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Abstract Studies on the cultural importance of unconventional food plants (UFP) have been scarce, in contrast to a vast literature focusing on medicinal plants. We adopted the widely used criterion of cultural importance to study UFP used in two quilombola communities in Bahia State, northeastern Brazil. Free-listing was applied to identify known/used food plants in the communities, and semi-structured interviews were carried out to collect information about them. Statistical analyses were performed using a correlation matrix of importance values. A random sample of the numbers of citations per species indicated a strong correlation between cultivated and wild species. The average ages of the two communities were similar, but indicated an influence of age on their knowledge of non-conventional plants and their consumption. Both wild and cultivated species have relevant cultural importance. Deforestation, the lack of availability of unconventional food plants, and the ease of access to conventional and industrialized foods are all directly related to the low consumption of UFP, pointing to a lack of nutritional and health information in those communities.

Abstract Excess sugar is considered one of the primary factors contributing to overweight status. In Brazil, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) contain a significant amount of this nutrient and are consumed excessively. These beverages are associated with adverse health outcomes and impose costs on the healthcare system. The literature currently lacks studies that aim to attribute specific nutrients or foods as causes of diseases and also evaluate their economic impact, especially in middle- and low-income countries. This study aims to estimate the direct and indirect costs of obesity, stratified by sex and age group, resulting from the excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in Brazil from 2008 to 2020, and to project these costs for the year 2036. The estimation of obesity costs attributable to excessive consumption of SSBs was based on relative risks and the population prevalence of obesity, considering expenditures on hospitalizations and outpatient procedures in the Unified Health System (SUS). Cost information was obtained from the health information systems available at SUS. The highest burden attributable to the consumption of SSBs was observed among younger individuals and progressively decreased with advancing age. The total direct costs in the period between 2008 and 2020 amounted to approximately US$ 6.33 million, 87% of which was related to expenses for females. Additionally, deaths resulting from the consumption of SSBs cost the economy US$ 40 million due to the premature loss of productivity. The total costs of obesity attributable to the consumption of SSBs are substantial, impacting public spending and generating social and productivity losses that burden the economy. It is crucial to develop and implement cost-effective fiscal and regulatory policies aimed at preventing and combating obesity.

Introduction: The hemogram and hemogram-derivative ratios (HDRs) are becoming markers of the severity and mortality of COVID-19. We evaluated the hemograms and serial weekly HDRs [neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-platelet ratio (NPR) and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII)] in the survivors and non-survivors of COVID-19. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical notes and serial hemograms of real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 adults hospitalized from April 2020 to March 2021 from the time of diagnosis to the 3rd week of diagnosis. Results: Of the 320 adults, 257 (80.3%) were survivors and had a lower mean age than the non-survivors (57.73 vs. 64.65 years, p < 0.001). At diagnosis, the non-survivors had lower hematocrit (p = 0.021), and lymphocyte (p = 0.002) and basophil (p = 0.049) counts and the hematocrit showed a p-value (Is this what you meant???) of 0.021); higher NLR (p < 0.001), PLR (p = 0.047), NPR (p = 0.022) and SII (p = 0.022). Using general linear models, the survivors and non-survivors showed significant variations with weekly lymphocyte count (p < 0.001), neutrophil count (p = 0.005), NLR (p = 0.009), MLR (p = 0.010) and PLR (p = 0.035). All HDRs remained higher in the non-survivors in the 2nd week and 3rd week of diagnosis and the HDRs were higher in the intubated patients than in the non-intubated patients. The NLR and SII were more efficient predictors of mortality in COVID-19 patients. Conclusions: This study shows that serial lymphocyte and neutrophil counts, NLR, PLR, MLR, NPR and SII could serve as good and easily accessible markers of severity and predictors of outcomes in COVID-19 patients and should be used for the monitoring of treatment response.

Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum pesticide that has become the most widely used herbicide globally. However, concerns have risen regarding its potential health impacts due to food contamination. Studies have detected glyphosate in human blood and urine samples, indicating human exposure and its persistence in the organism. A growing body of literature has reported the health risks concerning glyphosate exposure, suggesting that the daily intake of contaminated food and water poses a public health concern. Furthermore, countries with high glyphosate usage and lenient regulations regarding food and water contamination may face more severe consequences. In this context, in this review, we examined the literature regarding food contamination by glyphosate, discussed its detection methods, and highlighted its risks to human health.

Resumo Embora os cuidados paliativos estejam em expansão no Brasil, ainda há fragilidades relacionadas à formação profissional e à educação continuada. Neste estudo foram mapeadas as principais estratégias educativas e suas temáticas direcionadas a profissionais da saúde utilizadas nos cuidados paliativos no Brasil. Para tanto, foi realizada revisão de escopo em três bases de dados, nas quais foram encontrados artigos originais, relatos de experiência, teses, dissertações e estudos de caso, totalizando 39 documentos, publicados entre 2002 e 2022, que resultaram numa divisão em três categorias: estratégias institucionais, processos de ensino formais e estratégias de educação permanente. Os dados revelam que muitas iniciativas ainda são análogas à logicidade da educação continuada e pouco integradas à perspectiva do ensino-serviço, gerando necessidade de promover ações de educação permanente no cotidiano do trabalho, em todos os níveis de atenção à saúde.

ABSTRACT Present study aimed at carrying out the taxonomic survey of the ornamented cell-wall Cosmaria from the low Doce river region, Espírito Santo State. Material studied was collected between months October 2018 and February 2020. Thirty-three taxa were identified, from which 32 are new additions to the Espírito Santo State desmid flora, five are new records for Brazil (C. blyttii cf. var. basiornatum, C. cf. dentiferum, C. monomazum var. polymazum, C. sphagnicola var. pachygonum, and C. subcostatum var. subcostatum), and one for South America (C. isthmochondrum cf. var. biseriatum). Present study increased the knowledge on the genus Cosmarium in Espírito Santo State by adding both taxonomic and ecological information.

ABSTRACT Objective: To know the perception of professionals about the assistance offered, during the pandemic period, in the care of children and adolescents who use alcohol and other drugs in a detox ward. Method: Descriptive, qualitative research, carried out from September to December 2021, through interviews with the multidisciplinary team of the detoxification ward of a university hospital, systematized and analyzed according to Minayo. Results: 19 professionals participated, mainly from nursing and women. Four thematic units were identified: on the difficulties faced in everyday life; about facilities in care; about the team's adaptation to facilities and/or difficulties; about the team-family, team-patient and patient-family relationship. Conclusion: The ability to reinvent itself was essential for the team to meet the demands of institutionalized children and adolescents.

Abstract Objective To review literature and estimate the occurrence of preeclampsia and its complications in Brazil. Methods We performed an integrative review of the literature, and included observational studies published until August 2021 on the SciELO and PubMed databases that evaluated preeclampsia among pregnant women in Brazil. Other variables of interests were maternal death, neonatal death, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome, and eclampsia. Three independent reviewers evaluated all retrieved studies and selected those that met inclusion criteria. A metanalysis of the prevalence of preeclampsia and eclampsia was also performed, to estimate a pooled frequency of those conditions among the studies included. Results We retrieved 304 studies after the initial search; of those, 10 were included in the final analysis, with a total of 52,986 women considered. The pooled prevalence of preeclampsia was of 6.7%, with a total of 2,988 cases reported. The frequency of eclampsia ranged from 1.7% to 6.2%, while the occurrence of HELLP syndrome was underreported. Prematurity associated to hypertensive disorders ranged from 0.5% to 1.72%. Conclusion The frequency of preeclampsia was similar to that reported in other international studies, and it is increasing in Brazil, probably due to the adoption of new diagnostic criteria. The development of a national surveillance network would be essential to understand the problem of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Brazil.

ABSTRACT The Brazilian bocachico is a rheophilic fish from the northeast region of Brazil that holds great economic and scientific interest. The absence of evident sexual dimorphism and the invasive character of sexing methods and evaluation of gonadal maturation are obstacles to its artificial reproduction. In this scenario, ultrasonography emerges as a non-invasive method for sexing. The objectives of this study were to establish an ultrasound sexing method for Brazilian bocachico and select equations to estimate the gonadosomatic index (GSI), gonad weight (GW), and gonad volume (GV) of live bocachico. A total of 32 bocachico fish (18 females and 14 males) were analyzed ultrasonographically and morphologically. The association of morphometric and ultrasonographic parameters was investigated using Pearson Correlations. The following prediction equations were selected using multiple regression analysis: GSI = 16.22 × transvarea; GW = 30.3 × transvarea; and GV = 0.001260036 × pixels. A model capable of predicting the sex of the animals based on the ultrasonographic parameters was obtained using partial least-squares discriminant analysis with principal component analysis. The significance level adopted was P < 0.05. In conclusion, ultrasonography is a useful tool to perform sexing and evaluate the gonads during the breeding season, contributing to artificial reproduction in captivity.

Abstract Electricity distribution is a fundamental activity for society. However, mitigating actions on risks and dependencies of this activity still need to be discovered concerning Ecosystem Services (ES). This fact can negatively influence its prosperity, especially in the long term. Within this context, this paper aims to identify actions that mitigate the risks and dependencies on ES associated with a company in the electricity sector in Brazil that performs electricity distribution services. The identification was based on the collection, analysis, and interpretation of stakeholders’ perceptions of the activity through an adaptation of the Strategic Options Development and Analysis (SODA) problem structuring method. As a result, a structured vision of actions that mitigate ES risks and dependencies of electric power distribution, enabling management focused on the longevity of both the ES and the economic activity.

A primeira década dos anos 2000 foi bastante fértil para a institucionalização e regulamentação de marcos para a política de inovação no Brasil. Um dos instrumentos dessa política, a Subvenção Econômica (SE) à inovação, isto é, o financiamento das atividades de inovação nas empresas com recursos não reembolsáveis, foi utilizada pela Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep) em parceria com os Governos Estaduais. À medida que os estados ampliavam a execução dos programas de SE, uma demanda latente para as instituições de fomento trata-se da avaliação dos projetos apoiados. Este artigo apresenta um método de avaliação de impactos de programas públicos de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação (P&D&I) contemplando três dimensões: i) cultura de inovação e cooperação; ii) econômica; e iii) social. Aplicamos o método para avaliar um programa público de SE à inovação brasileiro, denominado TECNOVA-ES voltado para pequenas empresas e executado no estado do Espírito Santo, no sudeste do Brasil. Os resultados mostraram que mais de 85% dos projetos não teriam sido executados sem o apoio público. O Programa foi muito mais efetivo em termos de adicionalidade que substituição dos investimentos em P&D&I. Estimulou o estabelecimento de parcerias com universidades, clientes e fornecedores, tem sido importante para viabilizar a comercialização de novos produtos, e permitiu a geração de em média 3 novos empregos formais por empresa. Nós mostramos que em todas as dimensões avaliadas os resultados estão em consonância com objetivos do Programa, sendo fundamental para a política de inovação brasileira.

Human pluripotent stem cells (PSC) have been used for disease modelling, after differentiation into the desired cell type. Electrophysiologic properties of cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells are extensively used to model cardiac arrhythmias, in cardiomyopathies and channelopathies. This requires strict control of the multiple variables that can influence the electrical properties of these cells. In this article, we report the action potential variability of 780 cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells obtained from six healthy donors. We analyze the overall distribution of action potential (AP) data, the distribution of action potential data per cell line, per differentiation protocol and batch. This analysis indicates that even using the same cell line and differentiation protocol, the differentiation batch still affects the results. This variability has important implications in modeling arrhythmias and imputing pathogenicity to variants encountered in patients with arrhythmic diseases. We conclude that even when using isogenic cell lines to ascertain pathogenicity to variants associated to arrythmias one should use cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells using the same differentiation protocol and batch and pace the cells or use only cells that have very similar spontaneous beat rates. Otherwise, one may find phenotypic variability that is not attributable to pathogenic variants.

ABSTRACT Study aimed at identifying and recording smooth or finely punctate cell walled Cosmarium Corda species of the low Doce river region, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Periphytic material was collected monthly during the period October 2018 to February 2020, except for October 2019. We identified 22 taxa and analyzed the environmental conditions (trophic state, pH and total iron) in which each taxon occurred. Our study recorded 21 new records of smooth cell walled Cosmarium for Espírito Santo State and one (Cosmarium trilobulatum var. tumidum Willi Krieger & Gerloff) for Brazil.

Introdução: A melhoria na adesão à higienização das mãos (HM) é algo muito enfatizado por todos os serviços de saúde. Estratégias para estimular essa prática envolvem mudanças de comportamento por parte dos profissionais. A OMS lançou a estratégia multimodal para melhoria da HM nos serviços de saúde a qual consiste em abordagens mais assertivas para estimular as práticas de HM. Essa abordagem é constituída por cinco ferramentas-chave: mudança do sistema, treinamento e educação, avaliação e retorno da prática de HM, lembretes nos locais de trabalho e clima de segurança institucional.1-3 Objetivo: Descrever a implementação do programa de HM em um ambulatório médico de especialidades (AME) utilizando as ferramentas-chave da estratégia multimodal. Método: Estudo retrospectivo descritivo que usou as recomendações do guia de estratégia multimodal da OMS no período entre janeiro de 2019 a dezembro de 2020 por meio de etapas: 1) Preparo da Instituição 2) Avaliação diagnóstica; 3) Implementação das melhorias; 4) Avaliação dos resultados obtidos. Resultados: Na primeira etapa foi feito levantamento dos recursos materiais e humanos necessários para garantir a execução da ação. Na segunda etapa foi feito um diagnóstico situacional do processo de HM pelo serviço de controle de infecção ambulatorial. Na terceira etapa ocorreu a elaboração do plano de ação de acordo com cada uma das cinco ferramentas-chave. Na última etapa foi observado melhora na adesão à HM, pois no final de 2019 a média dos setores era de 54%, sendo a taxa mais baixa no setor de Endoscopia (45%), mas no final de 2020 a média de adesão saltou para 76%, sendo que até o setor de Endoscopia apresentou melhora (66%). Conclusão: O processo de HM evoluiu na instituição com a implementação dos componentes da estratégia multimodal, evidenciando que as abordagens multimodais são as que garantem melhores resultados na sustentação do processo e também se aplicam no cenário ambulatorial.

The global spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has put an enormous pressure on human societies, at both health and economic levels. Early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has proved an efficient method to rapidly isolate positive individuals and reduce transmission rates, thus alleviating its negative impact on society’s well-being and economic growth. In this work, through a coordinated and centralized effort to monitor SARS-CoV-2 circulation in companies from the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, we have detected and linked an early rise of infection rates in January 2022 to the introduction of the Omicron variant of concern (VoC) (BA.1). Interestingly, when the Omicron genomic isolates were compared to correlates from public datasets, it was revealed that introduction events were multiple, with possible migration routes mapping to: Mali; Oman and United States; and Italy, Latin America, and United States. In addition, we have built a haplotype network with our genomic dataset and found no strong evidence of transmission chains, between and within companies. Considering Omicron’s particularly high transmissibility, and that most of our samples (>87%) arose from 3 out of 10 companies, these findings suggest that workers from such environments were exposed to SARS-CoV-2 outside their company boundaries. Thus, using a mixed strategy in which quick molecular diagnosis finds support in comprehensive genomic analysis, we have shown that a successfully implemented occupational health program should contribute to document emerging VoC and to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 at the workplace.

Nesta contribuição, refletimos sobre como a Sensibilização à Diversidade Linguística (SDL) (CANDELIER, 2003), aliada aos Métodos Visuais (MELO-PFEIFER & SIMÕES, 2017; KALAJA & MELO-PFEIFER, 2019), pode colaborar no desenvolvimento da competência plurilingue e pluricultural (COSTE; MOORE; ZARATE, 2009) de migrantes e refugiados recém-ingressos na Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). Para tanto, durante a disciplina Português: Práticas Textuais Acadêmicas, ofertada pelo curso de Letras para esse público, exploramos as biografias linguísticas dos discentes para que, primeiramente, eles se reconhecessem como sujeitos plurilíngues. Assim, ao final da atividade, os alunos puderam refletir sobre como essas línguas, que compõem seus repertórios linguísticos, podem auxiliá-los no aprimoramento da língua-alvo, neste caso, do português acadêmico.

Coastal municipalities and industries often discharge poorly treated wastewater into proximate marine and estuarine environments. The urban and/or effluent input can lead to eutrophication and lower water quality, as it holds high concentrations of nutrients and pollutants. One widely applied tool to increase effluent dispersion and direct it away from coastal areas, thus causing fewer impacts on human activities, is sea outfall. In Aveiro, Portugal, the São Jacinto sea outfall construction was completed in 1998; however, limited literature regarding the sea outfall’s monitoring using satellite data is available. The methodology in this study involved collecting four years’ worth (2016–2019) of satellite data to investigate visible traces of the interaction between the S. Jacinto sewage water mass and the Ria de Aveiro lagoon ecosystem using ocean color and spectral analysis, and producing new qualitative data regarding sea outfall plume dispersion monitoring through high-resolution Sentinel-2 imagery. The results showed a clear spectral signature of the sewage water mass, and a seasonal pattern was observed in which the plume was more evident in winter and autumn. Additionally, the coastal longshore current and the Aveiro lagoon’s runoff were able to restrict the marine outfall’s dispersion superficially. Ocean color data were revealed to be a factual and cost-effective tool to monitor the plume water. Finally, an exchange between the marine outfall water mass and Ria de Aveiro lagoon could happen in high tide under northern wind conditions. Therefore, it is important to monitor the water quality to ensure the coastal ecosystem’s good environmental state.

Este relato de experiência descreve as ações do programa de extensão “Conheça a Flora de Lençóis”, da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS). Iniciado em 2009, o programa promove a troca de saberes com a comunidade da região de Lençóis, Bahia. O objetivo é a proteção da flora e vegetação da Chapada Diamantina, subsidiada por diversas atividades, entre elas: cursos de capacitação, coleção herborizada, estudos etnobotânicos e produtos de divulgação. As ações são contínuas e a receptividade tem sido positiva. http://dx.doi.org/10.35700/ca.2020.ano7n13.p83-87.2802

ABSTRACT Non-indigenous communities are particularly insightful in terms of understanding the process of healing plant acquisition and loss. This study explores the traditional medicinal plant knowledge and use of a long-isolated, African-descended community in the Atlantic rainforests of northeastern Brazil. We investigated the primary plant species used and their therapeutic applications. We hypothesized that women and the oldest members of the community would be the most knowledgeable about medicinal plants. We carried out semi-structured interviews and walk-in-the-woods plant collecting techniques with 74 informants. We identified 133 ethnospecies of plants used to treat a wide variety of illnesses. The most commonly used plant parts were leaves; the most common form of preparation was as infusion. As anticipated, medicinal plant knowledge generally increased with age. However, there was no significant gender difference in plant knowledge. We attribute this to the increasingly similar livelihood roles and geographical spaces occupied by men and women in the community. There was, however, a trend for women to be more knowledgeable about the healing properties of herbaceous and cultivated plants. Increasing contact with the outside world has resulted in a confluence of traditional, often African-derived healing therapies, with the novel healing plant knowledge and allopathic medicine of outsiders.

The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to extra caution in workplaces to avoid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the occupational environment, SARS-CoV-2 testing is a powerful approach in providing valuable information to detect, monitor, and mitigate the spread of the virus and preserve productivity. Here a centralized Occupational Health Center provided molecular diagnosis and genomic sequences for companies and industries in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. From May to August 2021, around 20% of the SARS-CoV-2 positive nasopharyngeal swabs from routinely tested workers were sequenced and reproduced the replacement of Gamma with Delta variant observed in regular surveillance programs. Moreover, as a proof-of-concept on the sensibility of the occupational health genomic surveillance program described here, it was also found: i) the primo-identification of B.1.139 and A.2.5 viral genomes in Brazil and ii) an improved dating of Delta VoC evolution, by identifying earlier cases associated with AY-related genomes. We interpret that SARS-CoV-2 molecular testing of workers, independent of symptom presentation, provides an earlier opportunity to identify variants. Thus, considering the continuous monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in workplaces, positive samples from occupation health programs should be regarded as essential to improve the knowledge on virus genetic diversity and VoC emergence.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and severe complication of cirrhosis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of AKI staging on 30-day mortality of patients with cirrhosis. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was diagnosed according to the International Club of Ascites recommendations and staged according to the European Association for the Study of the Liver guidelines. Comparisons between groups were made by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test. Chi-square was calculated for dichotomous variables. Comparisons of renal impairment status among patients were performed using Kaplan-Meier statistics and differences between groups were analyzed using the log-rank test. A P-value

Since the first reported case in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 infections have become a major public health worldwide. Even with the increasing vaccination in several countries and relaxing of social distancing measures, the pandemic remains a threat especially due to the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants. Despite the presence of an enzyme capable of proofreading its genome, high rates of replication provide a source of accumulation of mutations within the viral genome. In this retrospective study, samples from a cohort of industry workers tested by the SESI’s COVID-19 mass testing program from September 2020 to May 2021 were analyzed using a mutation panel in order to describe the circulation of currently identified SARS-CoV-2 variants within the samples obtained in Rio de Janeiro State. Our results demonstrated that the variant of interest (VOI) Zeta has been in circulation since October 2020 and reached 87% of prevalence in February 2021 followed by a decrease due to the emergence of Gamma variant of concern (VOC). Gamma was detected in January 2021 in our studied population, and its prevalence increased during the following months, reaching absolute prevalence within positive samples in May. The Alpha variant was detected only in 4–7% of samples during March and April while Beta VOC was not detected in our study. Our data agree with sequencing genomic surveillance databases and highlight the importance of continuous mass testing programs and variant detection in order to control viral spread and guide public health measures.

A esporotricose é micose de implantação mais prevalente no mundo. Atualmente, o Brasil enfrenta o maior surto epizoonótico da doença,acometendo milhares de humanos e felinos, além de centenas de caninos. O objetivo do presente estudo é realizar levantamento epidemiológico retrospectivo e análise estatística da última década dos casos de esporotricose humana atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas da UFPR. Métodos: Foram revisados 175 prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico de esporotricose (CID B42) durante o período de 2011 a julho/2021. ETF provada foi definida quando os pacientes possuíam manifestações clínicas, contato com felinos doentes e evidência microbiológica e/ou histopatológica da doença. Já, a ETF provável definida pela presença de manifestações clínicas e contato com felinos doentes que tiveram diagnóstico microbiológico realizado pelo veterinário. O trabalho foi aprovado pelo CEP-HC-UFPR. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando o Soft Statistica for Windows (Version 8.0, Stat Soft Inc, Tulsa EUA). Resultados: Diagnóstico de esporotricose provada,com isolamento do fungo em cultura foi estabelecido em 57 pacientes (32,6%) e provável em 118 pacientes (67,4%). Entre os 175 pacientes, 171 (98,3%) relataram a transmissão zoonótica e apenas 4 (1,7%)a via de transmissão estabelecida foi sapronótica. Identificação molecular foi realizada em 28 isolados, e em 92,9% (n = 26) o agente etiológico identificado foi S.brasiliensis. O maior número de casos da doença foi diagnosticado entre 2019-2021 (n = 105, 60%).A taxa de incidência da esporotricose aumentou de 0,27 casos/100.000 pacientes em 2011,para 30,4 casos/100.000 pacientes em 2021. A taxa de prevalência da doença foi de 4,97 casos/100.000 pacientes. A maioria dos pacientes atendidos eram do município de Curitiba (n = 145,82,9%). A maior prevalência foi no sexo feminino (63,4% mulheres; 36,6% homens) e a média de idade de 40 anos (1-87 anos). No total, 12% dos pacientes (21) tinham < que 18 anos. Houve prevalência de 9,7% (n = 17) em pacientes com profissões de risco de exposição à doença, 9 veterinários, 5 estudantes de veterinária, 3 trabalhadores de pet house e 2 jardineiros. A principal manifestação clínica foi linfocutânea (n = 111, 65,1%),seguida de cutânea fixa (n = 43,24, 6%), ocular (n = 13,7, 4%) e forma mista (n = 5,2, 9%). Conclusão: Em 2011, foi identificado o primeiro caso de ETF na instituição,e desde então, houve aumento significativo no número de casos, mostrando que a doença continua em expansão e fora de controle.

ABSTRACT The present work aims to describe the sampling design and the methods used in the series “Periphytic algal flora of the Lower Doce River basin (Espírito Santo State, Brazil) after ore tailings flow”. This series will present the biodiversity of periphytic algae registered during the Aquatic Biodiversity Monitoring Program, Environmental Area I, carried out in the Lower Doce River basin three years after the passage of the ore tailings from Fundão dam (Mariana, Minas Gerais). Samples from the periphytic community were collected monthly, between October/2018 and February/2020, at five sampling stations in lotic environments and seven in lentic environments of the basin. These samples were fixed and the taxa will be identified and described, following specific methods. These taxa will be presented in sequential fascicles, split according to their taxonomic and morphological classification. More than 900 taxa have been recorded in this survey. This is the first taxonomic study about inland algae carried out in the Lower Doce River basin.

Resumo A Atenção Básica (AB) refere-se ao nível de atenção que permite cidadãos(ãs) acessarem o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) longitudinal e continuadamente. A proposta e operacionalização da gestão em Saúde reafirmam valores sociais como o direito à saúde. Com o objetivo de analisar qualitativamente perspectivas relacionadas a este nível de atenção entrevistou-se gestores(as) de diferentes níveis hierárquicos da AB de um município de Mato Grosso. As informações produzidas foram submetidas à Análise de Conteúdo na modalidade temática, referenciada pelo pensamento e planejamento estratégicos em saúde, no âmbito da Saúde Coletiva. Os dados relativos à gestão em saúde na AB e ao atendimento à população produziram núcleos temáticos envolvendo gestão rotativa, atuação fragmentada e emergencial; oposição entre humanização e técnica; promoção vertical da saúde. Os(as) gestores(as) demonstraram compromisso e busca pela manutenção dos serviços por meio de ações assistenciais e pontuais. A organização top-down, na qual não está prevista a participação dos usuários(as) como condição para o planejamento, parece ter reforçado incoerências entre a proposta abrangente da AB e os diuturnos imprevistos estruturais, dificultando a problematização necessária à transformação dos processos de trabalho. Fortalecer institucionalmente a rede de AB exige investimento, qualificação profissional permanente e participação ativa dos sujeitos.

O presente artigo objetivou analisar as contribuições do ‘Observatório Social’ do Município de Santa Maria (RS) com viés no controle social da administração pública, assim como a percepção da importância que o observatório tem como protagonista para o monitoramento dos gastos públicos e participação nas ações e decisões do ente público. O estudo observou a maneira e a forma de atuação do ‘Observatório Social’ junto ao município, e também relacionou e demonstrou como a participação da sociedade no controle social pode contribuir na aplicação e na transparência da alocação dos recursos públicos. Para tanto, adotou-se como procedimentos metodológicos a utilização da pesquisa explicativa, descritiva e análise documental com abordagem qualitativa. A pesquisa constatou que as contribuições do observatório social na gestão pública do munícipio estão focadas na transparência dos processos, redução de custos, prevenção de irregularidades das licitações, palestras de educação fiscal e promoção da cidadania. Os resultados apontam que o trabalho desenvolvido no período de janeiro a agosto de 2019 pelo observatório, em parceria com a Prefeitura, gerou uma economia aproximada de R$ 323.300,00 no período, e tal constatação serve de alerta para os gestores públicos e para a sociedade em geral e demonstra a necessidade da existência do observatório nas várias esferas governamentais.

The quality of post-thawing goat sperm is critical to the success of artificial insemination protocols and may be influenced by extenders, cryoprotectants, and antioxidant substances. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the antioxidant anethole on goat sperm diluted in preservation medium based on powdered coconut water (ACP-101c) and frozen. For that, each ejaculate was submitted to the following treatments: ACP-101c (control); control plus supplementation with 30, 300, or 2000 µg/mL anethole. The samples were thawed and evaluated for morphology, kinetics, membrane integrity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The addition of anethole increased morphological abnormalities (P < 0.05), however, it did not affect sperm kinetics. Flow cytometry analysis showed that sperm cells cryopreserved with 300 µg/mL anethole had lower acrosome integrity than those cryopreserved in other treatments. Evaluation of oxidative stress revealed that cells stored in the presence of 2000 µg/mL anethole had small amounts of ROS when compared to those preserved in the control medium alone or supplemented with 300 µg/mL anethole (P < 0.05). After cryopreservation of sperm with 2000 µg/mL anethole, the highest percentage of viable sperm without ROS was observed (P < 0.05). In conclusion, despite reducing ROS levels, the supplementation of anethole in ACP-101c did not affect sperm kinetics or membrane integrity post-thawing, however, it did cause morphological damage to sperm.

The vagus nerve (VN) and spleen represent a complex interface between neural and immunological functions, affecting both energy metabolism and white adipose tissue (WAT) content. Here, we evaluated whether vagal and splenic axis participates in WAT mass regulation in obese and non-obese male Wistar rats. High doses of monosodium glutamate (M; 4 g/Kg) were administered during the neonatal period to induce hypothalamic lesion and obesity (M-Obese rats). Non-obese or Control (CTL) rats received equimolar saline. At 60 days of life, M-Obese and CTL rats were randomly distributed into experimental subgroups according to the following surgical procedures: sham, subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (SV), splenectomy (SPL), and SV + SPL (n = 11 rats/group). At 150 days of life and after 12 h of fasting, rats were euthanized, blood was collected, and the plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, insulin, and interleukin 10 (IL10) were analyzed. The visceral and subcutaneous WAT depots were excised, weighed, and histologically evaluated for number and size of adipocytes as well as IL10 protein expression. M-Obese rats showed higher adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance when compared with CTL groups (p < 0.05). In CTL and M-Obese rats, SV reduced body weight gain and triglycerides levels, diminishing adipocyte size without changes in IL10 expression in WAT (p< 0.05). The SV procedure resulted in high IL10 plasma levels in CTL rats, but not in the M-Obese group. The splenectomy prevented the SV anti-adiposity effects, as well as blocked the elevation of IL10 levels in plasma of CTL rats. In contrast, neither SV nor SPL surgeries modified the plasma levels of IL10 and IL10 protein expression in WAT from M-Obese rats. In conclusion, vagotomy promotes body weight and adiposity reduction, elevating IL10 plasma levels in non-obese animals, in a spleen-dependent manner. Under hypothalamic obesity conditions, VN ablation also reduces body weight gain and adiposity, improving insulin sensitivity without changes in IL10 protein expression in WAT or IL10 plasma levels, in a spleen-independent manner. Our findings indicate that the vagal-spleen axis influence the WAT mass in a health state, while this mechanism seems to be disturbed in hypothalamic obese animals.

Abstract Alpha thalassemia is the most common genetic disorder across the world, being the α-3.7 deletion the most frequent mutation. In order to analyze the spectrum and origin of alpha thalassemia mutations in Uruguay, we obtained a sample of 168 unrelated outpatients with normal hemoglobin levels with microcytosis and hypochromia from two cities: Montevideo and Salto. The presence of α-thalassemia mutations was investigated by gap-PCR, restriction endonucleases analysis and HBA2 and HBA1 genes sequencing, whereas the alpha-MRE haplotypes were investigated by sequencing. We found 55 individuals (32.7%) with α-thalassemia mutations, 51(30.4%) carrying the -α3.7 deletion, one with the -α4.2 deletion and three having the rare punctual mutation HBA2:c.-59C>T. Regarding alpha-MRE analysis, we observed a significant higher frequency of haplotype D, characteristic of African populations, in the sample with the -α3.7 deletion. These results show that α-thalassemia mutations are an important determinant of microcytosis and hypochromia in Uruguayan patients with microcytosis and hypochromia without anemia, mainly due to the -α3.7 deletion. The alpha-MRE haplotypes and the α-thalassemia mutations spectrum suggest a predominant, but not exclusive, African origin of these mutations in Uruguay.

A degeneração testicular é altamente prevalente em ruminantes criados em clima tropical no Brasil. Portanto, é necessário avaliar a qualidade do sêmen periodicamente nesses animais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi definir imagens-padrão (termogramas) usando termografia por infravermelho (TIV), associada à avaliação seminal computadorizada (CASA) de maneira não invasiva, para diagnóstico de alterações testiculares. Para tanto, 10 machos caprinos foram selecionados e seus testículos insulados para avaliar a qualidade seminal e as temperaturas retal e testicular superficial, registradas em quatro momentos diferentes: antes, durante e cedo e tarde após a insulação. As coletas de sêmen e as temperaturas retal e testicular superficial pela TIV foram avaliadas por 60 dias após a insulação. Os dados foram expressos em média e erro padrão e submetido à análise de variância (ANOVA) com comparação entre os momentos pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. As mudanças na qualidade seminal seguiram o mesmo padrão das mudanças na temperatura da TS, sem influência do último na temperatura retal. A temperatura testicular média aumentou mais de 2 graus acima da temperatura média normal do testículo (p < 0,05) durante a insulação, em relação aos momentos antes e após a insulação, e concomitantemente redução nos parâmetros seminais com retorno a quase normalidade aos 60 dias após a insulação. Essas mudanças nas temperaturas da superfície do testículo associadas à análise do sêmen permitiram obter imagens padrões de degeneração testicular, possibilitando prever, por TIV, alterações testiculares para posterior avaliação da qualidade seminal.

RESUMO Objetivos: mensurar e comparar os indicadores de prazer-sofrimento em enfermeiros brasileiros e portugueses de cuidados primários à pessoa/família no contexto do transtorno mental. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo-correlacional, multicêntrico, com 500 enfermeiros de Portugal e Brasil. Coleta realizada via Google forms de abril a agosto de 2018, com questionário sociodemográfico e escala de indicadores de prazer-sofrimento no trabalho. Resultados: nos dois países, o domínio gratificação-realização profissional foi avaliado como satisfatório; insegurança/falta de reconhecimento e desgaste/esgotamento como graves. Os enfermeiros portugueses avaliaram a liberdade de expressão como satisfatória, os brasileiros como crítica. Em ambos os países houve correlação da liberdade de expressão com tempo de atuação no serviço, carga horária de trabalho e gênero; insegurança com tempo de formação, atuação no serviço e carga horária de trabalho; desgaste-esgotamento com tempo de atuação no atual serviço e tempo de formação. Conclusão: os enfermeiros de ambos os países apresentaram níveis críticos de sofrimento no trabalho. Avaliam com gratificação e com possibilidade de realização profissional a condução de cuidado à pessoa e famílias no contexto do transtorno mental, mas sua liberdade de expressão está comprometida.

A doença COVID-19 é causada pelo novo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2. Apresenta clínica variável, desde infecções assintomáticas até quadros respiratórios graves. Portadores de Síndrome de Down (SD) são grupo de risco para evolução com a forma grave da COVID-19, pois devido à alteração genética de trissomia do cromossomo 21, podem possuir deficiência do sistema imunológico, cardiopatias e alterações anatômicas do sistema respiratório. Desenvolveu-se, então, uma campanha de prevenção a COVID-19 em população com SD e deficiência intelectual, abordando a promoção do entendimento da pandemia, a estimulação de novos hábitos de higiene, a prática de exercícios físicos, a alimentação saudável e a manutenção da saúde mental durante o distanciamento social. Sinaliza-se também para o conceito de autodeterminação, em que a população com SD é protagonista de suas próprias vidas, estimulando os jovens a tomarem decisões e usufruírem de um ambiente no qual eles tenham participação social, para reduzir a cultura de exclusão a qual são submetidos. Prova-se, portanto, a inserção no cenário atual. Estruturada em vídeos, uma animação com informações gerais sobre a pandemia e os demais protagonizados por jovens frequentadores da Fundação Síndrome de Down (FSD), focados na sua inclusão, capacidade, autonomia e empoderamento. Nestes vídeos, é abordada a importância do distanciamento social e como se manter saudável durante a quarentena. O pioneirismo do projeto de prevenção a COVID-19 para pessoas com SD, sendo essas protagonistas da campanha de prevenção para seus pares, obteve expressiva atenção das mídias de comunicação. Então, atinge-se o objetivo de visibilidade à população Down promovendo sua capacidade em conscientização social.

Deleterious effects have been widely associated with chronic pesticide exposure, including cancer development. In spite of several known consequences that pesticides can trigger in the human body, few is known regarding its impact on breast cancer women that are chronically exposed to such substances during agricultural work lifelong. In this context, the present study performed a high-throughput toxicoproteomic study in association with a bioinformatics-based design to explore new putative processes and pathways deregulated by chronic pesticide exposure in breast cancer patients. To reach this goal, we analyzed comparatively non-depleted plasma samples from exposed (n = 130) and non-occupationally exposed (n = 112) women diagnosed with breast cancer by using a label-free proteomic tool. The list of proteins differentially expressed was explored by bioinformatics and the main pathways and processes further investigated. The toxicoproteomic study revealed that women exposed to pesticides exhibited mainly downregulated events, linked to immune response, coagulation and estrogen-mediated events in relation to the unexposed ones. Further investigation shown that the identified deregulated processes and pathways correlated with significant distinct levels tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta in the blood, and specific clinicopathological characteristics pointed out by bioinformatics analysis as adipose-trophic levels, menopause and intratumoral clots formation. Altogether, these findings reinforce pesticides as downregulators of several biological process and highlight that these compounds can be linked to poor prognosis in breast cancer.

A doença COVID-19 é causada pelo novo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2. Apresenta clínica variável, desde infecções assintomáticas até quadros respiratórios graves. Portadores de Síndrome de Down (SD) são grupo de risco para evolução com a forma grave da COVID-19, pois devido à alteração genética de trissomia do cromossomo 21, podem possuir deficiência do sistema imunológico, cardiopatias e alterações anatômicas do sistema respiratório. Desenvolveu-se, então, uma campanha de prevenção a COVID-19 em população com SD e deficiência intelectual, abordando a promoção do entendimento da pandemia, a estimulação de novos hábitos de higiene, a prática de exercícios físicos, a alimentação saudável e a manutenção da saúde mental durante o distanciamento social. Sinaliza-se também para o conceito de autodeterminação, em que a população com SD é protagonista de suas próprias vidas, estimulando os jovens a tomarem decisões e usufruírem de um ambiente no qual eles tenham participação social, para reduzir a cultura de exclusão a qual são submetidos. Prova-se, portanto, a inserção no cenário atual. Estruturada em vídeos, uma animação com informações gerais sobre a pandemia e os demais protagonizados por jovens frequentadores da Fundação Síndrome de Down (FSD), focados na sua inclusão, capacidade, autonomia e empoderamento. Nestes vídeos, é abordada a importância do distanciamento social e como se manter saudável durante a quarentena. O pioneirismo do projeto de prevenção a COVID-19 para pessoas com SD, sendo essas protagonistas da campanha de prevenção para já seus pares, obteve expressiva atenção das mídias de comunicação. Então, atinge-se o objetivo de visibilidade à população Down promovendo sua capacidade em conscientização social.

Abstract One of the benefits of forest and reforestation is linked to the erosion control and reduction of the amount of sediments suspended in water. This study proposes a methodology for Payments for Ecosystem Services associated to these benefits in 24 water supply watersheds, under influence of the Paraíba do Sul River Basin Environmental Protected Area, in Brazil. In order to estimate the water resources protection through the reforestation, the current scenario was compared to a hypothetical scenario, in which degraded pasture are replaced by forest. The avoided soil erosion could reach around 40t.ha-1.yr-1. Reforestation can avoid expenditures in water treatment, sludge disposal and dredging around USD 7.8 million per year. Annual values for PES range from USD 6 to 3,014 per hectare of reforested area. The results highlight the importance of valuing the benefits of the ecosystem services rescued.

Toxoplasma gondii is known to cause sporadic clinical disease and fatality in marine mammals worldwide. It has been recognized primarily in odontocetes, pinnipeds, and mustelids; however, there is very limited information available in mysticetes. We report the results of pathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular genotyping analyses in a Bryde’s whale (Balaenoptera edeni) with disseminated toxoplasmosis. A 10.7-m-long, adult, male Bryde’s whale in poor body condition was stranded alive on August 21, 2018 in Pontal do Ipiranga, Linhares, Espirito Santo state (Brazil). The animal died shortly after stranding and was promptly autopsied. The main gross findings were diffuse axial skeletal muscle atrophy, generalized congestion, petechiation and ecchymoses, necrotizing splenitis, hepatitis, myocarditis, pneumonia, and lymphadenitis (prescapular, pulmonary, mediastinal, and mesenteric), bilateral scapulohumeral hemarthros, and severe pulmonary edema. A microscopic examination confirmed the aforementioned diagnoses, featuring a histopathologic signature characterized by multisystemic necrotizing inflammation with vasculitis and disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombosis, and numerous intralesional protozoal cysts and extracellular tachyzoites morphologically compatible with T. gondii. The immunohistochemical and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis targeting a repetitive 529-bp DNA fragment of T. gondii confirmed toxoplasmosis in the liver, spleen, lung, and lymph nodes. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using 11 markers identified a new non-archetypal genotype, ToxoDB-RFLP genotype #300. Further, the genotyping by microsatellite technique employed 15 markers and confirmed a unique non-archetypal T. gondii strain, designated as PS-TgBaledBrES1. These novel results add to the diversity of this parasite in the world and to the scarce data on T. gondii genotype distribution in cetaceans, representing the first record of toxoplasmosis in a Bryde’s whale and setting the baseline knowledge for future research on T. gondii genotyping research in marine mammals from South America.

ABSTRACT: The process of identifying a contaminated area involves a preliminary assessment consisting of chemical analysis and comparison with guideline values. In Brazil, these values are included in the CONAMA Resolution no. 420/2009, based on chemical analysis and phytotoxicity. The objective of this research was to evaluate the ecotoxicity of copper in two natural soils in the state of Rio de Janeiro, a Haplic Planosol (sandy) and a Red-Yellow Argisol (medium texture), to verify if the values established by the legislation offer protection to the soil fauna. Lethality and reproduction tests were performed with Eisenia andrei worms and Folsomia candida springtails. Results indicated copper values in Planosol as LC50 435 mg kg 1 and EC50 29 mg kg 1 for E. Andrei and LC10 137 mg kg 1 and EC50 117 mg kg 1 for F. candida. In Argisol, these results were LC50 690 mg kg 1 and EC50 61 mg kg 1 for E. andrei, and LC10 42 mg kg 1 and EC50 138 mg kg 1 for F. candida. Values reported are lower than the research value (200 mg kg-1) established by the CONAMA resolution 420/09, indicating that concentrations lower than the limit values may affect these organisms, depending on the type of soil. Worms were more sensitive than springtails to copper contamination, and sandy soil was more susceptible to ecotoxicity due to copper contamination, probably due to the greater bioavailability of the metal. Results of such ecotoxicity tests should be considered in the development of soil guideline values.

This article studies financial crises and their impact on the main types of financial investment. Specifically, the objective of this study is to analyze the impact that financial crises generated in purchase of jewelry at Ouro Scheffer. It was therefore necessary to first revise the concept of main types of investment in variable income and fixed income, as well as a history of gold, and to analyze the main financial crises. Applied and quantitative research was then carried out with an analysis of three temporal series: gold, Ibovespa and Ouro Scheffer’s jewelry sales revenue. The results found that the main financial crises of 1999 and 2008 had an impact on the jewelry sales temporal series. It was also possible to determine that these crises generated an impact on the gold and Ibovespa temporal series.

Contents [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este trabalho é um recorte de uma pesquisa de mestrado, que objetivou investigar as práticas da escrita desenvolvidas no contexto da formação inicial de professores, especificamente, em um Curso de Licenciatura Plena em Pedagogia de uma universidade pública. Traz-se aqui o inventário de práticas de escrita sistematizado ao longo da pesquisa, que esteve inspirada na metodologia da história oral temática e na pesquisa documental. Ao entrevistar sete alunas e um aluno, foi possível identificar os gêneros textuais que circulam nesse contexto e estabelecer um diálogo com os dados encontrados a partir da leitura de documentos oficiais que revelaram a presença da prática da escrita atravessada pela pesquisa no contexto da formação inicial desse curso. A análise dos dados a partir do paradigma indiciário possibilitou pensar que as escritas produzidas na formação inicial docente passam por três eixos: das escritas oficiais, das escritas marginais e das escritas experienciais. Este trabalho traz contribuições para pensar em propostas que privilegiem a escrita dos futuros professores.

Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) are environmental bacteria found worldwide with a propensity to produce skin and soft-tissue infections. Among them, the most clinically relevant species is Mycobacterium abscessus. Multiple resistance to antibiotics and the ability to form biofilm contributes considerably to the treatment failure. The search of novel anti-mycobacterial agents for the control of biofilm growth mode is crucial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the activity of carvacrol (CAR) against planktonic and biofilm cells of resistant RGM strains. The susceptibility of RGM strains (n = 11) to antibiotics and CAR was assessed by MIC/MBC evaluation. The CAR activity was estimated by also vapour contact assay. The effect on biofilm formation and preformed biofilm was measured by evaluation of bacterial growth, biofilm biomass and biofilm metabolic activity. MIC values were equal to 64 μg/mL for most of RGM isolates (32-512 μg/mL), MBCs were 2-4 times higher than MICs, and MICs of vapours were lower (16 μg/mL for most RGM isolates) than MICs in liquid phase. Regarding the biofilm, CAR at concentrations of 1/2 × MIC and 1/4 × MIC showed a strong inhibition of biofilm formation (61-77%) and at concentration above the MIC (2-8 × MIC) produced significant inhibition of 4- and 8-day preformed biofilms. In conclusion, CAR could have a potential use, also in vapour phase, for the control of RGM.

BACKGROUND:Arboviruses and protozoans can cause neurologic disorders in horses. In Brazilian Amazon, several horses presenting signs compatible with disorders caused by these infectious agents have been observed. OBJECTIVE:To contribute to the knowledge of this epidemiological picture, we sought to construct a serological diagnostic panel for neurotrophic infectious agents in local horses. MATERIAL AND METHODS:A total of 213 blood samples from horses were collected from 29 farms in three municipalities. Samples were evaluated and considered positive when they met the following criteria: titers ≥ 1:80 with the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for apicomplexan protozoans; positive recombinant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with subsequent titers ≥ 1:10 by the PRNt for viruses; and detection under direct microscopic examination for Trypanosoma evansi. RESULTS:No horses were found to be infected by T. evansi, and only two were infected Toxoplasma gondii and/or Neospora spp. The highest protozoan infection rate was observed for Sarcocystis neurona (40.3%; n = 86/213). Among the positive ELISA samples tested by the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT90), 92% (n = 76/83) were positive for St Louis Encephalitis virus, 43% (n = 6/14) were positive for West Nile virus and 33% (n = 16/48) were positive for Mayaro virus. Eighteen percent (n = 39/213) of horses were co-infected by S. neurona and at least one arbovirus, particularly SLEV and/or MAYV. CONCLUSION:Samples positive for SLEV associated with S. neurona, including samples from horses that had recovered from neurological signs were frequent, and must be considered when investigating the possible causes of neurological diseases in South Roraima horses.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209007.].

O overtraining (OT) é o resultado do desequilíbrio entre a demanda do exercício e capacidade de recuperação do organismo, sendo os jogadores de futebol uma população de risco. O fisioterapeuta e a equipe multiprofissional estão envolvidas com o atleta e, assim, devem saber reconhecê-la e traçar o melhor programa de prevenção e reabilitação. Além dos sintomas, outra forma de identificação é através dos marcadores bioquímicos, sendo os principais: creatina fosfoquinase (CK), cortisol, lactato desidrogenase (LDH), ureia e creatinina. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar e descrever trabalhos retrospectivos que utilizaram marcadores bioquímicos para identificar a síndrome de OT em jogadores de futebol masculino. Método: Pesquisas nos bancos de dados do Scielo, Portal de Periódicos da Capes, PubMed, Lilacs e Portal de Pesquisa BVS com publicação entre 2005 e 2014, livros textos relacionados ao tema através das palavras chaves. Resultado: Foram analisadas 30 referências, dentre as quais 5 estavam de acordo com a metodologia aplicada. Dos marcadores, CK teve aumento em 2 estudos e diminuição em um, sendo atribuído ao repouso. Dois estudos demonstraram aumento de lactato e outros dois de cortisol. Apenas um estudo avaliou ureia, que permaneceu nos valores de referência e outro avaliou aumento de creatinina. Conclusão: A síndrome de OT é comum em jogadores de futebol masculino, porém não há marcadores bioquímicos específicos, até porque não há valores referenciais padronizados que possam ser utilizados. Sugere-se estudo que correlacione os principais marcadores com o OT de jogadores de futebol masculino a fim de encontrar valores referenciais específicos para detecção desta. ABSTRACT Biochemical markers of overtraining syndrome in male football players Overtraining (OT) is the result of the imbalance between the demand of the exercise and resilience of the body, football players are a risk population. The physiotherapist and the multidisciplinary team are involved with the athlete and thus should know to recognize it and draw the best rehabilitation program. In addition to the symptoms, other form of identification is through biochemical markers, the main being creatine phosphokinase (CK), cortisol, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), urea and creatinine. The objective of this study was to analyze and describe retrospective studies that used biochemical markers to identify the OT syndrome in male football players. Methods: Research in Scielo databases, journals Portal Capes, PubMed, Lilacs and VHL Research Portal with publication between 2005 and 2014, text books related to the subject through keywords. Results: 30 references were analyzed, of which 5 were in accordance with the methodology applied. Markers, CK had an increase of 2 studies and only one declined, being assigned to the home. Two studies showed increased lactate and two of cortisol. Only one study evaluated urea which remained on benchmarks and another increase of creatinine assessed. Conclusion: OT syndrome is common in male soccer players, but there is no specific biochemical markers, because there is no standardized reference values that can be used. It is suggested study that correlates the main markers with the OT male football players to find specific reference values to detect this.

Anti-virulence strategies are being explored as a novel approach to combat pathogens. Such strategies include inhibition of surface adhesion, tissue invasion, toxin production, and/or interference with the gene regulation of other virulence traits. Listeria monocytogenes, the causative agent of listeriosis, is a facultative intracellular food pathogen characterized by a wide distribution in the environment. Its ability to persist within biofilms and to develop resistance to sanitizers is the cause of significant problems in food processing plants and of steep costs for the food industry. In humans, the treatment of listeriosis is hampered by the intracellular location of listeriae and the poor intracellular penetration of some antibiotics. Eleven L. monocytogenes isolates from patients who were diagnosed with invasive listeriosis in Italy in 2014–2016 were studied. This in vitro and in vivo study explored the antibacterial and anti-virulence properties of a steam-distilled essential oil of Cannabis sativa L., which is being intensively investigated for its high content in powerful bioactive phytochemicals. Susceptibility experiments demonstrated a moderate bactericidal activity of the essential oil (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration > 2048 μg/mL). Assessment of the effects of sublethal concentrations of the essential oil on L. monocytogenes virulence traits demonstrated a significant action on motility. Listeriae were non-motile after exposure to the essential oil. Light and scanning electron microscopy documented aggregates of listeriae with the flagella trapped inside the cluster. Real-time RT-PCR experiments showed downregulation of flagellar motility genes and of the regulatory gene prfA. The ability to form biofilm and to invade Caco-2 cells was also significantly reduced. Galleria mellonella larvae infected with L. monocytogenes grown in presence of sublethal concentrations of the essential oil showed much higher survival rates compared with controls, suggesting that the extract inhibited tissue invasion. Food contamination with L. monocytogenes is a major concern for the food industry, particularly for plants making ready-to-eat and processed food. The present work provides a baseline in the study of the anti-virulence properties of the C. sativa essential oil against L. monocytogenes. Further studies are needed to understand if it could be used as an alternative agent for the control of L. monocytogenes in food processing plants.

Abstract Recent genetic population studies on Toxoplasma gondii in Brazil have shown large genetic variability. The objective of the present study was to isolate and genotypically characterize T. gondii from free-ranging and captive wild mammals and birds in Pernambuco state, Brazil. Fragments of heart, brain, skeletal muscle and diaphragm tissue from 71 birds and 34 mammals, which were either free-ranging or captive, were collected. Samples from 32 of these animals were subjected to bioassays in mice. Samples from the remaining 73 animals underwent biomolecular diagnosis, using PCR technique, targeting a repetitive DNA fragment of 529 bp in T. gondii. A non-virulent isolate (TgButstBrPE1) was obtained from a free-ranging striated heron (Butorides striata) and, based on primary samples, seven animals were found to be positive. The primary samples and the isolate obtained were subjected to PCR-RFLP using the markers SAG1, 5’3’SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, Apico and CS3. ToxoDB-RFLP genotype #13 from the striated heron isolate and Type BrIII genotype from a captive otter ( Lontra longicaudis) (PS-TgLonloBrPE1) were obtained. The present study describes the first isolation and genotypic characterization of T. gondii in free-ranging striated heron, and the first genotypic characterization of T. gondii in a captive otter.