Search

DNA metabarcoding is a widespread approach for the molecular identification of organisms. While the associated wet-lab and data processing procedures are well established and highly efficient, the reference databases for taxonomic assignment can be implemented to improve the accuracy of identifications. Insects are among the organisms for which DNA-based identification is most commonly used; yet, a DNA-metabarcoding reference database specifically curated for their species identification using software requiring local databases is lacking. Here, we present COins, a database of 5' region cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences (COI-5P) of insects that includes over 532 000 representative sequences of >106 000 species specifically formatted for the QIIME2 software platform. Through a combination of automated and manually curated steps, we developed this database starting from all COI sequences available in the Barcode of Life Data System for insects, focusing on sequences that comply with several standards, including a species-level identification. COins was validated on previously published DNA-metabarcoding sequences data (bulk samples from Malaise traps) and its efficiency compared with other publicly available reference databases (not specific for insects). COins can allow an increase of up to 30% of species-level identifications and thus can represent a valuable resource for the taxonomic assignment of insects' DNA-metabarcoding data, especially when species-level identification is needed https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.19130465.v1.

International audience; A large number of advanced finite element shell formulations have been developed, but their adoption is hindered by complexities of transforming mathematical formulations into computer code. Furthermore, it is often not straightforward to adapt existing implementations to emerging frontier problems in thin structural mechanics including nonlinear material behaviour, complex microstructures, multi-physical couplings, or active materials. We show that by using a high-level mathematical modelling strategy and automatic code generation tools, a wide range of advanced plate and shell finite element models can be generated easily and efficiently, including: the linear and non-linear geometrically exact Naghdi shell models, the Marguerre-von Karman shallow shell model, and the Reissner-Mindlin plate model. To solve shear and membrane-locking issues, we use: a novel re-interpretation of the Mixed Interpolation of Tensorial Component (MITC) procedure as a mixed-hybridisable finite element method, and a high polynomial order Partial Selective Reduced Integration (PSRI) method. The effectiveness of these approaches and the ease of writing solvers is illustrated through a large set of verification tests and demo codes, collected in an open-source library, FEniCS-Shells, that extends the FEniCS Project finite element problem solving environment.

International audience; Multi-stable shells have been recently proposed as an effective solution to design morphing structures. We describe a class of shallow shells which are bistable after one of their sides is completely clamped. Employing the polar method, we investigate the influence of the constitutive properties of the laminate on its multistability.

Shell, plate and beam (thin) structures are widely used in civil, mechanical and aeronautical engineering because they are capable of carrying high loads with a minimal amount of structural mass. Because the out-of-plane dimension is usually much smaller than the two in-plane dimensions, it is possible to asymptotically reduce the full 3D equations of elasticity to a whole variety of equivalent 2D models posed on a manifold embedded in 3D space. This reduction results in massively reduced computational expense and remains a necessity for practical large-scale computation of structures of real engineering interest such as the fuselage of an aircraft. The numerical solution of such mathematical models is a challenging task, especially for very thin shells when shear and membrane locking effects require special attention. As originally noted by [Hale and Baiz, 2013], the high-level form language UFL provides an excellent framework for writing extensible, reusable and pedagogical numerical models of thin structures. To our knowledge fenics-shells represents the first unified open-source implementation of a wide range of thin structural models, including Reissner-Mindlin, Kirchhoff-Love, Von Karman and hierarchical (higher-order) plates, and Madare-Naghdi and Madare-Koiter shell models. Because of the broad scope of fenics-shells, in this talk we will focus on how to cure numerical locking by applying the Mixed Interpolation of Tensorial Components (MITC) approach of [Dvorkin and Bathe, 1986] and [Lee and Bathe, 2010] to a shell with an initially flat reference configuration. The MITC approach consists of an element-by-element interpolation of the degrees of freedom of the rotations onto the degrees of freedom of a reduced rotation space, the latter typically constructed using H(curl) conforming finite elements such as the rotated Raviart-Thomas-Nédélec elements. Then, the bilinear form is constructed on the underlying H(curl) space. Because of the interpolation operator, the original problem is expressed in terms of the degrees of freedom for the rotations only. Within DOLFIN we have implemented this projection operation using two UFL forms within a custom assembler compiled just-in-time using Instant. We show numerical convergence studies that match the apriori bounds available in the literature. E. N. Dvorkin and K.-J. Bathe, “A continuum mechanics based four-node shell element for general non-linear analysis,” Engineering Computations, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 77–88, 1984. P. S. Lee and K. J. Bathe, “The quadratic MITC plate and MITC shell elements in plate bending,” Advances in Engineering Software, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 712–728, 2010. J. S. Hale and P. M. Baiz, “Towards effective shell modelling with the FEniCS project” presented at the FEniCS Conference 2013, Jesus College, Cambridge, 19-Mar-2013.