Search

Surveys in the Milky Way and Large Magellanic Cloud revealed that the majority of massive stars will interact with companions during their lives. However, knowledge of the binary properties of massive stars at low metallicity, which approaches the conditions of the Early Universe, remains sparse. We present the Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM) campaign - an ESO large programme designed to obtain 25 epochs of spectroscopy for 929 massive stars in the SMC - the lowest metallicity conditions in which multiplicity is probed to date (Z = 0.2 Zsun). BLOeM will provide (i) the binary fraction, (ii) the orbital configurations of systems with periods P < 3 yr, (iii) dormant OB+BH binaries, and (iv) a legacy database of physical parameters of massive stars at low metallicity. The stars are observed with the LR02 setup of the giraffe instrument of the Very Large Telescope (3960-4570A, resolving power R=6200; typical signal-to-noise ratio S/N=70-100). This paper utilises the first 9 epochs obtained over a three-month time. We describe the survey and data reduction, perform a spectral classification of the stacked spectra, and construct a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram of the sample via spectral-type and photometric calibrations. The sample covers spectral types from O4 to F5, spanning the effective temperature and luminosity ranges 6.5

Dysregulation of the tumour suppressor gene Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) is a canonical step in colorectal cancer development. Curiously, most colorectal tumours carry biallelic mutations that result in only partial loss of APC function, suggesting that a "just-right" level of APC inactivation, and hence Wnt signalling, provides the optimal conditions for tumorigenesis. Mutational processes act variably across the APC gene, which could contribute to the bias against complete APC inactivation. Thus the selective consequences of partial APC loss are unclear. Here we propose a mathematical model to quantify the tumorigenic effect of biallelic APC genotypes, controlling for somatic mutational processes. Analysing sequence data from >2500 colorectal cancers, we find that APC genotypes resulting in partial protein function confer about 50 times higher probability of progressing to cancer compared to complete APC inactivation. The optimal inactivation level varies with anatomical location and additional mutations of Wnt pathway regulators. We use this context dependency to assess the regulatory effect of secondary Wnt drivers in combination with APC in vivo, and provide evidence that mutant AMER1 combines with APC genotypes that lead to relatively low Wnt. The fitness landscape of APC inactivation is consistent across microsatellite unstable and POLE-deficient colorectal cancers and tumours in patients with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, suggesting a general "just-right" optimum, and pointing to Wnt hyperactivation as a potential cancer vulnerability., Comment: Main: 32 pages, 7 figures Supplements: 17 pages, 7 figures

We present a new method to combine multimass equilibrium dynamical models and pulsar timing data to constrain the mass distribution and remnant populations of Milky Way globular clusters (GCs). We first apply this method to 47 Tuc, a cluster for which there exists an abundance of stellar kinematic data and which is also host to a large population of millisecond pulsars. We demonstrate that the pulsar timing data allow us to place strong constraints on the overall mass distribution and remnant populations even without fitting on stellar kinematics. Our models favor a small population of stellar-mass BHs in this cluster (with a total mass of $412^{+77}_{-146} \mathrm{M_\odot}$), arguing against the need for a large ($ > 2000 \ \mathrm{M_\odot}$) central intermediate-mass black hole. We then apply the method to Terzan 5, a heavily obscured bulge cluster which hosts the largest population of millisecond pulsars of any Milky Way GC and for which the collection of conventional stellar kinematic data is very limited. We improve existing constraints on the mass distribution and structural parameters of this cluster and place stringent constraints on its black hole content, finding an upper limit on the mass in BHs of $\sim 4500 \ \mathrm{M_\odot}$. This method allows us to probe the central dynamics of GCs even in the absence of stellar kinematic data and can be easily applied to other GCs with pulsar timing data, for which datasets will continue to grow with the next generation of radio telescopes., Comment: 32 pages, 19 figures. Submitted to ApJ, comments welcome

The integration of machine learning (ML) techniques for addressing intricate physics problems is increasingly recognized as a promising avenue for expediting simulations. However, assessing ML-derived physical models poses a significant challenge for their adoption within industrial contexts. This competition is designed to promote the development of innovative ML approaches for tackling physical challenges, leveraging our recently introduced unified evaluation framework known as Learning Industrial Physical Simulations (LIPS). Building upon the preliminary edition held from November 2023 to March 2024, this iteration centers on a task fundamental to a well-established physical application: airfoil design simulation, utilizing our proposed AirfRANS dataset. The competition evaluates solutions based on various criteria encompassing ML accuracy, computational efficiency, Out-Of-Distribution performance, and adherence to physical principles. Notably, this competition represents a pioneering effort in exploring ML-driven surrogate methods aimed at optimizing the trade-off between computational efficiency and accuracy in physical simulations. Hosted on the Codabench platform, the competition offers online training and evaluation for all participating solutions., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2403.01623

Two-dimensional (2D) materials like transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) have proved to be serious candidates to replace silicon in several technologies with enhanced performances. In this respect, the two remaining challenges are the wafer scale growth of TMDs and their integration into operational devices using clean room compatible processes. In this work, two different CMOS-compatible protocols are developed for the fabrication of MoS$_2$-based memristors, and the resulting performances are compared. The quality of MoS$_2$ at each stage of the process is characterized by Raman spectroscopy and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. In the first protocol, the structure of MoS$_2$ is preserved during transfer and patterning processes. However, a polymer layer with a minimum thickness of 3 nm remains at the surface of MoS$_2$ limiting the electrical switching performances. In the second protocol, the contamination layer is completely removed resulting in improved electrical switching performances and reproducibility. Based on physico-chemical and electrical results, the switching mechanism is discussed in terms of conduction through grain boundaries., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures

The recent Belle II observation of $B \to K E_{\rm miss}$ challenges theoretical interpretations in terms of Standard Model neutrino final states. Instead, we consider new physics scenarios where up to two new light-invisible particles of spin 0 up to 3/2 are present in the final state. We identify viable scenarios by reconstructing the (binned) likelihoods of the relevant $B \to K^{(*)} E_{\rm miss}$ and also $B_s \to E_{\rm miss}$ experimental analyses and present preferred regions of couplings and masses. In particular, we find that the current data prefers two-body decay kinematics involving the emission of a single massive scalar or a vector particle, or alternatively, three-body decays involving pairs of massive scalars or spin 1/2 fermions. When applicable, we compare our findings with existing literature and briefly discuss some model-building implications., Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures

We consider the combined measurements of CP-averaged decay rates and direct CP asymmetries of $B^\pm\to K^\pm \ell^+ \ell^-$ and $B^\pm\to \pi^\pm \ell^+ \ell^-$ to probe (non-local) four-quark operator matrix element contributions to rare semileptonic B meson decays. We also explore how their effects could be in principle disentangled from possible local new physics effects using $U$-spin relations. To this end, we construct a ratio of CP-odd decay rate differences which are exactly predicted within the standard model in the $U$-spin limit, while the leading $U$-spin breaking effects can also be systematically calculated. Our results motivate binned measurements of the direct CP asymmetry in $B^\pm\to \pi^\pm \ell^+ \ell^-$ as well as dedicated theoretical estimates of $U$-spin breaking both in local form factors as well as in four-quark matrix elements., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures

We present a method enabling the scaling of NeRFs to learn a large number of semantically-similar scenes. We combine two techniques to improve the required training time and memory cost per scene. First, we learn a 3D-aware latent space in which we train Tri-Plane scene representations, hence reducing the resolution at which scenes are learned. Moreover, we present a way to share common information across scenes, hence allowing for a reduction of model complexity to learn a particular scene. Our method reduces effective per-scene memory costs by 44% and per-scene time costs by 86% when training 1000 scenes. Our project page can be found at https://3da-ae.github.io ., Comment: Camera-ready version accepted at 3DMV-CVPR 2024

The use of machine learning (ML) techniques to solve complex physical problems has been considered recently as a promising approach. However, the evaluation of such learned physical models remains an important issue for industrial use. The aim of this competition is to encourage the development of new ML techniques to solve physical problems using a unified evaluation framework proposed recently, called Learning Industrial Physical Simulations (LIPS). We propose learning a task representing a well-known physical use case: the airfoil design simulation, using a dataset called AirfRANS. The global score calculated for each submitted solution is based on three main categories of criteria covering different aspects, namely: ML-related, Out-Of-Distribution, and physical compliance criteria. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first competition addressing the use of ML-based surrogate approaches to improve the trade-off computational cost/accuracy of physical simulation.The competition is hosted by the Codabench platform with online training and evaluation of all submitted solutions.

The Cosmological Advanced Survey Telescope for Optical and ultraviolet Research (CASTOR) is a proposed Canadian-led 1m-class space telescope that will carry out ultraviolet and blue-optical wide-field imaging, spectroscopy, and photometry. CASTOR will provide an essential bridge in the post-Hubble era, preventing a protracted UV-optical gap in space astronomy and enabling an enormous range of discovery opportunities from the solar system to the nature of the Cosmos, in conjunction with the other great wide-field observatories of the next decade (e.g., Euclid, Roman, Vera Rubin). FORECASTOR (Finding Optics Requirements and Exposure times for CASTOR) will supply a coordinated suite of mission-planning tools that will serve as the one-stop shop for proposal preparation, data reduction, and analysis for the CASTOR mission. We present the first of these tools: a pixel-based, user-friendly, extensible, multi-mission exposure time calculator (ETC) built in Python, including a modern browser-based graphical user interface that updates in real time. We then provide several illustrative examples of FORECASTOR's use that advance the design of planned legacy surveys for the CASTOR mission: a search for the most massive white dwarfs in the Magellanic Clouds; a study of the frequency of flaring activity in M stars, their distribution and impacts on habitability of exoplanets; mapping the proper motions of faint stars in the Milky Way; wide and deep galaxy surveys; and time-domain studies of active galactic nuclei., Comment: Updated references and acknowledgements to match published version. 24 pages, 16 figures, 3 tables, published in AJ

Space solar power (SSP), envisioned for decades as a solution for continuous, stable, and dynamically dispatchable clean energy, has seen tremendous interest and a number of experimental demonstrations in the last few years. A practical implementation has been elusive to date, owing to the high launch costs associated with heavy, rigid photovoltaic (PV) and wireless power transfer (WPT) arrays. Lightweight and flexible solutions for WPT have been demonstrated terrestrially but, to date, have not been deployed and tested in space. In this paper, we present an experimental space demonstration of a lightweight, flexible WPT array powered by custom radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs). The transmit arrays, receive arrays, and the rest of the system were operated and tested for eight months in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Results from these experiments, including pointing of the array's beam to Earth and its detection by a ground station, are presented and discussed in detail. Observations and results from this mission uncover existing strengths and weaknesses that inform future steps toward realizing SSP., Comment: 19 pages, 23 figures. These authors contributed equally: Alex Ayling, Austin Fikes, Oren S. Mizrahi, Ailec Wu. Updated on 2024/02/16 to reflect the current and former affiliations of the authors

The multinucleon transfer (MNT) reaction approach was successfully employed for the first time to measure the isomeric ratios (IRs) of $^{211}$Po (25/2$^+$) isomer and its (9/2$^+$) ground state at the IGISOL facility using a 945 MeV $^{136}$Xe beam impinged on $^{209}$Bi and $^{\rm nat}$Pb targets. The dominant production of isomers compared to the corresponding ground states was consistently revealed in the $\alpha$-decay spectra. Deduced IR of $^{211}$Po populated through the $^{136}$Xe+$^{\rm nat}$Pb reaction was found to enhance $\approx$1.8-times than observed for $^{136}$Xe+$^{209}$Bi. State-of-the-art Langevin-type model calculations have been utilized to estimate the spin distribution of an MNT residue. The computations qualitatively corroborate with the considerable increase in IRs of $^{211}$Po produced from $^{136}$Xe+$^{\rm nat}$Pb compared to $^{136}$Xe+$^{209}$Bi. Theoretical investigations indicate a weak influence of target spin on IRs. The enhancement of the $^{211}$Po isomer in the $^{136}$Xe+$^{\rm nat}$Pb over $^{136}$Xe+$^{209}$Bi can be attributed to the different proton ($p$)-transfer production routes. Estimations demonstrate an increment in the angular momentum transfer, favorable for isomer production, with increasing projectile energy. Comparative analysis indicates the two entrance channel parameters, projectile mass and $p$-transfer channels, strongly influencing the population of the high-spin isomer of $^{211}$Po (25/2$^+$). This is the first experimental and theoretical investigation on the IRs of nuclei produced via different channels of MNT reactions, with the latter quantitatively underestimating the former by a factor of two., Comment: 5 figures

Large pretrained language models (LLMs) can be rapidly adapted to a wide variety of tasks via a text-to-text approach, where the instruction and input are fed to the model in natural language. Combined with in-context learning (ICL), this paradigm is impressively flexible and powerful. However, it also burdens users with an overwhelming number of choices, many of them arbitrary. Inspired by markup languages like HTML, we contribute a method of using soft-token tags to compose prompt templates. This approach reduces arbitrary decisions and streamlines the application of ICL. Our method is a form of meta-learning for ICL; it learns these tags in advance during a parameter-efficient fine-tuning ``warm-up'' process. The tags can subsequently be used in templates for ICL on new, unseen tasks without any additional fine-tuning. Our experiments with this approach yield promising initial results, improving LLM performance on important enterprise applications such as few-shot and open-world intent detection, as well as text classification in news and legal domains., Comment: R0-FoMo: Workshop on Robustness of Few-shot and Zero-shot Learning in Foundation Models at NeurIPS 2023

Modeling large scenes from unconstrained images has proven to be a major challenge in computer vision. Existing methods tackling in-the-wild scene modeling operate in closed-world settings, where no conditioning on priors acquired from real-world images is present. We propose RefinedFields, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the first method leveraging pre-trained models to improve in-the-wild scene modeling. We employ pre-trained networks to refine K-Planes representations via optimization guidance using an alternating training procedure. We carry out extensive experiments and verify the merit of our method on synthetic data and real tourism photo collections. RefinedFields enhances rendered scenes with richer details and improves upon its base representation on the task of novel view synthesis in the wild. Our project page can be found at https://refinedfields.github.io., Comment: Corrected Table 2, where some comparisons were done among models trained at different resolutions

Racialized individuals are generally more likely than their non-racialized and non-Indigenous counterparts to pursue a university-level education. Despite this, their labour market outcomes are often less favourable. Using data from the integrated file of the Postsecondary Student Information System, the 2016 Census and the T1 Family File, this article compares the employment earnings, unionization rate and pension plan coverage rate of racialized graduates with a bachelor's degree with those of non-racialized and non-Indigenous graduates, two years after graduation.

The evolution of synchrotrons towards higher brilliance beams has increased the possible sample-to-detector propagation distances for which the source confusion circle does not lead to geometrical blurring. This makes it possible to push near-field propagation driven phase contrast enhancement to the limit, revealing low contrast features which would otherwise remain hidden under an excessive noise. Until today this possibility was hindered, in many objects of scientific interest, by the simultaneous presence of strong phase gradient regions and low contrast features. The strong gradients, when enhanced with the now possible long propagation distances, induce such strong phase effects that the linearisation assumptions of current state-of-the-art single-distance phase retrieval filters are broken, and the resulting image quality is jeopardized. Here, we introduce a new iterative phase-retrieval algorithm and compare it with the Paganin phase-retrieval algorithm, in both the monochromatic and polychromatic cases, obtaining superior image quality. In the polychromatic case the comparison was done with an extrapolated Paganin algorithm obtained by reintroducing, into our phase retrieval algorithm, the linearization approximations underlying the Paganin forward model. Our work provides an innovative algorithm which efficiently performs the phase retrieval task over the entire near-field range, producing images of exceptional quality for mixed attenuation objects.

Automated blood vessel segmentation is vital for biomedical imaging, as vessel changes indicate many pathologies. Still, precise segmentation is difficult due to the complexity of vascular structures, anatomical variations across patients, the scarcity of annotated public datasets, and the quality of images. We present a thorough literature review, highlighting the state of machine learning techniques across diverse organs. Our goal is to provide a foundation on the topic and identify a robust baseline model for application to vascular segmentation in a new imaging modality, Hierarchical Phase Contrast Tomography (HiP CT). Introduced in 2020 at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, HiP CT enables 3D imaging of complete organs at an unprecedented resolution of ca. 20mm per voxel, with the capability for localized zooms in selected regions down to 1mm per voxel without sectioning. We have created a training dataset with double annotator validated vascular data from three kidneys imaged with HiP CT in the context of the Human Organ Atlas Project. Finally, utilising the nnU Net model, we conduct experiments to assess the models performance on both familiar and unseen samples, employing vessel specific metrics. Our results show that while segmentations yielded reasonably high scores such as clDice values ranging from 0.82 to 0.88, certain errors persisted. Large vessels that collapsed due to the lack of hydrostatic pressure (HiP CT is an ex vivo technique) were segmented poorly. Moreover, decreased connectivity in finer vessels and higher segmentation errors at vessel boundaries were observed. Such errors obstruct the understanding of the structures by interrupting vascular tree connectivity. Through our review and outputs, we aim to set a benchmark for subsequent model evaluations using various modalities, especially with the HiP CT imaging database.

We explore applications of quantum computing for radio interferometry and astronomy using recent developments in quantum image processing. We evaluate the suitability of different quantum image representations using a toy quantum computing image reconstruction pipeline, and compare its performance to the classical computing counterpart. For identifying and locating bright radio sources, quantum computing can offer an exponential speedup over classical algorithms, even when accounting for data encoding cost and repeated circuit evaluations. We also propose a novel variational quantum computing algorithm for self-calibration of interferometer visibilities, and discuss future developments and research that would be necessary to make quantum computing for radio astronomy a reality., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures

This article conducts an extensive examination of the persisting challenges related to smart contract attacks within blockchain networks, with a particular focus on the reentrancy attack. It emphasizes the inherent vulnerabilities embedded in the programming languages commonly employed for smart contract development, particularly within Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)-based blockchains. While the concrete example used primarily employs the Solidity programming language, the insights garnered from this study are readily generalizable to a wide array of blockchain architectures. Significantly, this article extends beyond the mere identification of vulnerabilities and ventures into the realm of proactive security measures. It explores the adaptation and adoption of dataflow programming paradigms, employing Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) to enforce security by design in the context of smart contract development. This forward-looking approach aims to bolster the foundational principles of blockchain security, offering a promising research direction for mitigating the risks associated with smart contract vulnerabilities. The objective of this article is to cater to a diverse audience, ranging from individuals with limited computer science and programming expertise to seasoned experts in the field. It provides a comprehensive and accessible resource for fostering a deeper understanding of the intricate dynamics between blockchain technology and the imperative need for secure smart contract development practices.

The general relativistic formulation of the problem of magnetically confined mountains on neutron stars is presented, and the resulting equations are solved numerically, generalising previous Newtonian calculations. The hydromagnetic structure of the accreted matter and the subsequent magnetic burial of the star's magnetic dipole moment are computed. Overall, it is observed that relativistic corrections reduce the hydromagnetic deformation associated with the mountain. The magnetic field lines are curved more gently than in previous calculations, and the screening of the dipole moment is reduced. Quantitatively, it is found that the dimensionless dipole moment ($m_{\rm d}$) depends on the accreted mass ($M_{\rm a}$) as $m_{\rm d} = -3.2\times10^{3}M_{\rm a}/M_\odot + 1.0$, implying approximately three times less screening compared to the Newtonian theory. Additionally, the characteristic scale height of the mountain, governing the gradients of quantities like pressure, density, and magnetic field strength, reduces by approximately $40\%$ for an isothermal equation of state., Comment: accepted for publication in MNRAS

Studies of young clusters have shown that a large fraction of O-/early B-type stars are in binary systems, where the binary fraction increases with mass. These massive stars are present in clusters of a few Myrs, but gradually disappear for older clusters. The lack of detailed studies of intermediate-age clusters has meant that almost no information is available on the multiplicity properties of stars with M $<$ 4 $M_{\odot}$. In this study we present the first characterization of the binary content of NGC 1850, a 100 Myr-old massive star cluster in the Large Magellanic Cloud, relying on a VLT/MUSE multi-epoch spectroscopic campaign. By sampling stars down to M = 2.5 $M_{\odot}$, we derive a close binary fraction of 24 $\pm$ 5 \% in NGC 1850, in good agreement with the multiplicity frequency predicted for stars of this mass range. We also find a trend with stellar mass (magnitude), with higher mass (brighter) stars having higher binary fractions. We modeled the radial velocity curves of individual binaries using The Joker and constrained the orbital properties of 27 systems, $\sim$17\% of all binaries with reliable radial velocities in NGC 1850. This study has brought to light a number of interesting objects, such as four binaries showing mass functions f(M) $>$ 1.25 $M_{\odot}$. One of these, star #47, has a peculiar spectrum, explainable with the presence of two disks in the system, around the visible star and the dark companion, which is a black hole candidate. These results confirm the importance and urgency of studying the binary content of clusters of any age., Comment: 24 pages, 22 Figures, 1 Table; Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS)

In recent years the concept of metaverse has evolved in the attempt of defining richer immersive and interactive environments supporting various types of virtual experiences and interactions among users. This has led to the emergence of various different metaverse platforms that utilize blockchain technology and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) to establish ownership of metaverse elements and attach features and information to it. This article will delve into the heterogeneity of the data involved in these metaverse platforms, as well as highlight some dynamics and features of them. Moreover, the paper introduces a metaverse analysis tool developed by the authors, which leverages machine learning techniques to collect and analyze daily data, including blockchain transactions, platform-specific metadata, and social media trends. Experimental results are reported are presented with a use-case scenario focused on the trading of digital parcels, commonly referred to as metaverse real estate., Comment: In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Metaverse Computing, Networking and Applications (IEEE METACOM 2023), June 26--28, 2023, Japan

The origin of initial rotation rates of stars, and how a star's surface rotational velocity changes during the evolution, either by internal angular momentum transport or due to interactions with a binary companion, remain open questions in stellar astrophysics. Here, we aim to derive the physical parameters and study the distribution of (projected) rotational velocities of B-type stars in the 35 Myr-old, massive cluster NGC 330 in the Small Magellanic Cloud. NGC 330 is in an age range where the number of post-interaction binaries is predicted to be high near the cluster turnoff (TO). We develop a simultaneous photometric and spectroscopic grid-fitting method adjusting atmosphere models on multi-band Hubble Space Telescope photometry and Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer spectroscopy. This allows us to homogeneously constrain the physical parameters of over 250 B and Be stars, brighter than mF814W = 18.8 mag. The rotational velocities of Be stars in NGC 330 are significantly higher than the ones of B stars. The rotational velocities vary as a function of the star's position in the color-magnitude diagram, qualitatively following predictions of binary population synthesis. A comparison to younger clusters shows that stars in NGC 330 rotate more rapidly on average. The rotational velocities of the 35 Myr old population in NGC 330 quantitatively agree with predictions for a stellar population that underwent significant binary interactions: the bulk of the B stars could be single stars or primaries in pre-interaction binaries. The rapidly spinning Be stars could be mass and angular momentum gainers in previous interactions, while those Be stars close to the TO may be spun-up single stars. The slowly rotating, apparently single stars above the TO could be merger products. The different vsini-characteristics of NGC 330 compared to younger populations can be understood in this framework., Comment: 18 pages (incl. appendix), 15 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in A&A

Populations of stellar-mass black holes (BHs) in globular clusters (GCs) influence their dynamical evolution and have important implications on one of the main formation channels for gravitational wave sources. Inferring the size of these populations remains difficult, however. In this work, multimass models of 34 Milky Way GCs, first presented in Dickson et al., are used to explore the present-day BH populations. Direct constraints on both the total and visible mass components provided by several observables allow these models to accurately determine the distribution of the dark mass (including BHs) within clusters, as we demonstrate in a proof-of-concept fitting of the models to mock observations extracted from Monte Carlo cluster models. New constraints on the BH population retained to the present-day in each cluster are inferred from our models. We find that BH mass fractions ranging from 0 to 1 per cent of the total mass are typically required to explain the observations, except for Omega Cen, for which we infer a mass fraction above 5 per cent, in agreement with previous works. Relationships between the dark remnant populations and other cluster parameters are examined, demonstrating a clear anti-correlation between the amount of BHs and mass segregation between visible stars, as well as a correlation between remnant mass fractions and the dynamical age of clusters. Our inferred BH populations are in good agreement overall with other recent studies using different methodologies, but with notable discrepancies for individual clusters., Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures, MNRAS accepted