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Contemporary descriptions of the larva, pupa, and adult of Blastobasis glandulella (Riley, 1871) are presented. Chaetotaxy, sensilla of antenna and maxillary palpus, labial complex and other structures of the larva, appendages of the pupa, wing venation, genitalia, antennal sex scales, and other features of the adult are illustrated with drawings and scanning electron micrographs. Synapomorphies for Blastobasis are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Aristotelia is proposed from sandy habitats in Texas, Colorado, and Kansas. Illustrations are provided of the imago and genitalia of the male and female. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Although the evolution of wing pattern in Lepidoptera is of great importance in various disciplines, potential wing pattern homologies have been examined in very few lineages of microlepidoptera. Psychidae belong to the most early‐diverging superfamily of ditrysian moths, and many psychid genera from Australia have wing patterns consisting of bands, spots, and/or reticulated lines. An examination of 35 species of Australian Taleporiinae (Psychidae) revealed that wing patterns most commonly conform to the ‘uniform wing‐margin’ model, in which each vein is surrounded by a pattern element of the same colour (usually dark brown) along the costal margin. Wing patterns that follow the ‘uniform wing‐margin’ model include bands, spots, and reticulated lines, suggesting that these pattern elements are homologous in some lineages. However, in patterns consisting primarily of spots (belonging to the genus Iphierga Meyrick), the spots can become smaller toward the distal portion of the wing, often disappearing altogether and thus causing an apparent violation of the predictions of the model. The wing patterns of three species clearly violate the ‘uniform wing‐margin’ model. Two of these three may conform to the ‘alternating wing‐margin’ model, though this is uncertain because some veins are not expressed in the adult wing. Lastly, the findings presented here demonstrate that for the ‘uniform wing‐margin’ model, as for the ‘alternating wing‐margin’ model, the relative colour of a series of pattern elements (dark vs. light) is not a reliable indicator of homology. Instead, homologies exist among the contrast boundaries that separate pattern elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite the great importance of lepidopteran wing patterns in various biological disciplines, homologies between wing pattern elements in different moth and butterfly lineages are still not understood. Among other reasons, this may be due to an incomplete understanding of the relationship between color pattern and wing venation; many individual wing pattern elements have a known relationship with venation, but a framework to unite all wing pattern elements with venation is lacking. Though plesiomorphic wing veins are known to influence color patterning even when not expressed in the adult wing, most studies of wing pattern evolution have focused on derived taxa with a reduced suite of wing veins. Results: The present study aims to address this gap through an examination of Micropterigidae, a very early-diverged moth family in which all known plesiomorphic lepidopteran veins are expressed in the adult wing. The relationship between wing pattern and venation was examined in 66 species belonging to 9 genera. The relationship between venation and pattern element location, predicted based on moths in the family Tortricidae, holds for Sabatinca just as it does for Micropterix. However, the pattern elements that are lightly colored in Micropterix are dark in Sabatinca, and vice-versa. When plotted onto a hypothetical nymphalid wing in accordance with the relationship between pattern and venation discussed here, the wing pattern of Sabatinca doroxena very closely resembles the nymphalid groundplan. Conclusions: The color difference in pattern elements between Micropterix and Sabatinca indicates that homologies exist among the contrast boundaries that divide wing pattern elements, and that color itself is not a reliable indicator of homology. The similarity between the wing pattern of Sabatinca doroxena and the nymphalid groundplan suggests that the nymphalid groundplan may have originated from a Sabatinca-like wing pattern subjected to changes in wing shape and reduced expression of venation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The descriptions of Rhopobota tungurahuana Razowski & Pelz and Ancylis ecuadorica Razowski & Wojtusiak were based on female specimens collected in Ecuador. Series of both sexes of these species were collected in Venezuela, and these represent new distribution records. Male genitalia are described, and figures of imagos and genitalia of both sexes are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wing patterns are key taxonomic characters that have long been used in descriptions of Lepidoptera; however, wing pattern homologies are not understood among different moth lineages. Here, we examine the relationship between wing venation and wing pattern in the genus Micropterix, among the most basal extant Lepidoptera, in order to evaluate the two existing predictive models that have the potential to establish wing pattern element homologies for the order. The location of wing pattern elements along the costal margin of the wing in Micropterix is consistent with the predictions of the model proposed for Tortricidae by Brown and Powell in 1991, later modified by Baixeras in 2002. The predictive power of this model for such distantly related taxa suggests that the model may hold across various superfamilies within Lepidoptera, and supports the long-held notion that fasciae, not spots, are the most likely primitive wing pattern elements for the order. In addition, the location of wing pattern elements suggests that the wing vein commonly termed Sc1 may in fact be a different vein, which Comstock identified in Trichoptera and referred to as “a.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eight closely related species of Eucosma Hübner are reviewed: E. refusana (Walker), E. decempunctana (Walsingham), E. amphorana (Walsingham), E. annetteana (Kearfott), E. autumnana (McDunnough), E. citricolorana (McDunnough), E. scotiana (McDunnough), and E. verna Miller. Eucosma scotiana is recognized as a junior synonym of E. annetteana, and two new members of the group, Eucosma litorea sp. n. and Eucosma millerana sp. n., are described. Distributional patterns and biogeographic relationships for members of the group are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study of the Black Belt Prairie species of Mississippi with the Osborn Prairie as one of the most biologically diverse prairie remnants of the Black Belt which is being managed by the Secretary of State of Mississippi. A preliminary survey of bees was conducted in 1991-1994 at the Osborn Prairie in Oktibbeha Co. and at a prairie remnant near Crawford in Lowndes Co. and a more intensive survey of bees in the Black Belt Prairie was initiated in June 1999 until August 2001. The name of genera and species follows the Integrated Taxonomic Information System and each species are given collection sites, dates and specimen source.

The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends universal screening and intervention for tobacco use, excessive drinking, and depression. These services improve health outcomes, decrease health care costs, enhance public safety, and generate substantial return on investment. Given the prevalence rates of these behavioral conditions and the time necessary for evidence-based interventions, it will be challenging to integrate behavioral screening and intervention (BSI) into busy health care settings. Therefore, consistent with the principles of the medical home and the chronic care model, the health care team must be expanded to systematically provide BSI. A 2-tiered, stepped-care model is proposed. The first tier of services-consisting of assessment, intervention, and follow-up services-would address most mild-to-moderate behavioral risks or conditions. The second tier would include various specialty-based resources, which would be conserved for patients with greatest need and potential to benefit. With slight enhancement of their training, health educators would be excellent candidates to serve as cost-efficient providers of first-tier services. The proposed model would help the United States realize improved health outcomes and cost savings as health care benefits are expanded to a greater proportion of its population. ( Population Health Management 2011;14:299-305) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Frenchman Cap gneiss dome of the Monashee Complex in the Canadian Cordillera sits in basement rocks of the orogen. It records a stepwise downward disappearance of penetrative deformation indicative of a frozen downward-migrating base of easterly verging Cordilleran shearing. This tectonic setting is incompatible with the commonly held views that gneiss domes of the Canadian Cordillera are extensional core complexes and that the presence of gneiss domes in orogens implies vertical flow. An important structural-time marker in our study is a widely distributed suite of ∼1850 Ma granite dykes that allow Cordilleran-aged structures to be distinguished from the older structures. The dykes show that only the uppermost ∼1.5 km structurally thick carapace of basement gneiss records penetrative Cordilleran strain, whereas the lowermost ∼5 km thick basement section does not and instead preserves a Paleoproterozoic migmatitic gneissosity. Cordilleran high strain in the upper basement carapace is characterized by penetrative easterly verging shear strain on both the westerly dipping and easterly dipping flanks of the dome, whereas Cordilleran deformation in the lower basement is limited to a meter-scale, top-to-the-east shear zone and NNE-trending, upright folds. New and previously published U–Pb data from accessory minerals indicates that the Cordilleran structures formed between 53 and 49 Ma, immediately prior to regional cooling and extension. The dome is interpreted as an incipient upright drag fold developed during top-to-the-east shearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive areas of prairie were once found in the southeastern United States; however, in the last 200 years much of this habitat type has been destroyed. The largest of these prairie regions, the Black Belt Prairie, extends through portions of Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee. The ant fauna of these endangered grasslands has not been well documented; therefore, a survey was initiated, with collections made at 23 Black Belt Prairie remnants in Alabama and Mississippi during a four-year period. A total of 53 ant species, in six subfamilies and 25 genera were collected. Six exotic species were collected, and 11 species were found to be restricted to trees within the prairie, resulting in 36 species that likely represent the true prairie fauna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The authors investigated the magnitude and cultural context of legal-age university students' provision of alcohol to underage students and how such alcohol provision might be deterred. Participants: 130 legal-age students at a midwestern university in the United States were randomly selected. Methods: The authors assessed 16 focus groups and a thematic analysis. Results: Most participants reported frequent alcohol provision. Most denied moral responsibility for any negative consequences that recipients might suffer. Small numbers of participants, chiefly women, would decrease alcohol provision after education on the sexual risks to underage females. Larger numbers would decrease provision in response to consistent law enforcement, severe legal and disciplinary penalties, and education on severe penalties. Conclusions: Legal-age students' provision of alcohol to underage students is an integral part of college students' drinking culture. As a deterrent, an enforcement-based campaign may be more effective than an educational campaign on the possible negative consequences of alcohol for underage students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Confocal laser scanning microscopy has become a valuable tool for a wide range of investigations in the biological sciences, but its use in insect systematics has been neglected. Confocal microscopy depends on the degree of fluorescence of the examined specimens, which is aided either by fluorescent dyes or autofluorescence of the specimen. This study provides methods for using a combination of fluorescent dyes and autofluorescence to provide images that document the value of confocal microscopy for systematic research with insects. Fluorescence was compared from Lepidoptera genitalia dissections that were unstained or stained with merbromin (mercurochrome), safranine, chlorazol black E, eosin Y, eosin Y + chlorazol black E, and orange-G. The unstained specimen showed that chitin autofluorescences to a small degree. The comparison of stains showed that use of eosin Y provides the best images, followed by safranine and mercurochrome. Orange-G and chlorazol black are the least fluorescent and provide poor images, even when chlorazol black is combined with eosin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phylogenetic relationships of 25 genera of Holarctic Teleiodini (Gelechiidae) are postulated based on morphology and molecular characters, including CO-I, CO-II, and 28S genes. The phylogenetic analysis of the morphology matrix yielded four equal most-parsimonious trees (length 330 steps, CI = 0.36, RI = 0.55) and a strict consensus tree (length 335 steps, CI = 0.36, RI = 0.54) with one polytomy and one trichotomy. The phylogenetic analysis of the combined morphology and CO-I + CO-II + 28S matrices yielded two equally most-parsimonious trees (length 1184 steps, CI = 0.50, RI = 0.42) and a strict consensus tree (length 1187 steps, CI = 0.50, RI = 0.42) that reinforced results from the morphological analysis and resolved the one polytomy present in the morphology consensus tree. Teleiodini are defined as a monophyletic clade with a Bremer support value greater than 5 in the consensus tree based on morphological and molecular data. Twenty-three clades of genera are defined with Bremer support values provided. An analysis of larval host-plant preferences based on the consensus tree for combined data indicates derivation of feeding on woody hosts from genera feeding on herbaceous hosts and a single origin of feeding on coniferous hosts. An area cladogram indicates five independent origins of Nearctic genera from Holarctic ancestors and one origin from a Palearctic genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adventive cactus moth Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), a widely used biological control agent for Opuntia Mill. cacti, was detected in Florida in 1989. Since then, it has spread along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of southeastern United States, threatening native Opuntia populations. We examined the phylogeography of 20 C. cactorum populations from Australia, South Africa, Hawaii, the Caribbean, Mexico, and the southeastern United States based on 769 bp of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1. Five distinct haplotypes were discovered, three of which occur in the United States. Cactoblastis cactorum in the United States falls into two distinct lineages: a western haplotype along the Gulf Coast and an eastern lineage with two haplotypes along the Atlantic Coast, with one of the eastern haplotypes identified as occurring at a single locality on the Gulf Coast. The two lineages have nontrivial genetic divergence (0.5%), and both are more closely related to populations outside the United States than they are to each other. This leads us to conclude that C. cactorum has been introduced to the United States at least twice. The isolated eastern haplotype on the Gulf Coast may indicate that C. cactorum has been introduced a third time, either from the Atlantic Coast or from outside the United States. Evidence from analysis of haplotypes and other information indicates that dispersal by commercial import action and human transport may be more important than flight ranges of ovipositing females for determining long range expansion of the species. Interestingly, the east-west pattern mirrors other coastal species distributions that have been interpreted as being due to Pleistocene vicariance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alcohol screening, brief intervention, and referral to specialized treatment (ASBIR) reduce drinking and related harms. Unanswered questions are how to manage nondependent patients with poor response to brief interventions, how to manage dependent patients who do not obtain treatment, and how to ensure population-wide delivery of ASBIR. Telephone-administered counseling may provide answers. Methods: We conducted a 12-month randomized controlled trial of a telephone and mail intervention for non-treatment–seeking primary care patients with alcohol use disorders. We enrolled 897 subjects after systematic screening in 18 primary care clinic waiting rooms in and around Madison and Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and subsequent telephone-administered diagnostic interviews. Experimental subjects received up to six sessions of protocol-driven telephone counseling based on principles of motivational interviewing and stages of readiness to change. Control subjects received a pamphlet on healthy lifestyles. The paper reports on 3-month drinking outcomes for men and women with alcohol abuse and dependence. Results: Male experimental subjects ( N=199) manifested a 30.6% decline in risky drinking days, compared with a 8.3% decline in controls ( N=201, p<0.001). The total consumption declined by 17.3% compared with 12.9% by controls ( p=0.001). Female experimental subjects ( N=246) manifested a 17.2% decrease in risky drinking days compared with an 11.5% decrease by controls ( N=251; p=NS) and a 13.9% decline in total consumption compared with 11.0% by controls ( p=NS). Greater numbers of telephone counseling sessions were associated with greater declines in drinking. Conclusion: Following systematic screening, a six-session telephone and mail intervention is more effective than a pamphlet in reducing drinking at 3 months for non-treatment–seeking men with alcohol abuse and dependence. An intervention effect of the enrollment procedures may have obscured further intervention effectiveness. Telephone counseling shows promise for non-treatment–seeking primary care patients with alcohol use disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case study reporting a high diversity of native ants co-existing with imported fire ants is presented. Thirty-six species of ants were collected within one meter of the base and on the lower two meters of the trunk of a Quercus pagoda (cherry bark oak) in Tombigbee National Forest, Winston County, MS, on five dates during 2003 and 2004. Twenty-three of these species, including the imported fire ant hybrid, Solenopsis invicra x richteri were nesting in the same area. A list of all species collected at the site is provided. Notes are given on the nesting habits of Polyergus lucidus longicornis and its slave, Formica dolosa, and also for other species in the area. Potential explanations for high diversity including the island effect of an isolated habitat, differing diets and foraging behaviors, habitat partitioning, and seasonal activity are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In the southern Canadian Cordillera a zone of structural divergence marks the eastward transition from penetrative ductile deformation and metamorphism in the Omineca belt to the more brittle ‘thin-skinned’ style of deformation typical of the Foreland belt. In the Selkirk Mountains of southern British Columbia, this zone includes a regional-scale structure termed the Selkirk fan. The fan trends northwest, consists primarily of medium- to high-grade metamorphic rocks, and comprises at least three generations of superposed structures. IDTIMS and SHRIMP analyses provide new U–Th–Pb age constraints for the structural evolution of the Selkirk fan. The data demonstrate that the thermo-structural development of the fan''s west flank occurred principally in the Middle Jurassic (ca. 172–167Ma), whereas in the east flank significant Cretaceous (ca. 104–84Ma) deformation was superimposed on an early transposition fabric. These data require revision of previous models that concluded fan formation occurred primarily during Middle Jurassic time. Rather, the Selkirk fan is a composite structure comprising Middle Jurassic and Cretaceous deformation. Development of the fan during the Early–Middle Jurassic accretion of the Intermontane Superterrane was followed by extensive reworking and tightening of structures in the fan''s east flank during the Cretaceous accretion of the Insular Superterrane. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The University of Wisconsin's Tobacco Intervention Basic Skills curriculum (TIBS) was inaugurated to begin training 147 first-year medical students in skills for promoting health behavior change. Learning activities included lecture, demonstration, reading, quiz, role-play exercises, and standardized patient interviews. After TIBS, the 69 students who provided pre- and postintervention data exhibited more therapeutic attitudes and increased knowledge and self-confidence in applying TIBS skills. Two months later, 52% of the 109 posttest respondents had applied TIBS in clinical settings, often for behaviors other than tobacco use. We conclude that medical students can gain from early training on promoting behavior change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The University of Wisconsin's Tobacco Intervention Basic Skills curriculum (TIBS) was inaugurated to begin training 147 first-year medical students in skills for promoting health behavior change. Learning activities included lecture, demonstration, reading, quiz, role-play exercises, and standardized patient interviews. After TIBS, the 69 students who provided pre- and postintervention data exhibited more therapeutic attitudes and increased knowledge and self-confidence in applying TIBS skills. Two months later, 52% of the 109 posttest respondents had applied TIBS in clinical settings, often for behaviors other than tobacco use. We conclude that medical students can gain from early training on promoting behavior change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geometry and timing of deformation affecting Ordovician bedrock and overlying Pleistocene sediments in the Rouge River valley near Scarborough, Ontario, are analysed to evaluate whether or not the structures are a result of glacial action or neotectonic activity. Extensive data on local and regional ice-flow directions are used to evaluate the kinematic compatibility between the observed faults and folds and the local ice-flow directions. Jointing and multiple episodes of faulting affect both the Ordovician bedrock and the overlying Pleistocene sediments. At one site, the bedrock is displaced by a normal fault by a minimum of 1.2 m. Crosscutting relationships constrain the majority of the faulting in the Rouge River valley as being coeval with deposition of the lower Bowmanville till during the Nissouri phase (ca. 23–15 ka), and possibly younger at one locality. The youngest regional ice-flow direction is northwestward; however, local ice-flow directions are highly variable. This can be explained by local perturbation enhanced by the presence of drumlinoid features in the area. Most deformation features are compatible with local and regional ice-flow directions. Glaciotectonic ice-push and ice-thrust deformation affected the Thorncliffe Formation after about 23 ka. Although some faults appear to be kinematically incompatible with ice-flow directions, six boreholes drilled to 52 m depth revealed only minor vertical offsets of bedrock strata in the uppermost 20 m, and an absence of obvious fault offsets deeper, precluding the possibility that the faults observed in the surface exposures were caused by deep-seated neotectonic stresses.Nous avons analysé la géométrie et le moment de la déformation touchant le socle ordovicien et les sédiments sus-jacents du Pléistocène dans la vallée de la rivière Rouge près de Scarborough, en Ontario, afin de déterminer si les structures résultent d'une action glaciaire ou d'une activité néotectonique. De nombreuses données sur les directions locales et régionales de l'écoulement glaciaire ont servi pour évaluer la compatibilité cinématique entre les failles et les plis observés et les directions locales des écoulements glaciaires. Le réseau de diaclases et les nombreux épisodes de failles affectent à la fois le socle ordovicien et les sédiments sus-jacents du Pléistocène. À un site, le socle est déplacé d'au moins 1,2 mètres par une faille normale. Des relations d'entrecroisements restreignent la plupart des failles de la vallée de la rivière Rouge à être contemporaines de la déposition du till Bowmanville inférieur au cours de la phase Nissouri (vers 23–15 ka) et possiblement plus jeunes à une localité. La direction de l'écoulement régional le plus jeune est vers le nord-ouest; toutefois, les directions locales de l'écoulement glaciaire sont hautement variables. Cela peut être expliqué par une perturbation locale rehaussée par la présence de formes drumlinoïdes dans la région. La plupart des paramètres de déformation sont compatibles avec les directions locales et régionales de l'écoulement glaciaire. La déformation glaciotectonique et de chevauchement glaciaire a affecté la Formation de Thorncliffe un peu après 23 ka. Bien que quelques failles semblent être incompatibles d'un point de vue cinétique avec les directions d'écoulement, six forages à une profondeur de 52 mètres ont révélé seulement de mineurs déplacements verticaux des strates du socle dans les 20 mètres supérieurs et une absence de déplacement évident de failles à de plus grandes profondeurs, écartant ainsi la possibilité que les failles observées dans les affleurements de surface aient été causées par des contraintes néotectoniques à de grandes profondeurs.[Traduit par la Rédaction] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are prevalent in primary care patient populations. Many primary care patients with AUDs can remit without formal treatment. An understanding of the factors that predispose patients to remission may help primary care physicians provide effective brief counseling for those with mild to moderate disorders and more effectively recommend formal treatment for others. METHODS A total of 119 eligible and randomly selected primary care patients with alcohol abuse or dependence in remission (as defined in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, third edition, revised) participated in a semistructured telephone interview. RESULTS Of the subjects, 59.7% were women; 50.4% had been alcohol dependent; 66.3% made a conscious decision to modify their drinking; and 62.1%. including 54.2% of the alcohol-dependent subjects, moderated their drinking without abstaining. Family, emotional, and medical issues most often prompted reduced drinking. Nearly one third of the subjects found specific strategies and rules helpful in reducing their drinking, and many cited circumstances that helped or hindered their efforts. Only 10.9% had formal alcohol treatment. CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of patients with AUDs remitted without formal treatment. Abstinence may not Be necessary for a subset of dependent patients. When counseling patients with active AUDs, primary care clinicians are advised to counsel patients about the psychosocial and medical reasons to control drinking, promote rule-setting about drinking, help patients avoid circumstances that trigger drinking, and support patients' attempts at moderating drinking rather than abstaining. Motivational interviewing (motivational enhancement therapy) may provide a useful framework for such counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines regional-scale fold system in the core of the Himalayan orogen. Geologic setting; Fold geometry and restoration; Alternative dynamic model to explain the presence of northeast-verging folds in the hanging wall of the Annapurna detachment.

Examines the geologic setting of the Selkirk fan within the southern Omineca belt of the Canadian Cordillera and interprets its origin in the light of sandbox and finite-element models. Malavieille's sandbox experiment; Palinspastic restoration of the Selkirk fan structure; Terrain accretion; Cretaceous to early tertiary deformation.

The article discusses the role of sex attractants as specific mating signals and relate structural diversities and similarities of known attractants to phylogenetic relationship in Tortricade. The Tortricidae includes over 5000 species of small moths that are distributed throughout the world. The larvae feed as leafrollers, leaf webbers, leafminers, and stem, root, fruit, and seed borers. The relative importance of sex attractants in reproductive isolation varies in a family as diverse as the Tortricidae, but there are numerous cases in which the sex attractants appear to be crucial.

Features playwright Nathaniel Lee. Reputation of Lee as a playwright; Critical attitudes toward Lee; Problem of dating the plays of Lee.

BACKGROUND. Although nonmedical use of illicit and prescription drugs is not uncommon among American adults, the currently recommended screening tests for substance use disorders (SUDs) focus only on alcohol. This study reports on the criterion validity of a two-item conjoint screening (TICS) test for alcohol and other drug abuse or dependence for a primary care sample, METHODS. A random sample of 434 primary care patients aged 18 to 59 years responded to nine screening items, which emanated from a focus group process. The DSM-III-R criteria for SUDs, as operationalized by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Substance Abuse Module, served as the criterion standard, RESULTS. At least one positive response to the TICS ("In the last year, have you ever drank or used drugs more than you meant to?" and "Have you felt you wanted or needed to cut down on your drinking or drug use in the last year?") discriminated current SUDs with approximately 81% sensitivity and specificity. The TICS was particularly sensitive to polysubstance use disorders. Respondents with zero positive responses had a 7.4% chance of a current SUD; one positive response, 45.0%; and two positive responses, 75.0%, CONCLUSIONS. More than 80% of young and middle-aged patients with current alcohol or other drug problems may be recognized by the TICS, which is easily integrated into a clinical interview. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND. Little is known about substance use and substance use disorders among primary care patients with chronic back pain. This study compared groups of patients with and without chronic back pain for the prevalence of substance use and substance use disorders. It also assessed the temporal relationship between the onset of chronic back pain and that of substance use disorders. METHODS. Adult patients aged 18 to 59 years who made three or more visits for back pain to a family practice clinic were eligible for the pain group. The comparison group consisted of a random sample of patients of the same ages who made appointments with the same clinic. A validated diagnostic interview about substance use disorders and other issues related to substance use was administered. RESULTS. Ninety-two percent of the patients in the chronic pain group reported severe pain, high disability, and severe to moderate limitation of activity. Two thirds (67%) of this group reported having continuous pain, and 21% experienced at least one episode of pain daily. Forty-four percent said their pain continously interfered with their activities, and 31% reported daily disruption of activity. There was little difference, however, in the adjusted rates of lifetime and current substance use disorders between the chronic pain and comparison groups. Lifetime prevalence rates were 54% for the pain group and 52% for the comparison group; current prevalence rates were 23% for both the pain and comparison groups. Substance abuse preceded the onset of pain by as much as 20 years for 77% of patients with chronic pain who had current substance use disorders and 63% of those who had lifetime substance use disorders. CONCLUSIONS. Chronic back pain did not connote special risk for current substance use disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a reply to a comment on the study "Analysis and Reinterpretation of Deformation Features in the Rouge River Valley, Scarborough, Ontario," by N. Eyles and A. Mohajer. Structural analysis of deformation features in relation to local ice flow directions; Interpretation of drumilinoid features; Compatibility of the faults with neotectonic-related or glacial tectonic-related processes.

One hundred and ninety-three species of ants, plus the hybrid fire ant, Solenopsis invicta X richteri, are reported for Mississippi. Thirty-two species are considered to be exotic to Mississippi. County records are given for each species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article by Ron Z. Goetzel, and colleagues on the correlation between health care expenses and alcohol consumption in the U.S. population in the November 2012 issue.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to an article by Leighton Ku and co-authors that exposed the need to strengthen smoking cessation services in clinical settings in the January 2016 issue.

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including "Substance Abuse Among Patients with Chronic Back Pain," by Richard L. Brown and colleagues, "Who Ever Heard of Family Physicians Performing Cesarean Sections," in the November 1996 issue, and "The Influence of Women on the Health Care-Seeking Behavior of Men."

The article presents a case study of a 54-year-old patient who has a history of unhealthy drug use. The article discusses the various aspects of screening and brief intervention (SBI) as a promising approach to alleviate substance use problems. Also tackled is how to use the drug SBI in the office setting.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to an article by Brown and colleagues about the remission of alcohol disorders.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to an article on a patient suffering from Munchausen's Syndrome.

Abstract: Chemical mapping and in situ U–Th–Pb analyses reveal a link between age domains and zones of relative yttrium (Y) depletion or enrichment within monazite crystals and are correlated with metamorphic reactions involving garnet. Conventional, small-fraction isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) and sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) techniques were utilized to measure U–Th–Pb isotopic compositions in metamorphic monazite from pelitic rocks of the southern Canadian Cordillera. Monazite ID-TIMS data from individual samples commonly demonstrate a 2 to 25 Ma range in U-Pb ages. This is difficult to reconcile using conventional regression techniques due to complexities such as excess 206Pb or bulk mixing of discrete age domains. Backscattered electron (BSE) imaging and X-ray elemental mapping for Y, Th, and U revealed complex internal zonation within many of the monazite crystals and served as a guide for detailed, in situ (∼30 μm) isotopic analysis using the SHRIMP. The Y maps generally provided the clearest indication of growth or recrystallization domains and were critical for targeting SHRIMP analysis because these relationships were not always clear in BSE, U, and Th images. Moreover, the Y domains consistently correlated with distinct age domains, with up to three or more in some crystals. These data clearly illustrate the cause of age dispersion within the analyzed monazite grains and demonstrate the significance of multiple age domains in metamorphic monazite that may be irreconcilable or misinterpreted when using conventional dating techniques such as ID-TIMS. Recent studies have investigated the interaction between accessory minerals such as monazite and major pelitic phases throughout a metamorphic event. Researchers have begun to focus on the partitioning of Y between monazite and garnet because it is highly compatible in both phases. Due to its greater volume, garnet exerts considerable control over the Y budget available during metamorphism in pelitic rocks. Consequently, this is reflected in the production and consumption of monazite, as it is sensitive to the availability of Y, and is preserved as internal zones of relative Y enrichment or depletion. Thus, precise ages of contrasting Y domains within monazite provided by in situ ion probe analysis may be correlated with metamorphic reactions involving garnet and assigned to points along the P–T path. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Presents a response to comments concerning a study on the kilometer-scale folding in the Teslin zone, northern Canadian Cordillera,and its tectonic implications for the accretion of the Yukon-Tanana terrane to North America. Methodology used; Indications of the observations of the study; Linear fabric elements recorded.

Abstract Objective This pilot study tests the feasibility of implementing a two-session intervention that addresses adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), post-traumatic stress symptoms, and health risk behaviors (HRBs) among Black primary care patients. African Americans are disproportionately exposed to stressful and traumatic events and are at greater risk for PTSD than the general population. Method A prospective cohort, experimental (pre-post) design with 2 post-intervention assessments were used to evaluate the feasibility of a motivation-based intervention for Black primary care patients with one or more ACEs. Indicators of feasibility implementation outcomes were assessed by participant adherence to treatment; suitability, satisfaction, and acceptability of the intervention; in addition to clinical outcomes of stress, HRBs, and behavioral health referral acceptance. Results Out of 40 intervention participants, 36 completed the intervention. Of the patients with one or more ACEs who participated in the intervention, 65% reported 4 or more ACEs and 58% had positive PTSD screens, and nearly two-thirds of those had at least one HRB. Satisfaction with the program was high, with 94% of participants endorsing "moderately" or "extremely" satisfied. The sample showed significant post-intervention improvements in stress, alcohol use, risky sex, and nutrition habits. Although stress reduction continued through 2-month follow-up, unhealthy behaviors rebounded. Almost one-third of participants were connected to behavioral health services. Conclusions Brief motivational treatment for ACEs is feasible in underserved primary care patients and could help individuals develop healthier ways of coping with stress and improve health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unhealthy substance use in the USA results in significant mortality and morbidity. This study measured the effectiveness of paraprofessional-administered substance use screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) services on subsequent healthcare utilization and costs. The pre-post with comparison group study design used a population-based sample of Medicaid patients 18-64 years receiving healthcare services from 33 clinics in Wisconsin. Substance use screens were completed by 7367 Medicaid beneficiaries, who were compared to 6751 randomly selected treatment-as-usual Medicaid patients. Compared to unscreened patients, those screened changed their utilization over the 24-month follow-up period by 0.143 outpatient days per member per month (PMPM) (p < 0.001), -0.036 inpatient days PMPM (p < 0.05), -0.001 inpatient admissions PMPM (non-significant), and -0.004 emergency department days PMPM (non-significant). The best estimate of net annual savings is $391 per Medicaid adult beneficiary (2014 dollars). SBIRT was associated with significantly greater outpatient visits and significant reductions in inpatient days among working-age Medicaid beneficiaries in Wisconsin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is an evidence-based approach to reducing substance use in adolescents. An emerging literature shows the promise of school-based SBIRT. However, most school-based SBIRT has only targeted substance-using adolescents and used school-based health clinics, which most schools lack. This project aimed to describe the following: a model for implementing universal SBIRT in high schools without school-based clinics, reasons students most commonly endorsed for reducing or avoiding substance use, students' perceptions of SBIRT, and students' intentions to change substance use or remain abstinent following SBIRT. Participants were N = 2513, 9th to 10th grade students in 10 high schools. Students rated SBIRT positively and indicated substantial intentions to reduce or delay substance use following SBIRT. Results support SBIRT's potential to delay substance use among current abstainers in addition to reducing substance use among current users. This project demonstrates SBIRT's feasibility as a universal method in high schools without in-school clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is limited data on the extent to which indicated alcohol interventions are delivered in U.S. ambulatory care settings.Objective: To assess the receipt of alcohol-related services, including assessment of use, advice to reduce drinking, and information about alcohol treatment, during ambulatory care visits.Design: Secondary data analysis of the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey of civilians in the non-institutionalized U.S. general population (response rate 71.7 %).Participants: Adult ambulatory care users in the public use data file who did not obtain emergency or inpatient services (n = 17,266).Main Measures: Measurements included respondents' alcohol consumption, heavy episodic drinking, alcohol use disorder, healthcare use, and receipt of alcohol-related interventions.Key Results: Approximately 71.1 % of ambulatory care users received an alcohol assessment. Among past-month heavy episodic drinkers without an alcohol use disorder who reported receiving an alcohol assessment, 4.4 % were advised to cut back. Among individuals with alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence who reported receiving an alcohol assessment, 2.9 % and 7.0 %, respectively, were offered information about treatment.Conclusions: Rates of alcohol screening and assessment were relatively high among adults who attended healthcare visits, but rates of intervention were low, even when individuals were assessed for use. Efforts are needed to expand delivery of interventions when patients are identified as positive for risky drinking, hazardous alcohol use, and alcohol use disorders during ambulatory care visits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Factor analysis of the item pool yielded a 3-factor, 18-item model. [•] There are 3 subscales: Emotional Impairment, Social Impairment, Risky/Impulsive Internet Use. [•] Focus group review support for both face validity and content validity. [•] The PRIUSS is a theoretically-grounded screening instrument for adolescent and young adult PIU. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Our purpose was to evaluate the interdisciplinary aspects of Project MAINSTREAM, a faculty development program that trained 39 competitively selected health professional tutors in substance abuse education. Mid-career faculty fellows (tutors) from 14 different health professions across the US dedicated 20% of their academic time for two years to Project MAINSTREAM. Teams of three fellows carried out curricular enhancement and service-learning field project requirements in mentored Interdisciplinary Faculty Learning Groups (IFLGs). Formative and summative evaluations were conducted via written questionnaires and confidential telephone interviews. The importance of interdisciplinary education was rated positively (mean of 3.57 on 1 - 5 scale). Using 18 parameters, fellows preferred interdisciplinary over single disciplinary teaching (means ranged from 3.40 - 4.86), and reported high levels of benefit from their interdisciplinary collaborations (means ranged from 3.53 - 4.56). Fellows reported that interdisciplinary educational collaborations were feasible (3.31) at their home institutions. The majority (63%) said that their trainees, colleagues, supervisors and institutions valued interdisciplinary training either "highly" or "somewhat", but 22% did not value it. The fellows identified scheduling conflicts (3.46), and lack of faculty rewards (3.46) such as pay or credit toward promotion, as two barriers that they encountered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. To determine if experienced primary care physicians are more likely to reach correct decisions on the telephone than their less experienced colleagues, we asked 31 first-year and 29 third-year residents, 21 faculty, and 36 private practitioners in pediatrics and family practice to evaluate three pediatric patients via a telephone interview with a simulated mother and to decide whether each patient needed to be seen that evening. Compared with first-year residents, the third-year residents, faculty and private practitioners decided less frequently to see children who were not severely ill (P < .05) or injured (P < .01); however, less than half obtained histories considered adequate to rule out potential serious illnesses. Faculty did better than either residents or private practitioners in managing a severely dehydrated child; 100% of the faculty, but less than 60% of the residents or private practitioners, chose to see the patient promptly (P < .001). More than one third of all residents and private practitioners reached inappropriate management decisions despite obtaining information that should have altered their decisions. In these simulations, experience in private practice was not associated with improved telephone management of very sick children. Faculty physicians appeared to be better able to identify severely ill children without inappropriately evaluating those who were less ill. In all three simulations, attainment of the correct decision appeared to be determined not by the number or type of questions asked, but rather by the physician's interpretation of the information collected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An adventive aphid and novel host–parasitoid association from cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananessa Duch. cv. Chandler; Fragaria × ananessa Duch. cv. Camarosa) in Mississippi, USA are reported herein. The aphid, first detected in high tunnel cultivation, was found predominately on newly emerged, not fully developed leaflets of daughter plants in the Fall of 2016. By 2017, aphids and their associated mummies were observed on fully developed leaflets on mother plants of both cultivars. The aphid was identified as Aphis ruborum (Börner & Schilder) using morphology and DNA barcoding studies. In addition, DNA barcoding identified parasitoid adults emerging from aphid mummies as two cryptic species, Aphelinus varipes (Foerster) and Aphelinus albipodus Hayat and Fatima. Occurrence of A. ruborum in Mississippi represents a new state record and the eastern-most established record in the United States. The A. ruborum – A. varipes or A. albipodus host–parasitoid association is reported for the first time anywhere in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]