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The diagnostic value of a combination of transoesophageal and transthoracic echocardiography was evaluated in 21 patients with dissection of the aorta. The results were compared with those of computed tomography, aortography, and with findings at operation or necropsy or both. Transthoracic echocardiography identified three of the four patients with type I dissection, two of the five patients with type II dissection, and one of the 12 patients with type III dissection. When transoesophageal echocardiography was used as well the degree of aortic dissection was identified correctly in all 21 patients. In one patient with type I and in eight patients with type III dissection spontaneous echocardiographic contrast with a mural thrombus within the false lumen could be detected. Computed tomography was unable to demonstrate an intimal flap in one of two patients studied with type I dissection, in two of three patients with type II dissection, and in one of nine patients with type III dissection. Aortography was negative in one of two patients studied with type I dissection, two of four patients with type II dissection, and in one of eight patients with type II dissection. The whole thoracic aorta can be imaged by a combination of transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography. The addition of transoesophageal echocardiography to transthoracic echocardiography improves the recognition of aortic dissection. Furthermore, this examination can be performed at the bedside and the findings can be used as a basis for treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) is a major disease that affects European sea bass, and understanding the biological mechanisms that underlie VNN resistance is important for the welfare of farmed fish and sustainability of production systems. The aim of this study was to identify genomic regions and genes that are associated with VNN resistance in sea bass., Results: We generated a dataset of 838,451 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified from whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in the parental generation of two commercial populations (A: 2371 individuals and B: 3428 individuals) of European sea bass with phenotypic records for binary survival in a VNN challenge. For each population, three cohorts were submitted to a red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) challenge by immersion and genotyped on a 57K SNP chip. After imputation of WGS SNPs from their parents, quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped using a Bayesian sparse linear mixed model (BSLMM). We found several QTL regions that were specific to one of the populations on different linkage groups (LG), and one 127-kb QTL region on LG12 that was shared by both populations and included the genes ZDHHC14, which encodes a palmitoyltransferase, and IFI6/IFI27-like, which encodes an interferon-alpha induced protein. The most significant SNP in this QTL region was only 1.9 kb downstream of the coding sequence of the IFI6/IFI27-like gene. An unrelated population of four large families was used to validate the effect of the QTL. Survival rates of susceptible genotypes were 40.6% and 45.4% in populations A and B, respectively, while that of the resistant genotype was 66.2% in population B and 78% in population A., Conclusions: We have identified a genomic region that carries a major QTL for resistance to VNN and includes the ZDHHC14 and IFI6/IFI27-like genes. The potential involvement of the interferon pathway, a well-known anti-viral defense mechanism in several organisms (chicken, human, or fish), in survival to VNN infection is of particular interest. Our results can lead to major improvements for sea bass breeding programs through marker-assisted genomic selection to obtain more resistant fish., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an infrequent complication of inflammatory bowel disease and can be exceptionally linked to interstitial nephritis secondary to anti-inflammatory drugs, such as Pentasa® (5-ASA)., Case Presentation: We present an case of an 80-year-old man who presented chronic diarrheas treated by Pentasa®. He developed AKI, evidenced by high plasma creatinine dosed in his local laboratory. At the hospital admission, plasma creatinine was exceptionally undetectable by the enzymatic method while Jaffe's method successfully determined it. Creatinine measurement by the enzymatic method was gradually restored during hospital stay, concomitant with the discontinuation of 5-ASA administration, suggesting that this drug could interfere with creatinine enzymatic assay. Creatinine enzymatic assays combine serial reactions. The last one called Trinder reaction, catalyzed by a peroxidase, uses H 2 O 2 to convert uncolored dye in a colored compound, proportionally to creatinine concentration. We showed that AKI related-plasma accumulation of 5-ASA, could participate in the negative interference observed on creatinine measurement, by scavenging H 2 O 2 . Interestingly, all Trinder reaction-based measurements (uric acid, lipase, lactate, triglycerides and cholesterol) were affected. Negative interference of 5-ASA was confirmed by interferogram experiments on all Trinder reaction-dependent assays., Conclusion: All Trinder-dependent parameters should be interpreted with the patient's treatment knowledge, in particular salicylate derivatives., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Disease outbreaks are a major threat to the aquaculture industry, and can be controlled by selective breeding. With the development of high-throughput genotyping technologies, genomic selection may become accessible even in minor species. Training population size and marker density are among the main drivers of the prediction accuracy, which both have a high impact on the cost of genomic selection. In this study, we assessed the impact of training population size as well as marker density on the prediction accuracy of disease resistance traits in European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) and gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata ). We performed a challenge to nervous necrosis virus (NNV) in two sea bass cohorts, a challenge to Vibrio harveyi in one sea bass cohort and a challenge to Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida in one sea bream cohort. Challenged individuals were genotyped on 57K-60K SNP chips. Markers were sampled to design virtual SNP chips of 1K, 3K, 6K, and 10K markers. Similarly, challenged individuals were randomly sampled to vary training population size from 50 to 800 individuals. The accuracy of genomic-based (GBLUP model) and pedigree-based estimated breeding values (EBV) (PBLUP model) was computed for each training population size using Monte-Carlo cross-validation. Genomic-based breeding values were also computed using the virtual chips to study the effect of marker density. For resistance to Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN), as one major QTL was detected, the opportunity of marker-assisted selection was investigated by adding a QTL effect in both genomic and pedigree prediction models. As training population size increased, accuracy increased to reach values in range of 0.51-0.65 for full density chips. The accuracy could still increase with more individuals in the training population as the accuracy plateau was not reached. When using only the 6K density chip, accuracy reached at least 90% of that obtained with the full density chip. Adding the QTL effect increased the accuracy of the PBLUP model to values higher than the GBLUP model without the QTL effect. This work sets a framework for the practical implementation of genomic selection to improve the resistance to major diseases in European sea bass and gilthead sea bream., Competing Interests: RG, SB-F, RM, AB, YF, and PH are employed by SYSAAF, that provides expertise to the management of aquaculture breeding programs in France. SC, JB, J-SB, and BP are employed by companies that run fish breeding programs. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Griot, Allal, Phocas, Brard-Fudulea, Morvezen, Haffray, François, Morin, Bestin, Bruant, Cariou, Peyrou, Brunier and Vandeputte.)

Background: Idarucizumab has been included in guidelines for the management of bleeding or surgical procedure in dabigatran-treated patients without need for biological monitoring. The aim of the study was to assess the prognostic value of dabigatran plasma level before reversal to test the hemostatic efficacy of idarucizumab. The secondary objectives were (i) to analyze plasma dabigatran level according to the risk of rebound and (ii) to evaluate the incidence of post-reversal non-favorable clinical outcomes (including thromboembolism, bleeding, antithrombotic, and death) and antithrombotic resumption. Methods and Results: This was an observational multicentric cohort study, which included all French patients who required idarucizumab for dabigatran reversal. Between May 2016 and April 2019, 87 patients from 21 French centers were enrolled. Patients received idarucizumab for overt bleeding ( n = 61), urgent procedures ( n = 24), or overdose without bleeding ( n = 2). Among patients with major bleeding ( n = 57), treatment with idarucizumab was considered effective in 44 (77.2%) of them. Patients who did not achieve effective hemostasis after reversal had a significantly higher mean level of plasma dabigatran at baseline (524.5 ± 386 vs. 252.8 ng/mL ± 235, p = 0.033). Furthermore, patients who did not achieve effective hemostasis after reversal had less favorable outcomes during follow-up (46.2 vs. 81.8%, p = 0.027). ROC curve identified a cutoff of 264 ng/mL for dabigatran level at admission to be predictive of ineffective hemostasis. No plasma dabigatran rebound was observed after reversal in patients with dabigatran plasma level < 264 ng/mL at baseline. Conclusion: This retrospective study shows that dabigatran level before reversal could predict hemostatic effectiveness and dabigatran plasma rebound after idarucizumab injection., Competing Interests: NG discloses consulting fees by Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb/Pfizer and LEO Pharma. RC reports consulting fees from Aspen. A-CM discloses consulting fees from Bayer and Boehringer Ingelheim, and consulting fees and grant from Bristol-Myers-Squibb/Pfizer. ALL discloses consulting fees by Boehringer Ingelheim and Bayer. LB reports personal fees and non-financial support from Aspen, Actelion, Bayer, LEO-pharma, Bristol-Myers Squibb/Pfizer, and MSD; non-financial support from Daiichi; and grants and personal fees from Sanofi outside the submitted work. DS declares consulting fees from Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb/Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Aspen, and LEO-Pharma. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Gendron, Chocron, Billoir, Brunier, Camoin-Jau, Tuffigo, Faille, Teissandier, Gay, de Raucourt, Suner, Bonnet, Martin, Lasne, Ladhari, Lebreton, Bertoletti, Ajzenberg, Gaussem, Morange, Le Cam Duchez, Viallon, Roy, Lillo-le Louët and Smadja.)