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Study aim: This systematic review drew the significant findings of carefully selected interventions to promote the social and moral competence (SC and MC, respectively) of children and adolescents mostly by investigating the effect of these interventions and focusing on strategies used.

The interest in the relationship between physical fitness and academic performance is still considerable. However, more ad­vanced research is required to better understand this relationship. Therefore, the purpose of the current review is to describe the state of knowledge of the relationship between physical fitness and academic performance. Furthermore, this relationship is explored with reference to five components of physical fitness, asking which ones have the most beneficial effect on maintain­ing and improving learning outcomes. In this review, we emphasize studies that advance the understanding of this issue, which is still incomplete. These studies offer hope of deeper understanding of the type of selected physical fitness components and their impact on academic performance. Further research into the association between components of physical fitness such as flexibility, strength and endurance of muscles and academic performance in children, while controlling for important covari­ates, is needed.

Study aim: Both adequate time and quality time are important for the wellbeing of a family. The study evaluated the effective­ness of a 15-week family-based physical activity (PA) intervention entitled “Junior for Seniors”. It included both children and parents. The paper focuses on an important topic - family-based leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). It is set in Polish primary schools, which is a novel approach. Regular physical activity for young people and their parents improves health and fitness including strength and endurance, promotes development of healthy bones and muscles, helps control weight and in­creases self-esteem.

Study aim: To assess the effects of an eight-week pedometer-based walking intervention, using different strategies of goalsetting, on self-efficacy, physical activity enjoyment, and body image.

Study aim: the purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential of traditional games as a method of increasing the physical activity (PA) of women following mastectomy. A cross-sectional survey during the 20th ONCO Games was conducted and the sample included data from women divided into two groups: up to 50 years old (n = 26) and over 50 years old (n = 86).

Study aim: the aim of this study was to assess the step counts of children and adolescents with different BMIs and to present the results in relation to the step count recommendation.

Introduction. Physical education teachers should promote physical activity that is beneficial to health. It is assumed that physical education students as future physical education teachers will have a high level of physical activity. Aim of Study. The aim of this study was to compare the level of physical activity (PA) in physical education (PE) students from different countries (Czech Republic, Germany, the Netherlands, and Poland) using the unified questionnaire (an IPAQ-based questionnaire with questions adapted for this purpose). Material and Methods. The study included a random selection of female and male (f = 131, m = 214) university students majoring in physical education. To measure the PA rate, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire -- Long Form (IPAQ-LF) was used. Differences between the groups were tested with ANOVA. Significance was denoted by p < 0.05. Results. Comparison of intense PA rates shows that the highest results were recorded for men and women studying in the Czech Republic, while the lowest ones were for students from Poland and Germany. Considering the results it was noted that male students have higher PA rates than women. Only female students from Germany had a higher result than their fellow male students from Germany. Analysis of differences in moderate PA undertaken by students showed the highest activity level for both women and men studying in the Netherlands. Conclusions. We observed that nearly all female participants, except for the students from Germany, had a lower level of intense PA than male participants. Identification of the reasons for differences in PA intensity between the sexes might help eliminate the barriers and increase the level of PA in all countries. We observed that social support may have indirectly predicted the PA of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sought to determine differences in fencers’ visual perceptions during duels (preparatory actions) with right- versus left-handed opponents. Participants were 12 top-ranking right-handed female foil fencers (aged 16–30 years, M = 20.86, SD = 4.76) taking part in a training camp. Testing employed SensoMotoric Instruments Eye Tracking Glasses (SMI ETG 2.0) with eye-tracking analyses covering the visual attention time devoted to various areas of the opposing fencer’s body (areas of interest), average fixation, number of glances, and number of fixations during preparatory actions in duels. Each test was conducted during preparatory actions in 20-second staged duels, first against a right-handed, and then against a left-handed opponent. Against left-handed (vs. right-handed) opponents, fencers spent significantly more time looking at and significantly more often fixated on the armed hand. When fighting against right-handed (vs. left-handed) opponents, fencers devoted more time and fixated more often on the opponent’s upper torso. These results may point to an interesting phenomenon in which left-handed fencers benefit from weaker strategies adopted by their right-handed opponents who may fixate on the forearm and arm of the weapon hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Rozprawy Naukowe is the property of Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. Practical PE teacher training during school placements is an important part of the process of education of physical education students and have a large impact on their preparation for the profession and the quality of teacher's work. The quality of students' practical teacher training is reflected in the standard of PE classes run at school and children's participation in these classes. Therefore, many studies deal with this topic. There are also projects which aim to improve the organization of students' teacher training in physical education. This paper presents the main weaknesses and challenges of practical school placement systems and a variety of solutions already implemented in Poland and other countries in Europe and the United States. Material and methods. In this article the computer-based literature search was conducted in the following databases: EBSCOHost, PubMed, Science Direct, ScienceDirect On Line. Also manual search of all available issues of pertinent journals was carried out. Results. The findings suggest that there is too little involvement of university teachers in the practical school placements. Conclusions. There is the need to improve cooperation between university teachers and the physical education teachers during physical education teacher training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]