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The oral health of children and adolescents mirrors their general health. Because oral health care is often delivered in isolation from general health care, oral signs and symptoms do not always alert practitioners to their significance beyond the mouth. An important example of this is the association of a higher risk of dental caries and periodontal disease in children and adolescents with overweight, obesity and prediabetic conditions. Oral-health practitioners need to consider the health conditions that their patients may have. This will aid in diagnosis and alert the practitioner to oral conditions that may not resolve without general health-care intervention also. This paper reviews the more common oral conditions involving periodontal health in children and adolescents, and discusses the diagnosis of these conditions, potential associated health problems and the roles of pediatric dentistry and periodontology in the management of these conditions with the goal of children entering adulthood with healthy dentitions., (© 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Radiography can serve as a useful aid in the diagnosis of numerous oral conditions, with a place in nearly all of the disciplines of dentistry. As such it can have a beneficial role in caring for the oral health of children and adolescents. The following review discusses the use of radiography in the diagnosis of oral conditions in children and adolescents, with particular reference to the diagnosis of dental caries, dental trauma, growth and development and in other dental scenarios, along with the importance of incidental findings. The risks associated with radiation exposure from the use of radiography are discussed, how these need to be balanced with the possible benefits associated with such use, as well as how risks could be minimised. Summary recommendations are also presented, providing an overview of the use of radiography for oral diagnosis in various clinical scenarios for children and adolescents.

Management of the pulpal tissue in primary teeth is a clinical challenge facing dental practitioners on a regular basis. This article reviews the most common treatments used at the present time in the management of the pulp in deciduous teeth. It gives an overview of treatment options and the indications and contra-indications for the different treatment modalities. The evidence behind the medicaments used, their actions and success rates are discussed. Practical guidelines for choosing to retain or extract deciduous teeth and management of the primary tooth pulp with different clinical presentations are discussed. Areas of future research are highlighted.

Aim: The study was carried out to determine whether showing a local analgesia (LA) syringe to a child would influence behaviour during subsequent administration of LA, as opposed to concealing it., Materials and Methods: 25 children were randomly assigned to either a show (13) or no-show (12) group. The children were aged 4 years and 3 months to 8 years and 9 months, mean age 7 years and 9 months. One operator carried out all LA administrations. The procedure and dialogue were strictly standardised. Each child was filmed during LA administration. Three paediatric dentists scored the video recorded behaviours, using the Frankl Behaviour Rating Scale. The raters were blind as to which group the child belonged to., Results: No statistical difference was found between the behaviour ratings of the no-show and the show groups during LA administration (p>0.05)., Conclusion: Overall, the behaviour of the children in the show group did not differ from the behaviour of children in the no-show group. Whether to show or not to show the LA syringe is probably dependent on the behavioural skills of the operator.