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Mazama nemorivaga (Cuvier, 1817) is a gray brocket deer that inhabits the Amazon region. An assessment of previous studies revealed inconsistencies in its current taxonomic classification, suggesting the need for an update in its genus classification. A taxonomic repositioning of this species is proposed through the collection of a specimen from its type locality (French Guiana) with subsequent morphological (coloring pattern, body measurements, and craniometry), cytogenetics (G Band, C Band, conventional Giemsa, Ag-NOR staining, and BAC probe mapping), and molecular phylogenetic analysis (mitochondrial genes Cyt B of 920 bp, COI I of 658 bp, D-loop 610 bp), and comparisons with other specimens of the same taxon, as well as other Neotropical deer species. The morphological and cytogenetic differences between this and other Neotropical Cervidae confirm the taxon as a unique and valid species. The phylogenetic analysis evidenced the basal position of the M. nemorivaga specimens within the Blastocerina clade. This shows early diversification and wide divergence from the other species, suggesting that the taxon should be transferred to a different genus. A taxonomic update of the genus name is proposed through the validation of Passalites Gloger, 1841, with Passalites nemorivagus (Cuvier, 1817) as the type species. Future research should focus on evaluating the potential existence of other species within the genus Passalites, as suggested in the literature.

Monitoring wildlife population trends is essential for resource management and invasive species control, but monitoring data are hard to acquire. Citizen science projects may monitor species occurrence patterns in time and space in a cost-effective way. A systematic management program of exotic wild boar (Sus scrofa) and axis deer (Axis axis) in a protected area of northeastern Argentina (El Palmar National Park) provided a framework for implementing a wildlife monitoring system based on park-affiliated hunters. We assessed the level of agreement between three indices of relative abundance: hunter sightings and camera trapping for wild boar, axis deer, capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), brown brocket deer (Mazama guazoubira), and crab-eating and pampas foxes combined (Cerdocyon thous and (Lycalopex gymnocercus), and catch per unit effort (CPUE) for both exotic ungulates only. Most (74%) hunting parties participated in the monitoring program and contributed to its sustainability. Bland-Altman plots displayed large levels of agreement between methods across species, with larger systematic differences between sighting and camera-trapping indices for native species. Restricting camera-trapping to the same time window as hunter sightings substantially increased the agreement between methods across species. Sighting and CPUE indices revealed similar temporal trends and large variations in spatial patterns between species. Comparison of the number of sighted and killed exotic ungulates indicated that, on average, 17% of wild boar and 75% of axis deer escaped hunters. The three indices were appropriate metrics for management purposes and corroborated the sustained, high-level abundance of axis deer and low numbers of wild boar in recent years.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:34:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-08-01 The genetic diversity of Neotropical deer is increasingly jeopardized, owing to declining population size. Thus, the formation of cryobanking of somatic cells is important for the preservation of these species using cloning. The transformation of these cells into viable embryos has been hampered by a lack of endangered species oocytes. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to produce brown brocket deer embryos by interspecific somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT), using goat or cattle oocytes as cytoplasts, and to elucidate embryo mitochondrial activity by measuring the expression levels of ATP6, COX3, and ND5. Cattle embryos produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF) were used as a control. There were no differences in the development of embryos produced by traditional SCNT and iSCNT when using either the goat cytoplasts (38.4% vs. 25.0% cleaved and 40.0% vs. 50.0% morula rates, respectively) or cattle cytoplast (72.8% vs. 65.5% cleaved and 11.3% vs. 5.9% blastocyst rates, respectively). Concerning the gene expression, no significant difference was observed when goat oocytes were used as cytoplasts. However, when using cattle oocytes and 16S as a reference gene, the iSCNT upregulated COX3, when compared with SCNT group. In contrast, when GAPDH was used as a reference gene, all the evaluated genes were upregulated in the iSCNT group, when compared with the IVF group. When compared with the SCNT group, only the expression of ATP6 was statistically different. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that interspecific nuclear transfer is a potentially useful tool for conservation programs of endangered similar deer species. Laboratory of Physiology Control of Reproduction Faculty of Veterinary Ceará State University (UECE) Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology National University Toribio Rodriguez de Mendoza Department of Biology University of Saskatchewan Department of Animal Science Deer Research and Conservation Center São Paulo State University (UNESP) Molecular Genetics Research Unit University Center Fametro (UNIFAMETRO) Department of Animal Science Deer Research and Conservation Center São Paulo State University (UNESP)

The brocket deer (Genus Mazama) is a highly diverse cervid group distributed from Mexico to Argentina, with a downward population trend. However, literature on the basic reproductive biology of the genus is scarce. This work aimed to study biometric, histological and stereological aspects of the testes of Dwarf Red Brocket (Mazama rufina). Testes from free-ranging adult brockets (n = 3) were retrieved from necropsies. Testes were histologically processed. From histological images, several stereological parameters were estimated, and seminiferous epithelium cycle morphology was described. Testes volumes were between 8.2 and 18.4 ml and weights from 8.3 to 19.4 g. Gonadosomatic index (% paired-testes weight to body weight) went from 0.17 to 0.64. The tubular cross-sectional diameter was 179.8 ± 2.8 µm. Estimated volume densities for parenchyma and interstitium were 78.8% and 21.2% respectively. There were (in millions/ml) 96.0 ± 13.1 germ cells and 37.7 ± 6.0 somatic cells. Specific cell densities were (all expressed in millions/ml) as follows: spermatogonia 13.1 ± 4.2; primary spermatocytes 43.1 ± 5.0; round spermatids 36.8 ± 8.0 (lower density near the caudal pole, p

Fil: Loponte, Daniel Marcelo. Secretaria de Cultura de la Nacion. Direccion Nacional de Cultura y Museos. Instituto Nacional de Antropologia y Pensamiento Latinoamericano; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:47:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-04-01 One of the major challenges in studies of activity and movement ecology is discovering how and why animals behave differently in certain environments. The gray brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) is widely distributed in the Neotropic region. In the Brazilian Pantanal wetland, gray brocket deer inhabit a unique landscape with varying ecotypes arranged in a mosaic, where seasonal flooding alters resource availability for the deer. Documenting animal activity and movement can be the key to understanding how a species interacts with its dynamic environment. We used data from accelerometers and characteristics of movement on six GPS-monitored gray brocket deer in the Pantanal wetland to investigate how habitat type, periods of the day, and cycles of flooding and drought affect activity, movement behavior, and displacement. Deer exhibited the lowest activity and encamped movement in closed habitat during diurnal and nocturnal periods, suggesting resting and foraging behaviors. The highest activity and exploratory movement occurred in open habitats, and potentially was related to deer searching for locations with greater resource availability. Individuals were displaced the most during floods, which was a response to access feeding sites that were free of water. Our results not only represent an unprecedented and refined view of the activity and movement behavior of brocket deer, but they also stress the importance of preserving multiple habitat types for species that express variable foraging strategies in heterogeneous landscapes. Laboratório de Biodiversidade Conservação e Ecologia de Animais Silvestres (LABCEAS) Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos 210 Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária Dos Tabuleiros Costeiros Departamento de ATC, Av. Beira Mar, 3250 Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária Do Pantanal, Rua 21 de Setembro, no 1.880 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos 210 Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:00:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-09-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Photoperiod is the main cue that controls seasonal reproduction in deer from temperate regions, like secretion of testosterone by the testis, neck enlargement, and testis development. However, little is known about its effect on the reproduction of tropical deer species. This research aimed to assess the potential seasonality of the brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) by melatonin treatment. Reproductive parameters such as testicular volume, neck circumference, and semen quality were evaluated from day 0 to 90, and fecal androgen metabolites (FAM) from day −28 to 91. Melatonin treatment was administered from day 0 to 60. In total, seven individuals were used in the study. Four animals were allocated to the treated group (TG) and three to the control group (CG). The neck circumference and some seminal parameters did not show a significant difference between CG and TG and along the experimental period. High FAM levels were observed for the TG on days 7, 14, 21, 35, 84, and 91 (p < 0.05). The mean testicular volume was reduced from day 0 to 30 (p < 0.05) and from day 0 to 90 (p < 0.05), with no increase in the mean testicular volume from day 30 to 60 (p > 0.05). Sperm motility was the highest on day 60 compared with day 0 (p < 0.05). Although not statistically different, membrane integrity and major defects tended to be higher and lower, respectively, in the TG compared with the CG. For these parameters, the incremental change (%) per individual showed that males from the TG tended to have a higher percentage during the melatonin treatment, hence melatonin might affect these seminal characteristics. These findings suggest that exogenous melatonin might enhance FAM levels and sperm motility. Veterinary Science Postgraduate Program School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies (FCAV) São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal Animal Science Postgraduate Program School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies (FCAV) São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE) School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies (FCAV) São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal Veterinary Science Postgraduate Program School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies (FCAV) São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal Animal Science Postgraduate Program School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies (FCAV) São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE) School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies (FCAV) São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal

South American cervids have a relatively recent evolutionary history in the Neotropics. Present taxonomical richness includes six genera and 17 species grouped in at least two clades, Blastocerina and Odocoileina. With few exceptions, functional morphology or ecomorphological approaches have not been rigorously applied to the masticatory apparatus of Neotropical deer. In order to understand the relationship between craniomandibular integration and feeding behavior, we used geometric morphometric methods (3D landmarks) to quantify the strength and significance of the correlation between morphology and feeding behavior. Two blocks Partial Least Squares analyses, angular comparison, regression analysis, and independent contrast were performed to explore the patterns of covariation between cranial and mandibular shape and size, and between them and continuous dietary characters. The main variation in shape is related to a gradient from a brachycephalic cranium with a robust mandible in small deer to a dolicocephalic cranium with a gracile mandible in large deer. These shape changes seem to be modeled by a complex interplay of allometric trends and biomechanically significant features related to the proportions of dietary monocotyledon, fruit, or dicotyledonous plant material. We find remarkable convergences in the brocket deer ecomorphotype in the two clades of Neotropical cervids, as well as similar craniomandibular traits between marsh and pampas deer with African mixed feeder bovids related to monocotyledon consumption. These findings lead us to share Radinsky’s interest in convergences in the masticatory apparatus of herbivorous mammals. Fil: Cassini, Guillermo Hernán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Luján; Argentina Fil: Toledo, Néstor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Departamento Científico de Paleontología de Vertebrados; Argentina

Ketamine-free, midazolam-based protocols have successfully immobilized cervids in the past but their impact on physiological function has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Six deer received IM dexmedetomidine (30.96 ± 3.06 µg/kg) and midazolam (0.31 ± 0.03 mg/kg). Heart rates (HR), respiratory rates (f ), rectal temperature, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded 25 min after drug delivery (T25) and every 5 min until T55. An arterial blood sample was collected at T40. Mean HR and temperature significantly decreased throughout sedation, but were maintained above critical values (> 60 beats/ min and 37°C, respectively). Although not statistically different, f clinically decreased during sedation. MAP remained within acceptable ranges (60–80 mmHg) and SpO2 above 95%. Mean PaO2 was normal (>80 mmHg), but a mild hypoxemia was observed on two occasions. Recovery was smooth yet prolonged, as the first head movement, attempt to stand, sternal recumbency, and standing position were recorded within 9.36 ± 3.47, 10.32 ± 1.37, 13.13 ± 2.70, and 15.34 ± 2.57 min after IM atipamezole, respectively. This protocol was effective for short-term procedures in captive brown brocket deer, and appeared to be safe on the basis of arterial blood gases and cardiorespiratory variables.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:27:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-07-01 Central European Institute of Technology ASCRS Research Foundation Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Grantová Agentura České Republiky The genus Mazama stands out among the Neotropical deer due to their wide intra and interspecific karyotypic diversification, which is associated with an accentuated chromosomal fragility. There are reports of heterozygous Robertsonian translocation (RT) carriers in a free-range population of Mazama gouazoubira (brown brocket deer), as well as in captive animals of this and other species of the genus. To analyze possible negative impacts of heterozygous chromosome rearrangements on reproductive fitness of the carriers, we performed an analysis of sperm meiotic segregation in four brown brocket bucks, carriers of a rob(4;16), and compared the results with those of a normal buck. We established a reliable FISH and sperm-FISH protocol for the brown brocket deer using bovine (Bos taurus; diploid number, 2n = 60) whole chromosome painting (WCP) and BAC probes. Using BAC probes, we revealed the presence of a paracentric inversion (PAI) of the fused chromosome 4 in two of the four analyzed RT carriers. The mean frequency of normal/balanced sperm in the translocation carriers was significantly lower than in the normal buck (94.78% vs 98.40%). The mean value of total unbalanced spermatozoa was almost doubled in the RT/PAI carriers (6.68%) when compared to RT carriers (3.76%), but the difference was not statistically significant. This study demonstrated the efficiency of FISH with bovine WCP and BAC probes in the characterization of chromosome rearrangements and gametic segregation patterns in brown brocket deer. Our results indicate a low to moderate increase in the rates of unbalanced meiotic segregation products in brown brocket bucks heterozygous for RT and RT/PAIs. Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista – NUPECCE/FCAV/UNESP Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista – NUPECCE/FCAV/UNESP Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica: 116-2017-FONDECYT FAPESP: 2017/07014-8 FAPESP: 2019/06940-1 Grantová Agentura České Republiky: 20–22517J

Background : The gray brocket deer ( Mazama gouazoubira ) is a specie that shows great adaptability in different habitats and it is the most abundant deer specie in South America. The present work describes for the first time a case of abortion followed by death associated with colloid goiter, massive hemonchosis and necrotizing rumenitis in a captive female gray brocket deer. Case : A 4-year-old female gray brocket deer ( M. gouazoubir a ) raised in captivity had a history of abortion during the last third of gestation. The animal was kept in an enclosure together with 3 other gray brockets deers, being 1 male of the same age and 2 juvenile brocket deer of approximately 1 and 2 years old. The animals were fed with concentrated used as cattle feed and dewormed annually with 1% Ivermectin. The animals' enclosure had vegetation cover formed by grasses and soil. The animals appeared healthy with no behavioral changes. The day after the stillbirth, the mother was found dead in the enclosure and sent to the animal pathology sector of the University of Vila Velha (UVV), Brazil. Necropsy revealed that thyroid lobules were highly increased in volume and histopathological findings were compatible with colloid goiter. A large number of nematodes were found in the abomasal content, totalizing 11,626 helminths, which were morphologically characterized as Haemonchus contortus . Grossly, the serous and ruminal mucosa exhibited an extensively reddish focal area with irregular contour, surface ulceration and a firm consistency. Microscopically, a severe necrotizing rumenitis was diagnosed. The liver showed pale multifocal areas on the subcapsular surface, friable to the touch which deepened when cut. Histopathological analysis revealed an accentuated multifocal panlobular coagulative necrosis, characterizing an acute liver necrosis. Discussion : Iodine is a mineral of great importance for thyroid hormones synthesis and your requirements are higher during pregnancy and lactation. Diets deficient in iodine causes a reduction in the basal activity of the hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) and over-stimulation of the thyroid by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), resulting in goiter. In the present case, it is possible that the shortage of iodine in diet caused a goiter and, as a consequence, triggered the abortion. Haemonchus contortus is a pathogenic nematode of small ruminants, leading to decreased productivity and death in some cases as a result of anemia and hypoxia. The con tact between domestic and wild animals, resulting in the emergence of infectious diseases and the spread of pathogens among species. In the present case, manual counting accounted for 11,626 H. contortus larvae, characterizing a massive infection and justifying the condition of severe anemia. The high parasitic load shown in this case points out this parasite's importance related to this species in captivity. In general, inflammatory lesions in the rumen are results of excessive intake of fermentable carbohydrates, which leads to a considerable decrease in ruminal pH and leads to a high proliferation of lactic acid bacteria. This lesion has been previously reported in cervids. This case of comorbidities demonstrates that failures in nutritional and health handling, may cause simultaneous multiple diseases leading to death. Preventive measures for helminth parasite control and a proper feeding management with an adequate diet must be provided in order to preserve the species in captivity. Keywords: colloid goiter, abortion, cervids, Haemonchus contortus.

The brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) is a deer that lives in South America, particularly in Brazil and nearby countries such as Uruguay and Argentina. This study aimed to describe the topography, morphology, wraps and renal arterial segments of brocket deer. Used two specimens of M. gouazoubira; through dissection, the skin was completely removed and later scored the arteries of animals with stained latex red later the animals were fixed in a formaldehyde solution 10%. Sequentially through a ventral access block was removed from the animal gut and kidneys disjoint this block. The right kidney located at the level of the vertebrae L1-L3 and the left kidney at the level of vertebrae L2-L4 were presented rounded with smooth convex faces without lobation, wrapped sequentially by a thin fibrous capsule, the renal fat and fascia capsule. Medial to each kidney, the adrenal glands were. Renal artery forked in the hilar region in the cranial and caudal artery sectoral and one of these sectoral arteries (cranial and caudal) originated five main segments directed to the ventral region and the dorsal region each kidney, these segments are again bifurcated arterial segments totaling 14. Microscopically the kidneys presented similar organization to that presented by the ruminants with cortical and medullary region with fused lobes. The kidneys brocket deer resemble the kidneys of other ruminants in general, and to carnivores. Thus, its morphology, topography and the renal arterial segments and anatomical and surgical territories of the species studied have been shown to be unique. El venado bovino (Mazama gouazoubira) es un venado que vive en América del Sur, especialmente en Brasil y países cercanos como Uruguay y Argentina. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la topografía, morfología, envolturas y segmentos arteriales renales de M. gouazoubira. Se utilizaron dos especímenes y mediante disección se removió completamente la piel y posteriormente se marcaron las arterias de un animal con látex rojo, posteriormente se fijaron los animales en solución de formaldehído al 10%. Secuencialmente a través de un acceso ventral se extrajo el bloque de vísceras del animal y los riñones se separaron de este bloque. El riñón derecho ubicado a nivel de las vértebras L1-L3 y el riñón izquierdo a nivel de las vértebras L2-L4, eran redondeados, con caras lisas convexas sin lobulación, rodeadas por una fina cápsula fibrosa, cápsula adiposa y fascia renal. Medialmente a cada riñón estaban las glándulas suprarrenales. La arteria renal se bifurcó en la región hiliar hacia la arteria sectorial craneal y caudal, y una de estas arterias sectoriales (craneal y caudal) originó cinco segmentos principales dirigidos a la región ventral y la región dorsal de cada riñón, estos segmentos bifurcados de nuevo totalizando 14 segmentos arteriales. Microscópicamente los riñones mostraron una organización similar a la que presentan los rumiantes con regiones corticales y medulares con lóbulos fusionados. Los riñones de los especímenes son similares a los riñones de otros rumiantes en general y a los de los carnívoros. Así, su morfología, topografía y segmentos arteriales renales y consecuentemente los territorios quirúrgicos estudiados han resultado ser únicos. O veado-catingueiro (Mazama gouazoubira) é um cervídeo que vive na América do Sul, em especial no Brasil e países próximos como o Uruguai e a Argentina. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a topografia, morfologia, os envoltórios e os segmentos arteriais renais do M. gouazoubira. Utilizaram-se dois espécimes e através da dissecação, a pele foi completamente removida e posteriormente se marcou as artérias de um animal com látex vermelho, posteriormente os animais foram fixados em solução de formaldeído a 10%. Sequencialmente através de um acesso ventral o bloco de vísceras foi removido do animal e os rins disjuntos deste bloco. O rim direito localizado ao nível das vértebras L1-L3 e o rim esquerdo ao nível das vértebras L2-L4, apresentaram se arredondados, com faces convexas lisas sem lobação, envolvidas por uma delgada cápsula fibrosa, cápsula adiposa e pela fáscia renal. Medialmente a cada rim, estavam as glândulas adrenais. A artéria renal bifurcou-se na região hilar em a artéria setorial cranial e caudal, sendo que uma destas artérias setoriais (cranial e caudal) originou cinco segmentos principais direcionados para a região ventral e para a região dorsal de cada rim, estes segmentos se bifurcaram novamente totalizando 14 segmentos arteriais. Microscopicamente os rins apresentaram organização similar a apresentada pelos ruminantes com região cortical e medular com lobos fundidos. Os rins dos espécimes se assemelham aos rins de outros ruminantes em geral e aos dos carnívoros. Assim sua morfologia, topografia e os segmentos arteriais renais e consequentemente os territórios cirúrgicos estudada têm se demonstrado únicos.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:23:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-04-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (FUNCAP) The aim of this study was to characterize the protein profile of ovarian follicular fluid (FF) of brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira). Five adult females received an ovarian stimulation treatment and the FF was collected by laparoscopy from small/medium (3.5 mm) follicles. Concentrations of soluble proteins in FF samples were measured and proteins were analyzed by 1-D SDS-PAGE followed by tryptic digestion and tandem mass spectrometry. Data from protein list defined after a Mascot database search were analyzed using the STRAP software tool. For the protein concentration, no significant difference (P> 0.05) was observed between small/medium and large follicles: 49.2 +/- 22.8 and 56.7 +/- 27.4 mu g/mu l, respectively. Mass spectrometry analysis identified 13 major proteins, but with no significant difference (P> 0.05) between follicle size class. This study provides insight into elucidating folliculogenesis in brown brocket deer. Univ Estadual Ceara, Fac Vet, Av Dr Silas Munguba 1700, BR-60714903 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Anim Sci, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil Univ Estadual Ceara, Hlth Sci Ctr, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil Univ Fed Ceara, Lab Mass Spectrometry, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil State Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Anim Sci, Jaboticabal, Brazil Univ Ctr Fametro, Mol Genet Res Unit, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil State Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Anim Sci, Jaboticabal, Brazil CNPq: 461330/2014-8 (FUNCAP): CI3-0093-0005580100/14

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:38:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:07:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1415-47572020000400201.pdf: 904351 bytes, checksum: cc55658544ff6e529b5f984531cd9f11 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Natural history museum collections constitute an invaluable patrimony of biological diversity for analysing the taxa distribution and evolution. However, it is very common to discover taxonomic misidentification in museum collections based on incorrect data. The aim of this research was to identify brocket deer species (Mazama genus) using molecular markers. We collected 199 samples, performed DNA extraction and species identification using a specific mito-chondrial marker based on a fragment of cytochrome b (Cytb) for Neotropical deer. We achieved the amplification and sequencing of 77 specimens and verified that 26% of the skulls were wrongly identified. Moreover, in the museum collections 57% of the specimens were only identified as Mazama sp, and we were able to identify them by molecular methods to the species level. Our findings clearly demonstrate the importance of integrating molecular analyses to identify Mazama species, since using only external morphology can result in a high probability of errors. We recommend the selection of non-convergent morphological characters, which together with the use of DNA collected from museum specimens should contribute to more accurate taxonomic identifications. Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquota Filho” (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia Centro de Formação em Ciências Ambientais Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Campus Sosígenes Costa Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Departamento de Biodiversidad y Genética Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquota Filho” (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos FAPESP: 2013/05944-7

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-11T10:26:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-02-21 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The Amazonian grey brocket deer (Mazama nemorivaga) is a large mammal species that until now has been assumed to be limited to the Amazon region and has not been categorized to be threatened. In this study, we provide evidences, obtained by camera traps and faecal DNA, of the existence of two populations of this species in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, more than a thousand kilometres away from its assumed distribution limit. Furthermore, we employed genetic analysis to identify the collected faecal samples using detection dogs in six protected areas that were within 500 km of the first photographic records. Phylogenetic analysis, performed on hair samples, indicated that these populations were genetically related to the M. nemorivaga population of the western Amazon. The discovery of these populations emphasizes the importance of noninvasive techniques for species detection of elusive or rare populations. It is necessary to re-evaluate the conservation status of this species, with special attention to the detected populations (Linhares-Sooretama forest complex and the Una Biological Reserve). The conservation of these two new populations of evolutionarily significant units is urgent, and we recommend the adoption of measures against highly impacting deer threats, such as hunting and predation by domestic dogs. Finally, before any drastic population management is taken, it is necessary to determine whether there is historical or recent genetic isolation among the M. nemorivaga populations of the Atlantic Forest. Sao Paulo State Univ, Deer Res & Conservat Ctr, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Inst Pesquisas Mata Atlantica IPEMA, Vitoria, ES, Brazil Brazilian Inst Conservat Med TRIADE, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Deer Res & Conservat Ctr, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 15/25742-5 FAPESP: 17/02200-8 FAPESP: 17/07014-8 CNPq: 302368/2018-3

A case of blackleg in a brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) associated with trauma from being hit by a car in southern Rio Grande do Sul is reported. The clinical signs included fever, dehydration and lethargy that worsened progressively until 36 hours after the accident, when the animal died. In the fore right limb, there was a comminuted closed fracture of the radius and ulna but no skin wounds were observed. Grossly, the musculature of the pelvic limbs presented hemorrhage, edema and emphysema. Microscopically, the muscles of both rear legs had necrosis, edema, hemorrhage and mild inflammatory infiltration of neutrophils. Clostridium chauvoei was cultured from affected skeletal muscles, and it was also detected by immunohistochemistry, confirming a diagnosis of blackleg. The overlapping habitat of cattle and brown brocket deer is proposed as a predisposing factor in this case and alerts to spillover cases maybe happening in this region. In addition, blackleg should be included as differential diagnoses of deer with post-traumatic myositis.

The remains of non-native deer (Cervidae) have been sparsely recorded in Amerindian archaeological sites of the West Indies, but evidence indicates the presence of at least two genera, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus) and brocket deer (Mazama), during the precolumbian era known as the Ceramic Age (ca. 500 BC–AD 1500). Due to underreporting of finds and lack of regional integration of existing records, however, the West Indian distribution of cervid remains and their cultural importance are not well understood. Here, I synthesize records for unmodified and modified deer bone from 29 archaeological sites on seven islands in the precolumbian island Caribbean with descriptions for four new records of deer bone artifacts from Carriacou and Grenada. I discuss taxonomic attribution issues, evidence for manufacturing techniques, and the utilitarian and symbolic significance of deer bone artifacts. Particular attention is given to proportions of worked and unworked bone, element diversity, and skeletal part representation as a means to distinguish the introduction of living deer from the introduction of carcass products. The evidence presented here is consistent with island Amerindians importing cervid bone as finished artifacts or raw material for tool and ornament manufacture rather than live animals. This study enhances our understanding of the ways in which Amerindians were engaged in exchange networks based on the movement of exotic goods between the West Indies and continent. More broadly, it contributes to conceptual methods for distinguishing the transfer of body parts from the translocation of live animals in studies of exotic animal dispersal by humans.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:32:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-11-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Brocket deer Mazama nemorivaga and M. gouazoubira occur at the Amazon basin and southern areas, respectively, in parapatric distribution ranges. Both species can interbreed in captivity, although hybrids have serious fertility problems. Therefore, we expect natural selection to favour behavioural barriers against interspecific mating. We carried out no-choice tests with individuals of both species in captivity, along with white-tailed deer (Odocoileous virginianus) as outgroup. Behaviours were video recorded and analysed by using Generalized Mixed models, with interacting females and males as random subjects. Trials never led to copulation when the white-tailed-deer male was involved. Copulations within brocket deer species were more likely to occur when the individuals belonged to the same species (82.4%) but they also occurred quite frequently in interspecific interactions (35.7%). We identified some courtship behaviours, in males and females, which associated with a higher copulation probability or showed differences in frequency when performed to partners of the same or different species. In conclusion, our results reveal that the occurrence of facilitating behaviours and copulations were more common in intraspecific interactions, evidencing discrimination between species, but also that the precopulatory barrier was not strong between both brocket deer species. Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE) Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Ungulate Research Unit Cátedra de Recursos Cinegéticos y Piscícolas (CRCP) Universidad de Córdoba Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Agraria del Ecuador Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE) Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T15:45:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-10-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Brazilian financial agency: FUNCAP (Fortaleza, Brazil) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) The brown brocket deer Mazama gouazoubira is 1 of the 10 recognized brocket deer of the Neotropical region. Recently, this species has suffered a population decline due to current threats, mainly poaching and habitat loss. Several studies have shown that some endangered species can benefit from interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer technology through the use of their somatic cells, such as the fibroblasts. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the viability and the effect of cryopreservation on fibroblasts after several passages. For this purpose, fibroblast cells were cultured until passages 4, 7, and 10 (cultured control groups) and cryopreserved in cryotubes (frozen/warmed groups). The cellular viability, functionality, and percentage of cells undergoing necrosis and apoptosis were evaluated. The survival rates were always higher than 80% irrespective of the tested group, except for passage 10 in the frozen/warmed group. Population doubling time of cultured cells from passage 10 was significantly higher than that of passages 4 and 7, exhibiting low metabolic activity and a higher percentage of cells in initial apoptosis. In conclusion, the M. gouazoubira fibroblast-derived cell line provides an essential resource for further studies regarding reproductive biotechniques and is likely to be useful as an ex situ conservation strategy. Univ Estadual Ceara, Lab Physiol & Control Reprod, Fac Vet, Ave Dr Silas Munguba 1700, BR-60714903 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil Univ Fed Ceara, Biomed Ctr, Lab Med Immunol, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Deer Res & Conservat Ctr, Jaboticabal, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Deer Res & Conservat Ctr, Jaboticabal, Brazil CNPq: 461330/2014-8 Brazilian financial agency: FUNCAP (Fortaleza, Brazil): PR2-0101-00059.0100/15