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BACKGROUND: Multilevel approaches involving environmental strategies are considered to be good practice to help reduce the prevalence of childhood overweight. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of VIASANO, a community-based programme using the EPODE methodology, on the prevalence of overweight in two pilot towns in Belgium. METHODS: We analysed data from a national school health monitoring system to compare changes in the prevalence of overweight and obesity over a 3-year period (2007-2010) in children aged 3-4 and 5-6 years in the pilot towns with those of children of the same ages from the whole French-speaking community of Belgium. Heights and weights of all participants were measured by trained school nurses using a standardized method. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight (-2.1%) and overweight + obesity (-2.4%) decreased in the pilot towns, but remained stable in the comparison population (+0.1% and +0.2%, respectively). After adjustment for lack of homogeneity between the study populations, there was a trend towards a decrease in overweight (P = 0.054) and overweight + obesity (P = 0.058) in the pilot towns compared with the general population. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a community-based programme, such as VIASANO, may be a promising strategy for reducing the prevalence of childhood overweight even over a short period of time.

La dépense énergétique produite lors d’un rapport sexuel est faible, équivalente à un effort modéré tel que marche rapide ou montée de deux volées d’escaliers (3-5 METS). Le risque d’un incident cardiovasculaire lié à l’activité sexuelle est donc faible, moyennant certaines précautions chez des patients cardiaques. La reprise des relations sexuelles est autorisée dès la première semaine après un infarctus du myocarde, après 6-8 semaines chez les cardiaques opérés. Le problème devrait être évoqué lors de toute consultation médicale et les conseils du praticien doivent s’appuyer sur les recommandations officielles en la matière.

Background: Multilevel approaches involving environmental strategies are considered to be good practice to help reduce the prevalence of childhood overweight. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of VIASANO, a community-based programme using the EPODE methodology, on the prevalence of overweight in two pilot towns in Belgium. Methods: We analysed data from a national school health monitoring system to compare changes in the prevalence of overweight and obesity over a 3-year period (2007-2010) in children aged 3-4 and 5-6 years in the pilot towns with those of children of the same ages from the whole French-speaking community of Belgium. Heights and weights of all participants were measured by trained school nurses using a standardized method. Results: The prevalence of overweight (-2.1%) and overweight + obesity (-2.4%) decreased in the pilot towns, but remained stable in the comparison population (+0.1% and +0.2%, respectively). After adjustment for lack of homogeneity between the study populations, there was a trend towards a decrease in overweight (P = 0.054) and overweight + obesity (P = 0.058) in the pilot towns compared with the general population. Conclusions: These results suggest that a community-based programme, such as VIASANO, may be a promising strategy for reducing the prevalence of childhood overweight even over a short period of time., SCOPUS: ar.j, FLWOA, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Objective Biofeedback is a self-regulation therapy by which the patient learns how to optimize the functioning of his autonomic nervous system. It has been applied to patients with various cardiovascular disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the practical feasibility and the psycho-physiological effects of biofeedback applied to heart rate variability (HRV biofeedback) in order to increase cardiac coherence in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients participating in a cardiac rehabilitation programme. Methods and results In this randomised and controlled study, 31 CAD patients were randomly assigned to an experimental or to a control group. The experimental group participated in a programme of 10 sessions of cardiac coherence biofeedback training, in addition to the rehabilitation programme. The control group participated in the usual cardiac rehabilitation programme only. Physiological variables (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, SDNN) and psychosocial variables (anxiety, depression, type D personality) were measured at the start and at the end of the programme in both groups. Statistical comparisons assessed the inter and intra group differences. The small sample size precludes any firm conclusions concerning the effect of cardiac coherence biofeedback on physiological or psychological variables. However, we observed a signifi cant increase of the percentage of cardiac coherence, in relation with an increased SDNN index. Conclusions Our study demonstrated the practical feasibility of cardiac coherence biofeedback training in CAD patients. Further research is desirable to investigate the potential benefi t of cardiac coherence biofeedback as an adjunct to stress management in cardiac rehabilitation.

The HOPE and EUROPA clinical studies have shown that treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, ramipril and perindopril, may reduce the occurrence of major cardiovascular events in patients with proven atherosclerotic disease. The recently published results of the PRoFESS and TRANSCEND trials completed the much needed information concerning the use of an angiotensin receptor blocker for patients at high risk of cardiovascular events. PRoFESS compared a therapy of telmisartan 80 mg daily with placebo in patients with a recent ischemic stroke. The difference in the primary outcome of first recurrent stroke was not statistically significant between telmisartan and placebo. The secondary outcome of major cardiovascular events showed a relative risk reduction (RRR) of 7% in favour of telmisartan. This tended to be significant (p = 0.06) despite a rather short follow-up period of only 28 months. In TRANSCEND 5,926 patients at high risk for cardiovascular events were randomized to a treatment with telmisartan 80 mg daily or placebo for a mean duration of follow-up of 56 months. The primary composite outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke or hospitalization for heart failure showed a non-significant 8% RRR in favour of the telmisartan treated patients. The main secondary outcome of cardiovascular death and myocardial infarction or stroke as used in the HOPE trial showed a non-significant RRR of 13% in favour of telmisartan treated patients (p = 0,068 adjusted for multiplicity of comparisons). In comparing the Kaplan-Meier curves for the endpoint of major cardiovascular events used in HOPE, EUROPA, TRANSCEND and PRoFESS, the trends are similar. Results of most of the recently published trials have been neutral. This could partly be explained by major improvements in the optimal background therapy of the patients included. Nevertheless, the results of PRoFESS and TRANSCEND do not contradict the results from previous studies wit

The HOPE and EUROPA clinical studies have shown that treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, ramipril and perindopril, may reduce the occurrence of major cardiovascular events in patients with proven atherosclerotic disease. The recently published results of the PRoFESS and TRANSCEND trials completed the much needed information concerning the use of an angiotensin receptor blocker for patients at high risk of cardiovascular events. PRoFESS compared a therapy of telmisartan 80 mg daily with placebo in patients with a recent ischemic stroke. The difference in the primary outcome of first recurrent stroke was not statistically significant between telmisartan and placebo. The secondary outcome of major cardiovascular events showed a relative risk reduction (RRR) of 7% in favour of telmisartan. This tended to be significant (p= 0.06) despite a rather short follow-up period of only 28 months. In TRANSCEND 5,926 patients at high risk for cardiovascular events were randomized to a treatment with telmisartan 80 mg daily or placebo for a mean duration of follow-up of 56 months. The primary composite outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke or hospitalization for heart failure showed a non-significant 8% RRR in favour of the telmisartan treated patients. The main secondary outcome of cardiovascular death and myocardial infarction or stroke as used in the HOPE trial showed a non-significant RRR of 13% in favour of telmisartan treated patients (p= 0,068 adjusted for multiplicity of comparisons). In comparing the Kaplan-Meier curves for the endpoint of major cardiovascular events used in HOPE, EUROPA, TRANSCEND and PRoFESS, the trends are similar. Results of most of the recently published trials have been neutral. This could partly be explained by major improvements in the optimal background therapy of the patients included. Nevertheless, the results of PRoFESS and TRANSCEND do not contradict the results from previous studies with, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The recently published results of the ONTARGET trial shed a new light on the cardiovascular protection of patients at high risk of a cardiovascular event. Despite a number of trials looking at the efficacy of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) in the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with specific high risk profiles, the question of the equivalence of ACEis and ARBs remained unanswered. The ONTARGET trial has shown that telmisartan 80 mg administered for a median duration of 4.5 years to patients at high risk of developing a major cardiovascular event, is equally effective to ramipril 10 mg. In addition, telmisartan was slightly better tolerated. The comparator ramipril has been chosen as it is currently the gold standard ACEi since the results of the HOPE study, in terms of the composite outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction and stroke. Moreover, ONTARGET is the first trial to test the hypothesis of superiority of adding an ARB (telmisartan 80 mg) to an ACEi (ramipril 10 mg) over the ACEi ramipril monotherapy in cardiovascular protection of the same broad range of high-risk patients. Surprisingly, despite a more pronounced blood pressure lowering, the combination of the two agents did not lead to an additional decrease in the number of events, but had significantly more side-effects compared to ramipril monotherapy. ONTARGET is a landmark study, performed according to the highest statistical and clinical standards, providing compelling evidence and clear answers to two important clinical questions., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

This review is essentially a summary of the 2007 version of the European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice recently published by the 4(th) Joint Task Force. New data from the guidelines in the fields of the general objectives in lifestyle modifications and drug therapies are emphasised. Recent studies on antioxydant vitamins, homocysteine-towering vitamins and HDL-Cholesterol raising drugs are also being discussed.

Le thème central de ce travail a consisté en l’étude et la mise en évidence des interactions existant entre le métaboréflexe et le chémoréflexe lors de l’exercice.L’effort physique est associé à une augmentation de la ventilation, de la fréquence cardiaque ainsi que de la pression artérielle. Ces effets sont médiés au moins en partie par l’activation du métaboréflexe musculaire, et peuvent être amplifiés par le chémoréflexe ventilatoire. Le métaboréflexe et le chémoréflexe impliquent nécessairement une activation du système nerveux orthosympathique. La fonction du métaboréflexe est d’optimaliser le transport d’oxygène à destination des muscles participant à l’exercice, ce qui s’accompagne d’une vasoconstriction dans les autres territoires vasculaires. La fonction du chémoréflexe est de maintenir la capnie et d’apporter une correction ventilatoire à l’acidose métabolique et éventuellement à l’hypoxémie survenant au cours d’efforts effectués en résistance. Une sollicitation excessive du métaboréflexe et du chémoréflexe peut limiter l’aptitude à l’effort en amplifiant les sensations de dyspnée (augmentation des équivalents ventilatoires) et en limitant le transport d’oxygène (augmentation de la pression artérielle limitant le débit cardiaque). L’étude des adaptations cardiovasculaires et ventilatoires ainsi celles du système nerveux sympathique en réponse à un exercice réalisé en hypoxie peut se révéler intéressante à plusieurs niveaux.Une telle étude devrait permettre de mieux comprendre la limitation de l’aptitude à l’effort des sujets sains en altitude. En effet, depuis plusieurs décennies, l'entraînement en altitude est fréquemment utilisé par les athlètes d'endurance. Cette méthode de préparation physique, qui consiste à séjourner et s'entraîner plusieurs semaines à moyenne altitude (2000-2800m), vise à améliorer temporairement la performance aérobie lors du retour au niveau de la mer. Cette étude pourrait également présenter un intérêt pour les tra, Doctorat en Sciences de la motricité, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

We report the case of a patient who developed, a few days after a closed head injury, marked electrocardiographic changes mimicking an acute coronary event, in the absence of actual cardiac damage. The electrocardiographic changes were fully reversible, paralleling the neurologic status. Neuroimaging examinations excluded subarachnoid hemorrhage or space-occupying hematoma, but demonstrated diffuse axonal injury using susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance techniques. This kind of traumatic brain injury thus may be responsible for a pseudo-acute myocardial ischemic syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the addition of ezetimibe or placebo to on-going simvastatin treatment on attaining the LDL-C treatment target of 2.60 mmol/L and 100 mg/dL and

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Patients with chronic pain are generally thought to be physically unfit and less active. Hence, physical reconditioning programs are traditionally proposed to such patients as part of their comprehensive rehabilitation program. Traditional physical fitness evaluation is often implemented in patients with low-back pain. However, most methods have not been validated in that context. We recall and discuss earliest findings in the field of physical fitness tests in patients with low-back pain. Maximal physical tests can be reliable when testing conditions are well defined, standardized and controlled. Reliability, however, does not imply validity. Maximal physical tests as applied to patients with pain should indeed be considered as multidimensional since performance to such tests is often limited by psychological factors as fear-avoidance. Hence, maximal physical tests do not allow valid evaluation of physical fitness in most patients with pain. To obtain valid unidimensional fitness assessment in such patients, submaximal testing should be preferred, which is only possible for cardiorespiratory endurance and body composition assessment. We present our personal contribution to the field. Most of this contribution can be found in 7 previously published papers that are included in our manuscript: • Nielens, H. and L. Plaghki. Evaluation of physical adaptation to exercise of chronic pain patients by a step-test procedure. The Pain Clinic. 1:21-28, 1991 • Nielens, H. and L. Plaghki. Perception of pain and exertion during exercise on a cycle ergometer in chronic pain patients. Clin J Pain. 10:204-209, 1994 • Nielens, H., V. Boisset, and E. Masquelier. Fitness and perceived exertion in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Clin J Pain. 16:209-213, 2000 • Nielens, H., T. M. Lejeune, A. Lalaoui, J. P. Squifflet, Y. Pirson, and E. Goffin. Increase of physical activity level after successful renal transplantation: a 5 year follow-up study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 16:134-140, 200, (SBIM 3) -- UCL, 2003

In Belgium, regulations restrict the reimbursement of statins to patients with total serum cholesterol above 250 mg/dl (6.41 mmol/l) after a three-month lipid-lowering diet. We investigated the possible impact of these regulations on characteristics of Belgian patients receiving a lipid-lowering drug., Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

BACKGROUND: The QT intervals accuracy for predicting arrhythmic death varies between studies, possibly due to differences in the selection of the lead used for measurement of the QT interval. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prognostic accuracy of all known ways to select the lead. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three institutions that used different methods for measuring QT intervals provided their QT databases. They included more than 3500 twelve-lead surface ECGs. The data represented low- and high-risk patients of the normal population (survivors vs dead from cardiovascular causes), acute myocardial infarction (survivors versus death from all causes) and remote myocardial infarction (with vs without a history of ventricular arrhythmia). The prognostic accuracy was defined as the area under the Receiver Operator Curve (ROC-area). The most accurate standard leads were I and aVL and the least accurate was AVR. The most accurate precordial lead was V4. The prognostic accuracy of the longest QT interval was higher than for any standard lead. The prognostic accuracy of the mean of the three longest QT intervals was equal to or slightly lower than for the longest QT interval. CONCLUSIONS: The highest prognostic accuracy is obtained with the longest QT interval. The accuracies of the lead selection methods are so different that it can explain a substantial part of the differences between otherwise similar studies in the literature. We recommend the use of the mean value of the three longest QT intervals.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) has been associated with various cardiac disorders and several electrocardiographic abnormalities, the most prominent being sudden death and prolonged QT duration and dispersion. We report 2 cases of AN with marked repolarization abnormalities, the first clearly related to electrolyte imbalance, the second without a good explanation from metabolic, electrolytic or pharmacological sources. A retrospective analysis of 47 other consecutive patients with AN showed that sinus bradycardia was the most common ECG finding, but that QT or QTc interval prolongation was not a typical feature, being present in only 1 patient. The sole variable slightly correlated with QTc duration was the serum potassium concentration. Consequently, marked repolarization changes (QT interval and/or T wave morphology) in AN should not be taken as a feature of the disease, but should call for the search of potential causes such as metabolic and electrolytic disturbances, drug effects, or a possible genetic component.

Objective - LIPI-GOAL is a multicentre, open-label, non-comparative treat-to-target study, conducted from March 1998 to May 1999, that assessed the percentage of patients reaching 1992 European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets with atorvastatin 10-80 mg/day in subjects with hypercholesterolaemia, defined as LDL-C > 160 mg/dl after a 12-week step I diet. Methods and results - Patients were treated towards the following LDL-C goals: < 135 mg/dl in patients with atherosclerotic disease present and/or coronary heart disease (CHD) risk > 40%/10 years, or LDL-C < 155 mg/dl in all others. All subjects started treatment with atorvastatin IO mg/day for 6 weeks. The dose was doubled every 6 weeks, to 20, 40, or 80 mg/day at weeks 12, 18, and 24, respectively, if targets were not reached. Of 587 patients screened for participation, 473 were enrolled and 419 (59% male; mean age 61 years) were available for efficacy evaluation. Fifty-five percent had atherosclerotic disease and/or CHD risk > 40%/10 years. Dose titration was not needed in 303 patients (72%) who reached LDL-C target with atorvastatin IO mg/day. Among 116 patients who were subsequently treated with higher atorvastatin dosages, 47 reached LDL-C target with 20 mg/day, 15 with 40 mg/day, and 6 with 80 mg/day. Therefore, 88.5% of subjects reached LDL-C goal in an intention-to-treat analysis. In general, atorvastatin was well tolerated. Conclusions - Most patients at high risk for CHD reached LDL-C goals with atorvastatin 10-80 mg/day. Seventy-two % of patients reached target with atorvastatin 10 mg/day, which may simplify clinical management and should encourage better adherence to recommendations.

This a position paper of the Working Group on Electrocardiology, Exercise Testing and Cardiac rehabilitation of the Belgian Society of Cardiology (BSC), aimed at reassessing the value for the clinical practice of cardiology of some electrocardiological techniques such as vectorcardiography and Holter monitoring in the frame of what has been called "quantitative electrocardiology". This official statement issued on behalf of the BSC was deemed necessary because of several consecutive attempts to discredit the clinical merits of these electrocardiological techniques currently in use in our country. This paper will also reassess the role of quantitative electrocardiology amidst non-invasive diagnostic methods used for cardiac imaging.

SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

OBJECTIVE: Increased dispersion of ventricular repolarization has been shown to be a marker for increased risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in various cardiac disorders. The present study is aimed at comparing the values of four dispersion indices in four clinical groups: normal subjects (n = 23), patients with intraventricular conduction defects (QRS > 0.12 s) without underlying cardiac disease (n = 30), patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 36), and patients with both dilated cardiomyopathy and ventricular conduction defects (n = 18). METHODS: On an averaged cycle from a 10 s record of 15 simultaneous leads (12-lead ECG and XYZ leads), and after interactive editing, four intervals were computed: JTapex, JTend, QTapex and QTend. For each interval, the dispersion is defined as the difference between the maximal and minimal values across the 15 leads. RESULTS: The mean values of all four dispersion indices were significantly smaller in the normal group than in the three other groups (P < 0.001). Among patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, those with intraventricular conduction defects had significantly higher dispersion values than those without, even disregarding the QRS duration (P < 0.01). Thus, patients with both dilated cardiomyopathy and ventricular conduction defects have larger dispersion values than patients with ventricular conduction defects alone (P < 0.01) and than those with dilated cardiomyopathy without intraventricular conduction defects. CONCLUSION: Dispersion of ventricular repolarization is increased in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, especially in those with ventricular conduction defects, suggesting that they are at higher risk of arrhythmic events.

Objective-To examine whether, in coronary patients after myocardial infarction, the dispersion of ventricular repolarisation measured through QT and JT intervals from a surface electrocardiogram could allow separation of those with ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT) complicating their myocardial infarct from those without. Design-A retrospective comparative study. Setting-University hospital. Patients-39 patients with myocardial infarction complicated by VT, 300 patients after myocardial infarction without arrhythmic events, and 1000 normal subjects. The myocardial infarction groups were divided into anterior, inferior, and mixed locations. Interventions-A computer algorithm examined an averaged cycle from a 10 second record of 15 simultaneous leads (12 lead ECG + Frank XYZ leads). After interactive editing, four intervals were computed: QTapex, JTapex, QTend, and JTend. For each interval, the dispersion was defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values across the 15 leads. Results-The mean values of all four dispersion indices were higher in patients with myocardial infarction than in normal subjects (p < 0.01). In the infarct groups, patients with VT had significantly greater mean and centile dispersion values than those without VT. For instance, the 97.5th centile value of QTend was 65 ms in normal individuals, 90 ms in infarct patients without arrhythmia, and 128 ms in those with VT; 70% of the infarct patients who developed serious ventricular arrhythmias had values exceeding the 97.5th centile of the normal group, while only 18% of the infarct patients without arrhythmia had dispersion values above this normal upper limit. Among the infarct patients, nearly half of those (18 of 39) with tachyarrhythmias had dispersion values that exceeded the 97.5th centile of those without arrhythmia. Conclusions-Dispersion of ventricular repolarisation may be a good non-invasive tool for discriminating coronary patients susceptible to VT from those who are

After a century of use, the electrocardiogram (ECG) remains a standard non-invasive technique for the clinical diagnosis of cardiac abnormalities. The ECG provides considerable information about the anatomy and the physiology of the heart. In the field of rhythm and intra-cardiac conduction analysis, it is without equal. Additional information can even be obtained when computer processing is applied to the ECG signal, for instance in the search of arrhythmic markers such as late potentials from high resolution ECG and heart rate variability from 24-hour holter recording or in clinical diagnosis (Robert et al, 1985; Brochet et al, 1979 and 1990). ECG analysis has thus been proposed to evaluate the arrhythogenic risk in various cardiovascular disorders. It is well established that some characteristics of ventricular disorders. It is well established that some characteristics if ventricular repolarization play an important role in arrhythmogenesis (Merx et al, 1977; Schartz et al, 1978; Mirvis et al, 1985). In the assessment of ventricular repolarization, prolongation of the QT interval duration is known to contribute to some arrhythmia triggering (Schwartz et al, 1985; Surawicz et al, 1987). Recently, the variability of repolarization duration has emerged as a new marker of the vulnerability of developing ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Several experimental studies have demonstrated that non-uniform recovery of excitability was an important factor in the triggering of ventricular arrhythmias (Han et al, 194 and 1966). The asynchrony of recovery of excitability with increased dispersion of refractory periods within the myocardium has been associated with a lowered ventricular fibrillation threshold (Han et al, 1966). The hypothesis that heterogeneous repolarization process plays an important role in the genesis of ventricular arrhythmias was further confirmed by other experimental investigations and some clinical studies using an invasive assessment of ventricu, Thèse de doctorat en sciences biomédicales (cardiologie) -- UCL, 1997

A new computer-assisted method for the quantitative assessment of the dispersion of ventricular repolarization (DVR) has been developed. Through interactive editing of an averaged QRS-T cycle from a 15-lead electrocardiographic (EGG) record (12-lead ECG + XYZ leads), five ECG indices of DVR are automatically computed: they represent the maximal interlead difference of QT and the intervals from the J point to the T wave end, from the J point to the T wave apex, and from the T wave apex to the T wave end. The standard limits of these indices were then established in six clinical groups, including normal subjects and patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, with myocardial infarction, and with intraventricular conduction defect, all subjects being without ventricular arrhythmias and without interacting drugs. The mean values and percentile ranges of all DVR indices were lower in the normal group than in all pathologic groups. The 97.5th percentiles of the QT end dispersion and the JT end dispersion were, respectively, 65 and 76 ms in normal subjects, 84 and 86 ms in patients with inferior MI; 89 and 100 ms in those with anterior MI; 90 and 98 ms in those with left ventricular hypertrophy; and 94 and 99 ms in those with intraventricular conduction defects. This suggests that increased DVR is associated with the varieties of heart disease represented in this study, even in the absence of ventricular arrhythmias, and also that individual measurements of DVR used as predictors of future arrhythmic events should be referred to the standard range of their own clinical group.

On an averaged QRS-T cycle from a 15-lead record (12-lead electrocardiogram + XYZ leads) and through interactive editing, four electrocardiographic indices of the dispersion of ventricular repolarization (DVR) are automatically computed and represent the maximal interlead difference of QT and JTend and QT and JTapex. The values of these indices were then examined in three clinical groups matched for age and sex: normal subjects (control), patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH group), and patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM group) without ventricular arrhythmias and without interacting drugs. The mean values of all four DVR indices were significantly increased in the HCM group compared with the control group and the LVH group of another origin (ie, for the QTe dispersion index, the mean values and the 97.5th percentiles were, respectively, 65 +/- 18 ms and 97 ms in the HCM group, 41 +/- 25 ms and 79 ms in the LVH group, and 31 +/- 15 ms and 58 ms in the control group). The maximal QT interval was also significantly longer in the HCM group (464 +/- 30 ms) than in the LVH group (436 +/- 32 ms) and the control group (428 +/- 25 ms).

On an averaged QRS-T cycle from a 15-lead record (12-lead electrocardiogram + XYZ leads) and through interactive editing, four electrocardiographic indices of the dispersion of ventricular repolarization (DVR) are automatically computed and represent the maximal interlead difference of QT and JTend and QT and JTapex. The values of these indices were then examined in three clinical groups matched for age and sex: normal subjects (control), patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH group), and patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM group) without ventricular arrhythmias and without interacting drugs. The mean values of all four DVR indices were significantly increased in the HCM group compared with the control group and the LVH group of another origin (ie, for the QTe dispersion index, the mean values and the 97.5th percentiles were, respectively, 65 +/- 18 ms and 97 ms in the HCM group, 41 +/- 25 ms and 79 ms in the LVH group, and 31 +/- 15 ms and 58 ms in the control group). The maximal QT interval was also significantly longer in the HCM group (464 +/- 30 ms) than in the LVH group (436 +/- 32 ms) and the control group (428 +/- 25 ms).