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Lorsqu’il écrit La Marâtre, Balzac a déjà derrière lui une longue carrière théâtrale, mais la genèse de cette pièce est plutôt laborieuse et sa fortune plutôt brève: représentée en effet au Théâtre Historique le 25 mai 1848, elle est retirée de la scène après six représentations et ne sera reprise qu’en 1849. Rigoureusement agencée, l’intrigue progresse sans relâchement du début jusqu’à la fin, assumant même, dans le dénouement, les contours d’une véritable histoire policière.

Julien Green, ecrivain ayant la passion du voyage, a toujours declare sa profonde attraction non seulement pour le Sud americain auquel il appartient par ses origines, mais pour tous les Suds du monde. Deux ouvrages en particulier temoignent de cet amour : Villes (Journal de voyage 1920-1994) (1985) et Journal du Voyageur (1990). Nous nous sommes attachee en particulier aux « portraits » dedies par l’ecrivain aux villes italiennes, car Green a toujours ressenti pour ce pays, des sa jeunesse, une affinite elective qui durera toute sa vie. Il parcourt la plupart des regions italiennes et nous offre les « croquis » des villes qui ont laisse en lui des souvenirs imperissables pour leur beaute ou leur singularite. Il emerge de ces notes de voyage que l’Italie est pour le romancier non seulement une source intarissable de beautes et d’Histoire, mais qu’il y trouve surtout matiere a reve sur cet ailleurs dont toute son œuvre est impregnee.

In front of the arrival of new devices intended to simplify the removal of double J stent, it poses the problem of the knowledge of the real cost of such an ablation under the current conditions of realization.This is a monocentric economic evaluation of cost and remuneration needed data-gathering of quotation (CCAM, GHS/SE, …), estimate of the associated costs of wear and damping of the endoscopic equipments (endoscopes, cables, …), estimate of the cost of sterilization, estimate of the associated costs to the intervention of staff (Auxiliary nurse [AS] and Nurse [IDE]) with timing of the various tasks.Quotation CCAM JCGE004 (48€) gives access to fixed price SE1 (73.71€ for private clinic, and 75.89€ for public institution) without hospitalization nor anaesthesia. The costs were reported to an act of single double J removal. Concerning the equipments: 4.42€HT for the fibroscopes, graspers, cable and light. The costs of sterilization were: 17.95€HT. The timed workforce's costs were: 7.61-9.51€ for AS and 9.92-10.84€ for IDE. The cost of consumable was about 1.37 €HT, by excluding the common base from the extractions (1.876€HT). The total costs in France in 2016 were thus about 47.4 to 50.496€ including all taxes.This estimate will be used certainly for reflection on the investments and the future studies of the economic impact of the new devices of extraction, by correlating it of course with the various maintenance contracts from each institution.4.

This article examines the theatre of George Sand and the relation that the famous novelist entertained with the dramatic art, for which she had a great passion but the processes of which she did never come out very well. Many plays were successful for the large audience but the critics were more cautious. Her theatre, all the same, marks a renewal of theatrical art for which George Sand will be always a careful promoter.

L'articolo esamina le scelte e le trasformazioni operate da George Sand per l'adattamento del romanzo François le Champi nella versione teatrale; si mostrano le analogie e le differenze che risultano dal passaggio della modalità narrativa alla modalità scenica, concentrandosi in particolare sulle modificazioni effettuate nelle categorie tradizionali dell'azione, dei personaggi, del tempo e dello spazio. Si ci concentra infine sul linguaggio teatrale che, destinato alla rappresentazione, richiede un efficace concatenamento e maggiori effetti stilistici.

A Rhodocuccus strain (Rh. GIN1, NCIMB 40340), which is capable of adsorption to titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and TiO 2 -containing coal fly ash particles, has been isolated previously in our Lab. Selectivity experiments showed that the bacterium is capable of adsorption to other metal oxides as well (e. g. magnetite and Al 2 O 3 ) but at lower affinities. The bacterium binds tightly both to rutile and anatase TiO 2 . In electronmicrograms the formation of bridge-like structures between the bacterium and the oxide is observed. A specific protein fraction, located on the cell wall of the bacterium was isolated from the bacterium. This protein was found to adhere strongly to TiO 2 particles at high salt concentrations, similarly to the binding to TiO 2 of the intact bacteria. TiO 2 (rutile) was found to bind the protein faster, stronger and at a higher capacity than the anatase isoform. The 55 kDa Ti-Binding Protein (TiBP) was isolated from the bacteria after homogenization by French Press. It was purified by affinity chromatography on TiO 2 particles, hydrophobic chromatography on a Fractogel-propyl column and gel filtration on a Superdex G-200 column. The same protein was isolated from the bacteria by treatment with mutanolysin, an enzyme which is commonly used to retrieve cell-wall proteins from Gram-positive bacteria, demonstrating the outer cell location of the protein in Rh. GIN1. TiBP exhibits metal oxide binding selectivity similar to that of the intact bacterium, namely TiO 2 >ZnO>Al 2 O 3 >Fe 2 O 3 (magnetite). Hydrophobic forces seem to dominate the interactions of the protein with TiO 2 as its binding capability is greatly enhanced in the presence of high concentrations of NaCI and its desorption requires high concentrations of urea and SDS. These features differentiate TiBP from other proteins known to adsorb TiO 2 (such as hemoglobin, cytochrome c and bovine serum albumin), mainly by weak, charge-based interactions.

'Toute description est une vue' affirme Roland Barthes et jamais peut-etre une telle assertion n'a-telle trouve un meilleur fondement que dans les trois premiers romans de Julien Green ou descripti...

This study considers a neglected aspect of the work of Honoré de Balzac: his theatrical production. The study does not take into account the sketches (more than one hundred), left incomplete by the writer, but analyzes a corpus of seven pièces staged in Paris. The study is particularly concerned with the specificities of the writing and the dramatic representation, but also the particular use of theatrical language by the writer. It is a pluralistic and minute reading also tending to show that Balzac’s theatre, despite its weakness, perfectly fits into the famous writer’s conception of art and literature and hence constitutes an essential part of his work.

L''articolo prende in considerazione la trasposizione di un romanzo di Julien Green, Moira, nella pièce "L''Etudiant roux". Si esamina attraverso questo confronto, la delicata questione della trasposizione da un genere all''altro. Nel caso specifico, la pièce del noto romanziere, mostra evidenti debolezze e non regge il confronto con il romanzo, di cui si perdono le più interessanti caratteristiche.

Rhodococcus ruber GIN1 (formally Rh. strain GIN1) was previously isolated on the basis of its strong adherence to coal fly ash (CFA) and titanium dioxide particles from CFA sedimentation ponds of an electrical power plant in Israel. The interaction of the bacterium with oxides has been shown to be mediated by a cell surface protein designated TiBP (titanium binding protein) involving primarily strong, non-electrostatic forces. In this work, we set forward to identify this unique exocellular protein. Sequence analysis of the purified protein by mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) following trypsinization revealed 11 peptides. All of them showed >90% amino acid residues identity with sequences of one of the orthologs (dldh1) of the cytosolic enzyme dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH), based on the genome sequence of Rhodococcus strain RHA1. This genome was selected as a reference since currently it is the only sequenced Rhodococcal genome. Altogether, these peptides covered over 25% of the 52 kDa protein molecule. N- and C-termini primers were prepared and used to sequence the paralog gene from Rh. ruber GIN1 after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. All 11 peptides showed 100% identity with the sequence of this gene. The homology of TiBP with the supposedly cytosolic DLDH raised the question of whether the exocellular TiBP possesses DLDH activity. Indeed, intact late logarithmic phase Rh. ruber GIN1 cells, previously shown to express TiBP, were found to possess such activity, while very low activity was associated with stationary phase cells which possess diminished TiBP expression on their surface. Further evidence for the exocellular location of TiBP/DLDH was achieved using specific anti-TiBP polyclonal antibodies by whole cell and protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), showing high reactivity of the logarithmic phase cell surface and substantially lower reactivity with the stationary phase cells. As expected, logarithmic phase spheroplasts were not recognized by these antibodies. Similar results were obtained by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Our postulation that DLDH is located on the surface of Rh. ruber GIN1, serving as a TiO2 binding protein, is in accordance with literary evidence on DLDH in other organisms, Bacteria, Archea, and Eukaryots that suggests it is associated with the outer membranes or cell surfaces. As an exocellular protein DLDH assumes various tasks which are not related to its classical role as a 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase, including serving as an adhesion/binding protein in certain bacteria.

Voici un ouvrage dans lequel on decouvre une partie negligee de l’œuvre de Balzac. En effet, un examen attentif de la nature et des procedes de son theâtre n’a ete qu’a peine amorce par la critique. Cette etude est une tentative pour reparer l’injuste oubli. Prenant en consideration un corpus de sept pieces achevees (les ebauches depassent la centaine), elle s’attarde a devoiler la specificite et l’essence de l’univers de la representation et a demonter les subtils mecanismes qui regissent l’exhibition du langage dramatique. Outre a une lecture plurielle et minutieuse, cet ouvrage se propose surtout, en derniere instance, de montrer que le theâtre de Balzac, malgre ses manques et ses defauts, s’inscrit pleinement dans la conception que le celebre ecrivain avait de l’art et de la litterature, et que sa deconsideration est un obstacle a la comprehension d’une œuvre qui doit-etre livree dans sa globalite a la posterite.

Brudo Annie. Attilio Brilli, Quand voyager était un art : Le roman du Grand Tour. In: Romantisme, 2003, n°120. L'Egypte. p. 112.

Shrinkage and collapse of the neuritic network are often observed during the process of neuronal apoptosis. However, the molecular and biochemical basis for the axonal damage associated with neuronal cell death is still unclear. We present evidence for the involvement of axon guidance molecules with repulsive cues in neuronal cell death. Using the differential display approach, an up-regulation of collapsin response mediator protein was detected in sympathetic neurons undergoing dopamine-induced apoptosis. A synchronized induction of mRNA of the secreted collapsin-1 and the intracellular collapsin response mediator protein that preceded commitment of neurons to apoptosis was detected. Antibodies directed against a conserved collapsin-derived peptide provided marked and prolonged protection of several neuronal cell types from dopamine-induced apoptosis. Moreover, neuronal apoptosis was inhibited by antibodies against neuropilin-1, a putative component of the semaphorin III/collapsin-1 receptor. Induction of neuronal apoptosis was also caused by exposure of neurons to semaphorin III-alkaline phosphatase secreted from 293EBNA cells. Anti-collapsin-1 antibodies were effective in blocking the semaphorin III-induced death process. We therefore suggest that, before their death, apoptosis-destined neurons may produce and secrete destructive axon guidance molecules that can affect their neighboring cells and thus transfer a “death signal” across specific and susceptible neuronal populations.

Rifampin interferes exclusively with RNA replication in vivo of the group I phages MS2, f2, and R17, whereas QbetaRNA replication is unaffected by the drug. In addition, rifampin has a discriminative effect of group I phage RNA replication. In the experimental system employed by us the antibiotic differentially interferes with the synthesis of minus RNA strands in f2, whereas it has almost no effect on the synthesis of progeny plus strands. In MS2, the drug differentially arrests the synthesis of progeny plus strands and almost fails to affect the synthesis of minus RNA strands. In R17 both steps of its RNA replication are affected by rifampin, although each step is only partially (approximately 50%) inhibited. The relation of the present results to the possible role of bacterial proteins and tertiary structure of phage RNA in the process of template recognition is discussed.