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Gibbalaria longiphallus Brown and Aarvik, new species Figs 8, 24 Diagnosis. This species is described from a single male from Knysna, South Africa, identified by Razowski (2015) as Afroploce mabalingwae. It is superficially and morphologically extremely similar to other congeners, G. scabellana in particular, but can be distinguished by the exaggerated distal portion of the phallus. Description. Head: Brown; posterior half of labial palpus black. Thorax: Brown-gray, tegula brown proximally. Forewing length 8.0 mm; forewing ground color mixed gray and brown, grayish near costa, with some faint refractive bluish spots, suffusions and spots brownish and blackish (Fig. 8). Fringe gray, blackish terminally. Hindwing pale brownish cream above; fringe cream; male under side with irregularly ovoid patch of brownish gray secondary scales near middle of wing. Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 24) with uncus short-triangular; socii fused to tegumen; valva broad to middle with short, small hairy lobe at basal edge of basal cavity; sacculus terminating in rounded flange, with long group of dense setae (Spc 1) above ventral edge, two stout spines at base of cucullus; cucullus moderately uniform in width, slightly narrowing postmedially; phallus moderately broad, short; vesica with one large and two smaller cornuti. Female unknown. Type. Holotype ♁, South Africa, Western Cape Province, Knysna, 5 Feb 1966, G. Bassi, slide Bassi 6441 (GBC). Distribution. This species is known only from the holotype collected near Knysna in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the comparatively long phallus of this species., Published as part of Brown, John W., Aarvik, Leif & Timm, Alicia, 2023, Gibbalaria: A new genus of Olethreutini from the Afrotropical Region (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), and a new combination in Cosmopoda Diakonoff, pp. 217-239 in Zootaxa 5263 (2) on page 231, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7801028, {"references":["Razowski, J. (2015) African Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) chiefly from the collection of Graziano BASSI. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 58, 21 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.3409 / azc. 58 _ 1.21"]}

Gibbalaria bagamoyo (Razowski & Wojtusiak, 2014), new combination Figs 17, 27, 35 Afroploce bagamoyo Razowski & Wojtusiak, 2014: 212. Diagnosis. The male of Gibbalaria bagamoyo has a dark blackish gray patch of androconial scales on the underside of the hindwing and a dense patch of spiniform setae basal of the flange in the male genitalia. Gibbalaria bagamoyo can be separated by the more attenuate and dorso-posteriorly narrowed tegmen, the short uncus, and especially by the location of the patch of spiniform setae basal to the flange of the sacculus. The patch of male secondary scales on the underside of the hindwing is more compact and darker than in G. scabellana. Redescription. Head: Brownish. Thorax: Brownish with darker markings. Forewing length 5.5‒7.0 mm (n = 19); forewing slightly expanding distally; costa nearly straight; apex rounded; termen straight, somewhat oblique. Ground color cream sprinkled and suffused grayish brown; a diffuse dark median fascia with blackish brown median and costal spots; subterminal and apical fascia concolorous. Fringe damaged. Hindwing cream gray; cilia [remnants] creamish. Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 27) with uncus short, tapering distally; socius broad, fused to tegumen laterally, densely hairy; gnathos weakly sclerotized, simple; valva broad to end of sacculus which is convex postbasally, with a plate-shaped ventroterminal lobe beyond which there is a strong, socketed spine; a second spine dorsad to latter at base of cucullus; patch of bronzy orange setae above concavity of sacculus; basal cavity broad with small hairy prominence subdorsally. Phallus large, slender, tapering distally; vesica with 3‒5 non-deciduous cornuti. Female genitalia (Fig. 35) generally as in G. scabellana; antrum with variably developed diverticulum; signum an oval dentate plate with 5‒7 larger anteriorly directed teeth. DNA barcodes. The four sequenced specimens form a BIN with the nearest neighbor as G. scabellana. Type. Holotype ♁, Tanzania, Mandera, 150 km W Bagamoyo, 15 Dec 1988, J. Wojtusiak, GS 1471 (MJUK). Additional Material Examined. Kenya: Rift Valley Province: Nakuru District, 5km ENE of Gilgil, 00°29’03.8”S, 36°21’53.9”E, 2108 m, 27 Nov‒1 Dec 2010 (1♁), T. Gilligan (TGC). The same locality as the previous, 22‒24 Nov 2008 (1♁), L. Aarvik, D. Agassiz, A. Kingston, NHMO slide 4150 (NHMO). Malawi [Nyasaland], Limke, [no date] (1♁), H. Barlow, USNM slide 145,637 (USNM). Tanzania: Morogoro: Uluguru Mountains, road to Nyandira, 10 Jul 2009 (1♁, 1♀), J. & W. De Prins, USNM slide 144,519 (RMCA). Mazimbu Orchard, 500 m 10 May 2010 (1♁), J. & W. De Prins (RMCA). Morogoro Distr. & Town, 550‒600 m, 14 Nov 1991 (1♁), slide LA 2006 (NHMO); same data 15‒29 Nov 1992 (6♁, 1♀), slide NHMO 4119 (♁) and 4116 (♀); same data (2♁), 20 Dec 1992, slide NHMO 4115 and 4151; same data (1♀), 22 Jun 1993, slide LA 2307 (NHMO). Morogoro Distr.: Mindu Forest Reserve, 600 m, 24 Jan 1993 (1♁), L. Aarvik (NHMO). Uganda, Mpigi District: Mpanga Forest, 1200 m, 25–29 Oct 2014 (2♁), L. Aarvik & K. Larsen, slide NHMO 4114 (NHMO). Zimbabwe: Bulawayo, [20.1325°S, 28.6265°E], 15–23 Dec 1919 (1♁), A. J. T. Janse, USNM slide 145,796 (DMP). Remarks. Although identified as the holotype, the adult illustrated by Razowski & Wojtusiak (2014: fig. 12) is not the holotype of G. bagamoyo (J. Razowski, personal communication); it is a second specimen that likely is not conspecific with the holotype. It differs dramatically from its congeners in facies. Razowski & Wojtusiak (2014) describe the facies of the female and state that it has a wing span of 27 mm, over twice that of the male holotype (i.e., 12 mm); dimorphism in size of other congeners is exceedingly limited, and none show such a great difference in forewing length. Razowski & Wojtusiak (2014) provide neither an illustration of the female nor a description of its genitalia (perhaps it has no abdomen), and do not cite its collection data in the specimens examined. Hence, we suspect it may not be conspecific with the holotype. Our concept of this species is based solely on the text description of the male, the illustration of its genitalia, and correspondence with J. Razowski.

Gibbalaria chiloanei Brown and Aarvik, new species Figs 4, 20, 21, 32 Diagnosis. Superficially, G. chiloanei has a slightly greater forewing than G. divergana and G. occidentana, and the forewing pattern includes a pair of pale markings in the distal 0.3 that are more pronounced (i.e., in greater contrast to the ground color) than in those species. The male genitalia of G. chiloanei are extremely similar to those of G. occidentana, but they can be distinguished from those of the latter by the length of the valva (longer in G. chiloanei), the size of the rectangular flange at the base of the cucullus (narrower in G. chiloanei), and the configuration of the associated patch of long setae at the base of the flange (extending beyond the width of the flange in G. chiloanei, not extending beyond the flange in G. occidentana). The genitalia of the two males included under this species (Figs 20, 21) have many subtle differences, enough that based on morphology alone, we initially considered them to represent different species. However, DNA barcodes convincingly place them as conspecifics. Whether morphological differences actually represent individual variation, or the DNA barcodes are misleading, can be determined only with additional material. Description. Head: As described for genus. Thorax: As described for genus. Forewing length 7.5–8.0 mm (mean = 7.7 mm; n = 4); forewing pattern as in G. divergana but less defined (Fig. 4); male hindwing lacking patch of secondary scales on ventral surface. Abdomen: Male genitalia (Figs 20, 21) with uncus distinctly differentiated from top of tegumen, slightly narrowed subbasally to about 0.75 its distal width, with apical portion bearing a few long, fine setae from venter; top of tegumen somewhat rounded; socii ill defined, fused to margin of tegumen; valva broad basally, abruptly narrowed at middle, distal 0.6 nearly uniform in width, somewhat long-rectangular, rounded apically; costa of valva with triangular basal process bearing three slender spines; rectangular flange at base of cucullus (distal end of sacculus) bearing one large socketed spine and patch of long, fine, copper-colored setae, with patch extending basad beyond the width of the flange; second patch of finer setae midway between base and termination of sacculus; phallus as described for genus, vesica with two large, thorn-like, non-deciduous cornuti. Female genitalia (Fig. 32) as described for genus; sterigma a semicircular shield-like plate, antrum with nearly straight posterior edge (= ostium), bifurcate anteriorly; ductus bursae membranous, about as long as corpus bursae, with characteristic small diverticulum immediately anterad of antrum on left side; corpus bursae rounded-oblong; signum a small, coarsely reticulated area with a very shallow pocket; anterior end of corpus bursae attenuate. DNA barcodes. DNA barcodes of the holotype and three paratypes form a distinct BIN (BOLD: AAY9224) separated from its nearest neighbor, G. divergana, by a difference of 3.37 % Types. Holotype ♁, South Africa, Eastern Cape, Makhanda (Grahamstown), Rhodes University botanical garden, ca. 580 m, -33.33136, 26.5163, 6 Mar 2014, Timm, Chiloane & Lancaster (USNM), USNM slide 145,619. Paratypes (1♁, 3♀). South Africa: Eastern Cape Province: Makhanda [Grahamstown], 18 Aug 2014 (1♁), D. V. Chiloane (USNM), USNM slide 145,615; 2 Sep 2014 (1♀), 3 Sep 2014 (1♁, 1♀), D. V. Chiloane (USNM), USNM slide 145,797. Distribution. This species is known only from Makhanda in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Specimens were collected in March (n = 1), late August (n = 1), September (n = 3), likely represented two broods. Etymology. The species name is a patronym for D. Chiloane, who played a role in the collection of all the specimens of this species., Published as part of Brown, John W., Aarvik, Leif & Timm, Alicia, 2023, Gibbalaria: A new genus of Olethreutini from the Afrotropical Region (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), and a new combination in Cosmopoda Diakonoff, pp. 217-239 in Zootaxa 5263 (2) on page 228, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7801028

Gibbalaria scabellana (Zeller), new combination Figs 10, 11, 16, 22, 23, 33, 34 Sericoris scabellana Zeller, 1852: 81; Diakonoff 1957: 72. Afroploce scabellana (Zeller): Aarvik 2019: 324. Argyroploce sistrata Meyrick, 1911: 228; Clarke 1955: 287, new synonymy. Olethreutes sistrata: Clarke 1958: 548. Celypha sistrata: Diakonoff 1973: 498; Brown 2005: 168. Diagnosis.As currently defined (see Remarks below), Gibbalaria scabellana is superficially nearly indistinguishable from other species of Gibbalaria, except for the species that lack the dark scale patch on the undersurface of the hindwing (D. occidentana and G. chiloanei). Its male genitalia can be distinguished from those of G. longiphallus by the shorter and more truncate phallus, and from those of G. mabalingwae by the presence of a short-triangular uncus. From G. bagamoyo it differs in the location of the patch of spiniform setae basal to the flange of the sacculus, and from G. analcis it differs by a more constricted (i.e., less rounded) tegumen. Redescription. Head: Brown; posterior half of labial palpus black. Thorax: Brown-gray, tegula brown proximally. Forewing length 7.5–8.5 mm; forewing ground color mottled with brown and gray, slightly tinged with pinkish subterminally, grayish near costa, with some faint refractive bluish spots, suffusions and spots brownish and blackish. Fringe gray, blackish terminally. Hindwing pale brownish gray above; fringe cream; male under side with irregularly ovoid patch of brownish gray secondary scales near middle of wing; hindwing conspicuously darker brown in female. Abdomen: Male genitalia (Figs 22, 23) with uncus short-triangular; socii fused to tegumen; valva broad to middle with short, small hairy lobe at basal edge of basal cavity; sacculus terminating in rounded flange, with long group of dense setae (Spc 1) above ventral edge, two stout spines at base of cucullus; cucullus moderately uniform in width, slightly narrowing postmedially; phallus moderately broad, short; vesica with five to seven cornuti, one with a larger base. Female genitalia (Figs 33, 34) with sclerite surrounding ostium bursae large, postostial sterigma fairly long with slender lateroterminal lobes; antrum mostly sclerotized with variably developed mediolateral diverticulum; signum with single proximal lobe. DNA barcodes. Ten specimens of this species in BOLD form a BIN (BOLD: ABW0591) with an average difference of 0.21% among the samples. Three specimens from Makhanda [Grahamstown], Eastern Cape, South Africa (listed below) form a separate BIN (BOLD: ADE2779). Because we are unable to find convincing morphological characters to separate specimens of the two BINs, we tentatively assign all to G. scabellana. In the trees (Figs 1, 2) the three specimens from Makhanda are listed as “ scabellana.” Types. Holotype ♀ (scabellana), South Africa, Kaffraria (NHRS). Lectotype ♁ (sistrata), South Africa, Natal, Pinetown, Jan 1909, G.S. #9404 (NHMUK). Paralectotypes (sistrata), South Africa, Transvaal, A.I.D., Barberton, 18 Jan 1911 (1♀), G.S. #6625 (NHMUK), Transvaal, C.I.S., Zoutpansberg, 13 Dec 1909 (1♁), G.S. #6624 (NHMUK). Additional material examined (24♁, 6♀). South Africa: Eastern Cape: Makhanda [Grahamstown], 33.304°S, 26.528°E, 10‒12 Feb 2015 (2♁, 1♀), J. Brown & A. Timm, USNM slides 145,603 (♁), 145,652 (♀) (USNM). Eastern Free State: Modderpoort, 1818 Dec 1927 (1♀), A. J. T. Janse (DMP). Gauteng: Hekpoort, Mogale’s Gate Biodiversity Center, -25.9492, 27.6567, 1500 m, 15 Feb 2012 (3♁), P. Hebert & J. DeWaard (UOG); 25.9492, 27.6267, 1660 m, 16 Feb 2012 (1♀), P. Hebert & J. DeWaard (UOG); nr. Bush Camp, -25.9383, 27.6389, 1420 m, 14 Feb 2012 (1♁), P. Hebert & J. DeWaard (UOG). 3 air km SE Hekpoort, 1361 m, 7 Feb 2015 (1♁), Gilligan, Brown & Staude (TGC). Magaliesburg Nature Reserve, Steynshoop Mountain Lodge, 1526 m, 6‒8 Feb 2015 (15♁, 5♀), T. Gilligan (TGC). Mogale’s Gate Natural Reserve, site #2, riparian woods, -25.9642, 27.6348, 31 Jan 2015 (1♁), J. Brown & T. Gilligan (USNM). Magaliesburg, Golden Valley, Highveld grassland, 1538 m, 20‒21 Nov 2015 (2♁), T. Gilligan & H. Staude (TGC). Heidelberg, 10 Dec 1915 (1♁), A. J. T. Janse (DMP). Pretoria, 17 Nov 1913 (1♁), A. J. T. Janse (DMP). Limpopo: Shiluvane, Nov 1902 (1♀), Junod (DMP). Northern Cape: Three Sisters 5 Mar 1911 (1♁), 8 Mar 1911 (1♁), 23 Feb 1911 (1♁), 13 Mar 1911 (1♁), A. J. T. Janse (2 DMP, 2 AMNH). Rooiplaat, 18 Feb 1923 (1♁), C. J. Swierstra (DMP). Mpumalanga: Blyde River, Forever Resort, 23°34’S, 30°46’E, 1180 m, 20‒21 Nov 2016 (3♁), G, Bassi (GBC). Transvaal: 5 mi WE Warmbad, 24‒25 Feb 1968 (1♁, 1♀), Krombein & Spangler, male slide 144,616 (USNM). Woodbush Village, 13 Dec 2009 (1♁), C. J. Swierstra (DMP). Waterval-Boven, 28‒29 Oct 2002 (4♁, 1♀), H.W. v.d, Wolf, NHMO slide 4112 NHMO (1♁) and 4113 (1♀) (NHMO). KwaZulu-Natal: ca. 3 km S Rietvlei, Blackheath Farm, 1375 m, 20–25 Feb 1978 (1♁), D. & M. Davis & B. Akerbergs, USNM slide 144,873 (USNM). Sarnia, Nov 1919 (1♁), A. Janse (DMP). Western Cape: C.P., Wilderness, 12‒13 Mar 1968 (1♁), P. Spangler (USNM). Unknown Province: Minastone 16–25 Feb 1919 (1♁), H. G. Bryer (DMP). Malta, Ptbg., 1 Feb 1927 (1♁), G. v. Son (DMP). Distribution. As presented circumscribed, this species is widely distributed throughout South Africa, from sea level to about 1660 m elevation. Nothing is known of the life history. Remarks. Sericoris scabellana was described from a single female; the genitalia were illustrated by Diakonoff (1957). The male genitalia of the lectotype of Argyroploce sistrata were illustrated by Clarke (1958: 548). Both male and female genitalia of G. scabellana present a rather baffling array of variation, even though subtle, and indicate that additional cryptic species may be involved. This assumption is supported by results from DNA-barcoding (Figs 1, 2). Aarvik (2019) synonymized G. mabalingwae with G. scabellana, but in the present study based on additional material from South Africa, that synonymy probably was incorrect; hence, we reinstate G. mabalingwae as a valid species. Study of the type material of Argyroploce sistrata in NHMUK shows that this species falls within our concept of G. scabellana. To add further confusion, DNA barcodes indicate that three specimens from Makhanda, South Africa form a distinct cluster outside of scabellana. However, because we are unable to separate these from typical scabellana based on morphology, we include them in our broad concept of scabellana., Published as part of Brown, John W., Aarvik, Leif & Timm, Alicia, 2023, Gibbalaria: A new genus of Olethreutini from the Afrotropical Region (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), and a new combination in Cosmopoda Diakonoff, pp. 217-239 in Zootaxa 5263 (2) on pages 228-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7801028, {"references":["Aarvik, L. (2019) Tortricidae (Tortricoidea). Esperiana Memoir, 8, 313 - 347.","Meyrick, E. (1911) Descriptions of Transvaal Microlepidoptera. Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 2, 218 - 240.","Clarke, J. F. G. (1955) Catalogue of the Type Specimens of Microlepidoptera in the British Museum (Natural History) described by Edward Meyrick. Volume 1. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 332 pp.","Clarke, J. F. G. (1958) Catalogue of the type specimens of microlepidoptera in the British Museum (Natural History) described by Edward Meyrick. Volume 3. Trustees of the British Museum, London, 600 pp.","Diakonoff, A. (1973) The South Asiatic Olethreutini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Zoologische Monographieen van het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie. 1, 699 pp."]}

Cosmopoda graziani (Razowski, 2015), new combination Figs 37, 38 Diakonoffiana graziani Razowski, 2015: 36. Remarks. Although described in Diakonoffiana Koçak, 1981, the male genitalia of Cosmopoda graziani have little in common with those of Diakonoffiana cyanitis (Diakonoff, 1983), the type species of Diakonoffiana. The species is transferred to Cosmopoda on the basis of the overall similarity of the uncus, tegumen, and valvae to those of Cosmopoda aenopus Diakonoff, 1981, described from Madagascar. Superficially, C. graziani is similar to G. divergana, G. occidentana, and G. chiloanei, but the hindwing is weakly lobed at the anal angle and there is dense patch of thick secondary setae from the base of the hindwing (Fig. 37). The male genitalia (Fig. 38) are extremely similar to those of C. aenopus (see Razowski 2015: fig. 22). Whereas the tegumen, uncus, and socii are similar to those of G. divergana, G. occidentana, and G. chiloanei, the valvae are dramatically different, conspicuously constricted basad of the cucullus resulting in a narrow neck that bears a patch of exceedingly long setae; and the flange at the base of the cucullus is lobe-like bearing a single long, strong spine and a small patch of shorter setae (Fig. 38). Types. Holotype ♁, South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Champagne Castle Hotel, Winterton 1600 m, 12–13 Feb 1996, G. Bassi (GBC), Razowski slide 6420. Paratypes (1♁). South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Champagne Castle Hotel, Winterton 1600 m, 12–13 Feb 1996, G. Bassi (GBC), GS 6480., Published as part of Brown, John W., Aarvik, Leif & Timm, Alicia, 2023, Gibbalaria: A new genus of Olethreutini from the Afrotropical Region (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), and a new combination in Cosmopoda Diakonoff, pp. 217-239 in Zootaxa 5263 (2) on pages 234-236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7801028, {"references":["Razowski, J. (2015) African Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) chiefly from the collection of Graziano BASSI. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 58, 21 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.3409 / azc. 58 _ 1.21"]}

Gibbalaria divergana Brown and Aarvik, new species Figs 3, 30 Diagnosis. Gibbalaria divergana is superficially most similar to G. occidentana; unfortunately, the male of G. divergana is unknown. Gibbalaria divergana has about the same forewing length as G. occidentana, and is slightly smaller than G. chiloanei, but this is based on exceedingly few specimens. Gibbalaria divergana appears to have a slightly darker forewing pattern, with a well-defined, sub-rectangular bar extending from mid-termen that represents the remnant of the post-median fascia, and darker markings in general. In the female genitalia, the antrum of G. divergana is slightly shorter than that of G. occidentana and G. chiloanei, and the diverticulum at the posterior end of the ductus bursae is small and lobe-like. DNA barcodes provide additional evidence that is it distinct from those two species (Figs 1, 2). Description. Male unknown. Female. Head: As described for genus. Thorax: As described for genus; with distinct metathoracic tuft with distal scales slightly metallic bluish; forewing length 7.0 mm (n = 1); forewing with a series of ill-defined, parallel, outwardly oblique fascia, starting at about mid-costa, basal-most brown, followed by narrow silver-gray, then pale brown, then silver-gray, with a distinct, sub-rectangular, dark brown bar near midtornus (Fig. 3). Abdomen: Genitalia (Fig. 30) as described for genus; sterigma a short, semicircular, shield-like plate, antrum with posterior edge (= ostium) nearly straight, weakly bilobed anteriorly, slightly shorter than that of congeners; ductus bursae membranous, about as long as corpus bursae, with characteristic small diverticulum immediately anterad of antrum on left side; corpus bursae rounded-oblong; signum a small, coarsely reticulated area with a very shallow pocket with a single long tooth; anterior end of corpus bursae with a tiny lobe-like extension. DNA barcodes. The DNA barcode from the holotype is joined by a specimen from BOLD to form a BIN (BOLD: ACN9260) that is 3.37% different from its nearest neighbor. Types. Holotype ♀, South Africa, Eastern Cape Makhanda [Grahamstown], 550 m, 30.3106°S, 26.5256°E, 12 Nov 2013, J. Brown (USNM), USNM slide 145,609. [Grahamstown has officially been renamed Makhanda, and the latter name is used throughout the manuscript.] Distribution. This species is known only from one specimen from Makhanda, Eastern Cape Province, and one from The Crags, Western Cape Province, South Africa. The holotype was collected in March. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the slightly divergent appearance of the species, with a rather bold forewing pattern., Published as part of Brown, John W., Aarvik, Leif & Timm, Alicia, 2023, Gibbalaria: A new genus of Olethreutini from the Afrotropical Region (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), and a new combination in Cosmopoda Diakonoff, pp. 217-239 in Zootaxa 5263 (2) on page 225, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7801028

Gibbalaria analcis (Razowski, 2015), new combination Figs 14, 15, 28, 29 Afroploce analcis Razowski 2015: 34. Nepheloploce prodroma Razowski 2015: 35 (in part). Diagnosis. Males of G. analcis has a dark grayish black patch of androconial scales on the undersurface of the hindwing, as in many congeners. However, in G. analcis the patch continues into the lower portion of the discal cell, whereas in all other species the patch of scales is restricted to the area below the cell. Gibbalaria analcis can be further distinguished superficially by its forewing maculation, which has a considerably broader area of pale scaling in the tornal and subterminal regions. The male genitalia of G. analcis (Figs 28, 29) are easily distinguished by the rounded dorso-posterior half of the tegumen, in combination with a very short uncus. Redescription. Head: Rough scaled, grayish brown; labial palpus mostly pale tan on outer surface, mostly cream on inner surface. Thorax: Dorsum grayish brown mixed with darker markings; metathoracic tuft scales pale gray with white tips [lost on most specimens]. Forewing length 7.3–8.0 mm (mean = 7.5 mm; n = 5) in males, 8.0 mm (n = 1) in female; forewing broad, weakly expanding distally; costa evenly convex; termen slightly oblique, indistinctly convex; in male, ground color pinkish white in distal 0.33 of wing, remainder mixed with brown, diffusely strigulated dark brown with some faint, refractive, slight raised grayish spots; ill-defined, small patch of darker scales at base and at costa ca. 0.33 and ca. 0.65 distance from base to apex; apical region pale, with cream and pale gray scales, pale brown at apex; in female darker throughout. Fringe blackish gray [mostly lacking]. Hindwing cream and pale gray above in male; brown in female; in male, fringe cream to white, with scales at inner angle much larger, round-tipped; in female, fringe mostly brown throughout, with scales at inner angle forked; male underside with irregularly ovoid patch of blackish gray secondary scales near middle of wing, with a few paler brown scales along inner margin of discal cell; female underside without secondary scales; scales fork-tipped at inner angle. Abdomen: Male genitalia (Figs 28, 29) with uncus short, but at least partially parallel-sided, confluent with top of tegumen; socius broad, fused to tegumen laterally throughout their length; gnathos membranous, ill defined; tegumen triangular, somewhat ovoid in top half; valva broad basally, abruptly narrowed at middle, distal 0.5 (= cucullus) nearly uniform in width, somewhat long-rectangular, but slightly broadened and rounded apically; subbasal process of costa of valva large, rounded-triangular, densely covered with fine setae dorsally; sacculus with subrectangular flange in distal 0.3, with brush of bronze-orange, hairlike setae (Spc 2) basal to flange; a pair of strong, conspicuously socketed setae between basal portion of cucullus and flange of sacculus. Phallus ca. 0.5 length of valva, nearly straight, vesica with two deciduous cornuti. Female genitalia (Fig. 36) with papillae anales broadest near middle, rounded at each end; apophyses posteriors and anteriores about equal in length; ostium with narrow, sclerotized edges laterally, with edges approaching each other posterad; antrum parallel-sided, lightly sclerotized, about as wide as ostium, followed by membranous ductus bursae with short triangular diverticulum on left side. DNA barcodes. DNA barcodes from two specimens, one from the Democratic Republic of Congo and one from Gabon, represent a BIN (BOLD: ADE2144). Types. Holotype ♁, Republic of Cameroon, Dint Efok, 40 km NE Yaounde, 29‒31 Oct 1986, G. Bassi, GS 6476 (GBC). [male photo; genitalia photo] Paratype (♁). Republic of Cameroon: Dint Efok, 40 km NE Yaounde, 29‒31 Oct 1986, G. Bassi, GS 6480 (GBC). Additional Material Examined. Cameroon: Dint. Efok, 40 km NE Yaounde, 29‒31 Oct 1986 (1♀), G. Bassi, Bassi 6468 [paratype of N. prodroma] (GBC). Congo Belge [Democratic Republic of Congo]: P.N.A. [Parc National Albert], 13 Nov 1956 (1♁), 13 Oct 1956 (3♁), 8 Nov 1956 (1♀), P. Vanschuybroeck, USNM slides 145,605 (♀), 144,470 (♁), 145,651 (♁) (RMCA). Bas-Congo, Nat. Res. Luki-Mayumbe, 320 m, 5°37, 13°05’, 23 May 2007 (1♁), J. & W. De Prins (RMCA), USNM slide 145,604. Distribution. This species is known from Gabon (sequence in BOLD), the Republic of Cameroon, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Remarks. A female paratype of Nepheloploce prodroma Razowski, 2015 is almost certainly the opposite sex of the holotype of Afroploce analcis —it was collected at the same locality and during the same dates. Also, we assign five specimens from the Democratic Republic of Congo to this name based on a high degree of similarity in facies and male genitalia with the holotype of G. analcis. Although the uncus of the holotype of G. analcis (from Cameroon) is slightly shorter and more triangular than in specimens from the Congo (the holotype slide is extremely flattened, so the genitalia are slightly distorted), all other features are fairly consistent, including the shape of the flange and position of the patch of setae associated with the sacculus, the shape of the subbasal process from the costa of the valva, and the presence of two cornuti in the vesica. Nonetheless, given their disjunct occurrence and subtle differences, it is possible that specimens from the Congo represent an undescribed species., Published as part of Brown, John W., Aarvik, Leif & Timm, Alicia, 2023, Gibbalaria: A new genus of Olethreutini from the Afrotropical Region (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), and a new combination in Cosmopoda Diakonoff, pp. 217-239 in Zootaxa 5263 (2) on pages 233-234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5263.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7801028, {"references":["Razowski, J. (2015) African Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) chiefly from the collection of Graziano BASSI. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 58, 21 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.3409 / azc. 58 _ 1.21"]}