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In the 80's Kudla and Millson introduced a theta function in two variables. It behaves as a Siegel modular form with respect to the first variable, and is a closed differential form on an orthogonal Shimura variety with respect to the other variable. We prove that the Lefschetz decomposition of the cohomology class of that theta function is also its modular decomposition in Eisenstein, Klingen and cuspidal parts. We also show that the image of the Kudla-Millson lift is contained in the primitive cohomology of X. As an application, we deduce dimension formulas for the cohomology of X in low degree. Our results cover the cases of moduli spaces of compact hyperk\"ahler manifolds., Comment: 34 pages, comments are welcome

We consider the generating series of appropriately completed 0-dimensional special cycles on a toroidal compactification of an orthogonal or unitary Shimura variety with values in the Chow group. We prove that it is a holomorphic Siegel, respectively Hermitian, modular form

The notion of formal Siegel modular forms for an arithmetic subgroup $\Gamma$ of the symplectic group of genus $n$ is a generalization of symmetric formal Fourier-Jacobi series. Assuming an upper bound on the affine covering number of the Siegel modular variety associated with $\Gamma$, we prove that all formal Siegel modular forms are given by Fourier-Jacobi expansions of classical holomorphic Siegel modular forms. We also show that the required upper bound is always met if $2\leq n \leq 4$. As an application we consider the case of the paramodular group of squarefree level and genus $2$., Comment: 41 Pages

In this paper we investigate the Fourier coefficients of harmonic Maass forms of negative half-integral weight. We relate the algebraicity of these coefficients to the algebraicity of the coefficients of certain canonical meromorphic modular forms of positive even weight with poles at Heegner divisors. Moreover, we give an explicit formula for the coefficients of harmonic Maass forms in terms of periods of certain meromorphic modular forms with algebraic coefficients., Comment: Comments welcome

In this paper, we complete the proof of the conjecture of Gross and Zagier concerning algebraicity of higher Green functions at a single CM point on the product of modular curves. The new ingredient is an analogue of the incoherent Eisenstein series over a real quadratic field, which is constructed as the Doi-Naganuma theta lift of a deformed theta integral on hyperbolic space., Comment: Improved exposition. Corrected typos and a missing factor of 2 in Theorem 5.1

The integral model of a GU(n-1,1) Shimura variety carries a universal abelian scheme over it, and the dual top exterior power of its Lie algebra carries a natural hermitian metric. We express the arithmetic volume of this metrized line bundle, defined as an iterated self-intersection in the Gillet-Soule arithmetic Chow ring, in terms of logarithmic derivatives of Dirichlet L-functions. We also determine the arithmetic volumes of Kudla-Rapoport divisors and relate them to coefficients of Eisenstein series., Comment: 119 pages. This is a major revision, containing both new results and simplified proofs

Gross and Zagier conjectured that the CM values (of certain Hecke translates) of the automorphic Green function $G_s(z_1,z_2)$ for the elliptic modular group at positive integral spectral parameter $s$ are given by logarithms of algebraic numbers in suitable class fields. We prove a partial average version of this conjecture, where we sum in the first variable $z_1$ over all CM points of a fixed discriminant $d_1$ (twisted by a genus character), and allow in the second variable the evaluation at individual CM points of discriminant $d_2$. This result is deduced from more general statements for automorphic Green functions on Shimura varieties associated with the group $\mathrm{GSpin}(n,2)$. We also use our approach to prove a Gross-Kohnen-Zagier theorem for higher Heegner divisors on Kuga-Sato varieties over modular curves., Comment: Revised and final version, to appear in Invent. Math., 71 pages

We determine the behavior of automorphic Green functions along the boundary components of toroidal compactifications of orthogonal Shimura varieties. We use this analysis to define boundary components of special divisors and prove that the generating series of the resulting special divisors on a toroidal compactification is modular., Comment: 57 pages, Example 3.28 added, some proofs in Section 4 expanded

We evaluate regularized theta lifts for Lorentzian lattices in three different ways. In particular, we obtain formulas for their values at special points involving coefficients of mock theta functions. By comparing the different evaluations, we derive recurrences for the coefficients of mock theta functions, such as Hurwitz class numbers, Andrews' spt-function, and Ramanujan's mock theta functions., Comment: 24 pages

We show that every Fricke invariant meromorphic modular form for $\Gamma_0(N)$ whose divisor on $X_0(N)$ is defined over $\mathbb{Q}$ and supported on Heegner divisors and the cusps is a generalized Borcherds product associated to a harmonic Maass form of weight $1/2$. Further, we derive a criterion for the finiteness of the multiplier systems of generalized Borcherds products in terms of the vanishing of the central derivatives of $L$-function of certain weight $2$ newforms. We also prove similar results for twisted Borcherds products., Comment: 14 pages

Let V be a rational quadratic space of signature (m,2). A conjecture of Kudla relates the arithmetic degrees of top degree special cycles on an integral model of a Shimura variety associated with SO(V) to the coefficients of the central derivative of an incoherent Siegel Eisenstein series of genus m+1. We prove this conjecture for the coefficients of non-singular index T when T is not positive definite. We also prove it when T is positive definite and the corresponding special cycle has dimension 0. To obtain these results, we establish new local arithmetic Siegel-Weil formulas at the archimedean and non-archimedian places., Comment: Final version, 61 pages, accepted by the Journal of the European Mathematical Society (JEMS)

The Shimura correspondence connects modular forms of integral weights and half-integral weights. One of the directions is realized by the Shintani lift, where the inputs are holomorphic differentials and the outputs are holomorphic modular forms of half-integral weight. In this article, we generalize this lift to differentials of the third kind. As an application we obtain a modularity result concerning the generating series of winding numbers of closed geodesics on the modular curve.

We prove two formulas in the style of the Gross-Zagier theorem, relating derivatives of L-functions to arithmetic intersection pairings on a unitary Shimura variety. We also prove a special case of Colmez's conjecture on the Faltings heights of abelian varieties with complex multiplication. These results are derived from the authors' earlier results on the modularity of generating series of divisors on unitary Shimura varieties., Comment: Final version. To appear in Asterisque

We show that the cone of primitive Heegner divisors is finitely generated for many orthogonal Shimura varieties, including the moduli space of polarized K3-surfaces. The proof relies on the growth of coefficients of modular forms., Comment: 16 pages

We form generating series of special divisors, valued in the Chow group and in the arithmetic Chow group, on the compactified integral model of a Shimura variety associated to a unitary group of signature (n-1,1), and prove their modularity. The main ingredient of the proof is the calculation of the vertical components appearing in the divisor of a Borcherds product on the integral model., Comment: Final version. To appear in Asterisque

Given an infinite set of special divisors satisfying a mild regularity condition, we prove the existence of a Borcherds product of non-zero weight whose divisor is supported on these special divisors. We also show that every meromorphic Borcherds product is the quotient of two holomorphic ones. The proofs of both results rely on the properties of vector valued Eisenstein series for the Weil representation., Comment: Proof of Theorem 2.1 added in v2

We present some applications of the Kudla-Millson and the Millson theta lift. The two lifts map weakly holomorphic modular functions to vector valued harmonic Maass forms of weight $3/2$ and $1/2$, respectively. We give finite algebraic formulas for the coefficients of Ramanujan's mock theta functions $f(q)$ and $\omega(q)$ in terms of traces of CM-values of a weakly holomorphic modular function. Further, we construct vector valued harmonic Maass forms whose shadows are unary theta functions, and whose holomorphic parts have rational coefficients. This yields a rationality result for the coefficients of mock theta functions, i.e., harmonic Maass forms whose shadows lie in the space of unary theta functions. Moreover, the harmonic Maass forms we construct can be used to evaluate the Petersson inner products of unary theta functions with harmonic Maass forms, giving formulas and rationality results for the Weyl vectors of Borcherds products., Comment: 16 pages

We prove an abstract modularity result for classes of Heegner divisors in the generalized Jacobian of a modular curve associated to a cuspidal modulus. Extending the Gross-Kohnen-Zagier theorem, we prove that the generating series of these classes is a weakly holomorphic modular form of weight 3/2. Moreover, we show that any harmonic Maass forms of weight 0 defines a functional on the generalized Jacobian. Combining these results, we obtain a unifying framework and new proofs for the Gross-Kohnen-Zagier theorem and Zagier's modularity of traces of singular moduli, together with new geometric interpretations of the traces with non-positive index., Comment: 21 pages

We prove modularity of formal series of Jacobi forms that satisfy a natural symmetry condition. They are formal analogues of Fourier-Jacobi expansions of Siegel modular forms. From our result and a theorem of Wei Zhang, we deduce Kudla's conjecture on the modularity of generating series of special cycles of arbitrary codimension and for all orthogonal Shimura varieties., Comment: footnote added in v2

We prove that there are only finitely many isometry classes of even lattices $L$ of signature $(2,n)$ for which the space of cusp forms of weight $1+n/2$ for the Weil representation of the discriminant group of $L$ is trivial. We compute the list of these lattices. They have the property that every Heegner divisor for the orthogonal group of $L$ can be realized as the divisor of a Borcherds product. We obtain similar classification results in greater generality for finite quadratic modules., Comment: 31 pages, 1 figure

H. Aoki showed that any symmetric formal Fourier-Jacobi series for the symplectic group Sp_2(Z) is the Fourier-Jacobi expansion of a holomorphic Siegel modular form. We prove an analogous result for vector valued symmetric formal Fourier-Jacobi series, by combining Aoki's theorem with facts about vector valued modular forms. Recently, this result was also proved independently by M. Raum using a different approach. As an application, by means of work of W. Zhang, modularity results for special cycles of codimension 2 on Shimura varieties associated to orthogonal groups can be derived., Comment: 8 pages, more details on Kudla's modularity conjecture included, reference added

We study special cycles on integral models of Shimura varieties associated with unitary similitude groups of signature (n-1,1). We construct an arithmetic theta lift from harmonic Maass forms of weight 2-n to the arithmetic Chow group of the integral model of a unitary Shimura variety, by associating to a harmonic Maass form f a linear combination of Kudla-Rapoport divisors, equipped with the Green function given by the regularized theta lift of f. Our main result is an equality of two complex numbers: (1) the height pairing of the arithmetic theta lift of f against a CM cycle, and (2) the central derivative of the convolution L-function of a weight n cusp form (depending on f) and the theta function of a positive definite hermitian lattice of rank n-1. When specialized to the case n=2, this result can be viewed as a variant of the Gross-Zagier formula for Shimura curves associated to unitary groups of signature (1,1). The proof relies on, among other things, a new method for computing improper arithmetic intersections., Comment: Final version. To appear in Invent. Math

We give algorithms for computing the singular moduli of suitable nonholomorphic modular functions F(z). By combining the theory of isogeny volcanoes with a beautiful observation of Masser concerning the nonholomorphic Eisenstein series E_2*(z), we obtain CRT-based algorithms that compute the class polynomials H_D(F;x), whose roots are the discriminant D singular moduli for F(z). By applying these results to a specific weak Maass form F_p(z), we obtain a CRT-based algorithm for computing partition class polynomials, a sequence of polynomials whose traces give the partition numbers p(n). Under the GRH, the expected running time of this algorithm is O(n^{5/2+o(1)}). Key to these results is a fast CRT-based algorithm for computing the classical modular polynomial Phi_m(X,Y) that we obtain by extending the isogeny volcano approach previously developed for prime values of m., Comment: Minor revision to reflect referee comments, 23 pages

We prove a new converse theorem for Borcherds' multiplicative theta lift which improves the previously known results. To this end we develop a newform theory for vector valued modular forms for the Weil representation, which might be of independent interest. We also derive lower bounds for the ranks of the Picard groups and the spaces of holomorphic top degree differential forms of modular varieties associated to orthogonal groups., Comment: 29 pages

In this paper, we use regularized theta liftings to construct weak Maass forms weight 1/2 as lifts of weak Maass forms of weight 0. As a special case we give a new proof of some of recent results of Duke, Toth and Imamoglu on cycle integrals of the modular j-invariant and extend these to any congruence subgroup. Moreover, our methods allow us to settle the open question of a geometric interpretation for periods of j along infinite geodesics in the upper half plane. In particular, we give the `central value' of the (non-existing) `L-function' for j. The key to the proofs is the construction of some kind of a simultaneous Green function for both the CM points and the geodesic cycles, which is of independent interest., Comment: 48 pages

According to Waldspurger's theorem, the coefficients of half-integral weight eigenforms are given by central critical values of twisted Hecke L-functions, and therefore by periods. Here we prove that the coefficients of weight 1/2 harmonic Maass forms are determined by periods of algebraic differentials of the third kind on modular and elliptic curves., Comment: 22 pages

We prove that the coefficients of certain weight -1/2 harmonic Maass forms are traces of singular moduli for weak Maass forms. To prove this theorem, we construct a theta lift from spaces of weight -2 harmonic weak Maass forms to spaces of weight -1/2 vector-valued harmonic weak Maass forms on Mp_2(Z), a result which is of independent interest. We then prove a general theorem which guarantees (with bounded denominator) when such Maass singular moduli are algebraic. As an example of these results, we derive a formula for the partition function p(n) as a finite sum of algebraic numbers which lie in the usual discriminant -24n+1 ring class field. We indicate how these results extend to general weights. In particular, we illustrate how one can compute theta lifts for general weights by making use of the Kudla-Millson kernel and Maass differential operators., Comment: 21 pages

Harmonic weak Maass forms of half-integral weight are the subject of many recent works. They are closely related to Ramanujan's mock theta functions, their theta lifts give rise to Arakelov Green functions, and their coefficients are often related to central values and derivatives of Hecke L-functions. We present an algorithm to compute harmonic weak Maass forms numerically, based on the automorphy method due to Hejhal and Stark. As explicit examples we consider harmonic weak Maass forms of weight 1/2 associated to the elliptic curves 11a1, 37a1, 37b1. We made extensive numerical computations and the data we obtained is presented in the final section of the paper. We expect that experiments based on our data will lead to a better understanding of the arithmetic properties of the Fourier coefficients., Comment: 21 pages

We give a formula for the values of automorphic Green functions on the special rational 0-cycles (big CM points) attached to certain maximal tori in the Shimura varieties associated to rational quadratic spaces of signature (2d,2). Our approach depends on the fact that the Green functions in question are constructed as regularized theta lifts of harmonic weak Mass forms, and it involves the Siegel-Weil formula and the central derivatives of incoherent Eisenstein series for totally real fields. In the case of a weakly holomorphic form, the formula is an explicit combination of quantities obtained from the Fourier coefficients of the central derivative of the incoherent Eisenstein series. In the case of a general harmonic weak Maass form, there is an additional term given by the central derivative of a Rankin-Selberg type convolution., Comment: 39 pages

Generalizing work of Gross--Zagier and Schofer on singular moduli, we study the CM values of regularized theta lifts of harmonic Whittaker forms. We compute the archimedian part of the height pairing of arithmetic special divisors and CM cycles on Shimura varieties associated to certain quadratic spaces over an arbitrary totally real base field. As a special case, we obtain an explicit formula for the norms of the CM values of those meromorphic modular forms arising as regularized theta lifts of holomorphic Whittaker forms., Comment: 50 pages, references updated, abstract added

We define a regularized theta lift from SL_2 to orthogonal groups over totally real fields. It takes harmonic `Whittaker forms' to automorphic Green functions and weakly holomorphic Whittaker forms to meromorphic modular forms on orthogonal groups with zeros and poles supported on special divisors, generalizing Borcherds' work on automorphic products. To prove our results we use the spectral expansion of the lift and study its relationship with the cohomological theta lift of Kudla and Millson., Comment: 43 pages, notation improved to match arXiv:1004.3720, references updated, minor corrections

We study the Faltings height pairing of arithmetic Heegner divisors and CM cycles on Shimura varieties associated to orthogonal groups. We compute the Archimedian contribution to the height pairing and derive a conjecture relating the total pairing to the central derivative of a Rankin L-function. We prove the conjecture in certain cases where the Shimura variety has dimension 0, 1, or 2. In particular, we obtain a new proof of the Gross-Zagier formula., Comment: 50 pages

For integers $k\geq 2$, we study two differential operators on harmonic weak Maass forms of weight $2-k$. The operator $\xi_{2-k}$ (resp. $D^{k-1}$) defines a map to the space of weight $k$ cusp forms (resp. weakly holomorphic modular forms). We leverage these operators to study coefficients of harmonic weak Maass forms. Although generic harmonic weak Maass forms are expected to have transcendental coefficients, we show that those forms which are "dual" under $\xi_{2-k}$ to newforms with vanishing Hecke eigenvalues (such as CM forms) have algebraic coefficients. Using regularized inner products, we also characterize the image of $D^{k-1}$., Comment: formerly "Differential operators and harmonic weak Maass forms"; Theorem 1.4 corrected

Recent works, mostly related to Ramanujan's mock theta functions, make use of the fact that harmonic weak Maass forms can be combinatorial generating functions. Generalizing works of Waldspurger, Kohnen and Zagier, we prove that such forms also serve as "generating functions" for central values and derivatives of quadratic twists of weight 2 modular $L$-functions. To obtain these results, we construct differentials of the third kind with twisted Heegner divisor by suitably generalizing the Borcherds lift to harmonic weak Maass forms. The connection with periods, Fourier coefficients, derivatives of $L$-functions, and points in the Jacobian of modular curves is obtained by analyzing the properties of these differentials using works of Scholl, Waldschmidt, and Gross and Zagier., Comment: 42 pages, tables added in Section 8.3, references updated

For a half integral weight modular form $f$ we study the signs of the Fourier coefficients $a(n)$. If $f$ is a Hecke eigenform of level $ N$ with real Nebentypus character, and $t$ is a fixed square-free positive integer with $a(t)\neq 0$, we show that for all but finitely many primes $p$ the sequence $(a(tp^{2m}))_{m}$ has infinitely many signs changes. Moreover, we prove similar (partly conditional) results for arbitrary cusp forms $f$ which are not necessarily Hecke eigenforms.

We define Hecke operators on vector valued modular forms transforming with the Weil representation associated to a discriminant form. We describe the properties of the corresponding algebra of Hecke operators and study the action on modular forms., Comment: 23 pages

The present notes contain the material of the lectures given by the author at the summer school on ``Modular Forms and their Applications'' at the Sophus Lie Conference Center in the summer of 2004., Comment: 72 pages

We consider the Kudla-Millson lift from elliptic modular forms of weight (p+q)/2 to closed q-forms on locally symmetric spaces corresponding to the orthogonal group O(p,q). We study the L^2-norm of the lift following the Rallis inner product formula. We compute the contribution at the Archimedian place. For locally symmetric spaces associated to even unimodular lattices, we obtain an explicit formula for the L^2-norm of the lift, which often implies that the lift is injective. For O(p,2) we discuss how such injectivity results imply the surjectivity of the Borcherds lift.

The purpose of this note is to report on recent joint work with J. Funke, P. Jenkins, and K. Ono on the traces of CM values of modular functions and some applications., Comment: To appear in the proceedings of the conference on "Automorphic Forms and Automorphic L-Functions", RIMS, Kyoto (2005)

We construct a natural family of rational functions $\tilde\Psi_m$ on a Hilbert modular surface from the classical $j$-invariant and its Hecke translates. These functions are obtained by means of a multiplicative analogue of the Doi-Naganuma lifting and can be viewed as twisted Borcherds products. We then study when the value of $\tilde\Psi_m$ at a CM point associated to a non-biquadratic quartic CM field generates the `CM class field' of the reflex field. For the real quadratic field $\Q(\sqrt{5})$, we factorize the norm of some of these CM values to $\Q(\sqrt 5)$ numerically., Comment: 30 pages; Theorem 6.6 corrected, references added

Zagier proved that the traces of singular moduli, i.e., the sums of the values of the classical j-invariant over quadratic irrationalities, are the Fourier coefficients of a modular form of weight 3/2 with poles at the cusps. Using the theta correspondence, we generalize this result to traces of CM values of (weakly holomorphic) modular functions on modular curves of arbitrary genus. We also study the theta lift for the weight 0 Eisenstein series for SL(2,Z) and realize a certain generating series of arithmetic intersection numbers as the derivative of Zagier's Eisenstein series of weight 3/2. This recovers a result of Kudla, Rapoport and Yang., Comment: 29 pages

We give an introduction to the theory of Borcherds products and to some number theoretic and geometric applications. In particular, we discuss how the theory can be used to study the geometry of Hilbert modular surfaces., Comment: 34 pages, to appear in Jahresber. Dtsch. Math. Ver