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Abstract Cancer patients often undergo rounds of trial-and-error to find the most effective treatment because there is no test in the clinical practice for predicting therapy response. Here, we conduct a clinical study to validate the zebrafish patient-derived xenograft model (zAvatar) as a fast predictive platform for personalized treatment in colorectal cancer. zAvatars are generated with patient tumor cells, treated exactly with the same therapy as their corresponding patient and analyzed at single-cell resolution. By individually comparing the clinical responses of 55 patients with their zAvatar-test, we develop a decision tree model integrating tumor stage, zAvatar-apoptosis, and zAvatar-metastatic potential. This model accurately forecasts patient progression with 91% accuracy. Importantly, patients with a sensitive zAvatar-test exhibit longer progression-free survival compared to those with a resistant test. We propose the zAvatar-test as a rapid approach to guide clinical decisions, optimizing treatment options and improving the survival of cancer patients.

Background: Although the barbell hip thrust exercise is widely performed in resistance training programs, evidence on its effectiveness to inducing glutes muscle hypertrophy is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of performing 45º leg press and stiff-leg deadlift (L-S) vs. performing 45º leg press, stiff-leg deadlift plus barbell hip thrust (L-S-BHT) on gluteus maximus muscle size. Methods: The participants were 33 untrained young women randomly separated into 2 resistance training groups: L-S (n = 15) and L-S-BHT (n = 18). The muscle thickness of the gluteus maximus was assessed through B-mode ultrasound before and after 30 resistance training sessions. The resistance training program was carried out over 10 weeks, 3 days week-1. Results: Both training regimens elicited significant increases in gluteus maximus muscle thickness from pre to post-training (P < 0.001). Notably, L-S-BHT had superior augments (L-S-BHT = +9.3% vs. L-S = +6.0%, P = 0.016). Conclusion: The current results suggest that performing barbell hip thrust, in addition to 45º leg press and stiff-leg deadlift, enhances muscle hypertrophy of the gluteus maximus compared to performing exclusively 45º leg press and stiff-leg deadlift.

Sporotrichosis is a fungal anthropozoonosis that has become a major public health problem in tropical countries. With that in mind, this study analyzed the relationship between this disease and demographic, socioeconomic and public health issues in Belém, State of Pará, Brazil, from 2020 to 2022. This ecological and cross-sectional study used data from the Belém Zoonosis Control Center, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and the Health Ministry. Descriptive and spatial analyses were performed employing significance statistical, kernel, buffer and Moran techniques. One hundred sporotrichosis cases in cats and 49 in humans were analyzed. The results showed that the individuals most affected were women (61.22 %), adults (87.76 %), with the cutaneous form (95.92 %), diagnosed histopathologically (38.78 %), still undergoing treatment (46.94 %) and that the form of contagion was through cat scratches or bites (73.47 %). The profile also showed quantitative significance of ignored data related to treatment (65.31 %) and cat presence at home (63.27 %). The disease had a non-homogeneous distribution with very high densities in Campina de Icoaraci, Águas Negras and Parque Guajará. Those neighborhoods presented a very low Living Conditions Index and precarious services and health centers. The spatial dependence between the environmental and socioeconomic studied variables evidenced the establishment of an active transmission circuit for sporotrichosis in peripheral areas of the city, related to health inequalities with an underlying possible epidemiological silence, suggesting the need for expanding One Health public policies, aiming the sustainable development.

Background and Aim: Studies on ticks of public health concern in equine husbandry are scarce in the Northeastern region of Brazil. This study aimed to investigate the presence of ticks on horses in the State of Alagoas, which is classified as a silent area for human rickettsiosis. Materials and Methods: Ticks infesting horses were collected using anatomical tweezers or a commercial hook and kept in ethanol-labeled tubes for taxonomic identification. Results: A total of 2,238 ticks were found. Ticks were identified as 2,215 (98.89%, 95% CI: 98.41–99.28) Dermacentor nitens, 19 (0.98%, 95% CI: 0.05–1.38) Amblyomma sculptum, and 4 (0.18%; 95% CI: 0.007–0.46) Rhipicephalus microplus. Conclusion: This is the first study to report A. sculptum and D. nitens in the State of Alagoas. The presence of A. sculptum should draw the attention of public health managers once Alagoas State is considered a silent area for rickettsial diseases, which means the absence of local surveillance programs for these pathogens.

Purpose Exergames purportedly aim to gamify physical activity, achieving both the high engagement rates found in video games and the health benefits derived from regular exercise. Therefore, this study sought to verify the influence of the EA ® Active Sport 2 ® game level on heart rate, perceived exertion and future intention to play, affection, and fun. Methods 28 individuals (19 men and 9 women) aged between 19 and 25 years, students, participated in the study. The volunteers had their body composition measured and completed an exercise preference and tolerance questionnaire. On the second visit, the participants had their resting heart rate measured and, subsequently, underwent a maximum incremental test to determine the ventilatory thresholds. The third and fifth visits tested different exercise intensities (light, moderate and strong) determined by EA Active Sport, for PlayStation 3. To minimise the risk of bias, the sessions were randomised. Heart rate, affection, perceived exertion, motivation and future intention to play were measured in game sessions. Results During exercise, the mean heart rate (HR) at rest was below the heart rate reserve (HRres) and the ventilatory threshold 1 (LV1) in low-intensity exercise and in the lower limit of the heavy domain for moderate and Active Game High. The assessment of perceived exertion (RPE) and affection did not show differences between the different intensities of the game. Conclusions The EA Active Sport 2 differentiates light from moderate and high-intensity exercise, but not between moderate and high game intensities. Affection, RPE, intention to play, and enjoyment did not differ between game intensities.

This article aims to provide a guide that will help healthcare professionals and clinical researchers from all fields that deal with Kaplan-Meier curves. Survival analysis methods are among the most frequently used in the medical sciences and in clinical research. Overall survival, progression free survival, time to recurrence, or any other clinically relevant parameter represented by a Kaplan-Meier curve will be discussed. We will present a practical and straightforward interpretation of these curves, setting aside intricate mathematical considerations. Our focus will be on essential concepts that interface with biological sciences and medicine in order to guarantee proficiency in one of the most popular yet frequently misunderstood methods in clinical research. Being familiar with these concepts is not only essential for designing new clinical studies but also for critically assessing and interpreting published data.

Abstract Background We systematically reviewed the literature and performed a meta-analysis on the effects of speech therapy and phonosurgery, for transgender women, in relation to the fundamental frequency gain of the voice, regarding the type of vocal sample collected, and we compared the effectiveness of the treatments. In addition, the study design, year, country, types of techniques used, total therapy time, and vocal assessment protocols were analyzed. Methods We searched the PubMed, Lilacs, and SciELO databases for observational studies and clinical trials, published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish, between January 2010 and January 2023. The selection of studies was carried out according to Prisma 2020. The quality of selected studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Results Of 493 studies, 31 were deemed potentially eligible and retrieved for full-text review and 16 were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Six studies performed speech therapy and ten studies phonosurgery. The speech therapy time did not influence the post-treatment gain in voice fundamental frequency (p = 0.6254). The type of sample collected significantly influenced the post-treatment voice frequency gain (p

The experimental activities for undergraduate chemistry students play an important role to develop skills and expertise in that science thus, the practice-experimental classes are so important to achieve this purpose. This work deals with a demonstrative experience for dye separation from food coloring sample using liquid column chromatography. Beyond the experimental practice and the facility in visualizing the separation, this demonstration shows how a simple experiment involving alternative and easy access materials can promote a meaningful learning once it is possible to handle the acquired data, trace and analyze the results themselves, thus developing skills rather than the operational procedure. This proposal could be implemented in initial chemistry classes in Brazilian universities. Sea and river sands were used as stationary phases and aqueous ethanolic solutions were used as mobile phases. A food coloring (a mixture of 3 dyes) was chosen as sample to be studied. Chromatographic separation was followed by spectrophotometric measurements. A set of analyses were carried out to discuss the solubility of the food coloring, granulometric studies of the stationary phases used and electronic microscopy images of the sands studied here. As alternative materials were used in this work, a chromatographic column was also constructed with low-cost materials.

As doenças que afetam os jovens refletem a organização social e os determinantes sócio-epidemiológicos, dentre elas as doenças transmissíveis, são consideradas um marco para mensurar a qualidade de vida, uma vez que refletem diretamente a educação e as condições de saúde de uma população. Este estudo objetiva descrever o perfil de saúde sexual e a prevalência de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis na população de estudantes de uma universidade pública. Pesquisa seccional, exploratória, de abordagem quantitativa, de maio a agosto de 2021. Participaram 144 universitários, com predomínio do gênero feminino (78,5%), na faixa etária de 18 a 22 anos (45,8%) e raça branca (81,3%). Os resultados sinalizam a necessidade de aprofundamento da temática no contexto universitário, bem como apontam a relevância das ações de prevenção combinada, reafirmando serem prementes as ações de promoção da saúde junto à população de jovens universitários.

Introduction Those with an altered appearance as a result of injury, health condition or treatment can face stigma, which may contribute to adverse psychosocial outcomes. However, current research tends to focus on supporting individuals themselves to cope, rather than targeting societal stigma. This study aimed to reduce societal stigma towards this group, through the use of a documentary about people with scars. Methods 146 adults completed questionnaires before and after viewing the documentary. Results After viewing, participants had reduced self-reported intentions to behave in a stigmatising way towards those with visible differences, broader conceptualisation of beauty, and more positive body-esteem. Qualitative data also suggested further positive impacts. Conclusion Those with visible differences (for example scars) are subject to societal stigmatisation which perpetuates psychological and social problems. Therefore, alleviating social stigma through the media, as demonstrated through the documentary in this study, may improve the lives of those living with visible differences. Lay Summary People with an altered appearance or scars as a result of injury, health condition or treatment can face stigma, which may contribute to harmful psychological and social outcomes. However, current research tends to focus on supporting affected individuals themselves to cope, rather than targeting societal stigma. This study aimed to find out whether a documentary about people with scars was successful at reducing viewers’ stigma towards this group. A group of 146 adults completed questionnaires before and after viewing the documentary. After viewing, questionnaires indicated that participants had reduced intentions to behave in a stigmatising way towards those with visible differences. Furthermore, they also viewed a broader range of appearances as beautiful and felt more positive about their own bodies. Comments and feedback from participants also suggested further positive impacts. Those with visible differences (for example scars) are subject to societal stigmatisation which can cause and worsen mental health problems. Therefore, alleviating social stigma through the media, as demonstrated through the documentary in this study, may improve the lives of those living with visible differences.

Human Visceral Leishmaniasis is an endemic public health problem in the Amazon. This article analyzed the spatial distribution of this disease and its relationship with socioeconomic, environmental and public health policy variables in four mesoregions of the state of Pará, from 2011 to 2022. This ecological study used secondary data obtained from official Brazilian agencies. Spatial analysis was performed using the Flow, Kernel and Global Moran bivariate techniques expressed in thematic maps. In the mesoregions studied, 2685 cases of the disease were confirmed, with the highest number of cases in Southeast Pará state. The epidemiological profile followed the national pattern of occurrence of the disease, with a higher number of cases in children below school age. Spatial dependence was observed between the prevalence of the disease and socio-economic indicators. The most intense movement of patients was towards the Belém Metropolitan mesoregion. The disease showed an inhomogeneous pattern of distribution of cases, with a direct relationship between areas with cases and deforestation associated with different anthropic activities. There is a socio-environmental production of the disease that goes beyond the border limits of the mesoregions, and its establishment is related to the unsustainable development model implemented in the region.

ABSTRACT Background: Malaria is a parasitosis conditioned by several factors. This study sought to analyze the spatial distribution of malaria considering environmental, socioeconomic, and political variables in São Félix do Xingu, Pará, Brazil, from 2014 to 2020. Methods: Epidemiological, cartographic, and environmental data were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Brazilian Geographical and Statistical Institute, and National Space Research Institute. Statistical and spatial distribution analyses were performed using chi-squared tests of expected equal proportions and the kernel and bivariate global Moran’s techniques with Bioestat 5.0 and ArcGIS 10.5.1. Results: The highest percentage of cases occurred in adult males with brown skin color, mainly placer miners, with a primary education level, living in rural areas, who were infected with Plasmodium vivax and with parasitemia of two or three crosses as diagnosed by the thick drop/smear test. The disease had a non-homogeneous distribution, with distinct annual parasite indices associated with administrative districts and clusters of cases in locations with deforestation, mining, and pastures close to Conservation Units and Indigenous Lands. Thus, a direct relationship between areas with cases and environmental degradation associated with land use was demonstrated, along with the precarious availability of health services. Pressure on protected areas and epidemiological silence in Indigenous Lands were also noted. Conclusions: Environmental and socioeconomic circuits were identified for development of diseases associated with precarious health services in the municipality. These findings highlight the need to intensify malaria surveillance and contribute to the systematic knowledge of malaria’s epidemiology by considering the complexity of its conditioning factors.

Este trabalho trata-se de uma narrativa de experiência, vivenciada e fundamentada na implementação do projeto pedagógico “The different is not ugly”. Com esta pesquisa pretendemos compreender se e como foi possível desenvolver a competência crítica de aprendizes de língua inglesa, partindo da leitura de uma adaptação do conto de fadas The ugly duckling, originalmente escrito por Hans Christian Andersen. Para tanto, nos ancoramos numa concepção crítica de língua como discurso (FAIRCLOUGH, 2008), de texto como uma construção multimodal (ROJO, 2019) e da experiência de aprendizagem como uma possibilidade de letramento crítico, organizada metodologicamente num ciclo de redesign de textos (JANKS, 2010). Em termos metodológicos, o presente estudo segue uma orientação qualitativa e configura-se como uma pesquisa-ação. Participaram do projeto alunos do 9º ano de uma escola pública municipal, localizada na zona rural da cidade Apodi-RN. O desenvolvimento da prática deu-se em formato remoto, tendo em vista a situação pandêmica atual. A partir dessa experiência pedagógica pudemos observar que as tarefas desenvolvidas no decorrer do projeto colaboraram para o desenvolvimento da criticidade dos aprendizes, ao passo que os participantes se locomoviam dos sentidos literais para os sentidos ideológicos dos textos, conseguindo enxergar e debater sobre situações reais, mesmo tendo como base enquadramentos ficcionais da história “The ugly duckling”.

O lixo no mar é um problema crescente e mundial. Governador Celso Ramos é um município situado no litoral central de Santa Catarina e o turismo e a pesca são atividades econômicas predominantes. Este estudo testou hipóteses relativas à variabilidade sazonal e a origem mais provável do lixo marinho através de uma amostragem com replicação espacial e temporal. A influência da estação do ano na densidade de lixo marinho não foi fator consistente entre as praias estudadas. Itens provavelmente associados à pesca foram mais presentes no inverno, enquanto que itens associados ao uso recreativo foram mais presentes no verão. Esses resultados poderão auxiliar a municipalidade a melhor direcionar as iniciativas de gestão e educação ambiental visando o combate ao lixo no mar.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT) followed by surgery represents the standard of care in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Increasing radiotherapy (RT) doses and chemotherapy cycles with 5FU have been associated with increased rates of complete response, however these strategies imply significant toxicity. In the last years, epidemiologic findings have demonstrated that metformin is associated with significantly higher rates of pathological complete response to nCRT. Also, pre-clinical studies using cell lines provide evidence for the radiosensitive effect of metformin. However, no studies have been performed using rectal cancer patient samples to test this radiosensitive effect of metformin and compared it to the standard 5FU. Here, we designed an experimental study to compare both radiosensitizers in the zebrafish xenograft model (zAvatar), using rectal cancer surgical specimens and diagnostic biopsies. Patient zAvatars confirmed that metformin has indeed a powerful in vivo radiosensitizer effect, similar to 5FU. Our work confirms that metformin constitutes a promising less toxic alternative to the standard 5FU, which could be game changing in elderly/frail patients to optimize tumor regression.

Objetivo: Avaliar a situação dos serviços de farmácia da rede de hospitais públicos da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde da Bahia (SESAB). Métodos: Estudo corte transversal, descritivo e exploratório conduzido entre os anos de 2007 e 2008. Para avaliar as atividades da farmácia hospitalar foi utilizado um questionário padronizado contendo sessenta e dois indicadores distribuídos nos seguintes componentes: gerenciamento, seleção de medicamentos, logística, distribuição, informação, seguimento farmacoterapêutico e farmacotécnica. Resultados: Foram aplicados questionários em vinte e dois hospitais, sendo 12 (54,5%) localizados na capital, e, 10 (45,5%), no interior do estado. Quanto ao tipo de atendimento, 13 (59,1%) eram hospitais gerais. Cinco (22,7%) hospitais não possuíam relação de medicamentos selecionados e 9 (40,9%) possuíam protocolos escritos para o uso de pelo menos um medicamento específico. A maioria das unidades hospitalares possuíam farmacêuticos (86,3%). Somente três não possuíam farmacêutico. Quanto à localização, 15 (68,2%) farmácias estavam localizadas dentro do prédio de enfermarias/unidades de internação do hospital. Sobre a estrutura das farmácias, 81,8% delas apresentaram distribuição de medicamentos, 31,8% dispensação ambulatorial e 59,1%, setor administrativo. Doze farmácias (54.5%) estavam ligadas à área clínica no organograma do hospital. Quanto à gestão de estoque e condições de armazenamento, apenas 4 (18,2%) hospitais apresentaram sistema informatizado. Conclusões: As farmácias dos hospitais sob gestão direta da SESAB apresentaram baixo desempenho na maioria dos indicadores dos componentes avaliados e predomínio de atividades administrativas sobre as clínicas.

Cephalexin (CEX) is an antibiotic commonly used to treat bacterial infections in humans and animals. However, it is also a micropollutant. Thus, this study evaluated the degradation of CEX using ultraviolet irradiation (UV-C) and analyzed the by-products as well as their residual antimicrobial activity. A reactor with a mercury vapor lamp was used for the degradation. Irradiated CEX solutions were collected over a period of 4 hours and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. For the residual antimicrobial activity the susceptibility test was performed using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli microorganisms by broth microdilution. It was found that CEX, after treatment, generated a metabolite with a mass of 150 m/z in 15 min. A four- and eightfold increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration of the drug against S. aureus and E. coli could be observed, respectively, after 20 min. Therefore, this treatment proved to be effective in the degradation of CEX, being able to degrade 81% of the initial molecule of the drug in 20 min. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the CEX solution decreased as the irradiation time increased, indicating loss of antimicrobial function of the initial CEX molecule and the resulting by-products. HIGHLIGHTS Degradation of micropollutant cephalexin.; Metabolites analyzed and residual antimicrobial activity.; Water treatment with irradiation.; Antimicrobial activity using susceptibility test.;

O lixo no mar é um problema crescente e mundial, que causa impactos sociais, econômicos e ambientais. Debates sobre o lixo no mar são importantes para a sensibilização das pessoas. Nesse sentido esta pesquisa objetiva relatar resultados preliminares sobre a elaboração de coleção didático-científica de lixo no mar, como uma ferramenta de educação ambiental marinha e costeira. A montagem da coleção se deu por meio de coletas de macrolixo encontrados nas praias do município de Governador Celso Ramos (SC), entre 2019 e 2020, durante atividade de monitoramento ambiental. Os itens foram selecionados, lavados, secos e identificados de acordo com sua composição e origem mais provável, para serem acondicionados em potes transparentes e rotulados. Após montagem da coleção, foi realizada sua exposição na Escola do Meio Ambiente do município. A coleção poderá auxiliar nas ações de educação ambiental da prefeitura, visando a sensibilização ambiental dos alunos da rede municipal de ensino e também dos pescadores e usuários das praias, dois atores relevantes da geração de lixo marinho nesse município.

O artigo discute a Música na Educação Infantil a partir das proposições referenciadas na Base Nacional Comum Curricular (2017). Trata-se de uma análise sobre o estabelecimento da Educação Musical como proposta de motivar essa linguagem expressiva das crianças desde a infância. A metodologia científica utilizada se delineou pela pesquisa bibliográfica. Diante desta investigação, depreende-se que a prática da Educação Musical, disposta no currículo da Educação Infantil, antes deve servir de proposta para a formação musical do professor a fim de contribuir e oportunizar a atividade intencional musical na infância.

Resumo: A mineração representa um desafio do ponto de vista sustentável, por ser uma atividade que provoca impactos diretos para o meio ambiente, conforme observado nos crimes socioambientais ocorridos no estado de Minas Gerais. Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo avaliar quais foram as mudanças de concepção apresentadas pelos estudantes do Ensino Médio sobre esse impacto, após a aplicação de uma sequência didática com enfoque Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade associado com a dinâmica dos três momentos pedagógicos (3MP), baseada nos princípios de Paulo Freire. A sequência didática foi composta por seis aulas, com as atividades: análise de imagens, reportagens e documentários, jogo de tabuleiro, visita orientada, debates e estudo de caso. Os resultados revelam que a dialogicidade presente nas atividades em todos os três MPs potencializou o processo de ensino e de aprendizagem, pois os alunos conseguiram incorporar, aplicar, posicionar e tomar decisões em assuntos relacionados à temática trabalhada, incluindo aspectos políticos, sociais, ambientais, econômicos e científicos.

A degradação da zona costeira no município de Florianópolis está associada ao crescimento da população e a sua expansão urbana, que tem aumentado a pressão sobre os ecossistemas. A ESEC Carijós foi criada em 1987 com o objetivo de conservação dos manguezais na ilha catarinense. O presente artigo buscou avaliar a efetividade da ESEC, frente à urbanização da sua área de entorno. Analisando a efetividade dessa unidade de conservação, através da comparação de imagens do satélite Landsat, com o uso do Software QGIS, pode-se observar que houve expansão urbana até os limites da UC e que a zona de amortecimento, não delimitada pelo decreto de criação da unidade, nem por seu plano de manejo, oferece oportunidade para que haja ocupação em seu entorno imediato. Portanto, a criação da zona de amortecimento se faz necessária e de extrema relevância, para ao menos regular o desenvolvimento das áreas ainda não ocupadas.

O café é uma planta perene e de regiões quentes, principalmente dos trópicos. Seu fruto é uma importante commodity no mercado mundial de produtos agrícolas, sendo o segundo maior gerador de riquezas do planeta, perdendo apenas para o petróleo. As espécies Coffea arabica e Coffea canephora são as de maior interesse econômico. A presença de polinizadores, como as abelhas, garante uma maior produtividade e qualidade dos grãos, atendendo assim a demanda do mercado. A abelha Apis mellifera é apontada como o polinizador de maior importância agrícola no mundo por ser uma espécie generalista, essa mesma espécie foi a mais frequente nas observações realizadas em plantações de café. Assim, tendo em vista estes aspectos, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo reunir dados referentes à cultura do café e sua produtividade no Brasil.

The insertion of antibiotics in water resources results from anthropogenic sources; however, at residual concentrations, they characterize potential risks to the ecosystem, such as the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria. It is necessary to develop technologies to provide sustainable solutions for low- and middle-income countries. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the ability to remove the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CPX) with a biosorbent produced with pecan shells (PSB). The PSB structure was determined by scanning electron microscopy and spectroscopy in the infrared region by Fourier Transform. For adsorption assays, solutions of 10 mg L−1 of CPX were used. The results show that the process reaches equilibrium at 240 min, and follows the pseudo-second order model kinetic and the Freundlich equilibrium model. The increase in temperature and the pH variation of the solution strongly influence the process. In general, the adsorption of CPX using PS is a potential method for treating water and contaminated effluents, as well as being a low-cost method; this is because it uses a byproduct from the agricultural industry that results in a reduction of approximately 60% of the antibiotic load contained in the liquid effluent.

Human visceral leishmaniasis is a major public health problem in the Amazon. Thus, we analyzed the spatial distribution of this disease and its relationship with epidemiological, socioeconomic, and environmental variables in the Carajás Integration Region, Pará state, from 2011 to 2020. Epidemiological data for this ecological study were obtained from the State Public Health Secretariat, environmental data were obtained from the National Space Research Institute, and socioeconomic data were obtained from the Brazilian Geography and Statistics Institute. ArcGIS 10.5.1 software was used for classifying land use and cover and for the Kernel and Moran spatial analyses. It was observed in 685 confirmed cases that the epidemiological profile followed the national pattern of the disease occurrence, with a high prevalence in children who were not school-aged. The disease had a non-homogeneous distribution with clusters related to different human activities, such as urbanization, ranching, and mining. A spatial dependence between the disease prevalence and socioeconomic indicators was observed. The municipalities presented gradients of case densities associated with a direct relationship between areas with cases and deforestation. The disease is developing due to risk factors such as establishment and maintenance related to the non-sustainable development model implemented in the region, pointing to the need for its revision.

Objective: To report the authors’ experiences regarding the training of faculty members for Interprofessional Education teaching. Development: Experience report using direct observation of the activities of professors from two public universities in the state of Bahia, between 2014 and 2019. The data were recorded in a field diary, organized by thematic approach and analyzed in its parts and in the relationships between the training of faculty members and the teaching of Interprofessional Education. Three dimensions were identified: concerns and reflections in practical activities; movement towards the teaching of Interprofessional Education; and movement in postgraduate health education. Conclusion: The experiences in the training of faculty members contributed to teaching, regarding Interprofessional Education, by raising reflections on the movements for training faculty members for interprofessional education and findings on the possibilities of the training of professors. We expect that these initiatives are implemented on a permanent basis and in different teaching spaces.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a global public health problem with high incidence and mortality. The chemotherapeutic agents used in the clinic, alone or in combination, usually lead to important side effects. Thus, the discovery and development of new antineoplastic drugs are essential to improve disease prognosis and reduce toxicity. In the present study, acridine-core naphthoquinone compounds were synthesized and evaluated for their antitumor activity in OSCC cells. The mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity parameters of the most promising compound was further analyzed using in silico, in vitro, and in vivo methods. Among the derivatives, compound 4e was highly cytotoxic (29.99 µM) and selective (SI 2.9) at levels comparable and generally superior to chemotherapeutic controls. Besides, compound 4e proved to be non-hemolytic, stable, and well tolerated in animals at all doses tested. Mechanistically, compound 4e promoted cell death by apoptosis in the OSCC cell, and molecular docking studies suggested this compound possibly targets enzymes important for tumor progression, such as RSK2, PKM2, and topoisomerase IIα. Importantly, compound 4e presented a pharmacological profile within desirable parameters for drug development, showing promise for future preclinical trials.

Esta pesquisa tem como propósito de investigação a análise do trabalho prescrito a partir dos documentos oficiais que visam direcionar a atividade do professor de Língua Portuguesa no contexto do ENEM. Nesta pesquisa qualitativa de caráter documental, elegemos, como objeto de análise, a Matriz de Referência para a redação do ENEM, documento que orienta a correção da redação produzida no exame. Para tanto, apoiamo-nos nas noções apresentadas por Amigues (2004), Machado (2009), Souza-e-Silva (2004), Shohamy (2006) e Rajagopalan (2013), visando discutir as relações que se estabelecem no desenvolvimento do trabalho docente a partir das novas demandas do ensino, as quais influenciam e são influenciadas por políticas linguísticas. As análises dos documentos indicam que, ao funcionar como parâmetro para a avaliação das redações, o documento acaba exercendo influência no direcionamento da metodologia utilizada pelo professor de LP, que deve promover o desenvolvimento das competências necessárias ao bom desempenho na prova.

ABSTRACT Objective The use of and access to dental services in Brazil are unevenly distributed, despite governmental efforts to make the national health system universal and egalitarian. This study aims to evaluate the access to and use of dental services by psychoactive substances users at the Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas (Psychosocial Alcohol and Drug Care Centers) in the Greater Vitoria area, ES. Methods A transversal study was conducted with 280 participants. Five scripts were used for data collection, one for socio-demographic data and health perception, another for oral health, along with the Oral Health Impact Profile, the Alcohol Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test, and the World Health Organization Quality of Lifeinstrument. Data were displayed infrequency tables. The association between demographic factors with drug use, frequency of use and quality of life was tested using Fisher’s test. The Odds Ratio was used to determine the strength of the association. Results Dental services were used 32.14% of the study population and individuals at high risk for crack dependence were 2.3 times more likely not to use dental services in previous 6 months. Conclusion The study population showed a satisfactory utilization of the dental services offered while individuals at higher risk of crack addiction used them much less frequently.

RESUMO As estratégias de aprendizagem são processos autorregulatórios de aquisição e uso do conhecimento que devem ser constantemente estimuladas para um amplo aproveitamento da vida acadêmica. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de um programa de promoção de estratégias de aprendizagem em universitários. Utilizou-se metodologia quasi-experimental com 20 alunos de Psicologia, distribuídos em grupo experimental e controle, sendo realizados pré-teste, pós-teste e um ndican pós-teste quatro meses após a intervenção. O programa consistiu de oito encontros, focalizando-se a metacognição, administração de recursos internos e contextuais e autorregulação social. O primeiro pós-teste indicou aumento significativo da ndic do grupo experimental, que se manteve no ndican pós-teste, sendo o principal aumento observado na autorregulação de recursos. O grupo controle não modificou significativamente seu escore total ao longo dos pós-testes e ainda apresentou diminuição ndicant tive na autorregulação social. Os resultados indicam eficácia da intervenção e reforçam a relevância de programas dessa natureza.

Yellow Fever (YF) vaccination is suggested to induce a large number of adverse events (AE) and suboptimal responses in patients with autoimmune diseases (AID); however, there have been no studies on 17DD-YF primary vaccination performance in patients with AID. This prospective non-interventional study conducted between March and July, 2017 assessed the safety and immunogenicity of planned 17DD-YF primary vaccination in patients with AID. Adult patients with AID (both sexes) were enrolled, along with healthy controls, at a single hospital (Vitória, Brazil). Included patients were referred for planned vaccination by a rheumatologist; in remission, or with low disease activity; and had low level immunosuppression or the attending physician advised interruption of immunosuppression for safety reasons. The occurrence of AE, neutralizing antibody kinetics, seropositivity rates, and 17DD-YF viremia were evaluated at various time points (day 0 (D0), D3, D4, D5, D6, D14, and D28). Individuals evaluated (n = 278), including patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA; 79), spondyloarthritis (SpA; 59), systemic sclerosis (8), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; 27), primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS; 54), and healthy controls (HC; 51). Only mild AE were reported. The frequency of local and systemic AE in patients with AID and HC did not differ significantly (8 vs. 10% and 21 vs. 32%; p = 1.00 and 0.18, respectively). Patients with AID presented late seroconversion profiles according to kinetic timelines of the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). PRNT-determined virus titers (copies/mL) [181 (95% confidence interval (CI), 144–228) vs. 440 (95% CI, 291–665), p = 0.004] and seropositivity rate (78 vs. 96%, p = 0.01) were lower in patients with AID after 28 days, particularly those with SpA (73%) and SLE (73%), relative to HC. The YF viremia peak (RNAnemia) was 5–6 days after vaccination in all groups. In conclusion, consistent seroconversion rates were observed in patients with AID and our findings support that planned 17DD-YF primary vaccination is safe and immunogenic in patients with AID.

Abstract Background Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) is a major public health problem. As a form of prevention and control, preparations of chlorhexidine are used extensively; however, the reduction of susceptibility to chlorhexidine has been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the susceptibility to chlorhexidine and the distribution of the qacA/B genes in 211 clinical isolates of coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS). Methods CoNS were identified by conventional biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by disk-diffusion. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of chlorhexidine was determined by agar dilution test; detection of the qacA/B and mecA genes were evaluated by PCR. Results The most frequently isolated species were S. epidermidis, S. hominis hominis, S. auricularis, and S. haemolyticus, respectively. The strains presented a multidrug resistance profile of 87%, including methicillin resistance. Reduced susceptibility to chlorhexidine was observed in 31%. The qacA/B genes were detected in samples resistant (32/32) and susceptible (17/32) to chlorhexidine. The vast majority (94%) of the samples with reduced susceptibility to chlorhexidine were multidrug resistant. Conclusions Our results show that qacA/B genes are not restricted to strains expressing chlorhexidine resistance. Further studies are needed to understand how the expression of these genes occurs.

Prevention of orthopedic implant-related infections is a major medical challenge, particularly due to the involvement of biofilm-encased and multidrug-resistant bacteria. Current therapies, based on antibiotic administration, have proven to be insufficient, and infection prevalence may rise due to the dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted attention as promising substitutes of conventional antibiotics, owing to their broad-spectrum of activity, high efficacy at very low concentrations, and, importantly, low propensity for inducing resistance. The aim of this review is to offer an updated perspective of the development of AMPs-based preventive strategies for orthopedic and dental implant-related infections. In this regard, two major research strategies are herein addressed, namely (i) AMP-releasing systems from titanium-modified surfaces and from bone cements or beads; and (ii) AMP immobilization strategies used to graft AMPs onto titanium or other model surfaces with potential translation as coatings. In overview, releasing strategies have evolved to guarantee higher loadings, prolonged and targeted delivery periods upon infection. In addition, avant-garde self-assembling strategies or polymer brushes allowed higher immobilized peptide surface densities, overcoming bioavailability issues. Future research efforts should focus on the regulatory demands for pre-clinical and clinical validation towards clinical translation.

Background: Whereas the role of neoadjuvant radiotherapy in rectal cancer is well-established, the ability to discriminate between radioresistant and radiosensitive tumors before starting treatment is still a crucial unmet need. Here we aimed to develop an in vivo test to directly challenge living cancer cells to radiotherapy, using zebrafish xenografts. Methods: We generated zebrafish xenografts using colorectal cancer cell lines and patient biopsies without in vitro passaging, and developed a fast radiotherapy protocol consisting of a single dose of 25 Gy. As readouts of the impact of radiotherapy we analyzed proliferation, apoptosis, tumor size and DNA damage. Findings: By directly comparing isogenic cells that only differ in the KRASG13D allele, we show that it is possible to distinguish radiosensitive from radioresistant tumors in zebrafish xenografts, even in polyclonal tumors, in just 4 days. Most importantly, we performed proof-of-concept experiments using primary rectum biopsies, where clinical response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy correlates with induction of apoptosis in their matching zebrafish Patient-Derived Xenografts-Avatars. Interpretation: Our work opens the possibility to predict tumor responses to radiotherapy using the zebrafish Avatar model, sparing valuable therapeutic time and unnecessary toxicity. Keywords: Chemoradiotherapy, Colorectal cancer, Zebrafish avatars, Personalized medicine, Radiotherapy

O presente trabalho tem como objetivos alertar a comunidade cartográfica para a necessidade de preservação de monumentos históricos da Cartografia brasileira, bem como apresentar a situação atual de um dos marcos de referência da geodésia e do mapeamento sistemático do território nacional brasileiro. Seja pela consideração deste ponto estar presente em grande parte das cartas topográficas estudadas nas disciplinas de Cartografia, para os cursos de Engenharia Cartográfica, Engenharia de Agrimensura, de Geografia e outros, seja pela consideração de que este monumento já deva fazer parte da Cartografia Histórica de nosso país - o datum do sistema South America Datum de 1969 (SAD- 69) – o vértice Chuá.

Background: Cancers of the pancreas and biliary tree remain one of the most aggressive oncological malignancies, with most patients relying on systemic chemotherapy. However, effective biomarkers to predict the best therapy option for each patient are still lacking. In this context, an assay able to evaluate individual responses prior to treatment would be of great value for clinical decisions. Here we aimed to develop such a model using zebrafish xenografts to directly challenge pancreatic cancer cells to the available chemotherapies. Methods: Zebrafish xenografts were generated from a Panc-1 cell line to optimize the pancreatic setting. Pancreatic surgical resected samples, without in vitro expansion, were used to establish zebrafish patient-derived xenografts (zAvatars). Upon chemotherapy exposure, zAvatars were analyzed by single-cell confocal microscopy. Results: We show that Panc-1 zebrafish xenografts are able to reveal tumor responses to both FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine plus nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel in just 4 days. Moreover, we established pancreatic and ampullary zAvatars with patient-derived tumors representative of different histological types. Conclusion: Altogether, we provide a short report showing the feasibility of generating and analyzing with single-cell resolution zAvatars from pancreatic and ampullary cancers, with potential use for future preclinical studies and personalized treatment.

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) represent about 40% of all healthcare-associated infections. Herein, the authors report the further development of an infection preventive anti-adhesive coating (CyanoCoating) meant for urinary catheters, and based on a natural polymer released by a marine cyanobacterium. CyanoCoating performance was assessed against relevant CAUTI etiological agents, namely Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Candida albicans in the presence of culture medium or artificial urine, and under biofilm promoting settings. CyanoCoating displayed a broad anti-adhesive efficiency against all the uropathogens tested (68–95%), even in the presence of artificial urine (58–100%) with exception of P. mirabilis in the latter condition. Under biofilm-promoting settings, CyanoCoating reduced biofilm formation by E. coli, P. mirabilis, and C. albicans (30–60%). In addition, CyanoCoating prevented large crystals encrustation, and its sterilization with ethylene oxide did not impact the coating stability. Therefore, CyanoCoating constitutes a step forward for the implementation of antibiotic-free alternative strategies to fight CAUTIs.

Cancer frequency and prevalence have been increasing in the past decades, with devastating impacts on patients and their families. Despite the great advances in targeted approaches, there is still a lack of methods to predict individual patient responses, and therefore treatments are tailored according to average response rates. “Omics” approaches are used for patient stratification and choice of therapeutic options towards a more precise medicine. These methods, however, do not consider all genetic and non-genetic dynamic interactions that occur upon drug treatment. Therefore, the need to directly challenge patient cells in a personalized manner remains. The present review addresses the state of the art of patient-derived in vitro and in vivo models, from organoids to mouse and zebrafish Avatars. The predictive power of each model based on the retrospective correlation with the patient clinical outcome will be considered. Finally, the review is focused on the emerging zebrafish Avatars and their unique characteristics allowing a fast analysis of local and systemic effects of drug treatments at the single-cell level. We also address the technical challenges that the field has yet to overcome.

Medical device-associated infections are a major health threat, representing about half of all hospital-acquired infections. Current strategies to prevent this problem based on device coatings with antimicrobial compounds (antibiotics or antiseptics) have proven to be insufficient, often toxic, and even promoting bacterial resistance. Herein, we report the development of an infection-preventive coating (CyanoCoating) produced with an extracellular polymer released by the marine cyanobacterium Cyanothece sp. CCY 0110. CyanoCoating was prepared by spin-coating and its bacterial anti-adhesive efficiency was evaluated against relevant etiological agents (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) and platelets, both in the presence or absence of human plasma proteins. CyanoCoating cytotoxicity was assessed using the L929 fibroblasts cell line. CyanoCoating exhibited a smooth topography, low thickness and high hydrophilic properties with mild negative charge. The non-cytotoxic CyanoCoating prevented adhesion of all the bacteria tested (≤80%) and platelets (

The aim of this study was to identify the stages of behavioral change (SBC) and compare quality of life (QOL) and physical activity level between first-year and last-year undergraduate Physical Education students at a public university in Pernambuco state, Northeastern Brazil. This is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 199 undergraduate Physical Education students, enrolled in the first, second, seventh and eighth semesters of their course, with a mean age of 21.32 ± 4.00 years, of which 61.80% were first-year students (enrolled in the first and second semesters). Behavioral change was verified with the SBC questionnaire, QOL with the WHOQOL-Bref and physical activity level with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Student’s t-test and Chi-square test were used for data analysis, with a 5% significance level. The most prevalent SBC was in the Action stage (first-year students: 53.3% and last-year students: 43.9%). There were significant differences in the social (p

This article describes three complicated cases in rheumatology and pregnancy. The first case elucidates the challenges in treating SLE in conjunction with pulmonary arterial hypertension, while the second case features an SLE-affected pregnancy with development of portal hypertension secondary to portal vein thrombosis related to APS. The third case is a pregnant woman with stable SLE who developed thrombotic microangiopathy caused by atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome, and failed to improve despite multiple measures including biopsy and elective preterm delivery. There are grave and unique challenges for women with autoimmune disease, but adverse outcomes can sometimes be avoided with careful and multidisciplinary medical management. Pre-conception counselling with regard to medications and disease treatment should also include discussion of the advisability of pregnancy, which may be difficult for a patient, but present the best course for optimizing health outcomes.

Resumo Relatar um caso de paciente com Retinopatia vaso-oclusiva por Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico (LES) associado à Síndrome do Anticorpo Antifosfolipídeo (SAF), que se iniciou com um quadro de anemia hemolítica autoimune acompanhado por baixa visual súbita monocular. Poucos casos foram descritos na literatura nacional e mundial em que o LES se manifeste primeiramente com alterações oculares. O screening dos Anticorpos antifosfolípideos (APAs) é de suma importância para pacientes com retinopatia lúpica para que seja instituída a terapia imediata com anticoagulantes como forma de prevenir a trombose vascular, o que piora o prognóstico visual.