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Objective: The purpose of this article is to describe BPPV in COVID-19 patients by discussing the possible mechanisms underlying the onset of this vertigo. Methods: We studied eight patients (4 F, 4 M, aged between 44 and 69 years) with COVID-19 infections complaining of vertigo. Patients were evaluated at the end of infection with an accurate clinical history, and the investigation of spontaneous, positional and positioning nystagmus. Results: The vestibular findings showed benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) in all the patients. Three patients had a mild phenotype of the COVID infection, whereas five subjects were hospitalized for the COVID infection and in three cases intensive care was required. Vestibular evaluation showed an involvement of posterior semicircular canals in five patients and horizontal in three. Three patients were treated with the Epley maneuver, two with Semont, one with Lempert and two with Gufoni maneuvers. Conclusions: We hypothesize that BPPV in COVID-19 infections can be relate to drugs, prolonged bed rest and to direct damage by viral infection on the peripheral vestibular system and in particular on the otolitic membrane due to the cytopathic effect of the virus and to the inflammatory response. Studies on large series of patients are needed to confirm our preliminary observation and to better evaluate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying BPPV in these patients.

Abstract Objectives Tinnitus is a common symptom largely impactful on quality of life, especially in the elderly. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of self‐administered screening tests to correlate the severity of subjective perception of tinnitus with emotional disorders and the overall cognitive status. Methods Patients aged ≥ 55 years with chronic tinnitus were recruited and submitted to a complete audiological evaluation; Tinnitus Handicap inventory (THI); Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS‐A and HADS‐D) and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). Demographic and audiological features of patients with and without cognitive impairment (MMSE score cut‐off of 24/30) were analyzed in order to reveal the relationship among tinnitus, emotional disorders, and cognitive dysfunction. Results 102 patients were recruited (mean age: 70.4 ± 9.6). THI score was directly related to HADS‐A score (r = .63) HADS‐D score (r = .66), whereas there was no relationship between tinnitus severity and MMSE (r = .13). CI and n‐CI groups did not differ in the characteristics of tinnitus (p > .05), however, hearing threshold (p = .049) and anxious depressive traits measured with HADS‐A (p = .044) and HADS‐D (p = .016) were significantly higher in the group with cognitive impairment. Furthermore, age ≥ 75 years (p = .002, OR = 13.8), female sex (p = .032; OR = 6.5), severe hearing loss (p = .036; OR = 2.3), and anxiety (p = .029; OR = 9.2) resulted risk factors for CI. Therefore, in CI group MMSE score was inversely related to age (r = −.84). Conclusions Cognitive impairment and psychiatric discomfort should be considered in tinnitus patients, related to increasing age, female sex, and severe hearing loss. Thus, self‐administered questionnaires can be useful in addressing clinical approach.

Anthracocystis panici-leucophaei, causal agent of smut on Digitaria insularis (sourgrass), was evaluated as a biological control agent for this weed. Two types of inocula (teliospore and sporidia) were tested to assess its infectivity. The effects of teliospore and sporidia inoculations at different phenological stages of sourgrass were compared, as well as the potential of sporidia and teliospores in post-emergence sourgrass management. Virulence tests were conducted with the isolates obtained from D. insularis and evaluation of specificity of A. panici-leucophaei. Both teliospores and sporidia of A. panici-leucophaei are infective to D. insularis in three different phenological stages. Newly emerged plants with one pair of leaves are more sensitive to A. panici-leucophaei. Infection by A. panici-leucophaei inhibits the growth of sourgrass, decreasing several physiological parameters of D. insularis plants. The fungus produces systematic infection of sourgrass plants and may induce the formation of sori in a significant proportion of the plant panicles, partly castrating those plants. Among sixteen A. panici-peucophaei isolates tested, isolate 46 was the most virulent and inhibited the growth of sourgrass plants, and thus appears to have good potential as a biological control agent to be deployed against sourgrass. A. panici-leucophaei was demonstrated to be specific to D. insularis.

This study describes the anthropometric measurements and somatotype of the elite female futsal players from Brazil in 2021 and analyse the changes and trends over time in these physical characteristics. Data were collected from the 396 female futsal players, of whom; 169 players were assessed in 2021 then compared to those assessed in 2001 (n=112) and 2011 (n-115). Anthropometric measurements, including body weight, height, breadths, girths, and skinfolds were assessed. The somatotype was calculated and graphically represented. The changes between 2021 and the previous years were analysed using ANOVA and multiple linear regression. A jointpoint regression was performed to verify the annual percentage change. The comparison between 2021 data versus the other time points showed a higher age and lower fat content (2001: 22.7 ± 5.1 BF%; 2011: 22.2 ± 5.2 BF%; 2021: 19.0 ± 5.1 BF%). Players from 2021 had higher tensed arm and relaxed calf girths. All the positions, excluding pivots, significantly decreased their body fat units between 2021 and 2001 (goalkeeper: b=-4.49; defender: b=-2.78; winger: b=-4.48). Over the last 20 years, body fat reduced, and tensed arm and relaxed calf girths increased, suggesting an increase in fat-free mass content from the limbs.

Os temas morte e morrer são ainda pouco discutidos, posto que, atualmente, vive-se em um contexto sócio histórico caracterizado pela negação e a tentativa de distanciamento da morte. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar o enfrentamento da morte de pacientes por profissionais da Psicologia no âmbito hospitalar, bem como analisar o contato prévio com o tema durante a formação acadêmica. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de um questionário on-line, composto por doze questões. A partir dos resultados da pesquisa foi possível concluir que a maioria dos participantes se sentem preparados para lidar com a morte de pacientes. No entanto, evidenciou-se a necessidade de uma maior inclusão do tema nas grades curriculares dos cursos de formação acadêmica em Psicologia.

In this paper, we present a new Carleman estimate for the adjoint equations associated to a class of super strong degenerate parabolic linear problems. Our approach considers a standard geometric imposition on the control domain, which can not be removed in general. Additionally, we also apply the aforementioned main inequality in order to investigate the null controllability of two nonlinear parabolic systems. The first application is concerned a global null controllability result obtained for some semilinear equations, relying on a fixed point argument. In the second one, a local null controllability for some equations with nonlocal terms is also achieved, by using an inverse function theorem.

Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) is an ecological alternative to chemical soil fumigation. However, little is known about the potential of this technique for the management of Meloidogyne javanica and Stromatinia cepivora. To test the hypothesis that ASD reduces the viability of these two pathogens, we assessed ethanol (5%, v:v) and sucrose (5%, m:v) as carbon sources for ASD, for an incubation period of three weeks. Twenty kilograms of soil naturally infested with M. javanica (82 ± 43 J2 100 cm-3 soil) were placed into a plastic container. Polyester traps, each with 15 S. cepivora sclerotia, were buried at 10 and 20 cm depth per container. ASD with diluted ethanol or sucrose (5% v:v or m:v) was compared to the untreated control (UTC), chemical fumigant metam sodium (MS), and soil saturation with water. In comparison to the UTC, ASD using ethanol reduced the numbers of J2 in soil and the galls in tomato roots by more than 93%, a degree of suppression similar to that achieved when using MS. The viability of sclerotia of S. cepivora was reduced by ASD using ethanol or sucrose from 38.12 to 58.1% compared to the UTC. ASD for three weeks using ethanol or sucrose (5%) reduces the viability of M. javanica and S. cepivora in the microcosm.

Resumo: o objetivo do estudo é analisar a utilização da tecnologia como forma de estudo da harmonia nas aulas de música. Foi utilizado o método de pesquisa bibliográfica, com os seguintes descritores “harmonia”, “rock” e “clichês harmônicos”, analisados dentro do google acadêmico, com período de 1990 a 2021, com bibliografia em português e inglês. A seguir, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória, com o uso dos sites songdata.io e songsterr.com, de modo que conseguiu-se estabelecer a tonalidade de todas músicas compostas pela banda Iron Maiden. Os resultados demonstram que existem poucos estudos com a temática pesquisada em periódicos, havendo apenas 5 estudos selecionados, os quais demonstram possibilidades de estudo dos clichês harmônicos aplicados ao estudo da guitarra elétrica. Por último, a discografia da banda Iron Maiden foi analisada, com 17 álbuns, 162 músicas, com 33,3% das músicas na tonalidade de E menor e destas, 83,3% possuem o clichê harmônico I-VI-VII.

A chemoenzymatic approach for the synthesis of Alpha-N-heterocyclic ethyl- and phenylacetamides, levetiracetam analogs, is described. Eight nitrile substrates were prepared through the N-alkylation of heterocycles (2-pyrrolidinone, 2-piperidinone, 2-oxopiperazine and 1-methylpiperazine) directly from hydroxyl group of ethyl and phenyl Alpha-hydroxynitriles with yield of 35-71% after 12 h. Twenty nitrile hydratases (NHases) were screened and showed that the N-derivatives lactam substrates led to their correspondent amides by Co-type NHase with conversion and enantiomeric excess of up to 47.5 and 52.3% for (S)-enantiomer, while the piperazine substrates underwent spontaneous decomposition by retro-Strecker reaction. In order to avoid a retro-Strecker reaction of Alpha-aminonitriles, ionic liquids and polyethylene glycol (PEG400) were evaluated as alternative green solvents to aqueous buffered solutions in different proportions. Temperature was another parameter investigated during reaction-medium engineering for process optimization. However, unconventional reaction media and low temperature significantly reduced the NHase activity. The absolute configuration of Alpha-N-heterocyclic ethyl- and phenylacetamides, some of which were new compounds, was determined using electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy. Additionally, their potential as cholinesterases inhibitors was evaluated.

Iron deficiency is one of the main causes of anemia in the world, especially in children and women, so food fortification through microencapsulation is a viable alternative to combat this deficiency. The present work aimed to encapsulate iron in a water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion (W1/O/W2), which was formed with whey protein isolate and polyglycerol polyricinoleate as the emulsifying agents, tara gum as a thickening agent, and sucrose as an osmotic active substance. The double emulsion formed with 12% whey protein isolate, 0.8% tara gum, and 2% sucrose presented high encapsulation efficiency (96.95 ± 1.00%) and good stability (up to 7 days). Additionally, after the in vitro gastrointestinal simulations, the bioaccessibility was high for adults (49.54 ± 5.50%) and infants (39.71 ± 2.33%). Finally, the study show that double emulsions can form stable systems with high iron bioaccessibility even in infant gastric systems, which indicates the possibility of using double emulsions to fortify food with iron.

Abstract Congenital clubfoot is one of the most common deformities at birth. The inadequacy or absence of treatment causes serious limitations for people with this condition. The initial treatment using the Ponseti method ensures functional results superior to other treatment modalities previously proposed. However, recurrences and neglected feet are still a challenge today. An understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease, as well as of the anatomy and local biomechanics and a thorough clinical and radiological evaluation of patients are essential to understanding the limits of the method and choosing the best treatment.

ABSTRACT: Here we show that selected nutritional feed additives reduce the adverse effects of transport stress on the immune system and hematology of tambaqui. We formulated a control diet to contain normal dietary levels of vitamin E (21.6 mg/ kg diet) and C (143 mg/kg), then we added supra levels of these vitamins (vit E – 264 mg/kg and vit C – 1000 mg/kg) to a second diet. Finally, a third diet was produced to contain similar levels of vitamins from diet 2 with 0.1% beta-glucan supplementation. Four hundred thirty-two tambaquis (20.91 g ± 0.27 g) were randomly assigned to 12 aquaria and fed the diets for 15 days; then, all fish were transported for five h and then returned to the aquaria. Blood samples were collected before and after the transport and at the end of the trial (60 days). Transportation significantly increased blood glucose that returned to baseline levels at the end of the trial. However, cortisol seemed to be unresponsive to the stress. Surprisingly, the stress significantly increased the immunoglobulin level after transport. Additionally, the transport markedly reduced the red blood cell count and leukocyte and lymphocytes counts while increasing the control group's neutrophil number. These effects lasted until the end of the trial in the control group. Supra levels of the vitamins and glucan supplementation prevented the decrease in red blood cell and leukocyte count after the stress. Additionally, beta-glucan supplementation induced lower cortisol levels in all the sampling points. However, the effect on the immune parameters was limited, increasing only the lysozyme activity and serum protein levels in the beta-glucan supplemented group and the group fed only the supra levels of vitamins, respectively. In sum, our results indicated that transport for five h induced a limited effect on stress biomarkers. The use of supra levels of antioxidant vitamins alone or in combination with beta-glucan could restore or prevent the adverse effects of stress on hematology and the immune system.

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo comparar o conhecimento de pacientes e acompanhantes sobre a terapia nutricional enteral (TNE). Trata-se de estudo descritivo, prospectivo, de delineamento quantitativo, desenvolvido em hospital universitário do interior do Estado de São Paulo. A população foi composta por 13 pacientes hospitalizados e 47 acompanhantes, entrevistados ao longo de 7 meses. Dados referentes à assistência médica, nutricional e de enfermagem foram verificados no Prontuário Eletrônico do Paciente. Dados acerca da TNE do paciente foram obtidos por meio do questionário estruturado, baseado nos requisitos mínimos da assistência em TNE da RDC Nº 503 e compilados para o estudo. A análise estatística utilizou média e desvio padrão, mediana e percentil 25-75 e número de casos e porcentagem. Para comparar proporções e concordâncias das respostas, foram utilizados os testes qui-quadrado e concordância de Kappa. Verificou-se para pacientes e acompanhantes: menores frequências de acertos em relação ao estado nutricional, teste de posicionamento da sonda, tipo/quantidade de dieta prescrita, higienização das mãos, prevenção de distensão/diarreia/constipação e diferentes respostas sobre avaliação do peso corporal e conhecimento da posição da cama para alimentação e hidratação. Conclui-se que o conhecimento dos pacientes e acompanhantes sobre a TNE mostrou-se insuficiente para promover a segurança do paciente. As informações dos acompanhantes, com poucas diferenças, são semelhantes e concordantes com as dos pacientes.

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of our study is to evaluate intraobserver and interobserver reliability of modified Waldenström classification system for Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease and assess the influence of the professional’s area of expertise in the assessment. Methods: Twelve evaluators assessed 40 pairs of pelvic radiographs of patients with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. After two weeks, a new evaluation was performed by the same evaluators. Kappa and Kendall’s W indexes were used to evaluate both intraobserver and interobserver reliability and determine the influence of the evaluators’ experience and area of expertise. Results: The average intraobserver kappa value was 0.394, with a reasonable agreement level. The interobserver Kappa value was 0.243 in the first evaluation (95% CI, 0.227-0.259 and p < 0.0001) and 0.245 in the second evaluation (95% CI, 0.229-0.260 and p < 0.0001). The Kendall’s W values obtained for pediatric orthopedists, radiologists and resident physicians were 0.686, 0.630 and 0.529 (p < 0.0001), respectively. Conclusion: The modified Waldenström classification presented both moderate and reasonable levels of intraobserver agreement, and reasonable level of interobserver agreement. The evaluators’ degree of experience and area of expertise influenced the concordance level found. Level of Evidence II, Diagnostic Studies - Investigating a Diagnostic Test.

Slender amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is considered a weedy species of difficult management and of great importance for agriculture. The objective of this work was to evaluate the phytotoxic activity of a extract filtrate produced by Cercospora brachiata, a foliar pathogen of A. viridis, on seed germination and development of slender amaranth, sorghum and cucumber plants. The fungus was cultivated in liquid culture media and the fungus extract obtained from the ethyl acetate extraction was concentrated and tested for phytotoxic activity on slender amaranth, sorghum and cucumber seeds and plants. For the seed test, 20 seeds of each species were transferred to Petri dishes containing germination paper soaked with 3 mL of each treatment: T1 (extract fungus + dimethylsulfoxide (CH₃) ₂SO), T2 (dimethylsulfoxide (CH₃) ₂SO) (white) and T3 (sterile water). For the plant experiment the same treatments described above were used, plus 0.05% Tween 80 (m v -1). Each plot contained one plant of each species per pot, five replicates and different phenological stages (2, 4 and 6 leaves). At each stage 3 applications of 3 mL planta-1 were made at 3 days intervals. The fungal extract of C. brachiata totally inhibited the germination of A. viridis seeds. Metabolites of C. brachiata show pronounced inhibitory activity on the growth of A. viridis plants and did not affect any physiological parameters for both cucumber and sorghum. Long chain acids and fatty acid esters were identified from the culture filtrate of C. brachiata.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the complications in patients with severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis treated with the Dunn or modified Dunn procedure from 2012 to 2018 at the Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo. Methods: Analysis of medical records, preoperative and postoperative radiographs with at least one year of radiographic follow-up of patients with severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Results: We reviewed the complications in 19 operated cases from 2012 to 2018, out of which 36.8% had osteonecrosis of the femoral head, one patient had chondrolysis, and another had postoperative infection. Conclusion: The osteonecrosis rate observed in this series of cases is similar to that described in other orthopedic facilities. We assessed factors that could potentially influence this outcome, including other characteristics of the patient (obesity, endocrine diseases, and history of sports activities) and of the health system. Level of Evidence III, Restropective Case Series.

Brazilian spotted fever (BSF) is the most important tick-borne diseases affecting humans in Brazil. Cases of BSF have recently been reported in the Goiás state, midwestern Brazil. All cases have been confirmed by reference laboratories by seroconversion to Rickettsia rickettsii antigens. Because serological cross-reactions among different rickettsial species that belong to the spotted fever group (SFG) are common, the agent responsible for BSF cases in Goiás remains unknown. From March 2020 to April 2022, ticks and plasma were collected from dogs, horses and capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), and from the vegetation in an area where BSF cases have been reported and two areas under epidemiological surveillance in Goiás. Horses were infested by Amblyomma sculptum, Dermacentor nitens and Rhipicephalus microplus; dogs by Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.), Amblyomma ovale and A. sculptum, and capybaras by A. sculptum and Amblyomma dubitatum. Adults of A. sculptum, A. dubitatum, Amblyomma rotundatum and immature stages of A. sculptum and A. dubitatum, and Amblyomma spp. were collected from the vegetation. DNA of Rickettsia that did not belong to the SFG was detected in A. dubitatum, which was identified by DNA sequencing as Rickettsia bellii. Seroreactivity to SFG and Rickettsia bellii antigens was detected in 25.4% (42/165) of dogs, 22.7% (10/44) of horses and 41.2% (7/17) of capybaras, with higher titers for R. bellii in dogs and capybaras. The seropositivity of animals to SFG Rickettsia spp. antigens demonstrates the circulation of SFG rickettsiae in the region. Further research is needed to fully determine the agent responsible for rickettsiosis cases in this area.

The application of biological products in agricultural crops has become increasingly prominent. The growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense has been used as an alternative to promote greater yield in maize crops. In the context of precision agriculture, interpreting geospatial data has allowed for monitoring the effect of the application of products that increase the yield of corn crops. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of Kriging techniques and spectral models through images in estimating the gain in yield of maize crop after applying A. brasilense. Analyses were carried out in two commercial areas treated with A. brasilense. The results revealed that models of yield prediction by Kriging with a high volume of training data estimated the yield gain with a root-mean-square error deviation (RMSE%), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE%), and R2 to be 6.67, 5.42, and 0.88, respectively. For spectral models with a low volume of training data, yield gain was estimated with RMSE%, MAPE%, and R2 to be 9.3, 7.71, and 0.80, respectively. The results demonstrate the potential to map the spatial distribution of productivity gains in corn crops following the application of A. brasilense.

The coffee plant is one of the main crops grown in Brazil. However, strategies to estimate its yield are questionable given the characteristics of this crop; in this context, robust techniques, such as those based on machine learning, may be an alternative. Thus, the aim of the present study was to estimate the yield of a coffee crop using multispectral images and machine learning algorithms. Yield data from a same study area in 2017, 2018 and 2019, Sentinel 2 images, Random Forest (RF) algorithms, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Neural Network (NN) and Linear Regression (LR) were used. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the absolute Pearson correlation and coefficient of determination values. The Sentinel 2 satellite images proved to be favorable in estimating coffee yield. Despite the low spatial resolution in estimating agricultural variables below the canopy, the presence of specific bands such as the red edge, mid infrared and the derived vegetation indices, act as a countermeasure. The results show that the blue band and green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI) exhibit greater correlation with yield. The NN algorithm performed best and was capable of estimating yield with 23% RMSE, 20% MAPE and R² 0.82 using 85% of the training and 15% of the validation data of the algorithm. The NN algorithm was also more accurate (27% RMSE) in predicting yield.

Os nematoides estão entre os mais importantes patógenos do café, causando perdas significativas de produtividade. A infecção do cafeeiro por nematoides pode comprometer o sistema radicular, induzindo a manifestação de sintomas reflexos na parte superior da planta. Além do mais, as deficiências nutricionais podem desencadear um aumento na predisposição do hospedeiro a vários outros patógenos. Assim, o monitoramento dos níveis nutricionais de plantas cultivadas em áreas predispostas à ocorrência de nematoides é fundamental. Neste estudo, foi avaliado o potencial de modelos empíricos para estimar os teores de macro e micronutrientes em uma área experimental de café infestada por nematoides, a partir de uma imagem multiespectral RapidEye. Para isso, análises laboratoriais foram realizadas para determinar as concentrações de macro e micronutrientes, bem como do nível de infestação por nematoides, em duas parcelas experimentais instaladas na região cafeeira de Monte Carmelo (MG). Verificou- -se que a correlação entre teor de nutrientes e concentração de nematoides no solo foi maior para Mg, S, Cu e Mn (coeficientes de correlação igual a 0,62, 0,51, 0,71 e 0,75, respectivamente), enquanto outros nutrientes como o Ca tiveram correlações mais altas com as bandas espectrais ou índices de vegetação superiores a 0,7, com todos os índices derivados das bandas espectrais de vermelho, vermelho distante e infravermelho próximo. Os modelos empíricos para a estimativa dos nutrientes foram produzidos a partir das bandas espectrais e índices de vegetação com correlações maiores que 0,5. A banda do vermelho limítrofe, posicionada em uma região espectral sensível a variações na vegetação, participou individualmente dos modelos para inferir as concentrações dos macronutrientes Mg e S e dos micronutrientes B, Cu, Fe e Mn, porém todos resultaram em coeficientes de calibração inferiores a 0,41. A banda do infravermelho próximo foi usada na estimativa dos teores de N, P e Na, com R2 igual a 0,25, 0,36 e 0,49, respectivamente. O NDVI participou da formulação do modelo de inferência do teor de Ca e resultou no maior R2 de calibração (0,61), embora o erro de validação tenha sido alto (13,56%). Os mapas coropléticos da distribuição espacial de Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn apresentaram uma configuração similar, evidenciando concentrações elevadas e quase homogêneas desses nutrientes em quase toda a área experimental. Os teores de Na e B foram diferentes nas duas parcelas que compõem a área experimental, enquanto K e S tiveram uma distribuição mais heterogênea. Os mapas de N e P refletem bem a deficiência desses nutrientes na totalidade da área, principalmente no conteúdo de P. Os modelos empíricos ajustados para a estimativa da maioria dos nutrientes foram consistentes com a condição de excesso ou deficiência nutricional na área experimental. Palavras chave: estimativa do teor de nutrientes; nematoides na cultura cafeeira; imagem multispectral RapidEye

Conventional methodology in the field for the sampling of coffee leaf rust, caused by Hemileia vastatrix, has proven to be impractical. This paper proposes a method for the early detection of this disease, which is the most significant pathogen of coffee plants worldwide, using multispectral images acquired using a Mapir Survey3W camera and an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). For this purpose, 160 coffee seedlings of the coffee cultivar ‘Mundo Novo’ were inoculated with urediniospores of H. vastatrix and compared with 160 control (non-inoculated) seedlings to determine the most favorable interval for distinguishing healthy and infected plants. The 320 seedlings were placed on a dark surface to perform the imaging flights. In vitro analyses of the physiological parameters of 20 specimens were then performed for each condition (inoculated/non-inoculated) to obtain the hyperspectral curves, and this process was repeated three times at 15, 30, and 45 days after inoculation (DAI). Based on the simulated hyperspectral curves, a discrepancy between the red and near-infrared (NIR) bands was identified at 15 DAI, with the inoculated plants showing greater absorption in the red band and a greater spectral response in the NIR band. Thus, multispectral images were able to distinguish H. vastatrix infection in coffee seedlings at an asymptomatic stage (15 DAI) using a support vector machines (SVM) algorithm. Detection accuracy was 80% and the Kappa index of agreement was moderate (0.6). The early detection of this pathogen in the field using low-cost technology can be an important tool for the monitoring of coffee leaf rust and, consequently, a more sustainable management of the pathogen, causing farmers to make applications of chemical fungicides only when necessary.

We aimed to characterize the age of onset of training, age at menarche, menstrual periodicity, and performance perception during the menstrual cycle and examined the impact of these reproductive variables on body composition, morphology, and body weight satisfaction in Brazilian elite futsal players. The study consisted of 115 female Brazilian elite futsal players from the top national teams. Data were collected during the twentieth Women’s Brazil Futsal Cup. Players were interviewed and self-reported their age of onset of training, age at menarche, menstrual periodicity, and the menstrual period, where they performed best. We also asked for what they considered to be their ideal body weight as well as information related to their training (i.e., volume and frequency). Subsequently, anthropometric measurements (i.e., body mass, height, circumferences, diameters, and skinfold thickness) were performed to estimate the body composition and determine morphological characteristics (e.g., somatotype). Fifty-nine (53.2%) players were postmenarche-trained and 52 (46.8%) were premenarche-trained. Eighteen (16.2%), 65 (58.6%), and 28 (25.2%) were classified as early, normal, and late menarche, respectively. Only 11 (9.6%) and 1 (0.9%) had irregular menstrual cycles and were amenorrheic, respectively. Seventy-three (69.5%), 23 (21.9%), and 9 (8.6%) reported that their game performance was the best at the follicular phase, menses, and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, respectively. No associations between the four reproductive-related variables were found. Postmenarche-trained players had significant lower age at menarche and higher percentage body fat. The somatotype profile registered lower ectomorphy rate for the postmenarche-trained participants after controlling for covariates. Early menarche group presented higher sum of six skinfold thickness and endomorphy rate compared to normal and late menarche groups. No differences were found when menstrual periodicity groups and best performance groups were compared, except for higher femur width in the regular menstrual cycle group compared to the irregular one. The association between body weight satisfaction and the four reproductive-related variables were not observed. Premenarche-trained Brazilian elite futsal players had the menarche later than the postmenarche-trained athletes. Most of the participants had menarche age classified as “normal,” presented “regular” menstrual cycles and perceived to perform better during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.

O cafeeiro apresenta suscetibilidade a várias doenças, no entanto, as de maior importância e agressividade são a ferrugem, causada pelo fungo Hemileia vastatrix e a cercosporiose, cujo agente etiológico é o fungo Cercospora coffeicola. Objetivou-se avaliar a incidência de cercosporiose e ferrugem em cafeeiro fertirrigado com doses de nitrogênio e potássio na região de Monte Carmelo-MG. O trabalho foi conduzido na Fazenda Juliana, município de Monte Carmelo-MG. O plantio da lavoura foi realizado em novembro de 2011, utilizando-se mudas da cultivar Topázio MG 1190. Os tratamentos constaram de cinco níveis de N e K2O, correspondentes a 30, 80, 130, 180 e 230% do recomendado para lavouras não irrigadas aplicados via fertirrigação. O parcelamento da adubação foi realizado em doze vezes iguais no ano, referente a uma fertirrigação por mês. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Cada parcela foi composta por 10 plantas, consideradas úteis as oito centrais. No período de março de 2015 a fevereiro de 2016, foi mensurado mensalmente a incidência da cercosporiose nas folhas e frutos e a incidência de ferrugem nas oito plantas úteis de cada parcela experimental. O nível de adubação de 30% do recomendado para lavouras cafeeiras favoreceu maior incidência de cercosporiose nos frutos. Os diferentes níveis de adubação não influenciaram na ocorrência da ferrugem ao longo do período avaliado.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o nível de atividade física, a percepção de barreiras para a prática e os estágios de mudança de comportamento em deficientes visuais de um município do interior do Paraná. Participaram deste estudo 40 indivíduos com deficiência visual (37,5% cegos e 62,5% com baixa visão), de ambos os sexos (57, 5% homens) com idade entre 21 e 69 anos (média de 39,52 anos; ± 17,58 para os homens e 39,88; ± 14,96 para as mulheres). Os participantes foram avaliados em apenas um momento, por meio de três questionários (percepção de barreiras para atividade física, Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) versão curta e estágios de mudança de comportamento). Conforme os resultados do IPAQ, mostra-se uma prevalência de 70% de inatividade física. As barreiras que mais se destacaram nos entrevistados foram “falta de incentivo da família e/ou amigos”, “limitações físicas” e “mau humor”. Em relação ao questionário de estágios de mudança de comportamento, 50% dos avaliados estão no estágio de preparação. O estudo conclui que o nível de atividade física em deficientes visuais é baixo e as principais causas podem ser motivacionais, falta de aptidão e psicológicas.

Herein, the extraction of bioactive compounds from umbu fruit peel was optimized using thermal-assisted solid–liquid extraction. In parallel, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and inhibitory effects against α-amylase of optimized extract were also evaluated. The combination of operational conditions including the temperature (32–74 °C), ethanol concentration (13–97%), and solid/liquid ratio (1:10–1:60; w/v) was employed using a rotational central composite design for optimization. The extracts were evaluated for total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC) and antioxidant capacity by ABTS•+, DPPH• and FRAP assays. The bioactive profile of the optimized extract was obtained by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry in electrospray ionization in both negative and positive modes. The statistically evaluated results showed that the optimal operational conditions for the recovery of bioactive compounds from umbu fruit peel included 74 °C, 37% ethanol, and a solid–liquid ratio of 1:38. Under these conditions, the obtained values were 1985 mg GAE/100 g, 1364 mg RE/100 g, 122 µmol TE/g, 174 µmol/TE g and 468 µmol Fe2+/g for TPC, TFC, ABTS•+, DPPH•, and FRAP assays, respectively. In addition, the optimized extract was effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (MBC ranged from 0.060 to 0.24 mg GAE/mL), as well as it was effective to inhibit α-amylase (IC50 value of 0.076 mg GAE/mL). The optimized extract showed to be mainly constituted by phenolic acids and flavonoids.

The article analyzes foreign influences on energy efficiency of such factors as raising the level of energy production from renewable sources and introducing smart technologies in power networks. Econometric analysis of experience in increasing energy efficiency of the United States, China, India, and Germany in comparison with Russia has been performed using a number of hypotheses to construct models. The necessity of transition to a new energy structure based on active introduction of energy efficient equipment, advanced energy and information and communication technologies, renewable energy sources, complex systems and services of intellectual energy built on an open network architecture is substantiated.

The aim of this study was to provide a descriptive analysis of the morphological structure, muscle strength, and anaerobic power performance of the upper limbs of wheelchair basketball athletes. Eleven male players (33.2 ± 10.6 years, 71.8 ± 15.8 kg) were submitted to anthropometric measurements and dynamometry (kg), medicine ball throwing (m) and wingate arm tests (W). he results showed sitting height (79.7 ± 4.6 cm), relative body fat (20.7 ± 7.6%), handgrip strength and explosive muscle strength (50.1 ± 10.6 kg and 3.9 ± 1.1 m, respectively), as well as peak power (316.8 ± 126.2 W), mean power (160.5 ± 76.5 W) and fatigue index (50.4%) lower than the performance of other wheelchair basketball athletes. he morphological characteristics and performance of athletes in the present study suggest disadvantages when compared to other wheelchair basketball athletes.

The aim was to compare two generations to verify the morphological changes in female futsal athletes. Age, years of playing, anthropometry measurements, percentage body fat and somatotype were compared between professional athletes in 2001 (n=112) and 2011 (n=115). The 2011 group revealed a significant longer practice time (9.0±4.3 vs. 5.7±3.5 years; p

Adverse weather conditions, or mechanical problems and decrease in the application rate, may increase the storage time of the spray solution in the sprayer tank. This study aimed to assess the effect of the phytosanitary spray solution storage on the germination of Beauveria bassiana conidia, with or without agricultural adjuvants. A completely randomized design was used, in a 13 x 5 factorial scheme, consisting of thirteen storage times (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44 and 48 h) and five compositions for the spray solution (B. bassiana, B. bassiana + Helper Neutrum, B. bassiana + TA-35, B. bassiana + Nimbus and B. bassiana + Orobor). The biological spray solution containing B. bassiana conidia and no adjuvants remained viable for use after preparation and the conidial germination decreased 9.2 times after 48 h when an adjuvant was added.

A murcha-de-curtobacterium, doença causada pela bactéria Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff), tem causado prejuízos na cultura do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) na região do Alto Paranaíba (MG). Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da microbiolização de sementes de feijoeiro com dez isolados de Bacillus sp. em condições de casa de vegetação. O tratamento de sementes com os isolados 1, 6, 7 e 10 reduziu a severidade da doença em comparação com a testemunha inoculada com Cff. A altura de plantas foi significativamente maior após o tratamento de sementes com o isolado 6 em comparação com a testemunha inoculada. Por outro lado, a microbiolização com nenhum isolado influenciou a biomassa das raízes e da parte aérea das plantas em comparação com plantas não tratadas e inoculadas com Cff. Novos estudos devem ser conduzidos em campo para comprovar o potencial dos isolados 1, 6, 7 e 10 no manejo da doença.

Avaliou-se o efeito alelopático dos extratos aquoso e etanólico de folhas de Canavalia ensiformis no controle em pós-emergência das espécies Conyza canadensis e Conyza bonariensis. Para isso, foram preparados extratos aquoso e etanólico nas concentrações: 10, 25, 50, 100 e 150 g.L-1. Para a avaliação do efeito alelopático, os extratos foram aplicados no estádio de dois e quatro pares de folhas e a plântulas avaliadas aos 10 dias após as pulverizações com auxílio de uma escala de notas da Sociedade Brasileira De Ciência Das Plantas Daninhas. Ao final do experimento foi quantificado a massa fresca e seca em gramas das repetições referentes ao respectivo tratamento. Para ambas as espécies de daninha o extrato aquoso se destacou. A concentração de 150 g.L-1 inibiu 94% o desenvolvimento de C. bonariensis e as concentrações de 100 g.L-1 e 150 g.L-1 inibiram 96% e 100%, respectivamente as plântulas de C. canadensis, enquanto que o extrato etanólico controlou apenas 50% o desenvolvimento de C. bonariensis na mesma concentração e para C. canadensis alcançou apenas 4% e 12% nas respectivas concentrações. As matérias fresca e seca decresceram à medida que se aumentaram as doses do extrato aquoso de folhas de C. ensiformis, para ambas as espécies.

Durante uma seleção de bactérias antagonistas realizada no Laboratório de Microbiologia e Fitopatologia da UFU, o isolado de Bacillus subtilis, BSV – 05 se destacou. Diante disso, objetivou-se no presente trabalho avaliar o potencial antagonístico in vitro deste isolado bacteriano contra quatro patógenos radiculares do feijoeiro: Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, Macrophomina phaseolina e Rhizoctonia solani. Foram utilizadas as seguintes metodologias in vitro versus os patógenos citados: cultivo pareado, influência da inoculação conjunta, produção de metabolitos voláteis e não voláteis. Os percentuais de inibição do isolado BSV – 05 sobre M. phaseolina, R. solani, F. solani, F. oxysporum, foram de 61,43%; 50,36%; 13,74% e 7,7%, respectivamente, para a metodologia do cultivo pareado. O contato direto da bactéria com os patógenos inibiu em 100% o crescimento micelial de M. phaseolina, R. solani; e para F. solani e F. oxysporum, foram observadas inibições de 90 e 92 %, respectivamente. Possíveis metabólitos secretados pelo isolado BSV 05 apresentaram níveis de inibição de 100% para R. solani. Para M. phaseolina, observou-se uma porcentagem de inibição de 80,26%, e 45,31% e 47,80% para F. solani e F. oxysporum, respectivamente. A porcentagem de inibição da germinação de conídios de F. solani e F. oxysporum e M. phaseolina num meio de cultura contendo substâncias metabolizadas por BSV – 05 foi de 87,70; 91,28% e 100%, respectivamente. O isolado bacteriano BSV-05 não apresentou produzir nenhum metabólito volátil.