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1,255 results on '"Brown, Spencer A."'

2. Heparan Sulfate Synthesized by Ext1 Regulates Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling and Promotes Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors in GBM

Author

Ohkawa, Yuki, Wade, Anna, Lindberg, Olle R, Chen, Katharine Y, Tran, Vy M, Brown, Spencer J, Kumar, Anupam, Kalita, Mausam, James, C David, and Phillips, Joanna J

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Biological Sciences, Brain Disorders, Brain Cancer, Neurosciences, Rare Diseases, Cancer, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Animals, Cell Proliferation, Disease Models, Animal, ErbB Receptors, Glioblastoma, Heparitin Sulfate, Humans, Mice, N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Signal Transduction, Developmental Biology, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Biochemistry and cell biology, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

Signaling from multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) contributes to therapeutic resistance in glioblastoma (GBM). Heparan sulfate (HS), present on cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix, regulates cell signaling via several mechanisms. To investigate the role for HS in promoting RTK signaling in GBM, we generated neural progenitor cells deficient for HS by knockout of the essential HS-biosynthetic enzyme Ext1, and studied tumor initiation and progression. HS-null cells had decreased proliferation, invasion, and reduced activation of multiple RTKs compared with control. In vivo tumor establishment was significantly decreased, and rate of tumor growth reduced with HS-deficient cells implanted in an HS-poor microenvironment. To investigate if HS regulates RTK activation through platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) signaling, we removed cell surface HS in patient-derived GBM lines and identified reduced cell surface PDGF-BB ligand. Reduced ligand levels were associated with decreased phosphorylation of PDGFRα, suggesting HS promotes ligand-receptor interaction. Using human GBM tumorspheres and a murine GBM model, we show that ligand-mediated signaling can partially rescue cells from targeted RTK inhibition and that this effect is regulated by HS. Indeed, tumor cells deficient for HS had increased sensitivity to EGFR inhibition in vitro and in vivo. IMPLICATIONS: Our study shows that HS expressed on tumor cells and in the tumor microenvironment regulates ligand-mediated signaling, promoting tumor cell proliferation and invasion, and these factors contribute to decreased tumor cell response to targeted RTK inhibition.

Published
2021

3. Physical assessment to improve the identification of modifiable physiological fall risk factors in healthy community-dwelling older adults

Author

Brown, Spencer

Subjects
618.97, RD Surgery, RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
Abstract

As the population aged >60 years grows, the number of people falling and subsequent injury increases. Falls have a devastating effect on older adults living in the community in terms of morbidity, mortality, and loss of independence. In general, a positive answer to falls screening questions, or opportunistic identification of fall risk through primary care pathways, establishes an older adult as being at risk of a fall and warrants further investigation using multifactorial fall risk assessments (MFRA). At the MFRA stage, standardised fall risk assessment tools are directed at identifying the presence of physiological impairments and risk of falling in older adults. Although these tools identify which intervention domain a person needs, information from these assessments does not inform the health professional of the underlying causes of poor physical function and performance. Therefore, the purpose of this project was to develop an assessment tool that may potentially identify modifiable fall risk factors in this population. A conceptual framework for objectively measuring modifiable physical impairments and a novel assessment procedure (Performance Deficit Test for Community-dwelling older adults (PDT-Com)) were introduced (Chapter 2). This was followed by a brief description of the scoring criteria of the PDT-Com assessment and discussion of the validity of its contents (Chapters 3 and 4). Chapter 5 reviewed current literature on falls prevention guidelines and assessment procedures which identified a need to better detect modifiable risk factors. The first study was a systematic review examining the objective measurement of lower-extremity muscle strength in community-dwelling older adults (Chapter 6). The second study was another systematic review (Chapter 7) examining current assessment tools which are used to identify modifiable functional status and fall risk factors in this population. The results further supported the need for a newly designed assessment tool that can objectively measure modifiable physical impairments to better inform the contents of an exercise intervention. The first experimental study (Chapter 7) was carried out to determine reference values of strength for ten lower-extremity muscle actions using hand-held dynamometry in a small cohort of community-dwelling older adults. These data were used to develop an objective scoring system. A second experimental study (Chapter 8) investigated intra- and inter-rater reliability of the PDT-Com in community-dwelling older adults. Assessment of movement competency is reliable and can confidently be applied by suitably trained individuals when a standardised procedure is used. A final experimental study examined the effect and feasibility of a three-month home and group exercise intervention directed by initial assessment using the PDT-Com. For the experimental group, a corrective exercise programme was prescribed based on each person’s PDT-Com score. The mean total PDT-Com scores for the exercise group were significantly improved compared to baseline scores. Conversely, mean PDT-Com scores in the control group marginally decreased over time from baseline scores. Between groups differences in mean PDT-Com scores were observed between groups suggesting that those subjects receiving an individualised exercise programme improved their physical function compared to the control group. This new assessment tool is a promising but untested approach to reducing falls and falls-related injury through the identification, and possible causes, of modifiable fall risk factors at the MFRA stage. A physiological assessment paradigm serves to promote a primary preventative approach to the management of falls in active community-dwelling older adults.

Published
2019

8. Poster 187: Similar Clinical and Patient Recorded Outcomes Amongst Older Patients over 65 Years of Age Compared to Younger Patients undergoing Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair

Author

Castle, Joshua, primary, Jiang, Eric, additional, Wager, Susan, additional, Brown, Spencer, additional, Kasto, Johnny, additional, Gasparro, Matthew, additional, Muh, Stephanie, additional, Makhni, Eric, additional, Moutzouros, Vasilios, additional, and Gaudiani, Michael, additional

Published
2023
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13. Photoperiod Affects the Phenotype of Mitochondrial Complex I Mutants

Author

Pétriacq, Pierre, de Bont, Linda, Genestout, Lucie, Hao, Jingfang, Laureau, Constance, Florez-Sarasa, Igor, Rzigui, Touhami, Queval, Guillaume, Gilard, Françoise, Mauve, Caroline, Guérard, Florence, Lamothe-Sibold, Marlène, Marion, Jessica, Fresneau, Chantal, Brown, Spencer, Danon, Antoine, Krieger-Liszkay, Anja, Berthomé, Richard, Ribas-Carbo, Miquel, Tcherkez, Guillaume, Cornic, Gabriel, Pineau, Bernard, Gakière, Bertrand, and De Paepe, Rosine

Published
2017

17. Spencer Kellogg Brown, His Life in Kansas and His Death as a Spy, 1842-1863, As Disclosed in His Diary

Author

Brown, Spencer Kellogg, 1842-1863 Author, Farragut, David Glasgow, 1801-1870 Author, Walke, Henry, 1808-1896 Author, Porter, David Dixon, 1813-1897 Author, Pomeroy, Samuel Clarke, 1816-1891 Author, Porter, William David, 1809-1864 Author, Hoffman, William, 1807-1884 Author, Brown, Orville Chester, fl. 1837-1865 Author, Brown, Mary Ann Cozzens, fl. 1837-1855 Author, Brown, Cora, fl. 1855-1863 Author, Cozzens, William F., fl. 1861-1863 Author, Cozzens, Levi, fl. 1862-1863 Author, Wyatt, J. Harry, fl. 1861-1863 Author, Storrs, C., fl. 1861-1863 Author, Locke, G. M., fl. 1861-1863 Author, Sprague, Ezra T., fl. 1861-1865 Author, Scandlin, W. G., fl. 1863 Author, Carpenter, J. T., fl. 1863 Author, and Brown, Spencer Kellogg, 1842-1863 Author

24. Predicting a 2024 blue wave

Author

Brown, Spencer

Subjects
News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Spencer Brown The opinions expressed in The Lawrentian are those of the students, faculty and community members who wrote them. The Lawrentian does not endorse any opinions piece except [...]

Published
2023

25. The Democrat's guide to 2023 elections

Author

Brown, Spencer

Subjects
Elections, News, opinion and commentary, Sports and fitness
Abstract

Byline: Spencer Brown The opinions expressed in The Lawrentian are those of the students, faculty and community members who wrote them. The Lawrentian does not endorse any opinions piece except [...]

Published
2023

34. A phylogenetic framework of the legume genus Aeschynomene for comparative genetic analysis of the Nod-dependent and Nod-independent symbioses

Author

Brottier, Laurent, Chaintreuil, Clémence, Simion, Paul, Scornavacca, Céline, Rivallan, Ronan, Mournet, Pierre, Moulin, Lionel, Lewis, Gwilym P., Fardoux, Joël, Brown, Spencer C., Gomez-Pacheco, Mario, Bourges, Mickaël, Hervouet, Catherine, Gueye, Mathieu, Duponnois, Robin, Ramanankierana, Heriniaina, Randriambanona, Herizo, Vandrot, Hervé, Zabaleta, Maria, DasGupta, Maitrayee, D’Hont, Angélique, Giraud, Eric, and Arrighi, Jean-François

Published
2018
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37. Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Utilizing Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Porcine Model

Author

Zilberman, Brian, primary, Kooragayala, Keshav, additional, Lou, Johanna, additional, Ghobrial, Gaby, additional, De Leo, Nicholas, additional, Emery, Robert, additional, Ostrovsky, Olga, additional, Zhang, Ping, additional, Platoff, Rebecca, additional, Zhu, Clara, additional, Hunter, Krystal, additional, Delong, Drew, additional, Hong, Young, additional, Brown, Spencer A., additional, and Carpenter, Jeffrey P., additional

Published
2022
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43. Catch Me When I Fall! Resiliency, Freedom and Black Sisterhood in the Academy

Author

Delores V. Mullings, Elaine Brown Spencer, and Amoaba Gooden

Subjects
Black women, Praxis, Mentorship, media_common.quotation_subject, Subject (philosophy), Isolation (psychology), Gender studies, General Medicine, Sociology, Racism, media_common
Abstract

Many Black women academics feel caged in their ‘subject position[s]’ within the academy. They are challenged by lack of opportunities and mentorship, isolation, explicit racism, micro-aggressions and stereotyping. Despite the ways in which their bodies are marked by racist sexism, Black women faculty take on an inordinate amount of unrecognized, differentiated labour and service work in the academy. They tend to assist other racialized colleagues, graduate and undergraduate students to achieve academic success. There is a common thread of resiliency among these women who successfully navigate their paths in the academy through applications of the concept of Radical Black Academic Sisterhood. This is an interpretive praxis that utilizes both an oppositional stance and creates brave spaces to deal with experiences of being caged.

Published
2021

49. The Settlement and Integration Experience of Temporary Foreign Workers Living in an Isolated Area of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Author

Sobia Shaikh, Karun K. Karki, Sulaimon Giwa, Amoaba Gooden, Delores V. Mullings, Willow J. Anderson, and Elaine Brown Spencer

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Economic growth, Emotional support, business.industry, 05 social sciences, 0507 social and economic geography, Focus group, 0506 political science, Anthropology, Process theory, Political science, 050602 political science & public administration, Thematic analysis, Settlement (litigation), business, 050703 geography, Tertiary sector of the economy, Demography, Qualitative research
Abstract

This study explored the settlement and integration experiences of 12 current and former Filipino temporary foreign workers (TFWs) in the low-wage service industry residing in a remote and isolated area of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The study employed a qualitative research approach that involved five in-depth semi-structured interviews and two focus group discussions, with data analyzed using thematic analysis. Informed by labour process theory, four major themes emerged from individual interviews and focus group discussions: (1) the importance of employment, (2) settlement and integration challenges, (3) looking forward-looking back–transnational navigation and (4) settlement and integration support. These themes help to tell the stories of TFWs in the service industry, including the challenges and opportunities of transnational migration. The findings highlight minimal organizational support available to TFWs in the settlement and integration process, with the lion’s share of this responsibility falling on other Filipinos within the community to provide tangible and emotional support. Recommendations for how to support TFWs’ settlement and integration needs in remote and isolated communities are discussed.

Published
2020

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