M., Walker, Neil M., Szeszko, Jeffrey, Field, Sarah F., Stevens, Helen E., Reynolds, Pamela, Hardy, Matthew, King, Erna, Masters, Jennifer, Hulme, John, Maier, Lisa M., Smyth, Deborah, Bailey, Rebecca, Cooper, Jason D., Ribas, Gloria, Campbell, R. Duncan, Clayton, David G., Todd, John A., Burton, Paul R., Cardon, Lon R., Craddock, Nick, Deloukas, Panos, Duncanson, Audrey, Kwiatkowski, Dominic P., McCarthy, Mark I., Ouwehand, Willem H., Samani, Nilesh J., Donnelly, Peter, Barrett, Jeffrey C., Davison, Dan, Easton, Doug, Evans, David, Leung, Hin-Tak, Marchini, Jonathan L., Morris, Andrew P., Spencer, Chris C. A., Tobin, Martin D., Attwood, Antony P., Boorman, James P., Cant, Barbara, Everson, Ursula, Hussey, Judith M., Jolley, Jennifer D., Knight, Alexandra S., Koch, Kerstin, Meech, Elizabeth, Nutland, Sarah, Prowse, Christopher V., Taylor, Niall C., Walters, Graham R., Watkins, Nicholas A., Winzer, Thilo, Jones, Richard W., McArdle, Wendy L., Ring, Susan M., Strachan, David P., Pembrey, Marcus, Breen, Gerome, St Clair, David, Caesar, Sian, Gordon-Smith, Katherine, Jones, Lisa, Fraser, Christine, Green, Elaine K., Grozeva, Detelina, Hamshere, Marian L., Holmans, Peter A., Jones, Ian R., Kirov, George, Moskvina, Valentina, Nikolov, Ivan, O'Donovan, Michael C., Owen, Michael J., Collier, David A., Elkin, Amanda, Farmer, Anne, Williamson, Richard, McGuffin, Peter, Young, Allan H., Nicol Ferrier, I., Ball, Stephen G., Balmforth, Anthony J., Barrett, Jennifer H., Bishop, D. Timothy, Iles, Mark M., Maqbool, Azhar, Yuldasheva, Nadira, Hall, Alistair S., Braund, Peter S., Dixon, Richard J., Mangino, Massimo, Stevens, Suzanne, Thompson, John R., Bredin, Francesca, Tremelling, Mark, Parkes, Miles, Drummond, Hazel, Lees, Charles W., Nimmo, Elaine R., Satsangi, Jack, Fisher, Sheila A., Forbes, Alastair, Lewis, Cathryn M., Onnie, Clive M., Prescott, Natalie J., Sanderson, Jeremy, Mathew, Christopher G., Barbour, Jamie, Khalid Mohiuddin, M., Todhunter, Catherine E., Mansfield, John C., Ahmad, Tariq, Cummings, Fraser R., Jewell, Derek P., Webster, John, Brown, Morris J., Lathrop, G. Mark, Connell, John, Dominiczak, Anna, Braga, Carolina A., Burke, Beverley, Dobson, Richard, Gungadoo, Johannie, Lee, Kate L., Munroe, Patricia B., Newhouse, Stephen J., Onipinla, Abiodun, Wallace, Chris, Xue, Mingzhan, Caulfield, Mark, Farrall, Martin, Barton, Anne, Bruce, Ian N., Donovan, Hannah, Eyre, Steve, Gilbert, Paul D., Hider, Samantha L., Hinks, Anne M., John, Sally L., Potter, Catherine, Silman, Alan J., Symmons, Deborah P. M., Thomson, Wendy, Worthington, Jane, Dunger, David B., Widmer, Barry, Frayling, Timothy M., Freathy, Rachel M., Lango, Hana, Perry, John R. B., Shields, Beverley M., Weedon, Michael N., Hattersley, Andrew T., Hitman, Graham A., Walker, Mark, Elliott, Kate S., Groves, Christopher J., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Rayner, Nigel W., Timpson, Nicholas J., Zeggini, Eleftheria, Newport, Melanie, Sirugo, Giorgio, Lyons, Emily, Vannberg, Fredrik, Hill, Adrian V. S., Bradbury, Linda A., Farrar, Claire, Pointon, Jennifer J., Wordsworth, Paul, Brown, Matthew A., Franklyn, Jayne A., Heward, Joanne M., Simmonds, Matthew J., Gough, Stephen C. L., Seal, Sheila, Stratton, Michael R., Rahman, Nazneen, Ban, Maria, Goris, An, Sawcer, Stephen J., Compston, Alastair, Conway, David, Jallow, Muminatou, Rockett, Kirk A., Bryan, Claire, Bumpstead, Suzannah J., Chaney, Amy, Downes, Kate, Ghori, Jilur, Gwilliam, Rhian, Hunt, Sarah E., Inouye, Michael, Keniry, Andrew, King, Emma, McGinnis, Ralph, Potter, Simon, Ravindrarajah, Rathi, Whittaker, Pamela, Withers, David, Cardin, Niall J., Ferreira, Teresa, Pereira-Gale, Joanne, Hallgrimsdottir, Ingeleif B., Howie, Bryan N., Su, Zhan, Ying Teo, Yik, Vukcevic, Damjan, Bentley, David, and Compston, Alistair

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): Sergey Nejentsev [1, 57]; Joanna M. M. Howson (corresponding author) [1, 57]; Neil M. Walker [1]; Jeffrey Szeszko [1]; Sarah F. Field [1]; Helen E. Stevens [1]; Pamela Reynolds [...]

Published
2007
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3. ARE YOU AGING YOUR SKIN?

Author

Bryan, Claire

Subjects
AGING prevention, SKIN care
Abstract

Part I. Discusses the dangers of using too many anti-aging products too often. Effects of acids contained in anti-aging remedies on the skin; Types of discomfort to watch out for when using products; Ways for soothing irritated skin; Strategies to consider when using anti-aging formulations.

Published
2000

4. Localization of type 1 diabetes susceptibility to the MHC class I genes HLA-B and HLA-A

Author

Nejentsev, Sergey, Howson, Joanna M. M., Walker, Neil M., Szeszko, Jeffrey, Field, Sarah F., Stevens, Helen E., Reynolds, Pamela, Hardy, Matthew, King, Erna, Masters, Jennifer, Hulme, John, Maier, Lisa M., Smyth, Deborah, Bailey, Rebecca, Cooper, Jason D., Ribas, Gloria, Campbell, R. Duncan, Clayton, David G., Todd, John A., Burton, Paul R., Cardon, Lon R., Craddock, Nick, Deloukas, Panos, Duncanson, Audrey, Kwiatkowski, Dominic P., McCarthy, Mark I., Ouwehand, Willem H., Samani, Nilesh J., Donnelly, Peter, Barrett, Jeffrey C., Davison, Dan, Easton, Doug, Evans, David, Leung, Hin-Tak, Marchini, Jonathan L., Morris, Andrew P., Spencer, Chris C. A., Tobin, Martin D., Attwood, Antony P., Boorman, James P., Cant, Barbara, Everson, Ursula, Hussey, Judith M., Jolley, Jennifer D., Knight, Alexandra S., Koch, Kerstin, Meech, Elizabeth, Nutland, Sarah, Prowse, Christopher V., Taylor, Niall C., Walters, Graham R., Watkins, Nicholas A., Winzer, Thilo, Jones, Richard W., McArdle, Wendy L., Ring, Susan M., Strachan, David P., Pembrey, Marcus, Breen, Gerome, St Clair, David, Caesar, Sian, Gordon-Smith, Katherine, Jones, Lisa, Fraser, Christine, Green, Elaine K., Grozeva, Detelina, Hamshere, Marian L., Holmans, Peter A., Jones, Ian R., Kirov, George, Moskvina, Valentina, Nikolov, Ivan, O’Donovan, Michael C., Owen, Michael J., Collier, David A., Elkin, Amanda, Farmer, Anne, Williamson, Richard, McGuffin, Peter, Young, Allan H., Nicol Ferrier, I., Ball, Stephen G., Balmforth, Anthony J., Barrett, Jennifer H., Bishop, D. Timothy, Iles, Mark M., Maqbool, Azhar, Yuldasheva, Nadira, Hall, Alistair S., Braund, Peter S., Dixon, Richard J., Mangino, Massimo, Stevens, Suzanne, Thompson, John R., Bredin, Francesca, Tremelling, Mark, Parkes, Miles, Drummond, Hazel, Lees, Charles W., Nimmo, Elaine R., Satsangi, Jack, Fisher, Sheila A., Forbes, Alastair, Lewis, Cathryn M., Onnie, Clive M., Prescott, Natalie J., Sanderson, Jeremy, Mathew, Christopher G., Barbour, Jamie, Khalid Mohiuddin, M., Todhunter, Catherine E., Mansfield, John C., Ahmad, Tariq, Cummings, Fraser R., Jewell, Derek P., Webster, John, Brown, Morris J., Lathrop, G. Mark, Connell, John, Dominiczak, Anna, Braga, Carolina A., Burke, Beverley, Dobson, Richard, Gungadoo, Johannie, Lee, Kate L., Munroe, Patricia B., Newhouse, Stephen J., Onipinla, Abiodun, Wallace, Chris, Xue, Mingzhan, Caulfield, Mark, Farrall, Martin, Barton, Anne, Bruce, Ian N., Donovan, Hannah, Eyre, Steve, Gilbert, Paul D., Hider, Samantha L., Hinks, Anne M., John, Sally L., Potter, Catherine, Silman, Alan J., Symmons, Deborah P. M., Thomson, Wendy, Worthington, Jane, Dunger, David B., Widmer, Barry, Frayling, Timothy M., Freathy, Rachel M., Lango, Hana, Perry, John R. B., Shields, Beverley M., Weedon, Michael N., Hattersley, Andrew T., Hitman, Graham A., Walker, Mark, Elliott, Kate S., Groves, Christopher J., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Rayner, Nigel W., Timpson, Nicholas J., Zeggini, Eleftheria, Newport, Melanie, Sirugo, Giorgio, Lyons, Emily, Vannberg, Fredrik, Hill, Adrian V. S., Bradbury, Linda A., Farrar, Claire, Pointon, Jennifer J., Wordsworth, Paul, Brown, Matthew A., Franklyn, Jayne A., Heward, Joanne M., Simmonds, Matthew J., Gough, Stephen C. L., Seal, Sheila, Stratton, Michael R., Rahman, Nazneen, Ban, Maria, Goris, An, Sawcer, Stephen J., Compston, Alastair, Conway, David, Jallow, Muminatou, Rockett, Kirk A., Bryan, Claire, Bumpstead, Suzannah J., Chaney, Amy, Downes, Kate, Ghori, Jilur, Gwilliam, Rhian, Hunt, Sarah E., Inouye, Michael, Keniry, Andrew, King, Emma, McGinnis, Ralph, Potter, Simon, Ravindrarajah, Rathi, Whittaker, Pamela, Withers, David, Cardin, Niall J., Ferreira, Teresa, Pereira-Gale, Joanne, Hallgrimsdóttir, Ingeleif B., Howie, Bryan N., Su, Zhan, Ying Teo, Yik, Vukcevic, Damjan, Bentley, David, Compston, Alistair, Nejentsev, Sergey, Howson, Joanna M. M., Walker, Neil M., Szeszko, Jeffrey, Field, Sarah F., Stevens, Helen E., Reynolds, Pamela, Hardy, Matthew, King, Erna, Masters, Jennifer, Hulme, John, Maier, Lisa M., Smyth, Deborah, Bailey, Rebecca, Cooper, Jason D., Ribas, Gloria, Campbell, R. Duncan, Clayton, David G., Todd, John A., Burton, Paul R., Cardon, Lon R., Craddock, Nick, Deloukas, Panos, Duncanson, Audrey, Kwiatkowski, Dominic P., McCarthy, Mark I., Ouwehand, Willem H., Samani, Nilesh J., Donnelly, Peter, Barrett, Jeffrey C., Davison, Dan, Easton, Doug, Evans, David, Leung, Hin-Tak, Marchini, Jonathan L., Morris, Andrew P., Spencer, Chris C. A., Tobin, Martin D., Attwood, Antony P., Boorman, James P., Cant, Barbara, Everson, Ursula, Hussey, Judith M., Jolley, Jennifer D., Knight, Alexandra S., Koch, Kerstin, Meech, Elizabeth, Nutland, Sarah, Prowse, Christopher V., Taylor, Niall C., Walters, Graham R., Watkins, Nicholas A., Winzer, Thilo, Jones, Richard W., McArdle, Wendy L., Ring, Susan M., Strachan, David P., Pembrey, Marcus, Breen, Gerome, St Clair, David, Caesar, Sian, Gordon-Smith, Katherine, Jones, Lisa, Fraser, Christine, Green, Elaine K., Grozeva, Detelina, Hamshere, Marian L., Holmans, Peter A., Jones, Ian R., Kirov, George, Moskvina, Valentina, Nikolov, Ivan, O’Donovan, Michael C., Owen, Michael J., Collier, David A., Elkin, Amanda, Farmer, Anne, Williamson, Richard, McGuffin, Peter, Young, Allan H., Nicol Ferrier, I., Ball, Stephen G., Balmforth, Anthony J., Barrett, Jennifer H., Bishop, D. Timothy, Iles, Mark M., Maqbool, Azhar, Yuldasheva, Nadira, Hall, Alistair S., Braund, Peter S., Dixon, Richard J., Mangino, Massimo, Stevens, Suzanne, Thompson, John R., Bredin, Francesca, Tremelling, Mark, Parkes, Miles, Drummond, Hazel, Lees, Charles W., Nimmo, Elaine R., Satsangi, Jack, Fisher, Sheila A., Forbes, Alastair, Lewis, Cathryn M., Onnie, Clive M., Prescott, Natalie J., Sanderson, Jeremy, Mathew, Christopher G., Barbour, Jamie, Khalid Mohiuddin, M., Todhunter, Catherine E., Mansfield, John C., Ahmad, Tariq, Cummings, Fraser R., Jewell, Derek P., Webster, John, Brown, Morris J., Lathrop, G. Mark, Connell, John, Dominiczak, Anna, Braga, Carolina A., Burke, Beverley, Dobson, Richard, Gungadoo, Johannie, Lee, Kate L., Munroe, Patricia B., Newhouse, Stephen J., Onipinla, Abiodun, Wallace, Chris, Xue, Mingzhan, Caulfield, Mark, Farrall, Martin, Barton, Anne, Bruce, Ian N., Donovan, Hannah, Eyre, Steve, Gilbert, Paul D., Hider, Samantha L., Hinks, Anne M., John, Sally L., Potter, Catherine, Silman, Alan J., Symmons, Deborah P. M., Thomson, Wendy, Worthington, Jane, Dunger, David B., Widmer, Barry, Frayling, Timothy M., Freathy, Rachel M., Lango, Hana, Perry, John R. B., Shields, Beverley M., Weedon, Michael N., Hattersley, Andrew T., Hitman, Graham A., Walker, Mark, Elliott, Kate S., Groves, Christopher J., Lindgren, Cecilia M., Rayner, Nigel W., Timpson, Nicholas J., Zeggini, Eleftheria, Newport, Melanie, Sirugo, Giorgio, Lyons, Emily, Vannberg, Fredrik, Hill, Adrian V. S., Bradbury, Linda A., Farrar, Claire, Pointon, Jennifer J., Wordsworth, Paul, Brown, Matthew A., Franklyn, Jayne A., Heward, Joanne M., Simmonds, Matthew J., Gough, Stephen C. L., Seal, Sheila, Stratton, Michael R., Rahman, Nazneen, Ban, Maria, Goris, An, Sawcer, Stephen J., Compston, Alastair, Conway, David, Jallow, Muminatou, Rockett, Kirk A., Bryan, Claire, Bumpstead, Suzannah J., Chaney, Amy, Downes, Kate, Ghori, Jilur, Gwilliam, Rhian, Hunt, Sarah E., Inouye, Michael, Keniry, Andrew, King, Emma, McGinnis, Ralph, Potter, Simon, Ravindrarajah, Rathi, Whittaker, Pamela, Withers, David, Cardin, Niall J., Ferreira, Teresa, Pereira-Gale, Joanne, Hallgrimsdóttir, Ingeleif B., Howie, Bryan N., Su, Zhan, Ying Teo, Yik, Vukcevic, Damjan, Bentley, David, and Compston, Alistair

Abstract

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6 is associated with susceptibility to more common diseases than any other region of the human genome, including almost all disorders classified as autoimmune. In type 1 diabetes the major genetic susceptibility determinants have been mapped to the MHC class II genes HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DRB1 (refs 1-3), but these genes cannot completely explain the association between type 1 diabetes and the MHC region. Owing to the region's extreme gene density, the multiplicity of disease-associated alleles, strong associations between alleles, limited genotyping capability, and inadequate statistical approaches and sample sizes, which, and how many, loci within the MHC determine susceptibility remains unclear. Here, in several large type 1 diabetes data sets, we analyse a combined total of 1,729 polymorphisms, and apply statistical methods - recursive partitioning and regression - to pinpoint disease susceptibility to the MHC class I genes HLA-B and HLA-A (risk ratios >1.5; Pcombined = 2.01 × 10-19 and 2.35 × 10-13, respectively) in addition to the established associations of the MHC class II genes. Other loci with smaller and/or rarer effects might also be involved, but to find these, future searches must take into account both the HLA class II and class I genes and use even larger samples. Taken together with previous studies, we conclude that MHC-class-I-mediated events, principally involving HLA-B*39, contribute to the aetiology of type 1 diabetes. ©2007 Nature Publishing Group.

5. Sequence variants in the autophagy gene IRGM and multiple other replicating loci contribute to Crohn's disease susceptibility.

Author

Parkes M, Barrett JC, Prescott NJ, Tremelling M, Anderson CA, Fisher SA, Roberts RG, Nimmo ER, Cummings FR, Soars D, Drummond H, Lees CW, Khawaja SA, Bagnall R, Burke DA, Todhunter CE, Ahmad T, Onnie CM, McArdle W, Strachan D, Bethel G, Bryan C, Lewis CM, Deloukas P, Forbes A, Sanderson J, Jewell DP, Satsangi J, Mansfield JC, Cardon L, and Mathew CG

Subjects
Animals, Case-Control Studies, Humans, Mice, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Autophagy genetics, Crohn Disease genetics, GTP-Binding Proteins genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Variation
Abstract

A genome-wide association scan in individuals with Crohn's disease by the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium detected strong association at four novel loci. We tested 37 SNPs from these and other loci for association in an independent case-control sample. We obtained replication for the autophagy-inducing IRGM gene on chromosome 5q33.1 (replication P = 6.6 x 10(-4), combined P = 2.1 x 10(-10)) and for nine other loci, including NKX2-3, PTPN2 and gene deserts on chromosomes 1q and 5p13.

Published
2007
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