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Propose: Registered nurses (RNs) are considered to be a major source of professional supportive care for women diagnosed with gynecological cancer (GC). This study described the level of perceived professional benefits and explored association between perceived professional benefits, sense of coherence (SOC), and coping strategies in Chinese RNs caring for women diagnosed with GC.Method: A cross-sectional survey was employed to collect data using the Nurses Perceived Professional Benefits Questionnaire (NPPBQ), Sense of coherence scale (SOC-13), and Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Brief COPE). The questionnaires were administered to 250 RNs in China. The correlations between NPPBQ, SOC-13, and Brief COPE were evaluated with Pearsons correlation coefficient. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the relative contribution of each possible factor in explaining variance in the increased NPPBQ.Results: The total score for the NPPBQ was 142.4 (range 33.0-165.0). SOC, dysfunctional coping strategies, and problem-focused coping strategies were recognized as predictors of RNs perceived professional benefit, while, emotion-focused coping strategies were not significantly associated with RNs perceived professional benefits. Conclusions: The findings indicate that RNs who have high levels of SOC, dysfunctional coping strategies, and problem-focused coping strategies tend to experience more perceived professional benefit. These findings propose new perspectives for nursing managers to promote RNs perceived professional benefit by helping RNs to find meaningfulness when caring for women diagnosed with GC, increasing RNs communication skills to improve their relationship with patients, and training RNs to use coping strategies effectively., Funding Agencies|Anhui Provincial Department of Education [2019kfkc041/2020-215/2020-1353]; School of Nursing in Anhui Medical University [hlpy2020004/hlqm2021021]

Oral health is a complex issue associated with social and behavioral factors and general health. Therefore, this study aims to explore Swedish older adults’ perceptions of oral health and its influence on general health, based on the World Dental Federation's (FDI) definition and framework of oral health. The study adopted a descriptive qualitative design. Data were collected from semi-structured individual and focus group interviews with older adults (n = 23) and were analyzed with deductive direct content analysis. The study was evaluated using the COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research (COREQ) checklist. The older adults described the importance of good oral health in the physical, social, emotional, and mental aspects of their daily lives. The findings also indicate that older adults described oral health as multifaceted and agreed with the FDI's definition and framework of oral health. Therefore, the study findings might provide healthcare professionals with new knowledge and further insight into older adults’ perceptions of oral health and its influence on their well-being and general health., CC BY 4.0Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)© The Author(s) 2022.Copyright © 2022 by Vårdförbundet First published online September 13, 2022Corresponding author: Maria Snögren, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Högskolevägen, Box 408, 541 28 Skövde, Sweden. Email: maria.snogren@his.se

Aim The aim of this study was to explore the factors that are associated with posttraumatic growth among spouses of women diagnosed with gynaecological cancer. Design A cross-sectional descriptive study. Methods A convenience sample of 312 spouses of women diagnosed with gynaecological cancer was recruited from two comprehensive hospitals in China, from March 2018 to March 2020. Demographic characteristics, cancer-related characteristics, posttraumatic growth, perceived social support and coping were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis were performed. The methods were guided by the STROBE checklist. Results The mean score of posttraumatic growth was 46.7 (standard deviation = 16.7). The associated factors of posttraumatic growth were spouses' age, perceived social support, problem-focused coping, dysfunctional coping (e.g. denial) and cancer treatment received by partners, which accounted for 34% of total posttraumatic growth score. Patient or public contribution All participants contributed to the conducting of this study by completing self-reported questionnaires.

Background: In coming decades, the number of people affected by illnesses who need palliative care will rise worldwide. Registered Nurses are in a central position in providing this care, and education is one of the necessary components for meeting coming requirements. However, there is a lack of knowledge about palliative care in undergraduate nursing education curricula, including the extent of the education provided and the related pedagogical methods. Aim: The aim was to investigate the extent, content and pedagogical methods used and to explore lecturers’ experiences of being responsible for teaching and learning about palliative care for undergraduate nursing students on nursing programmes at Swedish universities. Setting: All 24 universities responsible for providing undergraduate nursing education in Sweden participated. Participants: One lecturer with in-depth knowledge about palliative care or end-of-life care education participated in the quantitative (n = 24) and qualitative (n = 22) parts of the study. Method: A mixed-method research study with an explorative design was used. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse quantitative data, and content analysis for qualitative, with both also analysed integratively. Results: Few undergraduate nursing programmes included a specific course about palliative care in their curricula, however, all universities incorporated education about palliative care in some way. Most of the palliative care education was theoretical, and lecturers used a variety of pedagogical strategies and their own professional and personal experience to support students to understand the palliative care approach. Topics such as life and death were difficult to both learn and teach about. Conclusions: There is a need for substantial education about palliative care. Lecturers strive on their own to develop students’ understanding and increase the extent of palliative care education with innovative teaching strategies, but must compete with, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0© 2021 The Authors. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Nordic College of Caring Science.First published: 28 December 2021

The ageing population is increasing worldwide, with older people often having multimorbidity and a need for help with activities and personal care. Home Care Assistants (HCAs) are central to the provision of care in the home. They meet older people approaching the end of life and their relatives. Little is known about HCAs attitudes towards caring for a dying person and how aspects such as education, age, earlier care experiences, care education and experience of caring for dying older people affect their attitudes. The aim was to describe HCAs' attitudes towards the care of dying persons living in their ordinary homes. This cross-sectional study used the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale (FATCOD) for data collection during December 2017 and January 2018, and descriptive statistics and regression analysis for data analysis. The participants were HCAs (n = 127, 96% of those eligible) in a municipality in central Sweden. An overall positive attitude was reported. About 32% lacked formal HCA education although 93% had experience of interacting with a dying person. Age, HCA education, internal palliative care education, number of years' experience and previous experience of caring for a dying person were independently associated with HCAs' attitudes. In the multivariate regression analysis, age and years of experience were the only significant predictors of HCAs' attitudes towards caring for dying care recipients. Young employees without HCA education and experience of a dying person might be vulnerable in situations involving caring for a dying person. Communicating about death and dying, forming a relationship with the care recipient and the family, and providing care when a person is dying can be challenging. Implications: Young employees without HCA education and experience of interacting with a dying person needs to be prepared for the situation. This needs to be considered by stakeholders and social and healthcare organisations.

Bakgrund: Antalet människor som drabbas av sjukdomar och behöver palliativ vård kommer öka världen över. Sjuksköterskor är i position för avgörande insatser riktade för både patient och närstående. Kunskap finns om stora variationer i utbildning om palliativ vård i sjuksköterskeutbildningar i Sverige medan kunskap om hur palliativ vård ingår i utbildningsplaner och hur undervisningen utformas är bristfällig. Syfte: Att undersöka omfattning och innehåll, samt vilka pedagogiska strategier som används för utbildning om palliativ vård i sjuksköterskeprogram i Sverige. Dessutom att utforska erfarenheterna hos lärare om att undervisa om palliativ vård. Metod: En studie med mixad design genomföres. Alla 24 universitet som ansvarar för att tillhandahålla sjuksköterskeutbildning i Sverige deltog genom en lärare med kunskap om utbildningens innehåll. Beskrivande statistik användes för att analysera kvantitativa data och innehållsanalys för kvalitativa data. Resultat: Endast ett fåtal sjuksköterskeprogram i Sverige inkluderade en specifik kurs om palliativ vård i sina utbildningsplaner. Lärare upplevde sig tvungna att konkurrera med andra områden inom utbildningen för att undervisa om palliativ vård. Utbildningen som gavs om palliativ vård var främst teoretisk och lärare använde olika pedagogiska strategier och den egna yrkesmässiga och personliga erfarenheter för att stödja studenterna att förstå palliativ vård. Vissa områden, som döende och död var svåra ämnen att lära ut. Betydelse: Utbildning om palliativ vård är viktig för att klara kommande behov. Studien visar att lärare ofta strävar på egen hand för att utveckla studenters förståelse genom olika undervisningsstrategier och måste också konkurrera med andra områden inom utbildningen. Kartläggningen kan vara ett stöd för enskilda lärare och lärosäten för att möjliggöra utbildning om palliativ vård. Utbildning om palliativ vård måste prioriteras inte bara av enskilda lärosäten utan också på nationell nivå.

Deep Inspiration Breath Hold (DIBH) technology is increasingly used with radiation therapy to protect healthy organs from unwanted absorbed dose. Using deep breaths, this technique creates as larger distance between the heart and the chest wall. DIBH has shown good results, but requires a well-prepared, involved patient who has learned the correct breathing technique so that optimal position and breathing patterns can be reproduced during each treatment session. There is no evidence regarding which type of inhalation is optimal or how to best train this. However, a person-centered model for DIBH training has been developed in co-design with relevant stakeholders, and this will be integrated into a digital information and instruction tool enabling training undertaken at home. The purpose of this project is to describe and evaluate a person-centered model to train the most optimal breathing technique for breath-adapted postoperative radiotherapy of women affected by left-sided breast cancer.

For women diagnosed with breast cancer, radiation therapy (RT) is one of several treatment modalities offered. Most women express a desire for information before the treatment enabling them to prepare and feel safe. This need of information continues throughout the RT. Difficulties to assimilate health information gained from reading, personal meetings, or digital technology may relate to lower health literacy (HL). HL is a dynamic concept that encompasses skills such as reading and interpret information about one's health. Digital technology offers innovative ways to gain information. To facilitate relevance and reach of science it must be evaluated before implementation. The women participating in this study had access to a new digital information tool, Digi-Do. The Digi-Do comprises two separate but coherent applications for mobile devises: One virtual reality (VR) application, with a guided tour of the RT-department and an information application with focus on cancer and RT. The aim of the study was to illuminate the experience of digital versus analog ways of seeking and assimilate information for women diagnosed with breast cancer.

Digital health interventions (DHIs) have become essential complementary solutions in health care to enhance support and communication at a distance, with evidence of improving patient outcomes. Improving clinical outcomes is a major determinant of success in any health intervention, influencing its funding, development, adoption and implementation in real-world practice. In this article we explore our experiences of developing and testing DHIs to identify and discuss complexity challenges along their intervention research lifecycle. Informed by the case study research approach, we selected three individual DHIs aimed at satisfying the supportive and educational needs of people living with cancer. The Care Expert, the Digi-Do and the Gatapp were underpinned on different complexity frameworks i.e., the Medical Research Council framework and the Non-adoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread and Sustainability framework. This variance on the methodological underpinning was expected to prompt a multifaceted discussion on the complexity dimensions endorsed by each of the frameworks. Our discussion endorses the adoption of mixed-methods research designs, to gather the perspectives of stakeholders and end-users, as well as pragmatic evaluation approaches that value effectiveness outcomes as much as process outcomes. Furthermore, the dissemination and sustainability agenda of DHIs needs to be considered from early-stage development with the inclusion of a business model. This business plan should be worked in partnership with healthcare services, regulatory bodies and industry, aiming to assure the management of the DHI throughout time.

Bakgrund: Antalet människor som drabbas av sjukdomar och behöver palliativ vård kommer öka världen över. Sjuksköterskor är i position för avgörande insatser riktade för både patient och närstående. Kunskap finns om stora variationer i utbildning om palliativ vård i sjuksköterskeutbildningar i Sverige medan kunskap om hur palliativ vård ingår i utbildningsplaner och hur undervisningen utformas är bristfällig. Syfte: Att undersöka omfattning och innehåll, samt vilka pedagogiska strategier som används för utbildning om palliativ vård i sjuksköterskeprogram i Sverige. Dessutom att utforska erfarenheterna hos lärare om att undervisa om palliativ vård. Metod: En studie med mixad design genomföres. Alla 24 universitet som ansvarar för att tillhandahålla sjuksköterskeutbildning i Sverige deltog genom en lärare med kunskap om utbildningens innehåll. Beskrivande statistik användes för att analysera kvantitativa data och innehållsanalys för kvalitativa data. Resultat: Endast ett fåtal sjuksköterskeprogram i Sverige inkluderade en specifik kurs om palliativ vård i sina utbildningsplaner. Lärare upplevde sig tvungna att konkurrera med andra områden inom utbildningen för att undervisa om palliativ vård. Utbildningen som gavs om palliativ vård var främst teoretisk och lärare använde olika pedagogiska strategier och den egna yrkesmässiga och personliga erfarenheter för att stödja studenterna att förstå palliativ vård. Vissa områden, som döende och död var svåra ämnen att lära ut. Betydelse: Utbildning om palliativ vård är viktig för att klara kommande behov. Studien visar att lärare ofta strävar på egen hand för att utveckla studenters förståelse genom olika undervisningsstrategier och måste också konkurrera med andra områden inom utbildningen. Kartläggningen kan vara ett stöd för enskilda lärare och lärosäten för att möjliggöra utbildning om palliativ vård. Utbildning om palliativ vård måste prioriteras inte bara av enskilda lärosäten utan också på nationell nivå.

BACKGROUND: The Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying (FATCOD) is widely used as a measure of attitudes toward care of dying patients. However, poor factor structure and item redundancy have been reported across the literature. OBJECTIVE: A short version of the questionnaire is needed, to facilitate effective assessments of the attitudes of those caring for dying patients. The purpose of this study was to develop a FATCOD-Short Form and to secure its psychometric properties. INTERVENTIONS/METHODS: Data gathered from 1000 nurses in previous studies were pooled and reanalyzed. Principal components analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were utilized to assess the factor structure of the FATCOD-30. A Rasch model was used to evaluate the measurement functioning of the scale. RESULTS: Of the original 30 items, 9 items of FATCOD were chosen for retention in the short form based on the principal components analysis, floor or ceiling effects, interitem correlations, and item-total correlation. All 9 items had good internal reliability. Both confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis supported the unidimensionality of the FATCOD-Short Form. CONCLUSIONS: The 9-item FATCOD-Short Form demonstrates evidence of acceptable validity and reliability to identify nurses' attitudes toward caring for dying persons because of its brevity and comprehensive content. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: When changing curricula in nursing education or implementing new procedures in nursing practice, it is important to have valid instruments to evaluate the results of the change. Such instruments should not be too lengthy or complicated. FATCOD-Short Form is a brief and valid instrument that can be easily used.

Background Patients diagnosed with cancer who are due to commence radiotherapy, often, despite the provision of a considerable amount of information, report a range of unmet information needs about the treatment process. Factors such as inadequate provision of information, or the stressful situation of having to deal with information about unfamiliar things, may influence the patient’s ability to comprehend the information. There is a need to further advance the format in which such information is presented. The composition of information should be tailored according to the patient’s individual needs and style of learning. Method and findings The PD methodology is frequently used when a technology designed artefact is the desired result of the process. This research is descriptive of its kind and provides a transparent description of the co-design process used to develop an innovative digital information tool employing PD methodology where several stakeholders participated as co-designers. Involving different stakeholders in the process in line with recommended PD activities enabled us to develop a digital information tool that has the potential to be relevant and user-friendly for the ultimate consumer. Conclusions Facilitating collaboration, structured PD activities can help researchers, healthcare professionals and patients to co-design patient information that meets the end users’ needs. Furthermore, it can enhance the rigor of the process, ensure the relevance of the information, and finally have a potential to employ a positive effect on the reach of the related digital information tool.

For patients with cancer, sleep disturbance is commonplace. Using classical test theory and Rasch analyses, the present study compared two commonly used psychometric instruments for insomnia - Athens Insomnia Scale and Insomnia Severity Index - among patients with advanced cancer. Through convenience sampling, patients with cancer at stage III or IV (n = 573; 326 males; mean age = 61.3 years; SD = 10.7) from eight oncology units of university hospitals in Iran participated in the study. All the participants completed the Athens Insomnia Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, General Health Questionnaire-12, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Additionally, 433 participants wore an Actigraph device for two continuous weekdays. Classical test theory and Rasch analysis both supported the construct validity for Athens Insomnia Scale (factor loadings from confirmatory factor analysis = 0.61-0.87; test-retest reliability = 0.72-0.82; infit mean square = 0.81-1.17; outfit MnSq = 0.79-1.14) and for Insomnia Severity Index (factor loadings from confirmatory factor analysis = 0.61-0.81; test-retest reliability = 0.72-0.82; infit mean square = 0.72-1.14; outfit mean square = 0.76-1.11). Both Athens Insomnia Scale and Insomnia Severity Index had significant associations with Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, General Health Questionnaire-12, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, as well as having good sensitivity and specificity. Significant differences in the actigraphy measure were found between insomniacs and non-insomniacs based on Athens Insomnia Scale or Insomnia Severity Index score. With promising results, healthcare providers can use either Athens Insomnia Scale or Insomnia Severity Index to understand the insomnia of patients with advanced cancer.

Radiation Therapy (RT) is a common treatment after breast cancer surgery. The high-tech environment and unfamiliar nature of RT can affect the patient’s experience of the treatment. Misconceptions or a lack of knowledge about RT processes can increase levels of anxiety and enhance feelings of being unprepared at the beginning of treatment. Moreover, the waiting time can be long and experienced as meaningless or even life threatening. For successful radiotherapy, the person often needs to be immobilized. A calm, well informed patient might enhance quality of treatment, both from patient and provider perspective. Waiting times can become meaningful instead of meaningless if used wisely for information and preparation for patients and loved ones.