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Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is a complex construct that reflects the interaction among well-being, socioeconomic, oral health status, and also contextual factors. This study aimed to verify the association between poorer socioeconomic background and oral health condition on OHRQoL throughout adolescence.A cohort study followed a random sample of 1134 participants aged 12 years in 2012 (T1), 770 adolescents with an average age of 14 years in 2014 (T2; retention rate, 67.9%), and 768 adolescents with an average age of 17.5 years in 2018 (T3; retention rate, 67.8%). OHRQoL was collected three times using the Brazilian short version of the Childhood Perception Questionnaire 11-14 (CPQ 11-14). At baseline, the adolescents were clinically assessed by dentists, and their demographic data, socioeconomic status, use of dental services, and toothache were evaluated. The mean income of the neighborhood was used as a proxy of contextual factors. This variable was obtained from an official municipal publication. Poisson multilevel regression analyses were performed using a hierarchical approach to assess the predictors of OHRQoL over time.Adolescents living in a neighborhood with low mean income, low household income, low education levels, girls, and nonwhite individuals reported poor OHRQoL. Clinical variables such as gingival bleeding and malocclusion were also associated with higher overall scores on CPQ11-14, indicating poor OHRQoL.Our results showed that the unfavorable contextual and individual socioeconomic environment, and oral disease negatively influenced OHRQoL during adolescence.

Objectives: To evaluate predictors for caries incidence on first permanent molars and to assess the accuracy and efficiency of these predictors for the indication of pit and fissure sealants.Methods: This 7-y cohort study started in 2010 with a sample of 639 children (1–5 years) from Southern Brazil. Dental caries was assessed using the ICDAS. Maternal education, family income, parental perception on child oral health and severe dental caries experience were collected at baseline and used to test the prediction of dental caries. Predictive values, accuracy and efficiency were estimated for each possible predictor.Results: About 449 children were re-assessed at follow-up (70.3% retention rate). Low family income and poor parental perception of child oral health were moderately accurate in correctly identifying sound children who would not need to receive pit and fissure sealant. However, all the adopted criteria have lower accuracy incorrectly identifying children who later developed dental caries in first permanent molars. Conclusions: Distal and intermediate factors were relatively accurate in determining caries risk incidence on children's first permanent molars. The criteria adopted were more accurate in identifying sound children than those who need to receive pit and fissure sealant.Clinical relevance: Our findings reinforce the idea that investing in strategies that take into account common risk factors still represents the best option for dental caries prevention. However, adopting only these parameters is not enough to indicate pit and fissure sealants.

A wide variety of dental ceramics is launched every year. Therefore, clinicians should constantly study and update themselves to correctly indicate these materials. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the association of dentists’ academic aspects with their knowledge and the indication of dental ceramics for metal-free restorations. All the dentists from private clinics who affirmed to perform prosthetic treatments on their patients in a Southern Brazilian city were personally invited to this research to avoid dropouts. Participants answered questions related to their knowledge of different dental materials, their information sources and usage frequency of ceramic materials, and related to their academic training/education. Chi-square tests were performed to evaluate the association among the outcomes (knowledge of different materials, information sources considered for material selection and their frequencies of use) and exposure variables (time since graduation and post-graduation degree). Significant associations were also submitted to Chi-square residual analysis. A response rate of 73.3% was reached. The most known and used materials were Y-TZP and porcelain veneered zirconia, respectively, whereas the least known was leucite-based ceramic. The majority of the professionals with at least 25 years since graduation claimed not to know lithium disilicate or leucite-based ceramics, and a significant number of these professionals allow the laboratory prostheses technician to choose the restorative material. In addition, most of dentists with no post-graduation said they did not have knowledge about leucite and lithium disilicate. It was evidenced that continuing education plays an important role in the dentists’ attitudes regarding ceramic materials. Keywords: Surveys and Questionnaires. Ceramics. Prosthodontics. ResumoUma grande variedade de cerâmicas é lançada no mercado a cada ano. Portanto, os clínicos devem se manter em constante estudo e atualização para indicar corretamente o uso desses materiais. Assim, este estudo transversal teve por objetivo avaliar a associação entre aspectos acadêmicos de dentistas com seus conhecimentos e as indicações de cerâmicas dentárias para uso em restaurações livres de metal. Para isso, todos os dentistas de clínicas privadas que afirmaram realizar tratamentos protéticos em seus pacientes em uma cidade do sul do Brasil foram pessoalmente convidados a participar desta pesquisa para evitar desistências. Os participantes responderam a questões relacionadas ao seu conhecimento sobre diferentes materiais dentários, suas fontes de informação, a frequência de uso de materiais cerâmicos, e, também, sobre sua formação acadêmica. Testes qui-quadrado foram realizados para avaliar a associação entre os desfechos (conhecimento de diferentes materiais, fontes de informação consideradas para a seleção do material e sua frequência de uso) e as variáveis de exposição (tempo desde a graduação e grau de pós-graduação). As associações significativas foram submetidas à análise de resíduos do qui-quadrado. A taxa de resposta obtida foi de 73,3%. O material mais conhecido e usado foi a Y-TZP e zircônia recoberta por porcelana, respectivamente, enquanto que o material menos conhecido foi a cerâmica a base de leucita. A maioria dos profissionais com pelo menos 25 desde a graduação afirmaram não conhecer as cerâmicas a base de dissilicato de lítio ou leucita, e um significativo número desses profissionais permitem que o técnico em prótese dentária escolha o material restaurador. Ainda, a maioria dos dentistas sem pós-graduação disseram não conhecer as cerâmicas a base de dissilicato de lítio ou leucita. Concluiu-se que a educação continuada é um fator determinante nas atitudes de dentistas em relação aos materiais cerâmicos. Palavras-chave: Pesquisas e Questionários. Cerâmicas, Prótese Dentária

Este estudo tem por objetivo verificar in vitro o efeito bactericida da laserterapia e da terapia fotodinâmica com laser de baixa potência (660 nm e 808 nm) em bactérias presentes nos canais radiculares. Métodos: foram preparadas 60 placas de Petri com bactérias: 20 placas com Enterococcus faecalis, 20 placas com Staphylococcus aureus e 20 com Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Aleatoriamente, dividiu-se cada grupo em 10 subgrupos (duas placas cada): três subgrupos tratados com laserterapia 660 nm em doses de 150, 225 e 300J/ cm², três subgrupos tratados com terapia fotodinâmica (azul de metileno 0,2% e laser 660 nm) em doses de 150, 225 e 300J/cm²; um subgrupo tratado com laserterapia 808 nm na dose de 225J/cm², um subgrupo com terapia fotodinâmica e laser 808 nm, em dose 225J/cm²; um subgrupo tratado apenas com fotossensibilizante (FS), e um não tratado (controle). Os tratados com laserterapia e terapia fotodinâmica foram irradiados uma única vez e incubados por 24 horas. Os últimos dois não receberam irradiação. As culturas foram analisadas visualmente para verificação do halo de inibição. Nos grupos submetidos somente à laserterapia, para o grupo FS e para o grupo controle, não foram observados halos de inibição, já onde houve aplicação da TFD, tanto com L1 quanto com L2, observaram-se halos de inibição em todas as espécies bacterianas estudadas. Conclui-se que a laserterapia, não produziu efeitos bactericidas e/ou bacteriostáticos, enquanto a terapia fotodinâmica nos dois comprimentos de onda produziu halos significativos de inibição de crescimento nas três bactérias do estudo.

Objectives Evaluate the moderating effect of the SOC in the relationship between racial discrimination and OHRQoL in scholars. Materials and Methods This is a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort performed in southern Brazil. OHRQoL was assessed using the short version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11–14. The perception of racial discrimination was measured using a question contained in the Bullying Questionnaire by Olweus, and SOC through the shortened version of the 13-item Sense of Coherence Scale. Sociodemographic and dental caries characteristics were also collected. A simple slop test and Poisson regression analysis were performed to test the interaction effects of the predictors on OHRQoL. The results are presented in Rate Ratio and 95% confidence interval. Results A total of 429 scholars were included in this study. About 6.7% reported had perceived racial discrimination. The simple slope test indicated that the negative effects of racial discrimination on OHRQoL were significant under different SOC levels. Among scholars who suffered racial discrimination, those who had higher SOC reported lower impact on OHRQoL (RR 0.70; 95%CI 0.55–0.89) when compared to those with low SOC. Conclusion SOC can be considered a moderating variable in the relationship between racial discrimination and OHRQoL. These findings highlight the potential importance of the SOC in reducing the harmful effects of racial discrimination on OHRQoL. Clinical Relevance: It is important that we present ways to minimize the impacts of racial discrimination in order to reduce the effects of these acts on different oral health outcomes throughout life.

A endodontia é a especialidade dentro da odontologia que se ocupa da prevenção, do diagnóstico e do tratamento de doenças ou lesões da polpa dental. Portanto, é imprescindível o conhecimento anatômico de cada elemento. É importante estar preparado para lidar com possíveis alterações anatômicas, já que 7,5% de pré-molares podem possuir três canais, número que vem crescendo ao longo dos anos. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar o caso de um tratamento endodôntico de um primeiro pré-molar superior com três canais radiculares, descrever a variação anatômica encontrada no primeiro pré-molar superior e discutir como se deve realizar o diagnóstico e o tratamento proposto para casos de primeiros pré-molares com três canais. O relato de caso clínico foi devidamente autorizado pelo paciente, e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Conclui-se que, para não haver a persistência de infecção no sistema de canais radiculares, são necessários a correta identificação e o tratamento. Assim, aumentam-se os índices de sucesso nos tratamentos endodônticos.

BACKGROUND There is an improvement in oral health status among people who receive preventive dental care during their lifetime, highlighting the possible effect in resolving oral health problems and consequently oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). AIM Assessed the effect of routine dental attendance on child OHRQoL. DESIGN This cohort study used baseline data from 639 preschoolers from 2010. After 7 years, 449 children were re-examined (70.3%). Mothers of the children completed a questionnaire collecting data on the pattern of use of dental services. Children were classified as adhering to long-term routine dental attendance according to their pattern of use (routine vs curative) in the baseline and in follow-up. The child OHRQoL was assessed through the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ8-10). The association between routine dental attendance and child OHRQoL was assessed using multilevel Poisson regression models. RESULTS The proportion of participants who reported the worst CPQ8-10 scores were higher among those who, at some point in their life, experienced a curative dental attendance. Also, the mean CPQ8-10 was two times higher for non-routine dental attendance. CONCLUSION The findings showed that there is an impact of long-term routine attendance on child OHRQoL. This is important for tackling oral health iniquities.

Objetivo: avaliar a associação do nível socioeconômico da família e o grau de conhecimento dos pais sobre saúde bucal e a experiência de cárie e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de escolares de 12 anos no município de Estação, RS. Métodos: a partir de um levantamento epidemiológico, 50 crianças (taxa de resposta: 81%) foram avaliadas por meio de exame clínico bucal, utilizando como critério de diagnóstico o índice de dentes permanentes cariados, perdidos e obturados (CPO-D), e entrevista estruturada, utilizando a versão brasileira reduzida do Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11-14 (CPQ 11-14), para medir o impacto das condições de saúde bucal na qualidade de vida. Os responsáveis responderam um questionário sobre condição socioeconômica da família, procura por atendimento odontológico e conhecimentos sobre saúde bucal. Foram considerados três desfechos distintos: experiência de cárie, presença de cárie não tratada e a severidade do CPQ 11-14. Resultados: a prevalência de cárie foi de 46%; desses, 24% possuíam pelo menos um dente com cavidade de cárie não tratada. A experiência de cárie e presença de lesões não tratadas foram associadas a fatores psicológicos, como a autopercepção em saúde bucal, e fatores socioeconômicos (possuir plano de saúde e tipo de serviço odontológico utilizado). Além disso, a autopercepção também se mostrou associada a fatores socioeconômicos e ao conhecimento dos pais sobre saúde bucal. Conclusão: fatores psicossociais, nível econômico da família e conhecimentos dos pais sobre saúde bucal estão associados à ocorrência de cárie e ao maior impacto na qualidade de vida em escolares.

To evaluate the impact of community and individual social capital during early childhood on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) over a 10-year follow-up period.A prospective cohort study was conducted in the southern Brazil. Baseline (T1) data collection occurred in 2010 with preschool children aged 1-5 years. Participants were assessed in 2012 (T2), 2017 (T3), and 2020 (T4). OHRQoL was assessed using the B-ECOHIS at T1 and T2 and through CPQ8-10 at T3 and CPQ11-14 at T4. Community social capital was evaluated through the presence of formal institutions in the neighbourhood and individual social capital by social networks, both at T1. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were also evaluated. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis was performed to estimate the impact of social capital measures on OHRQoL.Of the 639 children assessed at T1, 469 were followed at T2 (73.3% response rate), 449 at T3 (70.3% response rate), and 429 at T4 (67.1% response rate). Individuals living in neighbourhoods with the presence of social class associations at T1 had higher OHRQoL at T3 and T4. Individuals whose families visit friends and neighbours less than once a month or never at T1 had lower OHRQoL at T1, T3 and T4. Attending religious meetings less than once a month or never at T1 was associated with lower OHRQoL at T2 and T4.Social capital at the community level had a long-term effect on OHRQoL, especially during adolescence, while individual social capital levels impacted OHRQoL across the assessments.The findings indicate that psychosocial variables can impact OHRQoL, a fundamental aspect of clinical practice.

BACKGROUND Besides the growth in Brazilian public oral health investments, no pre-school children preventive policies were done, and surveys demonstrated lower prevalences of use of dental service. AIM To verify trends in the use, type, and reason for seeking dental services among pre-school children considering time variations. METHODS This study used data of clinical examinations and structured interviews of three cross-sectional surveys of southern pre-school children in Brazil, from 2008, 2010, and 2013. Chi-square test for trends and hierarchical age-period-cohort (HAPC) analysis using the multilevel Poisson regression model assessing the influence of social and clinical variables in the use, type, and reason for seeking dental services were performed. RESULTS A total of 1765 pre-school children participated in all surveys. At least, one time-related variation affected one of three assessed outcomes. There was no significant change in prevalence of the use of dental services (75.8%, 77.4%, and 74.9%, respectively, for each year; P = 0.750). In the HAPC analysis, younger children and from low socio-economic backgrounds were less likely to have visited the dentist. CONCLUSION The prevalence of use of oral health services did not change and socio-economic inequalities persisted through the years, indicating a need of reviewing the policies to promote public health.

The development of dental caries in first permanent molars has been extensively investigated. However, studies are inconclusive in determining the influence of contextual and individual factors on dental caries incidence in this group of teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of contextual and individual factors on dental caries incidence in first permanent molars. This 7-year cohort study was conducted with children (1–5 years of age) who had been assessed initially in a survey performed in 2010. Dental caries was assessed at the baseline through the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). Contextual and individual variables were collected at baseline and included the presence of cultural community centers in the neighborhood as well as demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and biological characteristics. A multilevel Poisson regression model was used to investigate the influence of individual and contextual characteristics on dental caries incidence in first permanent molars (relative risk [RR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]). Of the 639 children examined at baseline, a total of 449 were reassessed after 7 years (70.3% retention rate). Children who lived in neighborhoods with cultural community centers had a lower risk of dental caries in first permanent molars at the follow-up (RR 0.78; 95% CI 0.62–0.99). Children from families with a low income (RR 1.34; 95% CI 1.03–1.76) and poor parental perception of children’s oral health (RR 1.56; 95% CI 1.18–2.06) were associated with a higher risk of dental caries in first molars. In conclusion, individual and contextual determinants showed an important role in the incidence of caries in first permanent molars.

Aim This two-year cohort study evaluated whether the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) is responsive to detect changes related to dental caries. Design Preschool children were examined in 2010 regarding dental caries, and their parents responded to the ECOHIS. After 2 years, 352 children (response rate = 73.6%) were re-examined and a new ECOHIS was responded. Children were categorized according to caries increment (no new caries, 1–3 surfaces with new lesions, and four or more decayed surfaces). The outcome variables were related to the decline of quality of life as determined via ECOHIS: decline, severe decline, and differences between baseline and follow-up scores. Effect sizes (ES) were calculated, and the associations were evaluated through Poisson regression. Results ES was small for children with 1–3 new lesions (ES = 0.19) and moderate for children with four or more new carious lesions (ES = 0.61). Children who developed 1–3 new lesions were significantly associated with all outcome variables compared to children with no new lesions, but the associations were stronger for children with four or more new carious lesions. Conclusions The ECOHIS is sensitive to the deterioration of quality of life due to caries increments in preschool children.

Objective: To assess the influence of early childhood malocclusion on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Methods: 7-year cohort study involving 639 preschoolers (1 to 5 years) who had been evaluated initially with a survey conduced in 2010. Children completed the Brazilian version of the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ8-10) to assess OHRQoL during the follow-up period. Exploratory variables were collected at baseline, including the presence and severity of malocclusion (overjet and lip coverage). Socioeconomic characteristics, oral health behavior, and patterns of dental attendance were also investigated. A multilevel Poisson regression model was used to fit the association between malocclusion and OHRQoL. With this approach, incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Results: A total of 449 children were re-evaluated (follow-up rate, 70.3%). The prevalence of accentuated overjet and inadequate lip coverage was 13.5% and 11.9%, respectively. The mean (±SD) CPQ8-10 score was 10.57±10.32. The presence of inadequate lip coverage was associated with higher overall mean CPQ8-10 scores (IRR 1.51; 95% CI 1.29-1.77), and social well-being, emotional well-being, and functional limitation domains. Children with accentuated overjet (>3mm) also demonstrated higher overall scores on the CPQ8-10 than their normal counterparts. The presence of this condition also influenced the oral symptom (IRR 1.29; 95% CI 1.08-1.53) and emotional well-being (IRR 1.30; 95% CI 1.02-1.66) domains. Conclusion: Results of the present study suggest that early childhood malocclusion is a risk factor for low OHRQoL in future.

Social capital incorporates both contextual and individual levels of interactions and influences health. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of neighborhood and individual social capital on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children. This 7-year cohort study was conducted with 639 children (1–5 years) who had been evaluated initially with a survey administered in 2010. OHRQoL was assessed using the Brazilian version of the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ8-10) in the follow-up. Contextual variables related to social capital were collected during the baseline and included the presence of social class associations, workers’ associations, and cultural community centers. Individual variables included individual social networks, socioeconomic variables, and oral health measures (dental caries and overjet). A multilevel Poisson regression model was used to investigate the influence of individual and contextual characteristics on OHRQoL. With this approach, we calculated incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). From the 639 preschoolers examined at baseline, a total of 449 children were re-evaluated after 7 years (70.3% response rate). Children who lived in areas with social class associations at baseline reported better OHRQoL in the follow-up (IRR 0.79; 95% CI 0.67–0.93). Regarding individual variables, low socioeconomic status, poor clinical conditions, and weak social networks were also associated with higher overall CPQ8-10 scores. High levels of individual and neighborhood social capital in early childhood positively influenced children’s OHRQoL. This finding is important in planning public health policies to improve children’s health and well-being.

The objective of the study is to assess the effect of dental treatment on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of adolescents from a city in South Brazil. This longitudinal study included 129 adolescents aged 10 to 15 years who received dental caries treatment in a university clinic in Santa Maria, Brazil. The OHRQoL was measured using the Brazilian version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire for children aged 11 to 14 years (CPQ11–14). The questionnaire was administered through face-to-face interviews before treatment and 1 month after its completion. Paired t tests and effect sizes were used to evaluate changes in CPQ11–14 scores after completion of treatment. In total, 43.4% of the study participants received solely restorations, 15.5% received endodontic treatment, and 44.2% underwent tooth extractions. The mean CPQ11–14 score before treatment was 15.9 ± 10.3, which decreased to 6.3 ± 6.5 after treatment (P

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of initial noncavitated caries lesions on cavitated caries increment in preschool children. A 2-year cohort study was designed to include the participants of a survey on dental caries performed in 2010. Preschool children (12-59 months old) were examined for dental caries and classified as children with no caries lesions, with only initial lesions, with at least 1 moderate caries lesion, and with extensive lesions. Socioeconomic data were also collected. After 2 years, 466 children were re-examined (follow-up rate of 72.9%) only for cavitated lesions. Association between caries incidence at 2 levels of severity and caries experience and other variables was evaluated using hierarchical Poisson regression analysis. The children with moderate and extensive caries lesions at baseline presented a higher risk of presenting both outcomes than the children with no caries lesions. Nevertheless, the children with only initial lesions had a higher risk of developing at least 1 new cavitated carious lesion, but not for a more severe increment in caries. Subgroup analysis stratified by the children's age showed that the influence of the presence of initial caries lesions on cavitated caries increment was only observed in children aged 12-35 months. In conclusion, although the presence of moderate and extensive lesions at baseline is a significant predictor for cavitated caries increment after 2 years in preschool children at all ages, the presence of only initial caries lesions is also associated, but with less severe caries incidence.

We evaluated the predictive and construct validity of a caries activity assessment system associated with the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) in primary teeth. A total of 469 children were reexamined: participants of a caries survey performed 2 yr before (follow-up rate of 73.4%). At baseline, children (12-59 mo old) were examined with the ICDAS and a caries activity assessment system. The predictive validity was assessed by evaluating the risk of active caries lesion progression to more severe conditions in the follow-up, compared with inactive lesions. We also assessed if children with a higher number of active caries lesions were more likely to develop new lesions (construct validity). Noncavitated active caries lesions at occlusal surfaces presented higher risk of progression than inactive ones. Children with a higher number of active lesions and with higher caries experience presented higher risk of developing new lesions. In conclusion, the caries activity system associated with the ICDAS presents predictive and construct validity in primary teeth in the assessment of occlusal caries lesions, but predictive validity was not observed in smooth surfaces.

The aim of this study was to compare the administration of the Brazilian version of Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) questionnaire, applied by face-to-face and telephone format. A randomized sample of 76 parents/guardians of children up to 6 years old was selected in a Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil. Patients were randomly selected for 2 different groups, according to administration sequence: F-T (Face-to-face-Telephone) and T-F (Telephone-Face-to-face). Two interviewers administered the ECOHIS questionnaire with 2 week interval between the methods. The reliability between sections of the different methods of administration was assessed by Cronbach's alpha and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). There were differences in means of the ECOHIS between face-to-face and telephone methods. However, the value Cronbach's alpha were between 0.94-0.96, and value ICC ranged from 0.91-0.93, proving to be acceptable values. The Bland-Altman plots confirmed the results of reliability tests, supporting the accuracy of the methods. Although there is a slight difference in the scores, the use of both mode of administration of the ECOHIS yields reliable data when single method is used from the beginning to the end of the study. The results provided evidence to use either Face-to-face or Telephone method of administration of the ECOHIS Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a administração da versão brasileira do questionário Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS), aplicado através de entrevista pessoal e por telefone. Uma amostra randomizada de 76 pais/responsáveis de crianças de até 6 anos de idade foi selecionada na Clínica de Odontopediatria da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brasil. Os pacientes foram selecionados aleatoriamente para 2 grupos diferentes, de acordo com a sequência de administração: E-T (Entrevista Pessoal-Telefone) e T-E (Telefone-Entrevista Pessoal). Dois entrevistadores aplicaram o questionário ECOHIS com um intervalo de 2 semanas entre os métodos. A confiabilidade entre as seções dos diferentes métodos de administração foi avaliada pelo Alfa de Cronbach e Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC). Houve diferenças nas médias do ECOHIS entre os métodos de entrevista pessoal e telefone. No entanto, os valores de Alfa de Cronbach foram entre 0,94-0,96 e ICC entre 0,91-0,93, mostrando valores aceitáveis. O gráfico de Blant-Altman confirmou os resultados dos testes de confiabilidade, suportando a acurácia dos métodos. Embora exista uma pequena diferença nos escores, o uso de ambos os métodos de administração do ECOHIS produz dados confiáveis quando um único método é utilizado do início até o final do estudo. Os resultados forneceram evidências para usar tanto entrevista pessoal quanto por telefone como métodos de administração do ECOHIS.

The aim of this study was to assess trends in traumatic crown injuries (TCIs), their prevalence, and association with socioeconomic and clinical factors in preschool children over a 5-year period. A series of cross-sectional surveys was conducted in Santa Maria, Brazil, on children attending a National Day of Children’s Vaccination. The same protocol was used in all surveys conducted in 2008, 2010, and 2013. Clinical examinations were performed to evaluate types of traumatic crown injuries using the O’brien index. A semi-structured questionnaire was answered by the parents. It provided information about several socioeconomic factors as well as the parents’ perception of their child’s oral health. The chi-square for trends test was used to verify changes in TCI prevalence throughout the years. The association between socioeconomic and clinical factors with TCI was assessed by the Poisson regression analysis. A total of 1,640 children were examined. The prevalence of TCIs decreased significantly from 2008 to 2013 (10.12%; p < 0.001). Central incisors were the most vulnerable to injury, independent of the year. Moreover, older children and those with inadequate lip coverage were more likely to present with some traumatic dental injury (p < 0.001). prevalence of traumatic crown injuries decreased following the years, however TCI remain an important subject to consider when planning oral health policies.

Objectives We aimed to assess the impact of the presence of initial and other stages of dental caries on the impairment of oral health-related quality of life in preschool children (COHRQoL) through a cohort study. Methods During an epidemiological survey, 478 children (12–59 months old) were examined for dental caries using the International Caries and Detection Assessment System (ICDAS), and their parents answered the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). Children were categorized based on the presence of dental caries as follows: children with no caries lesions, children with only initial lesions (ICDAS scores 1 and 2), children with at least one moderate lesion (ICDAS scores 3 and 4) and children with extensive lesions (ICDAS scores 5 and 6). After 2 years, 352 children were re-examined for the presence of dentine cavitations, and their parents completed a new ECOHIS questionnaire. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of the presence of different stages of caries lesions at the baseline on COHRQoL impairment at the follow-up, considering two outcome variables: worsening and severe worsening of COHRQoL. Relative risk values (RR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Results Worsening or severe worsening of the COHRQoL at the follow-up were observed only in children with moderate lesions (RR = 2.00; 95% CI = 1.30–3.08 and RR = 2.38; 95% CI = 1.31–4.34, respectively) or children with extensive lesions (RR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.10–2.30 for worsening and RR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.13–3.12 for severe worsening). On the other hand, the presence of only initial caries lesions was not a significant predictor of COHRQoL impairment. Conclusions The presence of only initial caries lesions does not impair COHRQoL of preschool children; however, moderate and extensive lesions are risk factors for worsening of the COHRQoL.

Aim To investigate the risk of sound surfaces, and initial and moderate caries lesions to progress to dentine cavitation in preschool children. Design A cohort study was designed with 639 children (12–59 months old) who had been examined by visual inspection during a survey in 2010. After 2 years, 469 children were re-examined regarding the presence of dentine cavitations. The probability of progression was calculated for sound and carious (initial and moderate lesions) surfaces. Relative risk of progression and 95% confidence intervals for each condition compared with sound surfaces were calculated using multilevel Poisson regression analysis. Association with explanatory variables, including caries experience of the children, was also investigated. Results The higher the initial score attributed to the dental surface, the more likely was the progression. Moreover, children with severe lesions at baseline had higher risk of having a sound surface or a non-cavitated caries lesion progressing to cavitation when compared with caries-free children; however, this increased risk was not observed in children with only initial caries lesions. Conclusions Initial caries lesions present a low frequency of progression. Moreover, sound surfaces and initial caries lesions in children already presenting cavitations are more likely to progress to more severe conditions.

Guedes RS, Piovesan C, Ardenghi TM, Emmanuelli B, Braga MM, Ekstrand KR, Mendes FM. 2014. Validation of visual caries activity assessment: a 2-year cohort study. J Dent Res. 93(7 suppl):101S–107S. (Original DOI: 10.1177/0022034514531017 ) The authors regret that they did not adequately provide credit to the original source of the scoring system used as a part of the manuscript, highlighted in Table 1. The following reference from Nyvad et al. should have been included: Nyvad B, Machiulskiene V, Baelum V. 1999. Reliability of a new caries diagnostic system differentiating between active and inactive caries lesions. Caries Res. 33(4):252–260.