1. The SPS as lead-ion accelerator
- Author
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Altuna, X, Arduini, Gianluigi, Arimatea, C, Bailey, R, Blanchard, R R, Bohl, T, Brouzet, E, Burkhardt, H, Collier, Paul, Cornelis, Karel, de Rijk, G, Faugier, A, Ferioli, F, Hilaire, A, Jonker, M, Lamont, M, Linnecar, Trevor Paul R, Normann, L, Niquille, C, Roy, G, and Wenninger, J
- Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Nuclear Experiment ,Accelerators and Storage Rings - Abstract
In 1995 the CERN SPS was used during two months to accelerate fully stripped ions of the Pb208 isotope from the equivalent proton momentum of 13 GeV/c to 400 GeV/c. The radio frequency swing which is needed in order to keep the synchronism during acceleration is too big to have the SPS cavities deliver enough voltage for all frequencies. In a first stage, the beam is accelerated from 13 GeV/c to 26 GeV/c using the fixed frequency mode. During this stage the beam is grouped in four 2msec batches, separated by 3msec holes during which the frequency is changed in order to keep synchronism. At 26 GeV the beams are de-bunched and recaptured in order to fill the 3msec holes. From there on the lead ions are then accelerated up to 400 GeV/c with the normal frequency program. The de-bunching and recapture at 26 GeV improved the effective spill at extraction by a factor of three. Intensities up to 3.9 1010 charges could be obtained at 400 GeV/c. The total efficiency of the two RF captures was 64%.
- Published
- 1996