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2. Why More Biologists Must Embrace Quantitative Modeling.

Author

Milligan, Brook G and Rohde, Ashley T

Subjects
*CONSUMER education, *PHENOMENOLOGICAL biology, *TEST systems, *BIOLOGISTS, *PROBLEM solving
Abstract

Biology as a field has transformed since the time of its foundation from an organized enterprise cataloging the diversity of the natural world to a quantitatively rigorous science seeking to answer complex questions about the functions of organisms and their interactions with each other and their environments. As the mathematical rigor of biological analyses has improved, quantitative models have been developed to describe multi-mechanistic systems and to test complex hypotheses. However, applications of quantitative models have been uneven across fields, and many biologists lack the foundational training necessary to apply them in their research or to interpret their results to inform biological problem-solving efforts. This gap in scientific training has created a false dichotomy of "biologists" and "modelers" that only exacerbates the barriers to working biologists seeking additional training in quantitative modeling. Here, we make the argument that all biologists are modelers and are capable of using sophisticated quantitative modeling in their work. We highlight four benefits of conducting biological research within the framework of quantitative models, identify the potential producers and consumers of information produced by such models, and make recommendations for strategies to overcome barriers to their widespread implementation. Improved understanding of quantitative modeling could guide the producers of biological information to better apply biological measurements through analyses that evaluate mechanisms, and allow consumers of biological information to better judge the quality and applications of the information they receive. As our explanations of biological phenomena increase in complexity, so too must we embrace modeling as a foundational skill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. Invasive plant benefits a native plant through plant-soil feedback but remains the superior competitor

Author

Sherri L. Buerdsell, Brook G. Milligan, and Erik A. Lehnhoff

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Plant soil feedback (PSF) occurs when a plant modifies soil biotic properties and those changes in turn influence plant growth, survival or reproduction. These feedback effects are not well understood as mechanisms for invasive plant species. Eragrostis lehmanniana is an invasive species that has extensively colonized the southwest US. To address how PSFs may affect E. lehmanniana invasion and native Bouteloua gracilis growth, soil inoculant from four sites of known invasion age at the Appleton-Whittell Audubon Research Ranch in Sonoita, AZ were used in a PSF greenhouse study, incorporating a replacement series design. The purpose of this research was to evaluate PSF conspecific and heterospecific effects and competition outcomes between the invasive E. lehmanniana and a native forage grass, Bouteloua gracilis. Eragrostis lehmanniana PSFs were beneficial to B. gracilis if developed in previously invaded soil. Plant-soil feedback contributed to competitive suppression of B. gracilis only in the highest ratio of E. lehmanniana to B. gracilis. Plant-soil feedback did not provide an advantage to E. lehmanniana in competitive interactions with B. gracilis at low competition levels but were advantageous to E. lehmanniana at the highest competition ratio, indicating a possible density-dependent effect. Despite being beneficial to B. gracilis under many conditions, E. lehmanniana was the superior competitor.

Published
2021
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4. Extreme drought induces rapid declines in co‐occurring native Bouteloua eriopoda and invasive Eragrostis lehmanniana

Author

Sherri L. Buerdsell, Brook G. Milligan, and Erik A. Lehnhoff

Subjects
black grama, Chihuahuan Desert, drought sensitivity, Lehmann lovegrass, plant invasion, precipitation pivot point, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Abstract Global climate change is expected to result in increased temperatures and variation in precipitation. In the Desert Southwest region of the United States, climate change may result in drier conditions. Eragrostis lehmanniana (Lehmann lovegrass) is an invasive species that has extensively colonized the southwestern United States, including Bouteloua eriopoda (black grama) grasslands. While both E. lehmanniana and B. eriopoda evolved in arid conditions, drier conditions may influence this invader–native system in unforeseen ways. Using a combination of precipitation pivot point (PPP) and drought sensitivity (DS) analysis, we compared responses of B. eriopoda and E. lehmanniana to altered precipitation regimes including long‐term drought treatments in the northern Chihuahuan Desert, New Mexico. We defined PPP as the critical point in precipitation amount below which plant percent cover decreased and above which it increased. We used DS, defined as the square millimeters of cover lost when precipitation decreased by 1 mm, to elucidate the direct response of biomass to drought on either side of the PPP. We estimated mean monsoon PPPs of 62.5 and 63.7 mm for B. eriopoda and E. lehmanniana, respectively. We estimated mean annual (1 October–30 September) PPPs of 108.6 and 108.5 mm for B. eriopoda and E. lehmanniana, respectively. Bouteloua eriopoda mean DS was 4.71 mm2/mm. Eragrostis lehmanniana mean DS was 1.56 mm2/mm. Results suggest that it is unlikely that extended drought will benefit E. lehmanniana over B. eriopoda and both species may decline under extreme drought.

Published
2022
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6. Plasma Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Concentrations after Intravitreous Anti–Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema

Author

Browning, David, Antoszyk, Andrew N., Price, Angela K., Fredenberg, Sherry L., Herby, Jenna T., Fleming, Christina J., McClain, Ashley A., Ennis, Sarah A., Gallagher, Kelly R., Karow, Angella S., Grupp, Autumn C., Puskas, Danielle, Watson, Lynn, Bojaj, Swann J., Balasubramaniam, Uma M., McClain, Donna, Styles, Donna R., Kuopus, Jeff A., Kimrey, Kathryn, Clark, Loraine M., Jackson, Lisa A., McOwen, Michael D., Dunlap, Matt, Held, Susannah J., Pieramici, Dante J., Nasir, Ma'an A., Castellarin, Alessandro A., Dhoot, Dilsher, Fishbein, Sarah, Giust, Jack, Wan, Lisha, Hanna, Michelle S., Rabena, Melvin D., Smith, Jerry, Bone, Layne J., Avery, Kelly, Giust, Matthew, Walker, Aimee, Shook, Aimee H., Esau, Sara, Ruvalcaba, Nitce L., Wells, John A., Clark, W. Lloyd, Johnson, David L., Payne, John F., Swinford, Tiffany R., Taylor, Mallie M., Garrison, Cassandra L., Miller, Peggy D., Houlahan, Amber R., O'Neill, Charlotte A., Floyd, Ashley, Parker, Crystal C., Sease, Courtney, Graham, Tara, Spencer, Robin, Ogbuewu, Tiffany N., Studebaker, Ashley, Huggins, Tyler, Spivey, Robbin, Jones, Brian, Williams, Ashley, Petty, Ron, Poston, Erin L., Ward, G. Michael, Baker, Carl W., Tilford, Ron H., Caldwell, Tracey M., Lambert, Lynnette F., Palmer, Mary J., Martin, Tracey R., Williams, Tana R., Kettler, Samantha, Camp, Alecia B., Silva, Paolo S., Arrigg, Paul G., Sharuk, George S., Shah, Sabera T., Sun, Jennifer K., Westerfeld, Corey, Andreoli, Christopher Michael, Aiello, Lloyd Paul, Schlossman, Deborah, Murtha, Timothy, Kwak, Hanna, Flores, Flor M., Stockman, Margaret E., Kieser, Troy, Krigman, Michael N., Bestourous, Leila, Weimann, Elizabeth S., Cavallerano, Jerry D., Hock, Kristen M., Robertson, Mary Ann, Kirby, Rita K., Papaconstantinou, Steve L., Madigan, Kylie M., Cavicchi, Robert W., Palitsch, Kate A., Yilmaz, Taygan, Berger, Brian B., Jhaveri, Chirag D., Moore, Tori, Manhart, Ginger J., Walsh, Rachel A., Gunderson, Ivana, Riepen, Dietrich, Bravenec, Chelsey A., Reid, Ryan M., Ren, Yong, Ostrander, Ben, Stovall, Christopher C., Elman, Michael J., Liss, Robert A., Leder, Henry A., Starr, JoAnn, Belz, Jennifer L., Putzulo, Charlene K., Sandler, Dallas R., Simmons, Jennifer L., Singletary, Pamela V., Davis, Ashley, Simpson, Perel M., Coffey, Teresa, Ketner, Daniel J., Cain, Terri, Metzger, Ashley M., Sotirakos, Peter, Marcus, Dennis M., Singh, Harinderjit, Roberts, Courtney N., Floyd, Geri L., Ortiz, Siobhan O., Mims, Virginia, Foster, L. Allison, Coursey, Christy, Gardner, Jared C., Ivey, Ken, O'Keefe, John Stewart, Astruc, Juan A., Schwent, Bryan J., Tabassian, Ali R., Rosen, Suzette A., Vaughan, David C., Michaels, Jeffrey, Arndt, Natalie J., Maziarz, John J., Friedman, Scott M., Moinfar, Nader, Williamson, Kimberly A., Fagan, Damanda F., Dawson, Katrina L., Walters, Paige N., McKinney, Allen, Carlton, Steve, Kwun, Robert C., Knudsen, Victoria L., Winward, Kirk E., Swartz, Mano, Howard, James G., Riley, Michelle, Taylor, Gena, Holt, Michelle, Winward, Jason G., Walsh, Adam, Taylor, Teresa, Walsh, Daniel, Hampton, G. Robert, Brown, Jamin S., Seth, Rajeev K., Sienkiewycz, Laurie J., Appleton, Deborah A., Grinnell, Cindy J., Cowley, Charity A., Kwasniewski, Lynn M., Manley, Michelle L., Robarge, Nicole E., DeSantis, Stefanie R., Hay, Peter B., DeForge, Teresa M., Wykoff, Charles C., Wong, Tien P., Chen, Eric, Brown, David M., Kim, Rosa Y., Major, James C., Schefler, Amy C., Fish, Richard H., Benz, Matthew S., Lipman, Meredith, Hutson, Amy, Landaverde, Nubia, Chancey, Ashley E., Cone, Cassie, Royse, Tressa, Sneed, Veronica A., Almanza, Belinda A., Dives, Brenda, Richter, Beau A., Kegley, Eric N., Lauer, Andreas K., Flaxel, Christina J., Bailey, Steven T., Schain, Mitchell, Lundquist, Ann D., Hanel, Shelley A., Ira, Shirley D., Nolte, Susan K., Steinkamp, Peter N., Ryan, Dawn M., Pickell, Scott R., Hui, Jocelyn T., Brix, Michelle, Barth, Jordan, Howell, Chris S., Fox, Gregory M., Cooper, Blake A., Batlle, Ivan R., Manning, Lexie R., Batlle, Karla A., Wyrick, Holly, Pippin, Katherine, Perkins, Samantha, Yeager, Frank T., Rush, Ryan B., Gardner, Glenn R., Rush, Christi, Hawkins, Johnathan R., Dumas, Brenda, Ysasaga, Ben, Shah, Chirag P., Morley, Michael G., Wiegand, Torsten W., Cleary, Tina S., Topping, Trexler M., Colegrove, Lindsey, Bechtel, Katharine, Johnson, Britta, Lebedew, Lisa, Lorius, Natacha, Chong, Sandy G., Stone, Jennifer L., Jones, Michael Cullen, Donovan, Dennis, Malone, Sherry, Graham, Margie, Santos, Audrey, Bennett, Steve A., Blinder, Kevin J., Smith, Bradley T., Nobel, Ginny S., Weeks, Rhonda F., Hoehn, Erika A., Stuart, Maria A., Pepple, Kelly E., Boyd, Lynda K., Pulliam, Brook G., Schremp, Steve A., Guevara, Stephanie L., Wehmeier, Jarrod, Wright, Timothy L., Gabel, Dana L., Miller, David G., Schartman, Jerome P., Singerman, Lawrence J., Coney, Joseph M., Novak, Michael A., Rao, Llewelyn J., Rath, Susan C., McNamara, Elizabeth, Stone, Larraine, Smith, Veronica A., Rykena, Cecelia, DuBois, Kimberly A., Ilc, Mary A., Tanner, Vivian, Drury, Kim, Nitzsche, Trina M., Greanoff, Gregg A., DuBois, John C., Burgess, Stuart K., Lara, Tirso M., Pereda, Noel H., Fernandez, Cindy V., Davis, Deborah, Quinchia, Evelyn, Workman, Karen, Nielsen, Jared S., Sohn, Jeong-Hyeon, Alliman, Kyle J., Saggau, David D., Parker, Marianne, George, Bethany, Eastvold, Carrie L., Sells, Kristin, Woehl, Tami Jo, Johnson, Marilyn A., Keenan, Holly, Coleman, Jennifer L., Spillman, Jamie, Freeman, Shannon, Schmidt, Leigh S., Boender, Lisa M., Partin, Jill L., Bennett, Bailey R., Rostvold, Jay, McLure Stone, Cameron, Raymer, Lea R., Menzel, Andrea K., Rickman, Leslie D., Campbell, Barbara, Sherlin, Lorraine P., Hawkins, Lisa H., Buckner, Melissa L., Matsipura, Olesya N., Price, Paula A., Ghuman, A. Thomas, Raskauskas, Paul A., Sharma, Ashish G., Wing, Glenn, Walker, Joseph P., Knips, Eileen, Kiesel, Cheryl, Peters, Crystal Y., Ryan, Cheryl, Greenhoe, Laura, Torres, Natalie N., Youngblood, Rebecca J., Turnbo, Danielle, Leslie, Anita H., Schoeman, Etienne C., Kiesel, Raymond K., Kingsley, Ronald M., Shah, Vinay A., Leonard, Robert E., Miller, Heather R., Icks, Sonny, Bergman, Vanessa A., Drummond, Vanessa K., Ross, Brittany L., Ellis, Reshial D., Whittington, Tina R., Almeida, Shannon R., Butt, Amanda M., Burris, Russ, Peters, Mark A., Lee, Michael S., Tlucek, Paul S., Ma, Colin, Hobbs, Stephen, Milliron, Amanda C., Ho, Stephanie L., Kopfer, Marcia, Logan, Joe, Hoerner, Christine, Khawly, Joseph A., Rahman, Hassan T., Abdelgani, Diana, Miller, Pam S., Fredrickson, Debbie, Pineda, Erica, Lopez, Desiree, Lowd, Donald K., Blank, Colin, Martinez, Lorena R., Muniz, Jason E., Gottlieb, Justin, Ip, Michael S., Blodi, Barbara A., Dietzman, Kristine A., Burke, Kathryn F., Smith, Christopher M., Olson, Shelly R., Wealti, Angela M., Reed, Sandie L., Krolnik, Denise A., Peterson, John C., Gonzalez, Victor Hugo, Diaz-Rohena, Roberto, Santiago, Juan G., Adyanthaya, Rohit, Patel, Nehal R., Anaya, Deyla, Garcia, Dina, Cruz, Edna E., Alvarez, Crystal A., Iracheta, Ruth, Rodriguez, Jessica, Cantu, Monica R., Flores, Rebecca R., Jasso, Hector, Rodriguez, Rachel, Miranda, Karina, Lozano, Krystle R., Garza, Maricela, Aguero, Lazaro, Sandoval, Amanda L., Montemayor, Monique, Alonso, Samuel, Garza, Santos, DiLoreto, David Allen, Ramchandran, Rajeev S., Kleinman, David M., O'Gara, George W., Czubinski, Andrea M., MacDowell, Peter, Steinmetz, Kari M., Castillo, Dan A., Yu, Yvonne F., Tongue, Salina M., Keim, Melissa S., Hollar, Rachel, Deats, Brandi N., Richardson, Brittany S., Singer, Lynn, Pannell, Taylor A., Daniels, Stewart A., Ranchod, Tushar M., Leong, Craig J., Touson, Stacey, Earl, Shannon R., Bartlett, Melissa C., Fernando, Christine, Factor, Djorella, Garcia, Jessica, Nguyen, Anna K., Hom, Betty, Walker, Cathy, Marudo, Grace M., Suazo, Jose Carlos, McNeil, Leah M., Hanamoto, Fred, Hughes, Matthew D., Ross, Robin D., Sanford, Susan M., Markiewicz, Nicole Martini, Utley, Tracy M., Henderson, Shannon, Lippincott, Joanie H., Streasick, Patricia, Glazer, Louis C., Garber, Frank W., Zheutlin, Jeffrey D., Listerman, Angela D., Feehan, Christine E., Cruz, Heather L., Kuitula, Donald E., Rainey, Olivia P., Weatherbee, Sue, Googe, Joseph M., Shuler, R. Keith, Anderson, Nicholas G., Perkins, Stephen L., Oliver, Kristina, Grindall, Nicole, Arnold, Ann, Beerbower, Jennifer, Hunt, Cecile, Schulz, Kathy L., Oelrich, Sarah M., Whetstone, Jerry K., Walsh, Justin, Morris, Chris, Wong, Robert W., Nixon, Peter A., Leon, Jeni L., Montesclaros, Chris A., Leung, Carrie E., Le, Phill, Harborth, Codey L., Rodriguez, Margaret A., Mangham, Cory, Aaberg, Thomas M., Westhouse, Scott J., Vincent, Holly L., Malone, Rebecca, Karsten, Kathy L., Maturi, Raj K., Harless, Ashley M., Novak, Carolee K., Bleau, Laura A., Steele, Thomas, Harris, Charlotte, Bildner, Alisha, Maple, Abby, Stone, Thomas W., Isernhagen, Rick D., Kitchens, John W., Holcomb, Diana M., Van Arsdall, Jeanne, Buck, Michelle, Slade, Edward A., Chiu, Mark T., Reddy, Ashok K., Wyant, Frank W., Montano-Niles, Mary M., Carter, Lorraine J., Maerki, Shirley, Tartaglia, Laura, Gomez, Paul P., Maestas, Stephen A., Shanta, Camille, Jimenez, Lisbrenda M., Stoltz, Robert A., Vanderveldt, Stephanie L., Lampert, Scott I., Marcus, Leslie G., Fulbright, Shelly, Martin, James P., Novack, Roger L., Liao, David S., Lo, Tammy Eileen, Kurokouchi, Janet, Ngo, Richard, Hoang, Connie V., Sierra, Julio, Zamboni, Adam, Protacio, Eric G., Kessinger, Jeff, Garg, Seema, Houghton, Odette M., Ulrich, Jan Niklas, Chavala, Sai H., DuBose, Elizabeth L., Barnhart, Cassandra J., Karmalkar, Megha, Jani, Pooja D., Goble, Justin, Cantrell, Debra, Esquejo, Rona Lyn, Shah, Sandeep N., Harmon, Natasha, Dhalla, Mandeep S., del Cid, Mario R., Halperin, Lawrence S., Brady, Jaclyn A., Hamlin, Monica, Lopez, Monica L., Mariano, Jamie, Neale, Candace M., Veksler, Rita R., Mannarelli, Angelica, Coffee, Robert E., Carvounis, Petros Euthymiou, Hemati, Pejman, Dorenbach, Cindy J., Joshi, Annika S., Leger, April, Barnett, Dana B., Morales, Joseph F., Mansour, Sam E., Choyce, Cathy, Dirawatun, Aissa L., Nagy, Emma A., Kerkstra, Jamie C., Fan, Joseph T., Suthar, Mukesh Bhogilal, Rauser, Michael E., Santiago, Gisela, Marvyn Cerdenio, Liel, Perez, Brandi J., Halsey, Kara E., Kiernan, William H., Knabb, Jesse, Catren, Rachel, Shami, Michel, Arrington, Brenda K., Neuling, Keri S., Meeks, Ashaki, Garcia, Natalie R., Blair, Kayla, Rhymes, Ginger K., Medrano, Janet, Kim, Judy E., Weinberg, David V., Stepien, Kimberly E., Connor, Thomas B., Williams, Vesper V., Kaczanowski, Tracy L., Packard, Krissa L., Flanders, Judy, Barwick, Vicki, Winter, Pat A., Beringer, Joseph R., Selchert, Kathy J., Lehr, John T., Rodriguez-Roman, Elaine, Jones, Teri, Haddox, Martha Eileen, Pena, Mark, Hernandez, Brenda, Chan, Clement K., Lalezary, Maziar, Lin, Steven G., Walther, Kimberly S., Gonzales, Tiana, Myers, Lenise E., Huff, Kenneth M., Chace, Richard, Kallay, Sunny, Stevens, Kirsten, Dolbec, Nicole, Baker-Hill, Ronda, Surette, Janea, Rose, Steven J., Connolly, Brian P., Guillet, Ernest G., Hall, Edward F., Yagoda, Margaret M., Doran, Mary Jo, Burgess, Mindy, Reynard, Ann, Powers, Margaret, Territo, Joe, Mein, Calvin E., Chica, Moises A., Lane, R. Gary, Holy, Sarah Elizabeth, Kirschbaum, Lita, Martinez, Vanessa D., Baker, Jaynee, Kincaid, Christa G., Castillo, Elaine, Wienecke, Christopher Sean, Schlichting, Sara L., Nakoski, Brenda, Diddie, Kenneth R., Cadwell, Deborah M., Van Arsdale, Louise, Boisvert, Taryn F., Galonsky, Joyce, O'Hayer, Susie, Johnson, Melissa L., McCabe, Frank J., Baker, Brad J., Defrin, Melvyn H., Lampson, Marie V., Pratte, Heather, Baron, Selena A., Borelli, Aundrea S., Davidorf, Frederick H., Wells, Michael B., Chang, Susie, Christoforidis, John Byron, Letson, Alan D., Salerno, Jill A., Perry, Jerilyn G., Shelley, Stephen E., Fish, Patrick J., Scott, Michael H., Dixon, James A., Walsh, Shannon R., Ozpirincci, Philomina M., Tebon, Brenda L., Moyle, Marcia J., Pavlica, Michael R., Matta, Noelle S., Brubaker, Cristina M., Backer, Alyson B., Bhagat, Neelakshi, Fay, Catherine, Mikheyeva, Tatiana, Lazar, Michael, Ellenberger, Janie D., Malpica, Beth, Brucker, Alexander J., Kim, Benjamin J., VanderBeek, Brian L., Drossner, Sheri, DuPont, Joan C., Salvo, Rebecca, Engelhard, Stephanie B., Berger, Jim M., Morales, Sara, Serpentine, Beth, Kaufman, Paul L., McCluskey, Jessica D., Wynne, Kathy T., Jordan, Julian, Watson, Brandun, Wirthlin, Robert S., Guglielmo, Eric S., Dittman, Eileen A., Waidelich, Dylan C., Garza, Cristofer J., Stone, Adeline M., Oakes, Ashley Nicole, Suner, Ivan J., Hammer, Mark E., Peden, Marc C., Traynom, Janet R., DenBoer, Rochelle, Vargo, Heidi, Ramsey, Susan, Malzahn, Anita Kim, Jeffres, Debra, Chaudhry, Nauman A., Shah, Sumit P., Haffner, Gregory M., German, Emiliya, Moreau, Shannan, Fox, Laura A., Matteson, Jennifer M., Pelletier, JoAnna L., Fontecchio, Alison, Morse, Emily, McNamara, Greg, Laglivia, Marie Grace, Scherf, Marissa L., LaPre, Angela, Cocilo, Justin A., Das, Arup, Friesen, Linda, Franco, Michele, Lucero, Johnny, Frazier, Melissa, Laviolette, Robert, Mian, Umar Khalil, Riemer, Rebecca L., Koestenblatt, Evelyn, Wolf, Louise V., Kim, Christine, Katkovskaya, Irina, Otoo, Erica, Ellerbe, Kevin A., Boyd, Kenneth, Costa, Caroline, Edwards, Paul Andrew, Gao, Hua, Hessburg, Thomas, Desai, Uday, Murphy, Janet, Monk, Mary K., Hall, Julianne, Mazurek, Melina, Ventimiglia, Katie M., Rusinek, Brian A., Stern, Bradley A., Brouhard, Kris, Weier, Katie M., Allis, Megan, Shaken, Jenny, Massu, Nicole M., Troszak, Tracy A., Burley, David, Bhavsar, Abdhish R., Emerson, Geoffrey G., Jones, Jacob M., Anderson, Tracy A., Gilchrist, Andrea, Peloquin, Matt D., Gaid, Gaid, Vang, Yang, Ryan, Samantha, Vang, Denise, Evans, Alanna C., Scherer, Tonja, Lazarus, Howard S., Bunch, Debra Paige, Davis, Liana C., Booth, Kelly, Trimble, Margaret, Bledsaw, Mary A., Moore, Jay, Rosberger, Daniel F., Groeschel, Sandra, Madry, Miriam A., DiGirolamo, Nikoletta, Pressley, Dustin, Santora, Robert, Gomez, Yenelda M., Olsen, Karl R., Bergren, Robert L., Conrad, P. William, Rath, Pamela P., Vyas, Avni Patel, Liu, Judy C., Merlotti, Lori A., Chamberlin, Jennifer L., Mechling, Holly M., Kelly, Mary E., Marfisi, Kellianne, Yeckel, Kimberly A., Bennett, Veronica L., Schultz, Christina M., Rigoni, Grace A., Walter, Julie, Forish, Missy A., Fec, Amanda, Foreman, Courtney L., Steinberg, David, McBroom, Keith D., Chen, Melvin C., Levy, Marc H., Torres, Waldemar, Jelemensky, Peggy, Raphael, Tara L., Rich, Joann, Sneath, Mark, Kinyoun, James L., Vemulakonda, Gurunadh Atmaram, Rath, Susan A., Ernst, Patricia K., Pettingill, Juli A., Jones, Ronald C., Clifton, Brad C., Leslie, James D., Solomon, Sharon D., Bressler, Neil M., Levin, Lisa K., Donohue, Deborah, Frey, Mary, Larez, Lorena, Murray, Keisha, Denbow, Rita L., Graul, Janis, Emmert, David, Herring, Charles, Rhoton, Nick, Belz, Joe, Lyon, Alice T., Mirza, Rukhsana G., Krug, Amanda M., Ramirez, Carmen, Kaminski, Lori, Castro-Malek, Anna Liza M., Mills, Amber N., Rozenbajgier, Zuzanna, Skelly, Marriner L., Simjanoski, Evica, Degillio, Andrea R., Lim, Jennifer I., Chau, Felix Y., Niec, Marcia, Johnson, Tametha, Ovando, Yesenia, Janowicz, Mark, Carroll, Catherine, Gross, Jeffrey G., Fishburne, Barron C., Flowers, Amy M., Stroman, Riley, Ochieng, Christen, McDowell, Angelique S.A., Paul, Ally M., Price, Randall L., Drouilhet, John H., Lacaden, Erica N., Nobler, Deborah J., Cummings, Howard L., Long, Deanna Jo, McCord, Ben, Robinson, Jason, Swift, Jamie, Maynard, Julie P., Pahk, Patricia J., Palmer-Dwore, Hannah, Dave, Dipali H., Pacheco, Mariebelle, Galati, Barbara A., Simpson, Eneil, Barkmeier, Andrew J., Vogen, Diane L., Berg, Karin A., Howard, Shannon L., Burrington, Jean M., Morgan, Jessica Ann, Overend, Joan T., Goddard, Shannon, Lewison, Denise M., Tesmer, Jaime L., Greven, Craig Michael, Fish, Joan, Everhart, Cara, Clark, Mark D., Miller, David T., Hubbard, George Baker, Yan, Jiong, Cribbs, Blaine E., Curtis, Linda T., Brower, Judy L., Dobbs, Jannah L., Jordan, Debora J., Ahmad, Baseer U., Huang, Suber S., Sedlacek, Hillary M., Hornsby, Cherie L., Ferguson, Lisa P., Carlton, Kathy, Sholtis, Kelly A., Allchin, Peggy, Clow, Claudia, Harrod, Mark A., Pankhurst, Geoffrey, Baum-Rawraway, Irit, Hrvatin, Stacie A., Gentile, Ronald C., Yang, Alex, Carrasquillo-Boyd, Wanda, Masini, Robert, Samy, Chander N., Kraut, Robert J., Shirley, Kathy, Corso, Linsey, Ely, Karen, Scala, Elizabeth, Gross, Stewart, Alava, Vanessa, Margalit, Eyal, Neely, Donna G., Blaiotta, Maria, Hagensen, Lori, Harris, April E., Lennon, Rita L., Cota, Denice R., Wilson, Larry, Wells, John A., III, Aiello, Lloyd P., Beck, Roy W., Bressler, Susan B., Chalam, Kakarla V., Danis, Ronald P., Arnold-Bush, Bambi J., Ferris, Frederick, Glassman, Adam R., Almukhtar, Talat, Dale, Brian B., Baptista, Alyssa, Connor, Crystal, Conner, Jasmine, Constantine, Sharon R., Dowling, Kimberly, Dupre, Simone S., Ayala, Allison R., Huggins, Meagan L., Inusah, Seidu, Johnson, Paula A., Loggins, Brenda L., McClellan, Shannon L., Melia, Michele, Battle, Eureca, Stockdale, Cynthia R., Stanley, Danielle, Jaffe, Glenn, Balsley, Brannon, Barbas, Michael, Burns, Russell, Busian, Dee, Ebersohl, Ryan, Heydary, Cynthia, McEwan, Sasha, Myers, Justin, Robertson, Amanda, Shields, Kelly, Thompson, Garrett, Winter, Katrina, Young, Ellen, Davis, Matthew D., Huang, Yijun, Blodi, Barbara, Domalpally, Amitha, Reimers, James, Vargo, Pamela, Wabers, Hugh, Myers, Dawn, Lawrence, Daniel, Allan, James, Jampol, Lee M., Antoszyk, Andrew, Friedman, Scott, Scott, Ingrid U., Schron, Eleanor, Everett, Donald F., Miskala, Päivi H., Connett, John, Abrams, Gary, Barnbaum, Deborah R., Flynn, Harry, Weinstock, Ruth S., Wilkinson, Charles P., Wisniewski, Stephen, Genuth, Saul, Frank, Robert, Ferris, Frederick L., III, Jaffe, Glenn J., Bhavsar, Abdhish, Googe, Joseph, Jr., Lauer, Andreas, McClain, Ashley, Liu, Danni, Duh, Elia J., and Quaggin, Susan

Published
2018
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7. Alignment-free genome comparison enables accurate geographic sourcing of white oak DNA

Author

Kujin Tang, Jie Ren, Richard Cronn, David L. Erickson, Brook G. Milligan, Meaghan Parker-Forney, John L. Spouge, and Fengzhu Sun

Subjects
Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Background The application of genomic data and bioinformatics for the identification of restricted or illegally-sourced natural products is urgently needed. The taxonomic identity and geographic provenance of raw and processed materials have implications in sustainable-use commercial practices, and relevance to the enforcement of laws that regulate or restrict illegally harvested materials, such as timber. Improvements in genomics make it possible to capture and sequence partial-to-complete genomes from challenging tissues, such as wood and wood products. Results In this paper, we report the success of an alignment-free genome comparison method, d2∗, $$ {d}_2^{\ast }, $$ that differentiates different geographic sources of white oak (Quercus) species with a high level of accuracy with very small amount of genomic data. The method is robust to sequencing errors, different sequencing laboratories and sequencing platforms. Conclusions This method offers an approach based on genome-scale data, rather than panels of pre-selected markers for specific taxa. The method provides a generalizable platform for the identification and sourcing of materials using a unified next generation sequencing and analysis framework.

Published
2018
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9. Home OCT Imaging for Newly Diagnosed Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Author

Blinder, Kevin J., primary, Calhoun, Claire, additional, Maguire, Maureen G., additional, Glassman, Adam R., additional, Mein, Calvin E., additional, Baskin, Darrell E., additional, Vieyra, Gabriela, additional, Jampol, Lee M., additional, Chica, Moises A., additional, Sun, Jennifer K., additional, Martin, Daniel F., additional, Beck, Roy W., additional, Baptista, Alyssa, additional, Beaulieu, Wesley T., additional, Calhoun, Claire T., additional, Constantine, Sharon R., additional, Dale, Brian B., additional, Dupre, Simone S., additional, Franklin, Crystal A., additional, Galusic, Sandra, additional, Huggins, Meagan, additional, Hunter, Brenda L., additional, Johnson, Paula A., additional, Josic, Kristin, additional, Kelly, Brittany, additional, Liu, Danni, additional, Meadows, Britney, additional, Melia, Michele, additional, Preston, Carin M., additional, Stockdale, Cynthia R., additional, Zokruah, Alice, additional, Bhargava, Sangeeta, additional, Barkmeier, Andrew J., additional, Baskin, Darrell, additional, Blodi, Barbra, additional, Chew, Emily, additional, Ferris, Frederick L., additional, Jaffe, Glenn J., additional, Jhaveri, Chirag D., additional, MacCumber, Mathew, additional, Maturi, Raj K., additional, Solomon, Sharon D., additional, Antoszyk, Andrew N., additional, Lujan, Brandon, additional, Slahi-Had, Hani, additional, Lane, Richard Gary, additional, Adams, Lydia, additional, Rivera, Rachel R., additional, Nakoski, Brenda, additional, Weeks, Rhonda F., additional, Braverman, Allan L., additional, McDonald-Mueller, Lauren, additional, Stuart, Maria A., additional, Pulliam, Brook G., additional, Boyd, Lynda K., additional, Wehmeier, Jarrod, additional, Schremp, Steve A., additional, Googe, Joseph M., additional, Oliver, Kristina, additional, Walsh, Justin, additional, Asher, Julie, additional, Milstead, Katie, additional, Wheeler, Jeff, additional, and Griffone, Hodge A., additional

Published
2023
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17. Author Correction: Evolutionary history of plant hosts and fungal symbionts predicts the strength of mycorrhizal mutualism

Author

Hoeksema, Jason D., Bever, James D., Chakraborty, Sounak, Chaudhary, V. Bala, Gardes, Monique, Gehring, Catherine A., Hart, Miranda M., Housworth, Elizabeth Ann, Kaonongbua, Wittaya, Klironomos, John N., Lajeunesse, Marc J., Meadow, James, Milligan, Brook G., Piculell, Bridget J., Pringle, Anne, Rúa, Megan A., Umbanhowar, James, Viechtbauer, Wolfgang, Wang, Yen-Wen, Wilson, Gail W. T., and Zee, Peter C.

Published
2018
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18. Evolutionary history of plant hosts and fungal symbionts predicts the strength of mycorrhizal mutualism

Author

Hoeksema, Jason D., Bever, James D., Chakraborty, Sounak, Chaudhary, V. Bala, Gardes, Monique, Gehring, Catherine A., Hart, Miranda M., Housworth, Elizabeth Ann, Kaonongbua, Wittaya, Klironomos, John N., Lajeunesse, Marc J., Meadow, James, Milligan, Brook G., Piculell, Bridget J., Pringle, Anne, Rúa, Megan A., Umbanhowar, James, Viechtbauer, Wolfgang, Wang, Yen-Wen, Wilson, Gail W. T., and Zee, Peter C.

Published
2018
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19. Peripheres Nervensystem: Neuro-Tissue Engineering mit einem mikrostrukturierten Kollagenträger als bioartifizielle Nervenleitschiene

Author

Bozkurt, A., Brook, G. A., Heschel, I., Lassner, F., Möllers, S., Olde Damink, L., Schügner, F., Deumens, R., O’Dey, D. M., Tolba, R., Sellhaus, B., Weis, J., Pallua, N., Buhr, H. J., editor, Hölscher, A., editor, Izbicki, J. R., editor, Jauch, K. W., editor, Post, S., editor, Allgayer, H., editor, Bartsch, D. K., editor, Fries, H., editor, Ghadimi, B. M., editor, Habermann, J. K., editor, Kalthoff, H., editor, Schackert, H. K., editor, Bruns, C. J., editor, Duda, D. N., editor, Fändrich, F., editor, Heberer, M., editor, Nüssler, A. K., editor, Stark, G. B., editor, Brückner, U. B., editor, Ertel, W., editor, Faist, E., editor, Heidecke, C. D., editor, Kalff, J. C., editor, Menger, M. D., editor, Schade, U. F., editor, Vollmar, B., editor, Bechstein, W. O., editor, Klar, E., editor, Klempnauer, J., editor, Minor, T., editor, Neuhaus, P., editor, Schmidt, J., editor, Langer, S., editor, Laschke, M. W., editor, Machens, H. G., editor, Steinau, H. U., editor, Südkamp, N., editor, Vogt, P., editor, Berger, D., editor, Klinge, U., editor, Schachtrupp, A., editor, Schilling, M. K., editor, Schumpelick, V., editor, Altendorf-Hofmann, A., editor, Bollschweiler, E., editor, Bruch, H. -P., editor, Lehnert, T., editor, Lorenz, W., editor, Neugebauer, E., editor, Ohmann, C., editor, Seiler, C. M., editor, Becker, H., editor, Betzler, M., editor, Bittner, R., editor, Broelsch, C., editor, Büchler, M. W., editor, Bumm, R., editor, Dralle, H., editor, Friess, H., editor, Frilling, A., editor, Germer, C. T., editor, Hopt, U., editor, Jonas, S., editor, Jost, J., editor, Markus, B., editor, Raab, H. R., editor, Reith, H. B., editor, Schlag, P. M., editor, Teichmann, W., editor, Uhl, W., editor, Wenisch, H., editor, and Zornig, C., editor

Published
2009
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24. Discussion

Author

Polmear, I. J., Brook, G. B., Hondros, E. D., Wyatt, L. M., Hunsicker, H. Y., Partridge, P. G., Cooper, G., Imrie, W. M., Tyrer, H., Morton, P. H., Nicholson, R. B., Duckworth, W. E., Miles, D. E., Restall, J. E., Holmes, D. R., Stubbington, C. A., and Skerrey, E. W.

Published
1976

31. Invasive plant benefits a native plant through plant-soil feedback but remains the superior competitor

Author

Erik A. Lehnhoff, Brook G. Milligan, and Sherri L. Buerdsell

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Plant–soil feedback, plant competition, Ecology, QH301-705.5, Ecological Modeling, Plant Science, Aquatic Science, Native plant, soil microbiota, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Below-ground interactions, Invasive species, invasion ecology, Agronomy, Insect Science, black grama, Environmental science, Animal Science and Zoology, Lehmann lovegrass, Biology (General), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 010606 plant biology & botany, plant invasion
Abstract

Plant soil feedback (PSF) occurs when a plant modifies soil biotic properties and those changes in turn influence plant growth, survival or reproduction. These feedback effects are not well understood as mechanisms for invasive plant species. Eragrostis lehmanniana is an invasive species that has extensively colonized the southwest US. To address how PSFs may affect E. lehmanniana invasion and native Bouteloua gracilis growth, soil inoculant from four sites of known invasion age at the Appleton-Whittell Audubon Research Ranch in Sonoita, AZ were used in a PSF greenhouse study, incorporating a replacement series design. The purpose of this research was to evaluate PSF conspecific and heterospecific effects and competition outcomes between the invasive E. lehmanniana and a native forage grass, Bouteloua gracilis. Eragrostis lehmannianaPSFs were beneficial to B. gracilis if developed in previously invaded soil. Plant-soil feedback contributed to competitive suppression of B. gracilis only in the highest ratio of E. lehmanniana to B. gracilis. Plant-soil feedback did not provide an advantage to E. lehmanniana in competitive interactions with B. gracilis at low competition levels but were advantageous to E. lehmanniana at the highest competition ratio, indicating a possible density-dependent effect. Despite being beneficial to B. gracilis under many conditions, E. lehmanniana was the superior competitor.

Published
2021

33. Biomass Allocation, Plantlet Survival, and Chemical Control of the Invasive Chandelier Plant (Kalanchoe delagoensis) (Crassulaceae)

Author

Jordan Golubov, Azalea Guerra-García, María C. Mandujano, Abraham Cruz, Diego Barrales-Alcalá, Magda Argueta-Guzmán, Jose A. Arévalo-Ramírez, and Brook G. Milligan

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Biomass (ecology), 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Plant Science, Biology, Kalanchoe, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Invasive species, Sexual reproduction, Crassulaceae, Plantlet, Horticulture, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Glyphosate, Shoot
Abstract

Alien invasive species have strategies that can maintain fitness in a variety of environments. This flexibility is associated with environmental tolerance in several traits, such as allocation of resources to shoots versus roots, clonal versus sexual reproduction, and survival of seedlings. These traits were explored in the chandelier plant (Kalanchoe delagoensis Eckl. & Zeyh.), which has invasive populations in several countries. Light and water tolerance and herbicide treatments were tested on plantlet survival. Plantlet survival in the most extreme cases (full sunlight and no watering) was close to 30%, whereas in less severe conditions (water and shaded), it was close to 100%. Stress conditions triggered the onset of plantlet production from the margin of leaves, which increased clonality. Biomass was allocated primarily to aboveground structures. Although all herbicides resulted in high plantlet mortality (>85%), only 2,4-D and glyphosate+2,4-D amine achieved the maximum recorded mortality a few days after the chemical application. The high tolerance of K. delagoensis plantlets to varying conditions shows that under stress, plantlet production is enhanced as survival of established individuals decreases. Biomass is primarily aboveground, which can potentially alter nitrogen and carbon in poor arid environments, and the proportion of the biomass assigned to belowground roots increased with an increase in sunlight received. Even though the chemical treatments 2,4-D and glyphosate+2,4-D amine have been shown to be the only effective treatments, the 2,4-D treatment may be the most viable (cost+quantity) to reduce the propagation of K. delagoensis. Plantlets have become the main reason for population persistence, partially due to the plant’s environmental tolerance and ability to reproduce asexually in short time periods. Susceptibility of plantlets to the two herbicides presents a means to adequately manage invasions of K. delagoensis in Mexico.

Published
2018
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37. Maximum-likelihood estimation of relatedness

Author

Milligan, Brook G.

Subjects
Domestic relations -- Models, Domestic relations -- Genetic aspects, Domestic relations -- Statistics, Biological sciences
Abstract

Relatedness between individuals is central to many studies in genetics and population biology. A variety of estimators have been developed to enable molecular marker data to quantify relatedness. Despite this, no effort has been given to characterize the traditional maximum-likelihood estimator in relation to the remainder. This article quantifies its statistical performance under a range of biologically relevant sampling conditions. Under the same range of conditions, the statistical performance of five other commonly used estimators of relatedness is quantified. Comparison among these estimators indicates that the traditional maximum-likelihood estimator exhibits a lower standard error under essentially all conditions. Only for very large amounts of genetic information do most of the other estimators approach the likelihood estimator. However, the likelihood estimator is more biased than any of the others, especially when the amount of genetic information is low or the actual relationship being estimated is near the boundary of the parameter space. Even under these conditions, the amount of bias can be greatly reduced, potentially to biologically irrelevant levels, with suitable genetic sampling. Additionally, the likelihood estimator generally exhibits the lowest root mean-square error, an indication that the bias in fact is quite small. Alternative estimators restricted to yield only biologically interpretable estimates exhibit lower standard errors and greater bias than do unrestricted ones, but generally do not improve over the maximum-likelihood estimator and in some cases exhibit even greater bias. Although some nonlikelihood estimators exhibit better performance with respect to specific metrics under some conditions, none approach the high level of performance exhibited by the likelihood estimator across all conditions and all metrics of performance.

Published
2003

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