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CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico O materialismo especulativo de Quentin Meillassoux teve uma ótima repercussão no cenário filosófico dos primeiros anos do século XXI não apenas por sua ambição de recuperar o pensamento “metafísico” em um contexto “pós-metafísico”, mas também pela engenhosidade de construir seu inimigo: a Correlação, que basicamente designa a hegemonia das filosofias póskantianas, formulando-a como uma vertente filosófica unida em sua essência correlacional. É a partir da crítica ao pensamento correlacional que Meillassoux erige seu sistema filosófico. Todavia, se ampla foi a repercussão do seu trabalho, não menos ampla foi a gama das críticas investidas na rejeição de seu materialismo especulativo e seu diagnóstico sobre o estado de esgotamento em que a filosofia se encontra com a predominância daquilo que ele chama de correlação nas filosofias após Kant. Esta dissertação tem o objetivo de enfrentar as críticas que incidem tanto sobre o diagnóstico quanto sobre o projeto filosófico de Meillassoux – que estão intimamente relacionadas. Para isso será efetuada uma unificação conceitual do sistema filosófico a fim de resolver as ambiguidades identificadas como origem das críticas. Quentin Meillassoux's speculative materialism had an ample repercussion in the philosophical millieu in the first years of the 21st century, not the least for its ambition to reclaim 'metaphysical' thought in a 'post-metaphysical' context, but also for the ingeniousness of construing its enemy: Correlation, which basically designates the hegemony of post-kantian philosophies, formulating it as a diverse philosophical lineage, albeit united in its correlational essence. It is from the critique of correlational thought that Meillassoux constructs his metaphysical system. If the repercussion was ample, then no less ample were the plethora of critiques towards a rejection of his speculative materialism and his diagnosis concerning the staleness in which philosophy finds itself with the predominance of what he calls the correlation in post-kantian philosophies. This dissertation is intent on dealing with the critiques which fall either on Meillassoux's diagnostic or his philosophical project ─ both being intertwined. For this sake it will be made a conceptual unification of his philosophical system as a means to deal with the ambiguities identified as the origin of the critiques.

In this work, the Gaussian Mixture (GM) model, which is an unsupervised machine learning technique, is utilized to construct a statistical gas-solid surface scattering model based on the collisional data obtained from Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. The main advantage of the scattering kernel constructed based on the GM model over the existing stochastic empirical scattering kernels is that its capability is not restricted by the finite number of adjustable parameters, which are required to be known in advance. The GM model is used to study Couette flow for Hydrogen gas confined between two parallel infinite Nickel walls at different temperatures: at the bottom wall Tb=300K; at the top wall Tt = 500K . In order to model Couette flow condition, walls have been moving with velocity = 0. 5 √ 2 /. The results obtained from theGM model and the Cercignani-Lampis-Lord (CLL) scattering kernel are compared against the MD collisional data. Both the distribution of the predicted post-collisional velocities, and accommodation coefficients of the GM kernel are in good agreement with MD and show better agreement than the CLL kernel.