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2. Art Access and Equity in Teacher Education during a Pandemic

Author

Neddeau, Browning M.

Abstract

I teach in a multiple subject credential program that requires all preservice teachers to complete a course specifically focused on arts curriculum and instruction. Based on my experiences in other credential programs throughout California, arts curriculum and instruction is often combined with another content area like social studies. My arts course critically examines pedagogy in dance, media arts, music, theater, and visual arts within a 10-week time period. My narrative explores how abruptly moving to remote arts instruction stressed access and equity as essential elements for content coverage. Future practical implications for remote arts instruction include, but are not limited to, classroom management, access to arts supplies, hands-on learning, and sustaining authentic assessment.

Published
2020

4. Measuring the 3-30-300 rule to help cities meet nature access thresholds

Author

Browning, M, Locke, D, Konijnendijk, C, Labib, SM, Rigolon, A, Yeager, R, Bardhan, M, Berland, A, Dadvand, P, Helbich, M, Li, F, Li, H, James, P, Klompmaker, J, Reuben, A, Roman, L, Patwary, M, O'Neil-Dunne, J, Ossola, A, Wang, R, Yang, B, Yi, L, Zhang, J, Nieuwenhuijsen, M, Browning, M, Locke, D, Konijnendijk, C, Labib, SM, Rigolon, A, Yeager, R, Bardhan, M, Berland, A, Dadvand, P, Helbich, M, Li, F, Li, H, James, P, Klompmaker, J, Reuben, A, Roman, L, Patwary, M, O'Neil-Dunne, J, Ossola, A, Wang, R, Yang, B, Yi, L, Zhang, J, and Nieuwenhuijsen, M

Abstract

The 3-30-300 rule offers benchmarks for cities to promote equitable nature access. It dictates that individuals should see three trees from their dwelling, have 30 % tree canopy in their neighborhood, and live within 300 m of a high-quality green space. Implementing this demands thorough measurement, monitoring, and evaluation methods, yet little guidance is currently available to pursue these actions. To overcome this gap, we employed an expert-based consensus approach to review the available ways to measure 3-30-300 as well as each measure's strengths and weaknesses. We described seven relevant data and processes: vegetation indices, street level analyses, tree inventories, questionnaires, window view analyses, land cover maps, and green space maps. Based on the reviewed strengths and weaknesses of each measure, we presented a suitability matrix to link recommended measures with each component of the rule. These recommendations included surveys and window-view analyses for the ‘3 component’, high-resolution land cover maps for the ‘30 component’, and green space maps with network analyses for the ‘300 component’. These methods, responsive to local situations and resources, not only implement the 3-30-300 rule but foster broader dialogue on local desires and requirements. Consequently, these techniques can guide strategic investments in urban greening for health, equity, biodiversity, and climate adaptation.

Published
2024

5. Measuring the 3-30-300 rule to help cities meet nature access thresholds

Author

Urban Accessibility and Social Inclusion, Browning, M, Locke, D, Konijnendijk, C, Labib, SM, Rigolon, A, Yeager, R, Bardhan, M, Berland, A, Dadvand, P, Helbich, M, Li, F, Li, H, James, P, Klompmaker, J, Reuben, A, Roman, L, Patwary, M, O'Neil-Dunne, J, Ossola, A, Wang, R, Yang, B, Yi, L, Zhang, J, Nieuwenhuijsen, M, Urban Accessibility and Social Inclusion, Browning, M, Locke, D, Konijnendijk, C, Labib, SM, Rigolon, A, Yeager, R, Bardhan, M, Berland, A, Dadvand, P, Helbich, M, Li, F, Li, H, James, P, Klompmaker, J, Reuben, A, Roman, L, Patwary, M, O'Neil-Dunne, J, Ossola, A, Wang, R, Yang, B, Yi, L, Zhang, J, and Nieuwenhuijsen, M

Published
2024

6. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: a study of 577 patients defines the genotype as a biomarker for disease severity and survival

Author

Vallée, T, Glasmacher, J, Buchner, H, Arkwright, P, Behrends, U, Bondarenko, A, Browning, M, Buchbinder, D, Cattoni, A, Chernyshova, L, Ciznar, P, Cole, T, Czogala, W, Dueckers, G, Edgar, J, Erbey, F, Fasth, A, Ferrua, F, Formankova, R, Gambineri, E, Gennery, A, Goldman, F, Gonzalez-Granado, L, Heilmann, C, Heiskanen-Kosma, T, Juntti, H, Kainulainen, L, Kanegane, H, Karaca, N, Sebnem Kilic, S, Klein, C, Koltan, S, Kondratenko, I, Meyts, I, Nasrullayeva, G, Notarangelo, L, Pasic, S, Pellier, I, Pignata, C, Misbah, S, Schulz, A, Segundo, G, Shcherbina, A, Slatter, M, Sokolic, R, Soler-Palacin, P, Stepensky, P, van Montfrans, J, Ryhänen, S, Wolska-Kuśnierz, B, Ziegler, J, Zhao, X, Aiuti, A, Ochs, H, Albert, M, Vallée, Tanja C, Glasmacher, Jannik S, Buchner, Hannes, Arkwright, Peter D, Behrends, Uta, Bondarenko, Anastasia, Browning, Michael J, Buchbinder, David K, Cattoni, Alessandro, Chernyshova, Liudmyla, Ciznar, Peter, Cole, Theresa, Czogala, Wojciech, Dueckers, Gregor, Edgar, John David M, Erbey, Fatih, Fasth, Anders, Ferrua, Francesca, Formankova, Renata, Gambineri, Eleonora, Gennery, Andrew R, Goldman, Frederick D, Gonzalez-Granado, Luis Ignacio, Heilmann, Carsten, Heiskanen-Kosma, Tarja, Juntti, Hanna, Kainulainen, Leena, Kanegane, Hirokazu, Karaca, Neslihan E., Sebnem Kilic, Sara, Klein, Christoph, Koltan, Sylwia, Kondratenko, Irina, Meyts, Isabelle, Nasrullayeva, Gulnara M, Notarangelo, Lucia Dora, Pasic, Srdjan, Pellier, Isabelle, Pignata, Claudio, Misbah, Siraj Ahmed, Schulz, Ansgar S, Segundo, Gesmar RS, Shcherbina, Anna, Slatter, Mary A, Sokolic, Robert, Soler-Palacin, Pere, Stepensky, Polina, van Montfrans, Joris M., Ryhänen, Samppa, Wolska-Kuśnierz, Beata, Ziegler, John B, Zhao, Xiaodong, Aiuti, Alessandro, Ochs, Hans D, Albert, Michael H, Vallée, T, Glasmacher, J, Buchner, H, Arkwright, P, Behrends, U, Bondarenko, A, Browning, M, Buchbinder, D, Cattoni, A, Chernyshova, L, Ciznar, P, Cole, T, Czogala, W, Dueckers, G, Edgar, J, Erbey, F, Fasth, A, Ferrua, F, Formankova, R, Gambineri, E, Gennery, A, Goldman, F, Gonzalez-Granado, L, Heilmann, C, Heiskanen-Kosma, T, Juntti, H, Kainulainen, L, Kanegane, H, Karaca, N, Sebnem Kilic, S, Klein, C, Koltan, S, Kondratenko, I, Meyts, I, Nasrullayeva, G, Notarangelo, L, Pasic, S, Pellier, I, Pignata, C, Misbah, S, Schulz, A, Segundo, G, Shcherbina, A, Slatter, M, Sokolic, R, Soler-Palacin, P, Stepensky, P, van Montfrans, J, Ryhänen, S, Wolska-Kuśnierz, B, Ziegler, J, Zhao, X, Aiuti, A, Ochs, H, Albert, M, Vallée, Tanja C, Glasmacher, Jannik S, Buchner, Hannes, Arkwright, Peter D, Behrends, Uta, Bondarenko, Anastasia, Browning, Michael J, Buchbinder, David K, Cattoni, Alessandro, Chernyshova, Liudmyla, Ciznar, Peter, Cole, Theresa, Czogala, Wojciech, Dueckers, Gregor, Edgar, John David M, Erbey, Fatih, Fasth, Anders, Ferrua, Francesca, Formankova, Renata, Gambineri, Eleonora, Gennery, Andrew R, Goldman, Frederick D, Gonzalez-Granado, Luis Ignacio, Heilmann, Carsten, Heiskanen-Kosma, Tarja, Juntti, Hanna, Kainulainen, Leena, Kanegane, Hirokazu, Karaca, Neslihan E., Sebnem Kilic, Sara, Klein, Christoph, Koltan, Sylwia, Kondratenko, Irina, Meyts, Isabelle, Nasrullayeva, Gulnara M, Notarangelo, Lucia Dora, Pasic, Srdjan, Pellier, Isabelle, Pignata, Claudio, Misbah, Siraj Ahmed, Schulz, Ansgar S, Segundo, Gesmar RS, Shcherbina, Anna, Slatter, Mary A, Sokolic, Robert, Soler-Palacin, Pere, Stepensky, Polina, van Montfrans, Joris M., Ryhänen, Samppa, Wolska-Kuśnierz, Beata, Ziegler, John B, Zhao, Xiaodong, Aiuti, Alessandro, Ochs, Hans D, and Albert, Michael H

Abstract

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a multifaceted monogenic disorder with a broad disease spectrum and variable disease severity and a variety of treatment options including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and gene therapy (GT). No reliable biomarker exists to predict disease course and outcome for individual patients. A total of 577 patients with a WAS variant from 26 countries and a median follow-up of 8.9 years (range, 0.3-71.1), totaling 6118 patient-years, were included in this international retrospective study. Overall survival (OS) of the cohort (censored at HSCT or GT) was 82% (95% confidence interval, 78-87) at age 15 years and 70% (61-80) at 30 years. The type of variant was predictive of outcome: patients with a missense variant in exons 1 or 2 or with the intronic hot spot variant c.559+5G>A (class I variants) had a 15-year OS of 93% (89-98) and a 30-year OS of 91% (86-97), compared with 71% (62-81) and 48% (34-68) in patients with any other variant (class II; P < .0001). The cumulative incidence rates of disease-related complications such as severe bleeding (P = .007), life-threatening infection (P < .0001), and autoimmunity (P = .004) occurred significantly later in patients with a class I variant. The cumulative incidence of malignancy (P = .6) was not different between classes I and II. It confirms the spectrum of disease severity and quantifies the risk for specific disease-related complications. The class of the variant is a biomarker to predict the outcome for patients with WAS.

Published
2024

7. When a test is more than just a test: Findings from patient interviews and survey in the trial of a technology to measure antidepressant medication response (the PReDicT Trial).

Author

Brown, S., Ploeger, C., Guo, B., Petersen, J.J., Beckenstrom, A.C., Browning, M., Dawson, G.R., Deckert, J., Dias, R., Dourish, C.T., Gorwood, P., Kingslake, J., Menke, A., Sola, V.P., Reif, A., Ruhé, H.G., Simon, J., Stäblein, M., Schaik, A. van, Veltman, D.J., Morriss, R., Brown, S., Ploeger, C., Guo, B., Petersen, J.J., Beckenstrom, A.C., Browning, M., Dawson, G.R., Deckert, J., Dias, R., Dourish, C.T., Gorwood, P., Kingslake, J., Menke, A., Sola, V.P., Reif, A., Ruhé, H.G., Simon, J., Stäblein, M., Schaik, A. van, Veltman, D.J., and Morriss, R.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 306405.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), BACKGROUND: A RCT of a novel intervention to detect antidepressant medication response (the PReDicT Test) took place in five European countries, accompanied by a nested study of its acceptability and implementation presented here. The RCT results indicated no effect of the intervention on depression at 8 weeks (primary outcome), although effects on anxiety at 8 weeks and functioning at 24 weeks were found. METHODS: The nested study used mixed methods. The aim was to explore patient experiences of the Test including acceptability and implementation, to inform its use within care. A bespoke survey was completed by trial participants in five countries (n = 778) at week 8. Semi-structured interviews were carried out in two countries soon after week 8 (UK n = 22, Germany n = 20). Quantitative data was analysed descriptively; for qualitative data, thematic analysis was carried out using a framework approach. Results of the two datasets were interrogated together. OUTCOMES: Survey results showed the intervention was well received, with a majority of participants indicating they would use it again, and it gave them helpful extra information; a small minority indicated the Test made them feel worse. Qualitative data showed the Test had unexpected properties, including: instigating a process of reflection, giving participants feedback on progress and new understanding about their illness, and making participants feel supported and more engaged in treatment. INTERPRETATION: The qualitative and quantitative results are generally consistent. The Test's unexpected properties may explain why the RCT showed little effect, as properties were experienced across both trial arms. Beyond the RCT, the qualitative data sheds light on measurement reactivity, i.e., how measurements of depression can impact patients., 01 juli 2024

Published
2024

9. Three-Dimensional Simulations of Solar and Stellar Dynamos: The Influence of a Tachocline

Author

Miesch, M. S., Browning, M. K., Brun, A. S., Toomre, J., and Brown, B. P.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We review recent advances in modeling global-scale convection and dynamo processes with the Anelastic Spherical Harmonic (ASH) code. In particular, we have recently achieved the first global-scale solar convection simulations that exhibit turbulent pumping of magnetic flux into a simulated tachocline and the subsequent organization and amplification of toroidal field structures by rotational shear. The presence of a tachocline not only promotes the generation of mean toroidal flux, but it also enhances and stabilizes the mean poloidal field throughout the convection zone, promoting dipolar structure with less frequent polarity reversals. The magnetic field generated by a convective dynamo with a tachocline and overshoot region is also more helical overall, with a sign reversal in the northern and southern hemispheres. Toroidal tachocline fields exhibit little indication of magnetic buoyancy instabilities but may be undergoing magneto-shear instabilities., Comment: 14 pages, 5 color figures, to appear in Proc. GONG 2008/SOHO XXI Meeting on Solar-Stellar Dynamos as Revealed by Helio and Asteroseismology, held August 15-18, 2008, Boulder, CO, Astronomical Soc. Pac. Conf. Series, volume TBD

Published
2008

10. Evidence for Magnetic Flux Saturation in Rapidly Rotating M Stars

Author

Reiners, A., Basri, G., and Browning, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present magnetic flux measurements in seven rapidly rotating M dwarfs. Our sample stars have X-ray and H-alpha emission indicative of saturated emission, i.e., emission at a high level independent of rotation rate. Our measurements are made using near-infrared FeH molecular spectra observed with HIRES at Keck. Because of their large convective overturn times, the rotation velocity of M stars with small Rossby numbers is relatively slow and does not hamper the measurement of Zeeman splitting. The Rossby numbers of our sample stars are as small as 0.01. All our sample stars exhibit magnetic flux of kilo-Gauss strength. We find that the magnetic flux saturates in the same regime as saturation of coronal and chromospheric emission, at a critical Rossby number of around 0.1. The filling factors of both field and emission are near unity by then. We conclude that the strength of surface magnetic fields remains independent of rotation rate below that; making the Rossby number yet smaller by a factor of ten has little effect. These saturated M-star dynamos generate an integrated magnetic flux of roughly 3 kG, with a scatter of about 1 kG. The relation between emission and flux also has substantial scatter., Comment: 10 pages, accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2008
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11. The rotation-magnetic field relation

Author

Reiners, A., Scholz, A., Eislöffel, J., Hallinan, G., Berger, E., Browning, M., Irwin, J., Küker, M., and Matt, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Today, the generation of magnetic fields in solar-type stars and its relation to activity and rotation can coherently be explained, although it is certainly not understood in its entirety. Rotation facilitates the generation of magnetic flux that couples to the stellar wind, slowing down the star. There are still many open questions, particularly at early phases (young age), and at very low mass. It is vexing that rotational braking becomes inefficient at the threshold to fully convective interiors, although no threshold in magnetic activity is seen, and the generation of large scale magnetic fields is still possible for fully convective stars. This article briefly outlines our current understanding of the rotation-magnetic field relation., Comment: 8 pages, splinter summary of the session "The rotation-magnetic field relation" at Cool Stars 15 in St Andrews

Published
2008
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12. Slow and stored light and optical depth

Author

Klein, M., Xiao, Y., Gorshkov, A. V., Hohensee, M., Leung, C. D., Browning, M. R., Phillips, D. F., Novikova, I., and Walsworth, R. L.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We present a preliminary experimental study of the dependence on optical depth of slow and stored light pulses in Rb vapor. In particular, we characterize the efficiency of slow and stored light as a function of Rb density; pulse duration, delay and storage time; and control field intensity. Experimental results are in good qualitative agreement with theoretical calculations based on a simplified three-level model at moderate densities., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures; small modifications (including title) from published version

Published
2008

20. Body appreciation around the world: Measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age

Author

Swami, V., Tran, U. S., Stieger, S., Aavik, T., Ranjbar, H. A., Adebayo, S. O., Afhami, R., Ahmed, O., Aimé, A., Akel, M., Halbusi, H. A., Alexias, G., Ali, K. F., Alp-Dal, N., Alsalhani, A. B., Álvares-Solas, S., Amaral, A. C. S., Andrianto, S., Aspden, T., Argyrides, M., Aruta, J. J. B. R., Atkin, S., Ayandele, O., Baceviciene, M., Bahbouh, R., Ballesio, A., Barron, D., Bellard, A., Bender, S. S., Beydağ, K. D., Birovljević, G., Blackburn, M. È, Borja-Alvarez, T., Borowiec, J., Bozogáňová, M., Bratland-Sanda, S., Browning, M. H. E. M., Brytek-Matera, A., Burakova, M., Çakır-Koçak, Y., Camacho, P., Camilleri, V. E., Cazzato, V., Cerea, S., Chaiwutikornwanich, A., Chaleeraktrakoon, T., Chambers, T., Chen, Q. W., Chen, X., Chien, C. L., Chobthamkit, P., Choompunuch, B., Compte, E. J., Corrigan, J., Cosmas, G., Cowden, R. G., Czepczor-Bernat, K., Czub, M., da Silva, W. R., Dadfar, M., Dalley, S. E., Dany, L., Datu, J. A. D., Berbert de Carvalho, P. H., Coelho, G. L. D. H., De Jesus, A. O. S., Debbabi, S. H., Dhakal, S., Di Bernardo, F., Dimitrova, D. D., Dion, J., Dixson, B., Donofrio, S. M., Drysch, M., Du, H., Dzhambov, A. M., El-Jor, C., Enea, V., Eskin, M., Farbod, F., Farrugia, L., Fian, L., Fisher, M. L., Folwarczny, M., Frederick, D. A., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., Furnham, A., García, A. A., Geller, S., Ghisi, M., Ghorbani, A., Martinez, M. A. G., Gradidge, S., Graf, S., Grano, C., Gyene, G., Hallit, S., Hamdan, M., Handelzalts, J. E., Hanel, P. H. P., Hawks, S. R., Hekmati, I., Helmy, M., Hill, T., Hina, F., Holenweger, G., Hřebíčková, M., Ijabadeniyi, O. A., Imam, A., İnce, B., Irrazabal, N., Jankauskiene, R., Jiang, D. Y., Jiménez-Borja, M., Jiménez-Borja, V., Johnson, E. M., Jovanović, V., Jović, M., Junqueira, A. C. P., Kahle, L. M., Kantanista, A., Karakiraz, A., Karkin, A. N., Kasten, E., Khatib, S., Khieowan, N., Kimong, P. J., Kiropoulos, L., Knittel, J., Kohli, N., Koprivnik, M., Kospakov, A., Król-Zielińska, M., Krug, I., Kuan, G., Kueh, Y. C., Kujan, O., Kukić, M., Kumar, S., Kumar, V., Lamba, N., Lauri, M. A., Laus, M. F., LeBlanc, L. A., Lee, H. J., Lipowska, M., Lipowski, M., Lombardo, C., Lukács, A., Maïano, C., Malik, S., Manjary, M., Baldó, L. M., Martinez-Banfi, M., Massar, K., Matera, C., McAnirlin, O., Mebarak, M. R., Mechri, A., Meireles, J. F. F., Mesko, N., Mills, J., Miyairi, M., Modi, R., Modrzejewska, A., Modrzejewska, J., Mulgrew, K. E., Myers, T. A., Namatame, H., Nassani, M. Z., Nerini, A., Neto, F., Neto, J., Neves, A. N., Ng, S. K., Nithiya, D., O, J., Obeid, S., Oda-Montecinos, C., Olapegba, P. O., Olonisakin, T. T., Omar, S. S., Örlygsdóttir, B., Özsoy, E., Otterbring, T., Pahl, S., Panasiti, M. S., Park, Y., Patwary, M. M., Pethö, T., Petrova, N., Pietschnig, J., Pourmahmoud, S., Prabhu, V. G., Poštuvan, V., Prokop, P., Ramseyer Winter, V. L., Razmus, M., Ru, T., Rupar, M., Sahlan, R. N., Hassan, M. S., Šalov, A., Sapkota, S., Sarfo, J. O., Sawamiya, Y., Schaefer, K., Schulte-Mecklenbeck, M., Seekis, V., Selvi, K., Sharifi, M., Shrivastava, A., Siddique, R. F., Sigurdsson, V., Silkane, V., Šimunić, A., Singh, G., Slezáčková, A., Sundgot-Borgen, C., Ten Hoor, G., Tevichapong, P., Tipandjan, A., Todd, J., Togas, C., Tonini, F., Tovar-Castro, J. C., Trangsrud, L. K. J., Tripathi, P., Tudorel, O., Tylka, T. L., Uyzbayeva, A., Vally, Z., Vanags, E., Vega, L. D., Vicente-Arruebarrena, A., Vidal-Mollón, J., Vilar, R., Villegas, H., Vintilă, M., Wallner, C., White, M. P., Whitebridge, S., Windhager, S., Wong, K. Y., Yau, E. K., Yamamiya, Y., Yeung, V. W. L., Zanetti, M. C., Zawisza, M., Zeeni, N., Zvaríková, M., Voracek, M., Swami, V., Tran, U. S., Stieger, S., Aavik, T., Ranjbar, H. A., Adebayo, S. O., Afhami, R., Ahmed, O., Aimé, A., Akel, M., Halbusi, H. A., Alexias, G., Ali, K. F., Alp-Dal, N., Alsalhani, A. B., Álvares-Solas, S., Amaral, A. C. S., Andrianto, S., Aspden, T., Argyrides, M., Aruta, J. J. B. R., Atkin, S., Ayandele, O., Baceviciene, M., Bahbouh, R., Ballesio, A., Barron, D., Bellard, A., Bender, S. S., Beydağ, K. D., Birovljević, G., Blackburn, M. È, Borja-Alvarez, T., Borowiec, J., Bozogáňová, M., Bratland-Sanda, S., Browning, M. H. E. M., Brytek-Matera, A., Burakova, M., Çakır-Koçak, Y., Camacho, P., Camilleri, V. E., Cazzato, V., Cerea, S., Chaiwutikornwanich, A., Chaleeraktrakoon, T., Chambers, T., Chen, Q. W., Chen, X., Chien, C. L., Chobthamkit, P., Choompunuch, B., Compte, E. J., Corrigan, J., Cosmas, G., Cowden, R. G., Czepczor-Bernat, K., Czub, M., da Silva, W. R., Dadfar, M., Dalley, S. E., Dany, L., Datu, J. A. D., Berbert de Carvalho, P. H., Coelho, G. L. D. H., De Jesus, A. O. S., Debbabi, S. H., Dhakal, S., Di Bernardo, F., Dimitrova, D. D., Dion, J., Dixson, B., Donofrio, S. M., Drysch, M., Du, H., Dzhambov, A. M., El-Jor, C., Enea, V., Eskin, M., Farbod, F., Farrugia, L., Fian, L., Fisher, M. L., Folwarczny, M., Frederick, D. A., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., Furnham, A., García, A. A., Geller, S., Ghisi, M., Ghorbani, A., Martinez, M. A. G., Gradidge, S., Graf, S., Grano, C., Gyene, G., Hallit, S., Hamdan, M., Handelzalts, J. E., Hanel, P. H. P., Hawks, S. R., Hekmati, I., Helmy, M., Hill, T., Hina, F., Holenweger, G., Hřebíčková, M., Ijabadeniyi, O. A., Imam, A., İnce, B., Irrazabal, N., Jankauskiene, R., Jiang, D. Y., Jiménez-Borja, M., Jiménez-Borja, V., Johnson, E. M., Jovanović, V., Jović, M., Junqueira, A. C. P., Kahle, L. M., Kantanista, A., Karakiraz, A., Karkin, A. N., Kasten, E., Khatib, S., Khieowan, N., Kimong, P. J., Kiropoulos, L., Knittel, J., Kohli, N., Koprivnik, M., Kospakov, A., Król-Zielińska, M., Krug, I., Kuan, G., Kueh, Y. C., Kujan, O., Kukić, M., Kumar, S., Kumar, V., Lamba, N., Lauri, M. A., Laus, M. F., LeBlanc, L. A., Lee, H. J., Lipowska, M., Lipowski, M., Lombardo, C., Lukács, A., Maïano, C., Malik, S., Manjary, M., Baldó, L. M., Martinez-Banfi, M., Massar, K., Matera, C., McAnirlin, O., Mebarak, M. R., Mechri, A., Meireles, J. F. F., Mesko, N., Mills, J., Miyairi, M., Modi, R., Modrzejewska, A., Modrzejewska, J., Mulgrew, K. E., Myers, T. A., Namatame, H., Nassani, M. Z., Nerini, A., Neto, F., Neto, J., Neves, A. N., Ng, S. K., Nithiya, D., O, J., Obeid, S., Oda-Montecinos, C., Olapegba, P. O., Olonisakin, T. T., Omar, S. S., Örlygsdóttir, B., Özsoy, E., Otterbring, T., Pahl, S., Panasiti, M. S., Park, Y., Patwary, M. M., Pethö, T., Petrova, N., Pietschnig, J., Pourmahmoud, S., Prabhu, V. G., Poštuvan, V., Prokop, P., Ramseyer Winter, V. L., Razmus, M., Ru, T., Rupar, M., Sahlan, R. N., Hassan, M. S., Šalov, A., Sapkota, S., Sarfo, J. O., Sawamiya, Y., Schaefer, K., Schulte-Mecklenbeck, M., Seekis, V., Selvi, K., Sharifi, M., Shrivastava, A., Siddique, R. F., Sigurdsson, V., Silkane, V., Šimunić, A., Singh, G., Slezáčková, A., Sundgot-Borgen, C., Ten Hoor, G., Tevichapong, P., Tipandjan, A., Todd, J., Togas, C., Tonini, F., Tovar-Castro, J. C., Trangsrud, L. K. J., Tripathi, P., Tudorel, O., Tylka, T. L., Uyzbayeva, A., Vally, Z., Vanags, E., Vega, L. D., Vicente-Arruebarrena, A., Vidal-Mollón, J., Vilar, R., Villegas, H., Vintilă, M., Wallner, C., White, M. P., Whitebridge, S., Windhager, S., Wong, K. Y., Yau, E. K., Yamamiya, Y., Yeung, V. W. L., Zanetti, M. C., Zawisza, M., Zeeni, N., Zvaríková, M., and Voracek, M.

Abstract

The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely used measure of a core facet of the positive body image construct. However, extant research concerning measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across a large number of nations remains limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset – with data collected between 2020 and 2022 – to assess measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis indicated that full scalar invariance was upheld across all nations, languages, gender identities, and age groups, suggesting that the unidimensional BAS-2 model has widespread applicability. There were large differences across nations and languages in latent body appreciation, while differences across gender identities and age groups were negligible-to-small. Additionally, greater body appreciation was significantly associated with higher life satisfaction, being single (versus being married or in a committed relationship), and greater rurality (versus urbanicity). Across a subset of nations where nation-level data were available, greater body appreciation was also significantly associated with greater cultural distance from the United States and greater relative income inequality. These findings suggest that the BAS-2 likely captures a near-universal conceptualisation of the body appreciation construct, which should facilitate further cross-cultural research.

Published
2023

27. Exploring antidepressant treatment response in the primary care of depression in the United Kingdom

Author

Abrahams, A.B., primary, Kingslake, J., additional, Dias, R., additional, Simon, J., additional, Goodwin, G.M., additional, Harmer, C.J., additional, Morriss, R., additional, Brown, S., additional, Guo, B., additional, Dourish, C.T., additional, Ruhé, H.G., additional, Veltman, D.J., additional, Van Schaik, A., additional, Deckert, J., additional, Reif, A., additional, Stäblein, M., additional, Menke, A., additional, Gorwood, P., additional, Scanferla, E., additional, Pérez, V., additional, Browning, M., additional, and Dawson, G.R., additional

Published
2023
Full Text
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28. Exploring the incidence of inadequate response to antidepressants in the primary care of depression

Author

Abrahams, A., primary, Kingslake, J., additional, Dias, R., additional, Simon, J., additional, Goodwin, G.M., additional, Harmer, C.J., additional, Morriss, R., additional, Brown, S., additional, Guo, B., additional, Dourish, C.T., additional, Ruhé, H.G., additional, Lever, A.G., additional, Veltman, D.J., additional, Van Schaik, A., additional, Deckert, J., additional, Reif, A., additional, Stäblein, M., additional, Menke, A., additional, Gorwood, P., additional, Voegeli, G., additional, Pérez, V., additional, Browning, M., additional, and Dawson, G.R., additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. Living near coasts is associated with higher suicide rates among females but not males: A register-based linkage study in the Netherlands

Author

Helbich, Marco, Mute Browning, M, White, M, Hagedoorn, P, Urban Accessibility and Social Inclusion, and Urban Accessibility and Social Inclusion

Subjects
Adult, Male, Deprivation, Environmental Engineering, Adolescent, Aquatic environments, Air pollution, Middle Aged, Pollution, Suicide, Young Adult, Residential address history, Case-Control Studies, Green spaces, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, Female, Mental health, Waste Management and Disposal, Netherlands
Abstract

Exposure to blue spaces may promote psychological wellbeing and reduce mental distress. Whether these effects extend to suicide is unknown. We used register data from 14 million Dutch adults aged 18-64-years between 2007 and 2016 in a nested case-control study to estimate associations between blue space exposures and suicide risk. Each suicide case was matched to ten randomly selected controls. Two blue space exposures were assigned over a ten-year residential address history: distance to the closest inland blue space and distance to the coast. We fitted (gender-stratified) conditional logistic regressions to the data. Possible effect modifications by income were also examined. In total, our analyses included 9757 cases and 95,641 controls. Effect estimates for distance to the closest inland blue space in the total population showed that people living farthest away from inland blue space were at-risk. Suicide risk was lower among women who lived farther away from the coast; no significant effect was observed for men. No evidence was observed that income modified these associations. Our findings provide suggestive evidence that living close to the coast is associated with greater suicide risk for women, while living closer to inland blue spaces may add to the resilience against suicide in the total population. Past research shows that coastal proximity protects against milder forms of mental illness, but these protective effects do not appear to hold for suicide. Blue space interventions for women with severe mental illness or propensities to engage in self-harm should be approached with caution.

Published
2022

36. Nature's contributions in coping with a pandemic in the 21st century: A narrative review of evidence during COVID-19

Author

Labib, SM, Mute Browning, M, Rigolon, A, Helbich, M, James, P, Labib, SM, Mute Browning, M, Rigolon, A, Helbich, M, and James, P

Abstract

While COVID-19 lockdowns have slowed coronavirus transmission, such structural measures also have unintended consequences on mental and physical health. Growing evidence shows that exposure to the natural environment (e.g., blue-green spaces) can improve human health and wellbeing. In this narrative review, we synthesized the evidence about nature's contributions to health and wellbeing during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that during the pandemic, people experienced multiple types of nature, including both outdoors and indoors. Frequency of visits to outdoor natural areas (i.e., public parks) depended on lockdown severity and socio-cultural contexts. Other forms of nature exposure, such as spending time in private gardens and viewing outdoor greenery from windows, may have increased. The majority of the evidence suggests nature exposure during COVID-19 pandemic was associated with less depression, anxiety, stress, and more happiness and life satisfaction. Additionally, nature exposure was correlated with less physical inactivity and fewer sleep disturbances. Evidence was mixed regarding associations between nature exposure and COVID-related health outcomes, while nature visits might be associated with greater rates of COVID-19 transmission and mortality when proper social distancing measures were not maintained. Findings on whether nature exposure during lockdowns helped ameliorate health inequities by impacting the health of lower-socioeconomic populations more than their higher-socioeconomic counterparts for example were mixed. Based on these findings, we argue that nature exposure may have buffered the negative mental and behavioral impacts of lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recovery and resilience during the current crises and future public health crises might be improved with nature-based infrastructure, interventions, designs, and governance.

Published
2022

37. Is green space associated with opioid-related mortality? An ecological study at the U.S. county level

Author

Becker, D, Mute Browning, M, McAnirlin, O, Yuan, S, Helbich, M, Becker, D, Mute Browning, M, McAnirlin, O, Yuan, S, and Helbich, M

Abstract

Opioid consumption, both legal and illicit, has risen precipitously in the U.S. over the past few decades, as has the number of deaths due to the use and misuse of opioids. Exposure to green spaces may help to alleviate the problematic levels of opioid use. Such exposure has been tied to health benefits relevant to opioid use. To explore the potential influence of green space on opioid-related health outcomes, we analyzed the association between tree canopy cover and mortality attributable to opioid use and abuse using 2008–2018 death rate data on a county level (n = 3087) across the contiguous U. S. We fitted spatial general additive model while controlling for socioeconomic factors, healthcare access measures, opioid prescription rates, and particulate air pollution. Contrary to expectations, canopy cover was positively associated with opioid mortality. A sensitivity analysis with forest land cover showed similar results while a sensitivity analysis with total greenness (NDVI) was nonsignificant. Stratified models by urbanicity level suggested suburban and rural counties drove the positive associations observed in the nationwide models. The findings for forest and canopy cover are unexpected, given the myriad health benefits of green spaces, yet might be explained by heavily forested areas (i.e., Appalachia) being home to injury-prone natural resource extraction employment sectors. The steady decline of these industries has created poor socioeconomic conditions that exacerbate the already elevated risk of opioid use and misuse. Alternatively, the magnitude of the protective effects of greenspace on pain reduction are insufficient to counter opioid demand. Further research is warranted, especially in studies with individual-level data. Entities with responsibility or interest in reducing the incidence of deaths from opioids are cautioned that green spaces might not be a viable option for reducing opioid mortality.

Published
2022

38. Greenspace and park use associated with less emotional distress among college students in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Larson, L, Mullenbach, L, Mute Browning, M, Rigolon, A, Thomsen, J, Covelli Metcalf, J, Reigner, N, Sharaievska, I, McAnirlin, O, D’Antonio, A, Cloutier, S, Helbich, Marco, Labib, SM, Larson, L, Mullenbach, L, Mute Browning, M, Rigolon, A, Thomsen, J, Covelli Metcalf, J, Reigner, N, Sharaievska, I, McAnirlin, O, D’Antonio, A, Cloutier, S, Helbich, Marco, and Labib, SM

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected many people's psychological health. Impacts may be particularly severe among socially vulnerable populations such as college students, a group predisposed to mental health problems. Outdoor recreation and visits to greenspaces such as parks offer promising pathways for addressing the mental health challenges associated with COVID-19. During the early stages of the pandemic (March–May 2020), we surveyed 1280 college students at four large public universities across the United States (U.S.) to assess how, and why, outdoor recreation and park use changed since the emergence of COVID-19. We also measured students' self-reported levels of emotional distress (a proxy for psychological health) and assessed potential demographic and contextual correlates of distress, including county-level per capita park area and greenness, using generalized linear models. We found that 67% of students reported limiting outdoor activities and 54% reported reducing park use during the pandemic. Students who reduced their use of outdoor spaces cited structural reasons (e.g., lockdowns), concerns about viral transmission, and negative emotions that obstructed active lifestyles. Students who maintained pre-pandemic park use levels expressed a desire to be outdoors in nature, often with the explicit goal of improving mental and physical health. Emotional distress among students was widespread. Models showed higher levels of emotional distress were associated with reducing park use during the pandemic and residing in counties with a smaller area of parks per capita. This study of U.S. college students supports the value of park-based recreation as a health promotion strategy for diverse populations of young adults during a time of crisis.

Published
2022

40. Greenspace and park use associated with less emotional distress among college students in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Urban Accessibility and Social Inclusion, Larson, L, Mullenbach, L, Mute Browning, M, Rigolon, A, Thomsen, J, Covelli Metcalf, J, Reigner, N, Sharaievska, I, McAnirlin, O, D’Antonio, A, Cloutier, S, Helbich, Marco, Labib, SM, Urban Accessibility and Social Inclusion, Larson, L, Mullenbach, L, Mute Browning, M, Rigolon, A, Thomsen, J, Covelli Metcalf, J, Reigner, N, Sharaievska, I, McAnirlin, O, D’Antonio, A, Cloutier, S, Helbich, Marco, and Labib, SM

Published
2022

43. Pramipexole Enhances Reward Learning by Preserving Value Estimates

Author

Halahakoon, DC, Kaltenboeck, A, Martens, M, Geddes, J, Harmer, C, Cowen, P, and Browning, M

Abstract

BackgroundDopamine D2-like receptor agonists show promise as treatments for depression. They are thought to act by altering how individuals learn from rewarding experiences. However, the nature of these reward learning alterations, and the mechanisms by which they are produced is not clear. Reinforcement learning accounts describe three distinct processes that may produce similar changes in reward learning behaviour; increased reward sensitivity, increased inverse decision temperature and decreased value decay. As these processes produce equivalent effects on behaviour, arbitrating between them requires measurement of how expectations and prediction errors are altered. In the present study, we characterised the behavioural effects of a sustained 2-week course of the D2/3/4 receptor agonist pramipexole on reward learning and used fMRI measures of expectation and prediction error to assess which of these three mechanistic processes were responsible for the behavioural effects.Methods40 healthy volunteers (Age: 18-43, 50% female) were randomly allocated to receive either two weeks of pramipexole (titrated to 1mg/day) or placebo in a double-blind, between subject design. Participants completed a probabilistic instrumental learning task, in which stimuli were associated with either rewards or losses, before the pharmacological intervention and twice between days 12-15 of the intervention (once with and once without fMRI). Both asymptotic choice accuracy, and a reinforcement learning model, were used to assess reward learning.ResultsBehaviourally, pramipexole specifically increased choice accuracy in the reward condition, with no effect in the loss condition. Pramipexole increased the BOLD response in the orbital frontal cortex during the expectation of win trials but decreased the BOLD response to reward prediction errors in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. This pattern of results indicates that pramipexole enhances choice accuracy by reducing the decay of estimated values during reward learning.ConclusionsThe D2-like receptor agonist pramipexole enhances reward learning by preserving learned values. This is a plausible candidate mechanism for pramipexole’s observed anti-depressant effect.

Published
2022

45. Enhanced Taste Recognition Following Subacute Treatment With The Dopamine D2/D3 Receptor Agonist Pramipexole in Healthy Volunteers

Author

Kaltenboeck, A, Halahakoon, DC, Harmer, C, Cowen, P, and Browning, M

Subjects
Pharmacology, Adult, Adolescent, Dopamine, Receptors, Dopamine D3, Healthy Volunteers, Psychiatry and Mental health, Young Adult, Pramipexole, Double-Blind Method, Taste, Dopamine Agonists, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Benzothiazoles
Abstract

Background Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) show impaired performance in taste recognition tests, which suggests a possible dopaminergic influence on gustatory functioning. To experimentally test this hypothesis, we assessed whether pharmacological manipulation of dopaminergic signaling in healthy volunteers can affect performance in a standardized taste recognition test. Methods Physically and mentally healthy volunteers (n = 40, age 18–43 years) were randomly allocated to treatment with either pramipexole or placebo using a double-blind, parallel-group design. After 12 to 15 days of treatment (dose titrated up from 0.25 mg/d of pramipexole salt to 1.0 mg/d), taste recognition performance was assessed using a standardized and validated assay (taste strip test). Additionally, visual analogue scale ratings of subjective pleasantness and disgustingness of taste samples were obtained. Results Compared with the placebo group, participants receiving pramipexole showed significantly higher total recognition accuracy (medianpramipexole = 14.0, medianplacebo = 13.0, U = 264.5, P = .04). This was driven by a higher sensitivity for taste in the pramipexole group. Exploratory analysis of pleasantness and disgustingness ratings of appetitive (sweet) vs aversive (bitter) stimuli suggested that pramipexole treatment was associated with overall blunted hedonic responses, but this effect did not survive the inclusion of nausea (a side effect of treatment) as a covariate in the analysis. Conclusions Healthy volunteers who received subacute pramipexole treatment exhibited higher taste recognition performance compared with the placebo group. This finding is consistent with a proposed role of the dopaminergic system in gustatory functioning and could have important theoretical and clinical implications.

Published
2021

46. Mechanisms underlying childhood exposure to blue spaces and adult subjective well-being: An 18-country analysis

Author

Vitale, V., Martin, L., White, M. P., Elliott, L. R., Wyles, K. J, Browning, M. H. E. M., Pahl, S., Stehl, P., Bell, S., Bratman, G. N., Gascon, M., Grellier, J., Lima, M. L., Lõhmus, M., Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J., Ojala, A., Taylor, J., van den Bosch, M., Weinstein, N., and Fleming, L. E.

Subjects
Subjective well-being, Blue/green space, Social Psychology, Intrinsic motivation, WHO-5, Cross-cultural analysis, Childhood, Applied Psychology
Abstract

Contact with natural environments is associated with good health and well-being. Although childhood nature experiences may be important in the development of an individual's relationship with nature and subsequent well-being, previous studies have tended to focus on ‘nature’ in general, and the mechanisms by which childhood experiences influence well-being in adulthood remain insufficiently studied. Drawing on cross-sectional survey data from an 18-country sample (N = 15,743) the current work extended previous research by examining: a) blue spaces (coasts, rivers, lakes, etc.) in particular; b) associations between adults' recalled childhood exposure to blue spaces, frequency of recent visits to green and blues spaces, and adult subjective well-being; c) the role of childhood exposure to blue spaces on intrinsic motivations to spend time in nature; and d) the consistency of these relationships across different countries. Tests of a model where childhood exposure to blue spaces was linked to adult subjective well-being serially through intrinsic motivation and then recent blue and green space visits exhibited a good fit, a pattern largely consistent across all 18 countries. However, an alternative model where recent visits predicted intrinsic motivation also demonstrated good fit, indicating that these processes may be iterative. Building familiarity with and confidence in and around blue spaces in childhood may stimulate a joy of, and greater propensity to spend recreational time in, nature in adulthood, with positive consequences for adult subjective well-being.

Published
2022

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